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Atherosclerosis Prevention

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Atherosclerosis

A disease of large and medium-sized muscular

arteries and is characterized by endothelial

dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and thebuildup of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular

debris within the intima of the vessel wall

(Boudi, 2011)

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Risks Factor

Kumar, et al., 2007

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Clinical aspect

Vascular narrowing

Thrombus

Angina pectoris

Stroke

Peripheral vascular

disease

Mesenteric angina

Physical aspect

Hyperlipidemia

Lipid deposition

Vascular stiffness

Specific organ ischemia

or infark

Cerebrovascular disease

Coronary artery disease

Peripheral vascular

disease

Signs and Symptoms

Olford, 2005

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Pathogenesis

response-

to- injury

hypothesis

B

E

C

D

AChronic

endothelial injury

Accumulation oflipoproteins

Monocyte

adhesion to the

endothelium

SMC proliferation &

ECM production,

Lipid accumulation

Platelet adhesion,

Factor release

response to injury

hypothesis

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Pathogenesis

Hypothetical sequence

of cellular interactions

in atherosclerosis

Kumar, et al., 2007

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Pathogenesis

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Prevention

Primary prevent ion

delaying atheroma formation or

encouraging regression of established

lesions in persons who have not yet

suffered a serious complication

Secondary prevent ionEarly detection of atherosclerosis

Tert iary preven tionprevent recurrence of events such as

myocardial infarction or stroke in

symptomatic patients

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Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes

Diet and dietary supplements

Patients should be counseled to adopt positive changes,including a low-cholesterol diet

Total cholesterol intake should be kept to 200 mg/day

Niacin

Vitamin C

Exercise prevents and helps treat many atherosclerotic risk

factors, including elevated BP, insulin resistance &glucose intolerance, elevated triglycerideconcentrations, low HDL-C concentrations, and obesity

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Soy consumption

Reduce the size of serum

cholesterol concentration

Nagarajan, 2006

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Screening methods of atherosclerosis

hsCRP1

Lp-PLA22

Lipoprotein A3

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Conclusion

Atherosclerosis can be prevented by primary,secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention

programs aimed at either delaying atheroma formation

or encouraging regression of established lesions in

persons who have not yet suffered a seriouscomplication of atherosclerosis. Secondary prevention is

used to detect atherosclerosis as early as possible.

Tertiary prevention programs intended to prevent

recurrence of events such as myocardial infarction or

stroke in symptomatic patients

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