Atty Uribe - Civil Law Review 2 - Codal Provisions

7/26/2019 Atty Uribe - Civil Law Review 2 - Codal Provisions

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Based on the outline of ATTY. CRISOSTOMO URIBE CIVILLAW REVIEW 2

I. OBLIGATIONS

II. CONTRACTS

a. SPECIAL CONTRACTS1)SALE2)BARTER3)LEASE4)LOAN5)DEPOSIT6)ALEATORY CONTRACTS7)GUARANTY AND

SURETYSHIP8)PLEDGE !ORTGAGE

ANTICHRESIS

". PREPARATORY CONTRACTS1)AGENCY2)PARTNERSHIP3)TRUSTS

III. E#TRA$CONTRACTUALOBLIGATIONSa. LAW

". %UASI$CONTRACTS&. DELICTS'. %UASI$DELICTS

IV. DA!AGES

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I. OBLIGATIONS

(A.) IN GENERAL(B.) SOURCES(C.) COMPLIANCE(D.) KINDS OF CIVIL OBLIGATIONS(E.) BREACH(F.) REMEDIES FOR BREACH

(G.) MODES OF EXTINGUISHMENT

(A.) IN GENERAL

1. DE(INITION Ar. 11!"

2. INDS O( OBLIGATIONS AS TO BASIS *EN(ORCEABILITY Ar#. 1$%&'1$& 11&*'11!!

T+l, III. ' NATURAL OBLIGATIONS

PRESCRIPTION OF ACTIONS

3. ELE!ENTS O( OBLIGATIONS

(B.) SOURCES O OBLIGATIONS

1. LAW Ar. 11!-2. CONTRACTS Ar#. 11!* 1&!3. QUASI-CONTRACTS Ar#. 11" %1$%'%1/!

a. NEGOTORIU! GESTIO". SOLUTIO INDEBITI&. OTHER %UASI$CONTRACTS

4. DELICTS+ACTS OR O!ISSIONS PUNISHABLEBY LAW)

5. QUASI-DELICTS

(C.) COM!LIANCE "IT# OBLIGATIONS' ARTS. 1* 11"&'""1%$$ 1%$" 1$" $$ $$%

HUMAN RELATIONS ' A,-. 1.

NATURE AND EFFECT OF OBLIGATIONS ' A,-. 1163.

RIGHT OF ACCESSION ' A,-. 44/ A,-. 442.

($.) %IN$S O CI&IL OBLIGATIONS

1.AS TO PER(ECTION AND E#TINGUISH!ENTA. PUREB. CONDITIONALC. WITH A TER! OR PERIOD

2.AS TO PLURALITY O( PRESTATIONA. CON0UNCTIVE

B. ALTERNATIVE +ARTS. 11$12/5)C. (ACULTATIVE +ART. 12/6)

3.AS TO RIGHTS * OBLIGATIONS O( !ULTIPLEPARTIES

A. 0OINT +A,-. 12/7$1222)B. SOLIDARY +NCC ARTS 27 1824 111 1452157 214 2146 (C ARTS 4 121 RPC ART. /)

C. DIS0UNCTIVE 0,r, ar, #,,ral 23l+4a+25# a5625l7 25, 2r #28, 29 0,8 8:# 3, 9:l;ll,6

4.AS TO PER(OR!ANCE O( PRESTATION+ARTS. 1221$1225 12/$121/)

A. DIVISIBLEB. INDIVISIBLEC. 0OINT INDIVISIBLED. SOLIDARY INDIVISIBLE

5.AS TO THE PRESENCE O( AN ACCESSORYUNDERTAING IN CASE O( BREACH

WITH A PENAL CLAUSE +distinguish fromliuid!t"d d!m!g"s)+ARTS. 1226/123/)

(E.) BREAC# O OBLIGATIONS (ART '')

I. !a, B,a&

1. (RAUD (ARTS. 11/1 1&&- 1&$$)2. NEGLIGENCE (ARTS. 11/1'11/&)

3. DELAY (ARTS. 11"* 11"! 1/-" 1/-- 1-*"1*$%)4. ANY OTHER !ANNER O( CONTRAVENTION

II. E9&: , $;,,


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2. LOSS O( THE THING DUE OR I!POSSIBILITY O(PER(OR!ANCE ARTS. 1%"%'"* 11-* 11/$ 11"!1%"- 1*$% 1*/* %1$/ %1!*

3. CONDONATION OR RE!ISSION O( THE DEBT ARTS. 1%/'/$ /$- /$*

4. CON(USION OR !ERGER O( RIGHTS ARTS. 1%/!'// 1%1! 1%1/

5. CO!PENSATION ARTS. 1%/-'1%* 1%$& 1%1!

INDS O( CO!PENSATIONA. LEGALB. CONVENTIONAL=(ACULTATIVEC. 0UDICIAL

6. NOVATION ARTS. 121$13/4 1215

INDS O( NOVATION

A. AS TO ITS NATURE1. SUB0ECTIVE OR PERSONAL2. OB0ECTIVE RO REAL

B. AS TO ITS (OR!1. E#PRESS2. I!PLIED

7. OTHER !ODES $ ACT O( CREDITOR

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I. OBLIGATIONS

A. IN GENERAL

1. DE(INITION

Ar. 11!"

A,-. 1156.A5 23l+4a+25 +# a 0a 0, 0a# 6,l+,r,6 2r

o T0, =a78,5 29 0, al:, 29 0, #,r+c,0, 0a# r,56,r,6.

A,-. 142.0,5 a ,#a, 2r +5,#a, 0,+r

V2l:5ar+l7 =a7# a 6,3 29 0, 6,c,6,5

Ec,,6+54 0, al:, 29 0, =r2=,r7

0+c0 0, r,c,+,6

o B7 >+ll 2r

o B7 0, la> 29 +5,#ac7 9r28 0, ,#a, 29

0, 6,c,a#,6

T0, =a78,5 +# al+6 a56

Ca552 3, r,#c+56,6 37 0, =a7,r.

A,-. 143/.0,5 a >+ll +# 6,clar,6 2+6o B,ca:#, + 0a# 52 3,,5 ,,c:,6

o I5 acc2r6a5c, >+0 0, 92r8al++,#

r,?:+r,6 37 la>

B: 25, 29 0, +5,#a, 0,+r# a9,r 0,#,l,8,5 29 0, 6,3# 29 0, 6,c,a#,6

Pa7# a l,4ac7o I5 c28=l+a5c, >+0 a cla:#, +5 0,

6,9,c+, >+ll T0, =a78,5 +# ,,c+, a56 +rr,2ca3l,.

PRESCRIPTION OF ACTIONS

A,-. 113.Ac+25# =r,#cr+3,

B7 0, 8,r, la=#, 29 +8,

F+,6 37 la>.

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A,-. 114/.Ac+25# 2 r,c2,r 82a3l,#

S0all =r,#cr+3, "ight #"!rs

Fr28 0, +8, 0, =2##,##+25 0,r,29 +# l2#

o U5l,## 0, =2##,##2r

o Ha# ac?:+r,6 0, 2>5,r#0+= 37

=r,#cr+=+25o F2r a l,## =,r+26

o Acc2r6+54 2 Ar+cl, 11&%

A+t. '',-. The one+shi/ of0o1a2les /+es3+i2es th+ou4huninte++u/ted /ossession fo+ fou+5ea+s in 4ood faith.

o a56 >+02: =r,(-) The 1alidit5 of an5 3ont+a3t ofsale unde+ statuto+5 /oe+ of sale o+

unde+ the o+de+ of a 3ou+t of3o0/etent :u+isdi3tion>(,) !u+3hases 0ade in a 0e+3hant;ssto+e9 o+ in fai+s9 o+ 0a+?ets9 ina33o+dan3e ith the Code ofCo00e+3e and s/e3ial las.

o Ar+cl, 11&&

A+t. '',,. Mo1a2les /ossessed th+ou4h a

3+i0e 3an ne1e+ 2e a38ui+ed th+ou4h/+es3+i/tion 25 the o,,r >0,5 0, ac+25

o Ar+#,# 9r28 2r 2: 29 a57

o Ac ac++7 2r c256:c 29

o A57 =:3l+c 2c,r

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o I52l+54 0, ,,rc+#, 29 =2>,r# 2ra:02r+7 ar+#+54 9r28 Mar+al La>

o I5cl:6+54 0, arr,# 6,,5+25 a562r

r+al 29 0, =la+5+

T0, #a8, 8:# 3, 3r2:40 >+0+5 on" #"!r.

A,-. 1147.T0, 92ll2>+54 ac+25#

M:# 3, ;l,6 >+0+5 on" #"!r 92r

(1) F2rc+3l, ,5r7 a56 6,a+5,r(%) D,9a8a+25.

A,-. 1148. T0, l+8+a+25# 29 ac+25

M,5+25,6 +5 Ar+cl,# 11$ 2 11$% a56 11$$ 211$/

Ar, >+02: =r,#.

A,-. 114.All 20,r ac+25#

02#, =,r+26# ar, 52 ;,6

I5 0+# C26, 2r +5 20,r la>#

M:# 3, 3r2:40 >+0+5 %&" #"!rs

Fr28 0, +8, 0, r+40 29 ac+25 accr:,#.

A,-. 115/.T0, +8, 92r =r,#cr+=+25 92r all +56# 29ac+25#

0,5 0,r, +# 52 #=,c+al =r2+#+25 >0+c0 2r6a+5#20,r>+#,

S0all 3, c2:5,6 9r28

T0, 6a7 0,7 8a7 3, 3r2:40.

A,-. 1151.T0, +8, 92r 0, =r,#cr+=+25 29 ac+25#

0+c0 0a, 92r 0,+r 230+c0 0, 23l+4,,

a# =r,,5,6

B7 a 92r:+2:# ,,5

Fr28 ,592rc+54 0+# r+40

I# 52 r,c25,6 a4a+5# 0+8.

