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Atmosphere
I. Layers of the atmosphereA. Layers of the Atmosphere
1. Troposphere 2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere4. Thermosphere*
* split into the Ionosphere and the Exosphere 1
2
Stratopause
3
Mesopause
4
Tropopause
AtmosphereB. Description of Atmosphere Layers
1.Tropospherea. Tropo means “turning” or changingb. extends from the earth’s surface from 12 kilometers in altitudec. weather changes
d. COOLING TREND - temperature drops/cools as you go up
2. Stratospherea. extends from the Tropopause to an altitude of 50 kilometers (32
kilometers thick)b. strong, steady windsc. few weather changes
d. WARMING TREND - warms as you go up
e. contains the ozone layer – oxygen molecules that absorb ultraviolet radiation
Atmosphere3. Mesosphere (Middle Layer)
a. rises from the Stratopause to 80 kilometers (30 kilometers thick)
b. COOLING TREND - temperature falls/drops as you go upc. Protects Earth from meteors – they burn up hered. Coldest part of the atmosphere
• Thermosphere (Outermost layer)
a. rises from Mesopause to 300+ kilometersb. WARMING TREND - temperature rises as you go up
(hottest layer)c. Splits into the Ionosphere (80-550 km) and the
exosphere (above 550 km)d. Meteors Enter here
AtmosphereGases in the Atmosphere (DRY AIR)
1. Nitrogen 78%2. Oxygen 21%3. Argon 0.9%4. Carbon Dioxide 0.03%5. All Others 0.01%
nitrogernoxygenargonCarbon dioxideall otheres
AtmosphereII. Air QualityA.Sources of Pollutants – some occur naturally, but
many are the results of human activity 1. Natural Sources – forest fires, soil erosion, dust
storms, wind carries mold and pollen, and volcanic eruptions
2. Human Activities – most pollutants occur from the burning of fossil fuels (cars and factories), farming, and construction
B. Smog and Acid Rain – caused by burning of fossil fuelsC. Improving Air Quality – state and federal governments
have passed laws to reduce air pollution