A,-. 1155.T0, =r,#cr+=+25 29 ac+25#

I# +5,rr:=,6 >0,5a. T0,7 ar, ;l,6 3,92r, 0, c2:r3. T0,r, +# a >r+,5 ,rar+,5 ac52>l,648,5 29

0, 6,3 37 0, 6,32r.

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3. ELE!ENTS O( OBLIGATIONS

B. SOURCES O( OBLIGATIONS

6. LAW Ar. 11!-7. CONTRACTS Ar#. 11!* 1&!8. %UASI$CONTRACTS Ar#. 11" %1$%'

%1/!a. NEGOTORIU! GESTIO". SOLUTIO INDEBITI&. OTHER %UASI$CONTRACTS

. ACTS OR O!ISSIONS PUNISHABLE BYLAW

1/. %UASI$DELICTS

A,-. 1157.O3l+4a+25# ar+#, 9r28(1) La>(%) C25rac#(&) :a#+'c25rac#($) Ac# 2r 28+##+25# =:5+#0,6 37 la> a56

(!) :a#+'6,l+c#.

1. LAW' Ar. 11!-

A,-. 1158.O3l+4a+25# 6,r+,6 9r28 la>

Ar, 52 =r,#:8,6.

O5l7 02#, ,=r,##l7 6,,r8+5,6 +5 0+# C26, 2r

I5 #=,c+al la># ar,o D,8a56a3l, a56

o S0all 3, r,4:la,6 37 0, =r,c,=# 29 0,la> >0+c0 ,#a3l+#0,# 0,8 a56

A# 2 >0a 0a# 52 3,,5 92r,#,,5

o B7 0, =r2+#+25# 29 0+# B22.

2. CONTRACTS$ Ar#. 11!* 1&!

A,-. 115.O3l+4a+25# ar+#+54 9r28 c25rac#

Ha, 0, 92rc, 29 la>

B,>,,5 0, c25rac+54 =ar+,# a56

S02:l6 3, c28=l+,6 >+0 +5 4226 9a+0.

A,-. 13/5.A c25rac

I# a 8,,+54 29 8+56#

B,>,,5 >2 =,r#25#

0,r,37 25, 3+56# 0+8#,l9 >+0 r,#=,c 2 0,20,r 2

o G+, #28,0+54 2ro R,56,r #28, #,r+c,.

3. %UASI$CONTRACTS' Ar#. 11" %1$%'%1/!

A,-. 116/.O3l+4a+25# 6,r+,6 9r28 ?:a#+'c25rac#

S0all 3, #:3+0+5 0, =:r+,> 29 0,=r,c,6+54 ar+cl,.

a. NEGOTORIU! GESTIO

SECTION 1. ' Ne4otio+u0 Gestio

A,-. 2144.02,,r

V2l:5ar+l7 a,# c0ar4,

O9 0, a4,5c7 2r 8a5a4,8,5 29 0,

B:#+5,## 2r =r2=,r7 29 a520,r

+02: a57 =2>,r 9r28 0, la,r +#

O3l+4,6 2 c25+5:, 0, #a8,

o U5+l 0, ,r8+5a+25 29 0, aa+r a56 +#

+5c+6,5# 2r

T2 r,?:+r, 0, =,r#25 c25c,r5,6 2 #:3#+:,

0+8o I9 0, 2>5,r +# +5 a =2#++25 2 62 #2.

T0+# 5,r.

I5 0, ;r# ca#, 0, =r2+#+25# 29 Ar+cl,# 1&1/

1$& N2. 1 a56 1$$ r,4ar6+54 :5a:02r+@,6c25rac# #0all 42,r5.

o A+t. ','. No one 0a5 3ont+a3t in thena0e of anothe+ ithout 2ein4

autho+ied 25 the latte+9 o+ unless he has25 la a +i4ht to +e/+esent hi0.

A 3ont+a3t ente+ed into in the na0e ofanothe+ 25 one ho has no autho+it5 o+le4al +e/+esentation9 o+ ho has a3ted2e5ond his /oe+s9 shall 2eunenfo+3ea2le9 unless it is +atiDed9e/+essl5 o+ i0/liedl59 25 the /e+son onhose 2ehalf it has 2een ee3uted9

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2efo+e it is +e1o?ed 25 the othe+3ont+a3tin4 /a+t5.

o (UNENORCEABLE CONTRACTS) A+t.',. The folloin4 3ont+a3ts a+eunenfo+3ea2le9 unless the5 a+e +atiDed=

(') Those ente+ed into in the na0e ofanothe+ /e+son 25 one ho has 2een

4i1en no autho+it5 o+ le4al+e/+esentation9 o+ ho has a3ted 2e5ondhis /oe+s>

o A+t. '. Unautho+ied 3ont+a3ts a+e

4o1e+ned 25 A+ti3le ',' and the/+in3i/les of a4en35 in Title * of thisBoo?.

I5 0, #,c256 ca#, 0, R:l,# 25 A4,5c7 +5 T+l, X29 0+# B22 #0all 3, a==l+ca3l,.

A,-. 2145.T0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,r

S0all =,r92r8 0+# 6:+,#

+0 all 0, 6+l+4,5c, 29 a 4226 9a0,r 29 a 9a8+l7a56

Pa7 0, 6a8a4,#

0+c0 0r2:40 0+# 9a:l 2r 5,4l+4,5c,

Ma7 3, #:,r,6 37o T0, 2>5,r 29 0, =r2=,r7 2ro B:#+5,## :56,r 8a5a4,8,5.

T0, c2:r# 8a7 02>,,r

I5cr,a#, 2r 826,ra, 0, +56,85+7

Acc2r6+54 2 0, c+rc:8#a5c,# 29 ,ac0 ca#,.

A,-. 2146.I9 0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,r

D,l,4a,# 2 a520,r =,r#25

All 2r #28, 29 0+# 6:+,#

H, #0all 3, l+a3l, 92r 0, ac# 29 0, 6,l,4a,

+02: =r,ar6 0, 2>5,r 29 0, 3:#+5,##.

T0, r,#=25#+3+l+7 29 >2 2r 82r, 2c+2:#8a5a4,r#

S0all 3, #2l+6ar7

o U5l,##

o T0, 8a5a4,8,5 >a# a##:8,6

o T2 #a, 0, 0+54 2r 3:#+5,##

o Fr28 +88+5,5 6a54,r.

A,-. 2147.T0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,r S0all 3, l+a3l, 92r a57 92r:+2:# ,,5

(1) I9 0, :56,ra,# r+#7 2=,ra+25#

0+c0 0, 2>5,r >a# 52

acc:#28,6 2 ,83ar :=25(%)

I9 0, 0a# =r,9,rr,6 0+# 2>5 +5,r,#

T2 0a 29 0, 2>5,r

(&) I9 0, 9a+l# 2 r,:r5 0, =r2=,r7 2r

3:#+5,##

A9,r 6,8a56 37 0, 2>5,r

($) I9 0, a##:8,6 0, 8a5a4,8,5

I5 3a6 9a+0.

A,-. 2148.G,5,ral R:l, T0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,r #0all 3, l+a3l,92r 92r:+2:# ,,5# +9

(1) H, +# 8a5+9,#l7 :5;

T2 carr7 25 0, 8a5a4,8,5

(%) B7 0+# +5,r,5+25

H, =r,,5,6 a 82r, c28=,,5

=,r#25 Fr28 a+54 := 0, 8a5a4,8,5.

Ec,=+25 Ec,= >0,5 0, 8a5a4,8,5 >a#

A##:8,6 2 #a, =r2=,r7 2r 3:#+5,##

Fr28 +88+5,5 6a54,r

A,-. 214.T0, ra+;ca+25 29 0, 8a5a4,8,5 370, 2>5,r 29 0, 3:#+5,##

Pr26:c,# 0, ,,c# 29 a5 ,=r,## a4,5c7o E,5 +9 0, 3:#+5,## 8a7 52 0a, 3,,5

#:cc,##9:l.

A,-. 215/.Al02:40 0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,8,5 8a752 0a, 3,,5 ,=r,##l7 ra+;,6

T0, 2>5,r 29 0, =r2=,r7 2r 3:#+5,##

o >02 ,50+c0 0, la,r 8a7 0a, #:,r,6+5 0, =,r92r8a5c, 29 0+# 6:+,#.

T0, #a8, 23l+4a+25 #0all 3, +5c:83,5 :=250+8o 0,5 0, 8a5a4,8,5 0a6 92r +# =:r=2#,

o T0, =r,,5+25 29 a5 +88+5,5 a56 8a5+9,#

l2## Al02:40 52 3,5,; 8a7 0a, 3,,5

6,r+,6.

A,-. 2151.E,5 02:40 0, 2>5,r 6+6 52 6,r+,a57 3,5,; a56 0,r, 0a# 3,,5 52 +88+5,5 a568a5+9,# 6a54,r 2 0, =r2=,r7 2r 3:#+5,##

T0, 2>5,r +# l+a3l, a# :56,r 0, ;r#=ara4ra=0 29 0, =r,c,6+54 ar+cl, =r2+6,6

(1) T0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,r 0a# ac,6 +5 42269a+0 a56

(%) T0, =r2=,r7 2r 3:#+5,## +# +5ac r,a67 23, r,:r5,6 2 0, 2>5,r.

A,-. 2152.T0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,r

I# =,r#25all7 l+a3l, 92r

C25rac# >0+c0 0, 0a# ,5,r,6 +52

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+0 0+r6 =,r#25#o E,5 02:40 0, ac,6 +5 0, 5a8, 29 0,

2>5,r a56o T0,r, #0all 3, 52 r+40 29 ac+25 3,>,,5

0, 2>5,r a56 0+r6 =,r#25#.

T0,#, =r2+#+25# #0all 52 a==l7(1) I9 0, 2>5,r 0a#

E=r,##l7 2r ac+l7 ra+;,6 0,8a5a4,8,5 2r

(%) 0,5 0, c25rac R,9,r# 2 0+54#

P,ra+5+54 2 0, 2>5,r 29 0,

3:#+5,##.

A,-. 2153.T0, 8a5a4,8,5 +# ,+54:+#0,6(1) 0,5 0, 2>5,r

a. R,=:6+a,# + 2r3. P:# a5 ,56 0,r,2

(%) 0,5 0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,ra. +06ra># 9r28 0, 8a5a4,8,5

#:35,r 2r 0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,r.

". SOLUTIO INDEBITI

SECTION %. ' S2l:+2 I56,3++A,-. 2154.

I9 #28,0+54 +# r,c,+,6 >0,5 0,r, +# 52 r+40 2

6,8a56 + a56 I >a# :56:l7 6,l+,r,6 0r2:40 8+#a,

o T0, 23l+4a+25 2 r,:r5 + ar+#,#.

A,-. 2155.Pa78,5 37 r,a#25 29 a 8+#a,

I5 0, c25#r:c+25 2r a==l+ca+25 29 a 62:39:l 2r6+c:l ?:,#+25 29 la>

Ma7 c28, >+0+5 0, #c2=, 29 0, =r,c,6+54

ar+cl,.

A,-. 2156. I9 0, =a7,r >a# +5 62:3 >0,0,r 0,6,3 >a# 6:,

H, 8a7 r,c2,r I9 0, =r2,# 0a + >a# 52 6:,.

A,-. 2157.T0, r,#=25#+3+l+7 29 >2 2r 82r, =a7,,#

0,5 0,r, 0a# 3,,5 =a78,5 29 >0a +# 526:,o I# #2l+6ar7.

A,-. 2158. 0,5 0, =r2=,r7 6,l+,r,6 2r 825,7=a+6 3,l254# 2 a 0+r6 =,r#25

T0, =a7,, #0all c28=l7 >+0 0, =r2+#+25# 29ar+cl, 1*-$.

A+t. '7F. The de/osita+5 3annot de0and that thede/osito+ /+o1e his one+shi/ of the thin4 de/osited.

A,-. 215. 02,,r +5 3a6 9a+0 acc,=# a5 :56:,=a78,5

S0all =a7 l,4al +5,r,#

o I9 a #:8 29 825,7 +# +52l,6 2r

S0all 3, l+a3l, 92r 9r:+# r,c,+,6 2r >0+c0 #02:l6

0a, 3,,5 r,c,+,6o I9 0, 0+54 =r26:c,# 9r:+#.

H, #0all 9:r0,r82r, 3, a5#>,ra3l,o F2r a57 l2## 2r +8=a+r8,5 29 0, 0+54 9r28

a57 ca:#, a56o F2r 6a8a4,# 2 0, =,r#25 >02 6,l+,r,6 0,

0+54 :5+l + +# r,c2,r,6.

A,-. 216/. H, >02 +5 4226 9a+0 acc,=# a5 :56:,=a78,5 29 a 0+54 c,ra+5 a56 6,,r8+5a,

S0all 25l7 3, r,#=25#+3l, 92r 0,o

I8=a+r8,5 2r l2## 29 0, #a8, 2ro I# acc,##2r+,# a56 acc,##+25#

I5#29ar a# 0, 0a# 0,r,37 3,,5 3,5,;,6.

I9 0, 0a# al+,5a,6 +o H, #0all r,:r5 0, =r+c, 2ro A##+45 0, ac+25 2 c2ll,c 0, #:8.

A,-. 2161.A# r,4ar6# 0, r,+83:r#,8,5 92r+8=r2,8,5# a56 ,=,5#,# +5c:rr,6 37 0+8 >02:56:l7 r,c,+,6 0, 0+54

T0, =r2+#+25# 29 T+l, V 29 B22 IIJ #0all 42,r5.

BOO% II !RO!ERTY9 O"NERS#I!9 AN$ ITSMO$IICATIONS. Title & !OSSESSION

A,-. 2162. H, #0all 3, ,,8= 9r28 0, 23l+4a+25 2r,#2r,

02 3,l+,+54 +5 4226 9a+0 0a 0, =a78,5>a# 3,+54 8a6, 29 a l,4++8a, a56 #:3#+#+54cla+8o D,#r27,6 0, 62c:8,5 2r

o All2>,6 0, ac+25 2 =r,#cr+3, 2r

o Ga, := 0, =l,64,# 2r

o Ca5c,ll,6 0, 4:ara5+,# 92r 0+# r+40.

H, >02 =a+6 :56:l7 8a7 =r2c,,6 25l7 a4a+5#o T0, r:, 6,32r 2r 0, 4:ara52r#

+0 r,4ar6 2 >028 0, ac+25 +# #+ll

,,c+,.

A,-. 2163.I +# =r,#:8,6 0a 0,r, >a# a 8+#a,+5 0, =a78,5

I9 #28,0+54 >0+c0 0a6 5,,r 3,,5 6:, 2r 0a6alr,a67 3,,5 =a+6o a# 6,l+,r,6

B: 0, 9r28 >028 0, r,:r5 +# cla+8,6

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o Ma7 =r2, 0a 0, 6,l+,r7 >a# 8a6, 2: 29l+3,ral+7 2r 92r a57 20,r +02: 0, 52>l,64, 29 0,=,r#25 23l+4,6 2 4+, #:==2r + +# 4+,5 37 a#ra54,r

T0, la,r (st+an4e+) #0all 0a, a r+40 2 cla+80, #a8, 9r28 0, 92r8,ro U5l,## + a==,ar# 0a 0, 4a, + 2: 29 =+,7

a56o +02: +5,5+25 29 3,+54 r,=a+6.

A,-. 2165.0,5 9:5,ral ,=,5#,# ar, 32r5, 37 a0+r6 =,r#25

+02: 0, 52>l,64, 29 02#, r,la+,#

02 >,r, 23l+4,6 2 4+, #:==2r 2 0,6,c,a#,6o Sa+6 r,la+,# #0all r,+83:r#, 0, 0+r6

=,r#25 S02:l6 0, la,r cla+8 r,+83:r#,8,5.

A,-. 2166.

0,5 0, =,r#25 23l+4,6 2 #:==2r

o A5 2r=0a5 2r

o A5 +5#a5, 2r

o 20,r +56+4,5 =,r#25 :5+0 0,al0 2r #a9,7r,4:la+25# c25c,r5+54 =r2=,r7

U56,ra,# 2 62 0, 5,c,##ar7 >2r

E,5 2,r 0+# 232 2r 82r,

=,r#25#

Ar, c288+54l,6 2r c259:#,6o T0, r:l,# 25 c2'2>5,r#0+= #0all 3,

a==l+ca3l,.

A,-. 2171.T0, r+40# a56 23l+4a+25# 29 0, ;56,r 29l2# =,r#25al =r2=,r7

S0all 3, 42,r5,6 37 Ar+cl,# /1* a56 /%J.

A+t. '7. "hoe1e+ Dnds a 0o1a2le9 hi3h is not t+easu+e90ust +etu+n it to its /+e1ious /ossesso+. If the latte+ isun?non9 the Dnde+ shall i00ediatel5 de/osit it ith the0a5o+ of the 3it5 o+ 0uni3i/alit5 he+e the Dndin4 has

ta?en /la3e.

The Dndin4 shall 2e /u2li3l5 announ3ed 25 the 0a5o+ fo+to 3onse3uti1e ee?s in the a5 he dee0s 2est.

If the 0o1a2le 3annot 2e ?e/t ithout dete+io+ation9 o+ithout e/enses hi3h 3onside+a2l5 di0inish its 1alue9 itshall 2e sold at /u2li3 au3tion ei4ht da5s afte+ the/u2li3ation.

Si 0onths f+o0 the /u2li3ation ha1in4 ela/sed ithout theone+ ha1in4 a//ea+ed9 the thin4 found9 o+ its 1alue9 shall2e aa+ded to the Dnde+. The Dnde+ and the one+ shall 2eo2li4ed9 as the 3ase 0a5 2e9 to +ei02u+se the e/enses.

A+t. -. If the one+ should a//ea+ in ti0e9 he shall 2e

o2li4ed to /a59 as a +ea+d to the Dnde+9 onetenth of thesu0 o+ of the /+i3e of the thin4 found.

A,-. 2172.T0, r+40 29 ,,r7 =2##,##2r +5 4226 9a+02 r,+83:r#,8,5 92r 5,c,##ar7 a56 :#,9:l ,=,5#,#+# 42,r5,6 37 Ar+cl, !$".

A,-. 2173. 0,5 a 0+r6 =,r#25 >+02: 0,52>l,64, 29 0, 6,32r =a7# 0, 6,3

T0, r+40# 29 0, 92r8,r (thi+d /e+son) ar,42,r5,6 37 Ar+cl,# 1%&" a56 1%&/.

A+t. '-,@. The 3+edito+ is not 2ound to a33e/t

!a50ent o+ /e+fo+0an3e 25 a thi+d /e+son

"ho has no inte+est in the fulDll0ent of the o2li4ation9

o Unless the+e is a sti/ulation to the 3ont+a+5.

"hoe1e+ /a5s fo+ anothe+

o Ma5 de0and f+o0 the de2to+

o "hat he has /aid9

E3e/t that if he /aid

"ithout the ?noled4e o+

A4ainst the ill of the de2to+9

#e 3an +e3o1e+

Onl5 insofa+ as the /a50ent

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11/78


#as 2een 2eneD3ial to the de2to+.

A+t. '-,. "hoe1e+ /a5s on 2ehalf of the de2to+

"ithout the ?noled4e o+

A4ainst the ill of the de2to+9

o Cannot 3o0/el the 3+edito+

o To su2+o4ate hi0 (3+edito+) in his (3+edito+Hs) +i4hts9

o Su3h as those a+isin4 f+o0 a 0o+t4a4e9 4ua+ant59 o+

/enalt5.

A,-. 2174.0,5 +5 a #8all c288:5+7 a 8al,##5,## ;r, 226#2r8 2r 20,r cala8+7o A57 25, >02 23#.

A,-. 2176.02,,r 37 ac 2r 28+##+25 Ca:#,# 6a8a4, 2 a520,r

T0,r, 3,+54 9a:l 2r 5,4l+4,5c,

I# 23l+4,6 2 =a7 92r 0, 6a8a4, 625,.

S:c0 9a:l 2r 5,4l+4,5c,

I9 0,r, +# 52 =r,',+#+54 c25rac:al r,la+25

B,>,,5 0, =ar+,#

I# call,6 a Qu!si-D"li)t a56 +#

G2,r5,6 37 0, =r2+#+25# 29 0+# C0a=,r.

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C. CO!PLIANCE WITH OBLIGATIONS' ARTS. 1* 11"&'""1%$$ 1%$" 1$" $$ $$%

CHAPTER %HUMAN RELATIONS

A,-. 1.E,r7 =,r#25 8:#

I5 0, ,,rc+#, 29 0+# r+40# a56 I5 0, =,r92r8a5c, 29 0+# 6:+,#

o Ac >+0 2r

o T0, #+=:la+25 29 0, =ar+,#

o R,?:+r,# a520,r #a56ar6 29 car,.

A,-. 1164.T0, cr,6+2r

Ha# a r+40

T2 0, 9r:+# 29 0, 0+54

Fr28 0, +8, 0, 23l+4a+25 2 6,l+,r + ar+#,#.

H2>,,r 0, #0all ac?:+r, 52 r,al r+40 2,r +

U5+l 0, #a8, 0a# 3,,5 6,l+,r,6 2 0+8.

A,-. 1165.0,5 >0a +# 2 3, 6,l+,r,6 +#

A 6,,r8+5a, 0+54o T0, cr,6+2r

o I5 a66++25 2 0, r+40 4ra5,6 0+8 37Ar+cl, 11/J

o Ma7 c28=,l 0, 6,32r

o T2 8a, 0, 6,l+,r7.

I9 0, 0+54 +# +56,,r8+5a, 2r 4,5,r+c

o H, 8a7 a# 0a 0, 23l+4a+25

o B, c28=l+,6 >+0

o A 0, ,=,5#, 29 0, 6,32r. I9 0, 23l+42r

o D,la7# 2r

o Pr28+#,6 2 6,l+,r 0, #a8, 0+54 2>2 2r 82r, =,r#25# >02 62 52 0a, 0,#a8, +5,r,#

o H, #0all 3, r,#=25#+3l, 92r a57 92r:+2:#,,5

o U5+l 0, 0a# ,,c,6 0, 6,l+,r7.

A+t. ''. Those ho in the /e+fo+0an3e of thei+o2li4ations a+e 4uilt5 of f+aud9 ne4li4en3e9 o+ dela59and those ho in an5 0anne+ 3ont+a1ene the teno+the+eof9 a+e lia2le fo+ da0a4es.

A,-. 1166.T0, 23l+4a+25 2 4+, A 6,,r8+5a, 0+54

I5cl:6,# 0a 29 6,l+,r+54 All +# acc,##+25# a56 acc,##2r+,#

E,5 02:40 0,7 8a7 52 0a, 3,,5 8,5+25,6.

A,-. 1244.T0, 6,32r 29 a 0+54

Ca552 c28=,l 0, cr,6+2r

T2 r,c,+, a 6+,r,5 25,

Al02:40 0, la,ro Ma7 3, 29 0, #a8, al:, a# 2r

o M2r, al:a3l, 0a5

o T0a >0+c0 +# 6:,.

I5 23l+4a+25# 2 62 2r 52 2 62 a5 ac 2r92r3,ara5c,

o Ca552 3, #:3#+:,6o B7 a520,r ac 2r 92r3,ara5c,o A4a+5# 0, 23l+4,,# >+ll.

A,-. 1246.0,5 0, 23l+4a+25 c25#+## +5 0,6,l+,r7

O9 a5 +56,,r8+5a, 2r 4,5,r+c 0+54

02#, ?:al+7 a56 c+rc:8#a5c,#

Ha, 52 3,,5 #a,6

T0, cr,6+2r ca552 6,8a56 a 0+54 29 #:=,r+2r?:al+7.

N,+0,r ca5 0, 6,32r

D,l+,r a 0+54 29 +59,r+2r ?:al+7.

T0, =:r=2#, 29 0, 23l+4a+25 a56 20,r

c+rc:8#a5c,# #0all 3, a,5 +52 c25#+6,ra+25.

A,-. 146/.A 0+54 +# 6,,r8+5a,

0,5 + +# =ar+c:larl7 6,#+45a,6 2r

P07#+cal #,4r,4a,6

Fr28 all 20,r 29 0, #a8, cla##.

CHAPTER &RIGHT OF ACCESSIONGENERAL PROVISIONS

A,-. 44/.T0, 2>5,r#0+= 29 =r2=,r7

G+,# 0, r+40 37 acc,##+25

T2 ,,r70+54 >0+c0 +#o Pr26:c,6 0,r,37 2ro I5c2r=2ra,6 2r aac0,6 0,r,2

o E+0,r 5a:rall7 2r ar+;c+all7.

A,-. 442.

Na:ral 9r:+# ar, 0,o S=25a5,2:# =r26:c# 29 0, #2+l a56 0,

o 2:54 a56 20,r =r26:c# 29 a5+8al#.

I56:#r+al 9r:+# ar, 02#,

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o Pr26:c,6 37 la56# 29 a57 +56

o T0r2:40 c:l+a+25 2r la32r.

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D. INDS O( CIVIL OBLIGATIONS

1. AS TO PER(ECTION AND E#TINGUISH!ENTA. PUREB. CONDITIONALC. WITH A TER! OR PERIOD

A. PURE

CHAPTER &DIFFERENT KINDS OF OBLIGATIONSSECTION 1. ' P:r, a56 C256++25al O3l+4a+25#

A,-. 117.

E,r7 23l+4a+25o 02#, =,r92r8a5c,

o D2,# 52 6,=,56 :=25 a F::r, 2r :5c,ra+5 ,,5 2r

Pa# ,,5 :552>5 2 0,

=ar+,#o I# 6,8a56a3l, a 25c,.

E,r7 23l+4a+25o 0+c0 c25a+5# a +esoluto+5c256++25

o S0all al#2 3, 6,8a56a3l,

+02: =r,a# +5,56,6

T0, c2:r# 8a7 ; 0, 6:ra+25 0,r,29.

B. CONDITIONAL

A,-. 1181.I5 c256++25al 23l+4a+25#

T0, ac?:+#++25 29 r+40# a# >,ll a#

T0, ,+54:+#08,5 2r l2## 29 02#, alr,a67ac?:+r,6o S0all 6,=,56 :=25 0, 0a==,5+54 29 0,

,,5o 0+c0 c25#+:,# 0, c256++25.

A,-. 1182.0,5 0, fulDll0ent29 0, c256++25

D,=,56# :=25 0, sole ill of the de2to+o T0, c256++25al o2li4ation#0all 3, 1oid.

I9 0, fulDll0ent29 0, c256++25

D,=,56# :=25

o C0a5c, 2r

o T0, >+ll 29 a thi+d /e+son

o T0, 23l+4a+25 shall ta?e e+0 0, =r2+#+25# 29 0+#C26,.

A,-. 1183.

I0/ossi2lec256++25#

T02#, 3ont+a+52 4226 c:#28# 2r =:3l+c =2l+c7a56

T02#,/+ohi2ited37 la>

o S0all annul the o2li4ation 0+c0 6,=,56# :=25 0,8.

I9 0, 23l+4a+25 +# di1isi2le

o T0a/a+t0,r,29

o 0+c0 +# 52 a,c,6 37

o T0, +8=2##+3l, 2r :5la>9:l c256++25 S0all 3, al+6.

T0, c256++25 not to do an i0/ossi2le thin4

S0all 3, c25#+6,r,6 a#

o N2 0a+54 3,,5 a4r,,6 :=25.

A,-. 1184.T0, c256++25 0a S28, e1entha//en

A a dete+0inate ti0e

S0all etin4uish0, 23l+4a+25o A# #225 a# 0, ti0e e/i+es2r

o I9 + 0a# 2e3o0e indu2ita2le0a 0,e1ent>+ll not ta?e /la3e.

A,-. 1185.T0, c256++25 0a

S28, e1ent ill 52ha//en

A a 6,,r8+5a, +8,

S0all r,56,r 0, o2li4ation e0,5 0, 23l+4a+25 +8=2#,#

R,c+=r2cal =r,#a+25# :=25 0, =ar+,#

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o T0, 9r:+# a56 +5,r,##o D:r+54 0, =,56,5c7 29 0, c256++25

S0all 3, 6,,8,6 2 0a, 3,,5 8::all7

c28=,5#a,6.

I9 0, 23l+4a+25 +# :5+la,ral

T0, 6,32r #0all a==r2=r+a, 0, 9r:+# a56+5,r,## r,c,+,6

o U5l,## 9r28 0, 5a:r, a56c+rc:8#a5c,# 29 0, 23l+4a+25

o I #02:l6 3, +59,rr,6 0a 0, +5,5+25 29

o T0, =,r#25 c25#+:+54 0, #a8,o a# 6+,r,5.

I5 23l+4a+25# to do and not to doo T0, c2:r# #0all 6,,r8+5, +5 ,ac0 ca#,

o T0, r,r2ac+, ,,c 29 0, c256++25 T0a 0a# 3,,5 c28=l+,6 >+0.

A,-. 1188.T0, cr,6+2r 8a7 3r+54

T0, a==r2=r+a, ac+25#

F2r 0, =r,#,ra+25 29 0+# r+40o B,92r, 0, 9:l;ll8,5 29 0, c256++25.

T0, 6,32r 8a7 r,c2,r >0a D:r+54 0, #a8, +8,

o H, 0a# =a+6 37 8+#a,

o I5 ca#, 29 a #:#=,5#+, c256++25.

A,-. 118.

0,5 0, c256++25# 0a, 3,,5 +8=2#,6

+0 0, +5,5+25 29 sus/endin4 the e3a3529a5 o2li4ation to 4i1e

T0, 92ll2>+54 r:l,# #0all 3, 23#,r,6

I5 ca#, 29 0,

o I8=r2,8,5

o L2## 2r

o D,,r+2ra+25 29 0, 0+54

D:r+54 0, =,56,5c7 29 0, c256++25

(1) I9 0, 0+54 +# l2# +02: 0, 9a:l 29 0, 6,32r

T0, 23l+4a+25 #0all 3, ,+54:+#0,6

(%) I9 0, 0+54 +# l2#

T0r2:40 0, fault29 0, de2to+ H, #0all 3, 23l+4,6 2/a5 da0a4es

I +# :56,r#226 0a 0, 0+54 +# lost

+. 0,5 + =,r+#0,# 2r++. G2,# 2: 29 c288,rc, 2r+++. D+#a==,ar# +5 #:c0 a >a7 0a +#

,+#,5c, +# :552>5 2r + ca5523, r,c2,r,6

(&) 0,5 0, 0+54 dete+io+ates "ithout the fault29 0, de2to+

T0, i0/ai+0ent+# 2 3, 2o+ne 25 the

3+edito+

($) I9 + dete+io+ates T0r2:40 0, fault29 0, de2to+

T0, 3+edito+8a7 3hoose3,>,,5

+. T0, +es3ission29 0,23l+4a+25 a56++. I# fulDll0ent

+0 +56,85+7 92r da0a4es+5 ,+0,r

ca#,

(!) I9 0, 0+54 +# i0/+o1ed B7 +# natu+e 2r

B7 ti0e

T0, i0/+o1e0ent#0all inu+e2

T0, 3,5,; 29 0, 3+edito+

(") I9 + +# i0/+o1ed A 0, e/ense of the de2to+

H, #0all 0a, 52 20,r r+40

T0a5 0a 4ra5,6 2 0,usuf+u3tua+5.

A,-. 11/.0,5 0, 3onditions0a, 92r 0,+r=:r=2#,

T0, etin4uish0ent29 a5 23l+4a+25 to 4i1e

T0, =ar+,# U=25 0, 9:l;ll8,5 29 #a+6 c256++25#

o S0all r,:r5 2 ,ac0 20,r

o 0a 0,7 0a, r,c,+,6.

I5 ca#, 29 0,

o L2##o D,,r+2ra+25 2ro I8=r2,8,5 29 0, 0+54

T0, =r2+#+25# >0+c0

+0 r,#=,c 2 0, 6,32r

Ar, la+6 62>5 +5 0, =r,c,6+54 ar+cl,o S0all 3, a==l+,6 2 0, =ar7

o 02 +# 32:56 2 r,:r5.

A# 92r 0, 23l+4a+25# to do and not to do

o T0, =r2+#+25# 29 0, #,c256 =ara4ra=0J 29Ar+cl, 11-/ S0all 3, 23#,r,6

A# r,4ar6# 0, ,,c 29 0,

,+54:+#08,5 29 0, 23l+4a+25.

J I5 23l+4a+25# to do and not to doo T0, c2:r# #0all 6,,r8+5, +5 ,ac0 ca#,

o T0, r,r2ac+, ,,c 29 0, c256++25

o T0a 0a# 3,,5 c28=l+,6 >+0.

C. WITH A TER! OR PERIOD

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A,-. 118/.0,5 0, 6,32r 3+56# 0+8#,l9 2 =a7

0,5 0+# 8,a5# =,r8+ 0+8 2 62 #2

o T0, 23l+4a+25 #0all 3, 6,,8,6 2 3,

O5, ith a /e+iod

o S:3


17/78


- Ne ones e8uall5 satisfa3to+5$.

0,5 0, de2to+ 1iolates

An5 unde+ta?in4

I5 c25#+6,ra+25 29 >0+c0

T0, cr,6+2r a4r,,6 2 0, =,r+26!.

0,5 0, 6,32r atte0/ts to

a2s3ond.

2. AS TO PLURALITY O( PRESTATIONA. CON0UNCTIVEB. ALTERNATIVE +ARTS. 11$12/5)C. (ACULTATIVE +ART. 12/6)

A. CON0UNCTIVE

B. ALTERNATIVE

SECTION &. ' Al,r5a+, O3l+4a+25#

A,-. 11. A =,r#25 alte+nati1el532:56 B7 6+,r,5 =r,#a+25#

o S0all c28=l,,l7/e+fo+0one29 0,8.

T0, cr,6+2r ca552 3, c28=,ll,6

T2 r,c,+,

o Par 29 25, a56

o Par 29 0, 20,r :56,ra+54.

A,-. 12//.GENERAL RULE T0, +i4ht of 3hoi3e B,l254# 2 0, de2to+

EXCEPTION U5l,## r+40 29 c02+c, 0a# 3,,5e/+essl5 4+anted T2 0, cr,6+2r.

T0, de2to+#0all 0a, no +i4ht to 3hoose

T02#,/+estations>0+c0 ar,

o I0/ossi2le

o Unlaful2r

o 0+c0 c2:l6 not ha1e 2een the o2:e3t29

0, o2li4ation.

A+ti3le '-6

A,-. 12/1. T0, c02+c, S0all =r26:c, 52 ,,c

o Ec,= 9r28 0, +8, I 0a# 3,,5 c288:5+ca,6.

A,-. 12/2. T0, de2to+ shall lose T0, +i4ht of 3hoi3e

o 0,5 a8254 0, =r,#a+25#

o 0,r,37 0, +# al,r5a+,l7 32:56 Onl5one is /+a3ti3a2le.

A,-. 12/3. I9 0r2:40 0, 3+edito+;s a3ts T0, 6,32r 3annot 0a?e a 3hoi3e

Acc2r6+54 2 0, ,r8# 29 0, 23l+4a+25

o T0, de2to+8a7

o Res3ind0, c25rac

o +0 da0a4es.

A,-. 12/4. T0, 3+edito+#0all 0a, a +i4ht

T2 inde0nit5 fo+ da0a4eso 0,5 0r2:40 0, fault of the de2to+

o All 0, thin4s>0+c0 ar, al,r5a+,l7 0,230+c0

disa//ea+ed 2ro T0a 29 0, se+1i3e>0+c0 last 2e3a0e

i0/ossi2le.

$a0a4es

O0,r 0a5 0, al:,

O9 0, la# 0+54 2r #,r+c,

o Ma7 al#2 3, a>ar6,6.

A,-. 12/5. 0,5 0, c02+c, Ha# 3,,5 e/+essl5 4i1en

T2 0, 3+edito+

o T0, 23l+4a+25 #0all 3ease to 2e alte+nati1e Fr28 0, da5 hen the sele3tion

Ha# 3,,5 3o00uni3ated to the de2to+. Until then

T0, +es/onsi2ilit529 0, de2to+

S0all 3, 42,r5,6 37 0, 92ll2>+54 +ules

(1) I9 one29 0, 0+54# +# lost

T0r2:40 a fo+tuitous e1ent

- D,32r #0all =,r92r8 0, 23l+4a+25

- B7 6,l+,r+54 0a

- 0+c0 0, cr,6+2r #02:l6 c022#,9r28++. A8254 0, +e0ainde+ 2r+++. That hi3h +e0ains+9 25l7 25,

#:3#+##

(%) I9 0, loss29 one29 0, 0+54#

Occ:r# 0r2:40 0, fault of the de2to+

- T0, cr,6+2r 8a7 cla+8++. An5 of those su2sistin4 2r+++. T0,/+i3e29 0a >0+c0 0r2:40

0, 9a:l 29 0, 6,32r 0a#6+#a==,ar,6

- +0 a r+40 2 da0a4es(&)

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I9 all0, 0+54# ar, lost

T0r2:40 0, fault29 0, de2to+

- T0, 3hoi3e37 0, cr,6+2r

- S0all 9all :=25 0,/+i3e29

- An5 one29 0,8+. Al#2 >+0 +56,85+7 92r

da0a4es.

T0, #a8, r:l,# #0all 3, a==l+,6 2o O3l+4a+25# to do2r not to do

I5 ca#, one9 so0e o+ all29 0,=r,#a+25#

S02:l6 3,c28, i0/ossi2le.

C. (ACULTATIVE

A,-. 12/6. 0,5 onl5 one/+estation

Ha# 3,,5 a4r,,6 :=25o B: 0, o2li4o+0a5 +ende+a520,r in

su2stitutiono T0, 23l+4a+25 +# call,6 fa3ultati1e.

GENERAL RULE T0, loss o+ dete+io+ation29 T0, 0+54 +5,56,6 a# a su2stitute

o T0r2:40 0, ne4li4en3e29 0, o2li4o+ D2,# notr,56,r 0+8 lia2le.

EXCEPTION B: 25c, 0, su2stitution0a# 3,,50ade

T0, o2li4o++# lia2le92r

o T0, loss29 0, su2stitute

O5 acc2:5 29 0+#

D,la7

N,4l+4,5c, 2r

Fra:6.

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3. AS TO RIGHTS * OBLIGATIONS O( !ULTIPLEPARTIES

A. 0OINT +A,-. 12/7$1222)B. SOLIDARY +NCC ARTS 27 1824 111 1452157 214 2146 (C ARTS 4 121 RPC ART./)C. DIS0UNCTIVE

A. 0OINT +A,-. 12/7$1222)SECTION $. ' 2+5 a56 S2l+6ar7 O3l+4a+25#

A,-. 12/7. T0, c25c:rr,5c, 29o T>2 2r 82r, cr,6+2r# 2r

o T>2 2r 82r, 6,32r#

I5 25, a56 0, #a8, 23l+4a+25

D2,# 52 +8=l7

o T0a ,ac0 25, 29 0, 92r8,r 0a# a r+402 6,8a56 2r

o T0a ,ac0 25, 29 0, la,r +# 32:56 2

r,56,r

E5+r, c28=l+a5c, >+0 0, =r,#a+25.

T0,r, +# a solida+5 lia2ilit5

O5l7 >0,5o T0, 23l+4a+25 ,=r,##l7 #2 #a,# 2r

o T0, la> 2r 0, 5a:r, 29 0, 23l+4a+25r,?:+r,# #2l+6ar+7.

A,-. 12/8. I9 9r28o T0, la> 2r

o T0, 5a:r, 2r 0, >2r6+54 29 0,23l+4a+25#

T2 >0+c0 0, =r,c,6+54 ar+cl, r,9,r#o

T0, c25rar7 62,# 52 a==,ar T0, cr,6+ 2r 6,3

S0all 3, =r,#:8,6 2 3, 6++6,6

I52 a# 8a57 #0ar,# a# 0,r, ar, cr,6+2r# 2r

6,32r#

T0, cr,6+# 2r 6,3# 3,+54 c25#+6,r,6o D+#+5c 9r28 25, a520,r

S:3


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T0, 6,8a56 8a6, a4a+5#

O5, 29 0,8

o S0all 52 3, a5 23#acl,

o T2 02#, >0+c0 8a7 #:3#,?:,5l7 3, 6+r,c,6

o A4a+5# 0, 20,r#

S2 l254 a# 0, 6,3o Ha# 52 3,,5 9:ll7 c2ll,c,6.

A,-. 1217. !a50ent8a6, 37

O5, 29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r#

o E+54:+#0,# 0, 23l+4a+25.

I9 >2 2r 82r, #2l+6ar7 6,32r#

O,r 2 =a7o T0, cr,6+2r 8a7 c022#,

0+c0 2,r 2 acc,=.

H, >02 8a6, 0, =a78,5

Ma7 cla+8 9r28 0+# c2'6,32r#o O5l7 0, #0ar,o 0+c0 c2rr,#=256# 2 ,ac0

+0 0, +5,r,#

F2r 0, =a78,5 alr,a67 8a6,.

I9 0, =a78,5 +# 8a6,

B,92r, 0, 6,3 +# 6:,

o N2 +5,r,#

o F2r 0, +5,r,5+54 =,r+26

o Ma7 3, 6,8a56,6.

0,5 25, 29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r# ca552

o B,ca:#, 29 0+# +5#2l,5c7

R,+83:r#, 0+# #0ar,

T2 0, 6,32r =a7+54 0, 23l+4a+25 S:c0 #0ar, #0all 3, 32r5,

B7 all 0+# c2'6,32r#

I5 =r2=2r+25 2 0, 6,3 29 ,ac0.

A,-. 1218. Pa78,5 37 a #2l+6ar7 6,32r

S0all 52 ,5+l, 0+8

T2 r,+83:r#,8,5o Fr28 0+# c2'6,32r#

I9 #:c0 =a78,5 +# 8a6,o A9,r 0, 23l+4a+25 0a#

o Pr,#cr+3,6 2r 3,c28, +ll,4al.

A,-. 121. T0, r,8+##+25 8a6, 37 0, cr,6+2r

O9 0, #0ar,o 0+c0 a,c# 25, 29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r#

D2,# 52 r,l,a#, 0, la,r (one of the solida+5de2to+s)

Fr28 0+# r,#=25#+3+l+7

o T2>ar6# 0, c2'6,32r#

o I5 ca#, 0, 6,3 0a6 3,,5 2all7 =a+6 B7 a5725, 29 0,8

B,92r, 0, r,8+##+25 >a# ,,c,6.

A,-. 122/. T0, r,8+##+25 29 0, >02l, 23l+4a+25o O3a+5,6 37 25, 29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r#

D2,# 52 ,5+l, 0+8 (one of the solida+5 de2to+s)

T2 r,+83:r#,8,5

o Fr28 0+# c2'6,32r#.

A,-. 1221. I9 0, 0+54 0a# 3,,5 l2# 2r

I9 0, =r,#a+25 0a# 3,c28, +8=2##+3l,o +02: 0, 9a:l 29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r#

T0, 23l+4a+25 #0all 3, ,+54:+#0,6.

I9 0,r, >a# 9a:l

O5 0, =ar 29 a57 25, 29 0,8o All #0all 3, r,#=25#+3l,

o T2 0, cr,6+2r 92r T0, =r+c, a56

T0, =a78,5 29 6a8a4,# a56 +5,r,#

+02: =r,0+c0 ar, =,r#25al 2 0+8 2r

=,ra+5 2 0+# 2>5 #0ar,.

+0 r,#=,c 2 02#, >0+c0 =,r#25all7 3,l254 20, 20,r# (20,r #2l+6ar7 6,32r#)

o H, 8a7 aa+l 0+8#,l9 0,r,29

o O5l7 a# r,4ar6# 0a =ar 29 0, 6,3o F2r >0+c0 0, la,r (20,r #2l+6ar7

6,32r#) ar, r,#=25#+3l,.

B. SOLIDARY+NCC ARTS 27 1824 111 145 2157 2142146 (C ARTS 4 121 RPC ART. /)

A,-. 27

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I9 >2 2r 82r, 0,+r# a, =2##,##+25 29 0,,#a,o T0,7 #0all 3, #2l+6ar+l7 l+a3l,

o F2r 0, l2## 2r 6,#r:c+25 29 A 0+54 6,+#,6 2r 3,?:,a0,6

E,5 02:40 25l7 25, 29 0,8

S02:l6 0a, 3,,5 5,4l+4,5.

A,-. 1824. All/a+tne+sar, l+a3l, #2l+6ar+l7 >+0 0,=ar5,r#0+=

F2r ,,r70+54 c0ar4,a3l, 2 0, =ar5,r#0+=

o U56,r Ar+cl,# 1-%% a56 1-%&.

o A+t. 'F--. "he+e9 25 an5 >r2549:l ac 2r

28+##+25 29 a57 =ar5,r A3tin4 +5 0, 2r6+5ar7 c2:r#, 29 0,

3:#+5,##of the /a+tne+shi/ 2r +0 0, a:02r+7of 3o/a+tne+s9

Loss o+ in:u+5 is 3aused to an5/e+son9 not 2ein4 a /a+tne+ inthe /a+tne+shi/9 o+

An5 /enalt5 is in3u++ed9o The /a+tne+shi/ is lia2le

the+efo+o To the sa0e etent as the

/a+tne+ so a3tin4 o+ o0ittin4to a3t.

o A+t. 'F-,. The /a+tne+shi/ is 2ound to0a?e 4ood the loss=

(') "he+e one /a+tne+ a3tin4 ithin thes3o/e of his a//a+ent autho+it5

Re3ei1es 0one5 o+ /+o/e+t5 of athi+d /e+son and

Misa//lies it> and

(-) "he+e the /a+tne+shi/ in the 3ou+seof its 2usiness

Re3ei1es 0one5 o+ /+o/e+t5 of athi+d /e+son and

The 0one5 o+ /+o/e+t5 so+e3ei1ed is 0isa//lied 25 an5/a+tne+ hile it is in the 3ustod5of the /a+tne+shi/.

A,-. 111. E,5 >0,5 0, a4,5 0a# ,c,,6,6 0+#a:02r+7

T0, =r+5c+=al +#

o S2l+6ar+l7 l+a3l, >+0 0, a4,5 I9 0, 92r8,r (=r+5c+=al)

All2>,6 0, la,r (a4,5)

T2 ac a# 02:40 0, (a4,5) 0a6 9:ll=2>,r#.

A,-. 115. I9 >2 2r 82r, =,r#25# 0a, a==2+5,6 a5a4,5

o F2r a c28825 ra5#ac+25 2r:56,ra+54

T0,7 #0all 3, #2l+6ar+l7 l+a3l,o T2 0, a4,5

F2r all 0, c25#,?:,5c,# 29 0,

a4,5c7.

A,-. 145.0,5 0,r, ar, to o+ 0o+e 2ailees T2 >028 a 0+54 +# l2a5,6

I5 0, #a8, c25rac

o T0,7 (3a+l,,#) ar, l+a3l, #2l+6ar+l7.

A,-. 2157.T0, r,#=25#+3+l+7 29 to o+ 0o+e /a5ees

0,5 0,r, 0a# 3,,5 =a78,5

O9 >0a +# 52 6:,o I# #2l+6ar7.

A,-. 214. T0, r,#=25#+3+l+7 29 to o+ 0o+e /e+sons

02 ar, l+a3l, 92r ?:a#+'6,l+c

o I# #2l+6ar7.

A,-. 2146. I9 0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,r 6,l,4a,#

T2 a520,r =,r#25

All 2r #28, 29 0+# 6:+,#o H, #0all 3, l+a3l,

o F2r 0, ac# 29 0, 6,l,4a,

+02: =r,ar6 0, 2>5,r 29 0, 3:#+5,##.

a0il5 Code

A,-. 4. T0, a3#2l:, c288:5+7 29 =r2=,r7 S0all 3, l+a3l, 92r

1. T0, su//o+t29 T0, #=2:#,#

T0,+r c28825 c0+l6r,5 a56

L,4++8a, c0+l6r,5 29 ,+0,r #=2:#,

o H2>,,r 0, #:==2r 29

o Ill,4++8a, c0+l6r,5

- S0all 3, 42,r5,6 37

- T0, =r2+#+25# 29 0+# C26, 25 S:==2r

%. All de2ts and o2li4ations

C25rac,6 6:r+54 0, 8arr+a4,o B7 0, 6,#+45a,6 a68+5+#ra2r'#=2:#,

- F2r 0, 3,5,; 29 0, 3o00unit5 2ro B7 320 #=2:#,# 2ro B7 25, #=2:#,

- +0 0, c25#,5 29 0, 20,r

,. $e2ts and o2li4ations C25rac,6 37 ,+0,r #=2:#,

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+02: 0, c25#,5 29 0, 20,r

oT2 0, ,,5 0a 0, 9a8+l7

o Ma7 0a, 3,,5 3,5,;,6

$. All taes9 liens9 3ha+4es and e/enses I5cl:6+54 8a


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o 0+c0 #0all =r,#cr+3, +5 %&"#"!rs.

+. T0, cr+8, 29 l+3,l 2r O0,r #+8+lar 2,5#,# S0all =r,#cr+3, +5 on" #"!r.

. T0, cr+8, 29o Oral 6,9a8a+25 a56

o

Sla56,r 37 6,,6 S0all =r,#cr+3, +5 si$ months.

+. L+40 2,5#,# (arr,#2 8,52r 1 6 2 & 6) Pr,#cr+3, +5 t*o months.

C. DIS0UNCTIVE

D+#


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4. AS TO PER(OR!ANCE O( PRESTATION+ARTS. 1221$1225 12/$121/)

A. DIVISIBLEB. INDIVISIBLEC. 0OINT INDIVISIBLED. SOLIDARY INDIVISIBLE

A,-. 1221.

I9 0, thin40a# 3,,5 lost2r

I9 0,/+estation0a# 3,c28, i0/ossi2leo "ithout the fault29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r#

T0, 23l+4a+25 #0all 3, ,+54:+#0,6.

I9 0,r, >a# fault25 0, =ar 29 a57 25, 29 0,8

(#2l+6ar7 6,32r#)o All (#2l+6ar7 6,32r#) #0all 3, r,#=25#+3l, 2

0, cr,6+2r 92r T0, =r+c, a56

T0, =a78,5

29 6a8a4,# a56

I5,r,#

+02: =r,0+c0 ar,/e+sonal to hi0 2r/e+tain to his on sha+e.

+0 r,#=,c 2 02#, >0+c0 =,r#25all7 3,l254 20, 20,r# (20,r #2l+6ar7 6,32r#)o H, 8a7 aa+l 0+8#,l9 0,r,29

O5l7 a# r,4ar6# 0a =ar 29 0, 6,3

F2r >0+c0 0, la,r (20,r #2l+6ar7

6,32r#) ar, r,#=25#+3l,.

A. DIVISIBLEB. INDIVISIBLE

SECTION !. ' $i1isi2le and Indi1isi2leO3l+4a+25#

A,-. 1223. T0, di1isi2ilit52r indi1isi2ilit529 0,0+54#

T0a ar, 0, 230+c0 0,r, +#o O5l7 25, 6,32r a56o O5l7 25, cr,6+2r

D2,# 52 al,r 2r 826+97

T0, =r2+#+25# 29 C0a=,r % (NATURE

AN$ EECT O OBLIGATIONS A+ts ''@,''F) 29 0+# T+l,.

C. 0OINT INDIVISIBLE

Ar. 1%%$. A:oint indi1isi2le23l+4a+25

G+,# r+#, 2 +56,85+7

o F2r 6a8a4,#

Fr28 0, +8, a57 25, 29 0, 6,32r#

D2,# 52 c28=l7 >+0 0+# :56,ra+54.

T0, 6,32r#o 02 8a7 0a, 3,,5 r,a67 2 9:l;ll 0,+r

=r28+#,# S0all 52 c25r+3:, 2 0, +56,85+7

B,7256 0, c2rr,#=256+54 =2r+25 29

T0, =r+c, 29 0, 0+54 2r

T0, al:, 29 0, #,r+c,

I5 >0+c0 0, 23l+4a+25 c25#+##.

A,-. 1225. F2r 0, =:r=2#,# 29 0, =r,c,6+54ar+cl,#

GENERAL RULE O2li4ations to 4i1eo $eDnite thin4sa56o T02#, >0+c0 ar, not sus3e/ti2le of /a+tial

/e+fo+0an3e S0all 3, 6,,8,6 2 3, indi1isi2le.

0,5 0, 23l+4a+25 0a# 92r +# o2:e3t

o T0, ee3ution29 a 3e+tain nu02e+ of da5s of

o+? T0, acc28=l+#08,5 29 >2r 37 8,r+cal

:5+# 2ro A5al242:# 0+54#

0+c0 37 0,+r natu+ear, sus3e/ti2le of

/a+tial /e+fo+0an3e

I #0all 3, di1isi2le.

EXCEPTION H2>,,r ,,5 02:40 0, o2:e3t o+se+1i3e

Ma7 3,/h5si3all5 di1isi2le

o A5 o2li4ation is indi1isi2le+9

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1. S2 =r2+6,6 25 la2r%. Intended37 0, =ar+,#.

I5 o2li4ations not to doo $i1isi2ilit5 o+ indi1isi2ilit5

o S0all 3, 6,,r8+5,6 37

T0, 3ha+a3te+ of the /+estation+5 ,ac0=ar+c:lar ca#,.

A,-. 12/. I9 0, di1ision is i0/ossi2le T0, r+40 29 0, cr,6+2r#

Ma7 3, =r,


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5. AS TO THE PRESENCE O( AN ACCESSORYUNDERTAING IN CASE O( BREACH

WITH A PENAL CLAUSE +distinguish fromliuid!t"d d!m!g"s)+ARTS. 1226/123/)

SECTION ". ' O3l+4a+25# >+0 a P,5al Cla:#,

A,-. 1226. I5 23l+4a+25# >+0 a =,5al cla:#,

T0, =,5al7

S0all #:3#+:,o T0, inde0nit5 fo+ da0a4esa56o T0, =a78,5 29 inte+ests

I5 ca#, 29 525c28=l+a5c, I9 0,r, +# 52 #+=:la+25 2 0, c25rar7.

N,,r0,l,## 6a8a4,# #0all 3, =a+6

I9 0, 23l+42ra. Refuses to /a5 the /enalt52r3. I# 4uilt5 of f+aud+5 0, 9:l;ll8,5 29 0,

23l+4a+25.

T0, =,5al7 8a7 3, ,592rc,6

o O5l7 >0,5 + +# 6,8a56a3l,

o I5 acc2r6a5c, >+0 0, =r2+#+25# 29 0+#

C26,.

A,-. 1227.G,5,ral R:l,

T0, de2to+ca552 ,,8= 0+8#,l9

Fr28 0, =,r92r8a5c, 29 0, 23l+4a+25

B7 =a7+54 0, =,5al7Ec,=+25

o Sa, +5 0, ca#, >0,r,

o T0+# +i4ht has 2een e/+essl5 +ese+1ed

92r 0+8.

G,5,ral R:l,

N,+0,r ca5 0, 3+edito+6,8a56

o T0, 9:l;ll8,5 29 0, 23l+4a+25 a56

o T0, #a+#9ac+25 29 0, =,5al7 a 0, #a8,

+8,Ec,=+25

o U5l,## 0+# r+40 0a# 3,,5 3lea+l54+anted0+8.

H2>,,r +9 afte+0, 3+edito+ has de3ided

T2 +e8ui+e the fulDll0ent29 0, 23l+4a+25o T0, =,r92r8a5c, 0,r,29 #02:l6 2e3o0e

i0/ossi2leo +02: 0+# 9a:l

T0,/enalt5 0a5 2e enfo+3ed.

A,-. 1228. Pr229 29 ac:al 6a8a4,#

S:,r,6 37 0, cr,6+2r

o I# 52 5,c,##ar7

o I5 2r6,r 0a 0, =,5al7 8a7 3, 6,8a56,6.

A,-. 122. T0, +0 +o N:ll+7 29 0, =r+5c+=al 23l+4a+25.

T0, nullit529 0,/+in3i/al o2li4ation

Ca++ies>+0 +

o N:ll+7 29 0, =,5al cla:#,.

E. BREACH O( OBLIGATIONS +ART 117/)

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I. !a, B,a&

1. (RAUD (ARTS. 11/1 1&&- 1&$$)2. NEGLIGENCE (ARTS. 11/1'11/&)3. DELAY (ARTS. 11"* 11"! 1/-" 1/-- 1-*"1*$%)4. ANY OTHER !ANNER O( CONTRAVENTION

II. E9&: , $;,,


28/78


A# >0,5 0, 23l+42r 0a# r,56,r,6 +3,7256 0+# =2>,r 2 =,r92r8.

I5 +e3i/+o3al o2li4ations

Neithe+=ar7 +5c:r# in dela5 +9 0, 20,r

o $oes not 3o0/l52r

o I# not +ead5 to 3o0/l5

I5 a =r2=,r 8a55,r

+0 >0a +# +5c:83,5 :=25 0+8.

Fr28 0, 0o0ent25, 29 0, =ar+,# fulDlls0+#23l+4a+25o $ela537 0, 20,r 2e4ins.

A,-. 1165.

0,5 >0a +# 2 3, 6,l+,r,6 +# a dete+0inate0+54

T0, cr,6+2r

o I5 a66++25 2 0, r+40 4ra5,6 0+8 37 Ar+cl,

11/

Ma7 3o0/el0, 6,32r

T2 8a, 0, deli1e+5.

A+t. ''. Those ho in the /e+fo+0an3e ofthei+ o2li4ations a+e 4uilt5 of f+aud9 ne4li4en3e9o+ dela59 and those ho in an5 0anne+3ont+a1ene the teno+ the+eof9 a+e l+a3l, 92r6a8a4,#.

I9 0, 0+54 2 3, 6,l+,r,6 +# indete+0inate2r4,5,r+c

H, 8a7 as?0a 0, o2li4ationo B, 3o0/lied itho A 0, e/ense of the de2to+.

I9 0, 23l+42r dela5s 2r 0a#/+o0ised to deli1e+

T0, sa0e thin42 >2 2r 82r,/e+sons

o 02 62 52 0a, 0, #a8, +5,r,#

H, #0all 3, r,#=25#+3l, 92r a57 92r:+2:# ,,5

o U5+l 0, 0a# ,,c,6 0, 6,l+,r7.

A,-. 1786.

E,r7/a+tne+

I# a de2to+29 0, =ar5,r#0+=

o F2r >0a,,r 0, 8a7 0a, =r28+#,6 2

c25r+3:, 2 0, =ar5,r#0+=.

H, (=ar5,r) #0all al#2 3, 32:56 92r a++ant5

I5 ca#, 29 e1i3tion

o +0 r,4ar6 2 s/e3iD3a56 dete+0inate

thin4s 0+c0 0, 8a7 0a, 3ont+i2uted2 0,

=ar5,r#0+=

I5 0, #a8, ca#,# a56 +5 0, #a8, 8a55,r a#

o T0, ,562r +# 32:56 >+0 r,#=,c 2 0,

,56,,.

H, #0all al#2 3, lia2le fo+ the f+uits0,r,29o Fr28 0, +8, 0,7 #02:l6 0a, 3,,5

6,l+,r,6o +02: 0, 5,,6 29 a57 6,8a56.

A,-. 1788. A =ar5,r >02

Ha# :56,ra,5 2 c25r+3:, a #:8 29 825,7a56

Fa+l# 2 62 #2o B,c28,# a 6,32r

o F2r 0, +5,r,# a56 6a8a4,# Fr28 0, +8, 0, #02:l6 0a,

c28=l+,6 >+0 0+# 23l+4a+25.

T0, #a8, r:l, a==l+,# 2o A57 a82:5 0, 8a7 0a, a,5 9r28 0,

=ar5,r#0+= c2,r# a56

o H+# l+a3+l+7 #0all 3,4+5 9r28

T0, +8, 0, c25,r,6 0, a82:5 2 0+#

2>5 :#,.

A,-. 186.T0, a4ent oes inte+est

O5 0, su0s0, 0a# a==l+,6 2 0+# 2>5 :#,

Fr28 0, da525 >0+c0 0, 6+6 #2 a56

O5 those>0+c0 he still oes

o A9,r 0, ,+54:+#08,5 29 0, a4,5c7.

A,-. 142.T0, 2ailee+# lia2le92r 0, loss of thethin4

E1en+9 + #02:l6 3, 0r2:40 a fo+tuitous e1ent

(1) I9 0, 6,2,# 0, 0+54o T2 a57 =:r=2#,o D+,r,5 9r28 0a 92r >0+c0 + 0a# 3,,5

l2a5,6

(%) I9 0, ,,=# +o L254,r 0a5 0, =,r+26 #+=:la,6 2r

o A9,r 0, acc28=l+#08,5 29 0, :#, F2r >0+c0 0, c28826a:8 0a# 3,,5

c25#+:,6

(&) I9 0, 0+54 loaned0a# 3,,5 deli1e+edo G,5,ral R:l, +0 a//+aisal of its 1alue

Ec,=+25 U5l,## 0,r, +# a #+=:la+25

o E,8=+54 0, 3a+l,, 9r28

r,#=25#+3+l+7o I5 ca#, 29 a 92r:+2:# ,,5

($) I9 0, lends2r l,a#,# 0, 0+54

T2 a thi+d /e+son

02 +# not a 0e02e+ of his household

(!) I9 3,+54 a2le to sa1e,+0,r

T0, 0+54 32rr2>,6 2r

H+# 2>5 0+54o H, c02#, 2 #a, 0, la,r (his on

thin4).

4. ANY OTHER !ANNER O( CONTRAVENTION

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II. E#CUSE (OR NON$PER(OR!ANCE

1. (ORTUITOUS EVENT +ARTS. 1174 5521165 2147 215)

A,-. 1174.

G,5,ral R:l, N2 =,r#25 #0all 3, r,#=25#+3l, 92r02#, ,,5#

o 0+c0 3ould not 2e fo+eseen 2ro 0+c0 02:40 92r,#,,5 >,r, ine1ita2le.

Ec,=+25 Ec,= +5 ca#,#

o E=r,##l7 #=,c+;,6 37 0, la 2r

o 0,5 + +# 20,r>+#, 6,clar,6 37

sti/ulation 2ro 0,5 0, natu+e29 0, 23l+4a+25

R,?:+r,# 0, a##:8=+25 29 r+#

A,-. 552.A/ossesso+ in 4ood faith

G,5,ral R:l, S0all not 2e lia2le92r

o T0, dete+io+ation2r

o Loss29 0, 0+54 =2##,##,6

Ec,=+25 Ec,= +5 ca#,# +5 >0+c0 + +# =r2,60a

o H, 0a# ac,6 >+0

+audulent intent2r

Ne4li4en3e

o Afte+0, 0a +# 2 3, 6,l+,r,6 +# a dete+0inate0+54

T0, cr,6+2ro I5 a66++25 2 0, r+40 4ra5,6 0+8 37 Ar+cl,

11/

Ma7 3o0/el0, 6,32r

T2 8a, 0, deli1e+5.

A+t. ''. Those ho in the /e+fo+0an3e ofthei+ o2li4ations a+e 4uilt5 of f+aud9 ne4li4en3e9o+ dela59 and those ho in an5 0anne+3ont+a1ene the teno+ the+eof9 a+e l+a3l, 92r6a8a4,#.


H, 8a7 as?0a 0, o2li4ation

o B, 3o0/lied ith

o A 0, e/ense of the de2to+.


T0, sa0e thin42 >2 2r 82r,/e+sonso 02 62 52 0a, 0, #a8, +5,r,#

H, #0all 3, r,#=25#+3l, 92r a57 92r:+2:# ,,5o U5+l 0, 0a# ,,c,6 0, 6,l+,r7.

A,-. 2147.T0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,r S0all 3, l+a3l, 92r a57 92r:+2:# ,,5

(1) I9 0, :56,ra,# r+#7 2=,ra+25#

0+c0 0, 2>5,r >a# 52 acc:#28,6 2

,83ar :=25(%)

I9 0, 0a# =r,9,rr,6 0+# 2>5 +5,r,#

T2 0a 29 0, 2>5,r

(&)

I9 0, 9a+l# 2 r,:r5 0, =r2=,r7 2r

3:#+5,## A9,r 6,8a56 37 0, 2>5,r

($) I9 0, a##:8,6 0, 8a5a4,8,5

I5 3a6 9a+0.

A,-. 215. 02,,r +5 2ad faitha33e/ts an undue

/a50ent S0all/a5 le4al inte+est

o I9 a #:8 29 825,7 +# +52l,6 2r

S0all 3, lia2le fo+ f+uitsr,c,+,6 2r >0+c0 #02:l60a, 3,,5 r,c,+,6

o I9 0, 0+54 =r26:c,# 9r:+#.

H, #0all 9:r0,r82r, 3, anse+a2le

F2r a57 loss o+ i0/ai+0ent29 0, 0+54o Fr28 a57 ca:#, a56

F2r da0a4es2 0, =,r#25 >02 6,l+,r,6 0,0+54

o U5+l + +# r,c2,r,6.

2. ACT O( CREDITOR

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30/78


(. RE!EDIES (OR BREACH O( OBLIGATIONSNCC Ar#. 11"!'"- 11/ 11//'/- 11*1'*% %%&"FC Ar#. 1!& 1!!R:l, &* S,c. 1&

III. E#TRA$0UDICIAL RE!EDIES

1. E#PRESSLY GRANTED BY LAW ARTS.

1/-" 1/-- 1!%"2. STIPULATED

IV. 0UDICIAL RE!EDIES

1. PRINCIPAL RE!EDIES ARTS. 11*1 11/2. SUBSIDIARY RE!EDIES ARTS. 1&- 11//3. ANCILLARY RE!EDIES RULES OF COURT

(. RE!EDIES (OR BREACH O( OBLIGATIONSNCC A,-. 1165$68 117/ 1177$78 111$22236(C A,-. 153 155

R:> 3 S&. 13

A,-. 1165.

0,5 >0a +# 2 3, 6,l+,r,6 +# a dete+0inate0+54

T0, cr,6+2ro I5 a66++25 2 0, r+40 4ra5,6 0+8 37 Ar+cl,

11/

Ma7 3o0/el0, 6,32r

T2 8a, 0, deli1e+5.

A+t. ''. Those ho in the /e+fo+0an3e ofthei+ o2li4ations a+e 4uilt5 of f+aud9 ne4li4en3e9o+ dela59 and those ho in an5 0anne+

3ont+a1ene the teno+ the+eof9 a+e l+a3l, 92r6a8a4,#.


H, 8a7 as?0a 0, o2li4ationo B, 3o0/lied ith

o A 0, e/ense of the de2to+.


T0, sa0e thin42 >2 2r 82r,/e+sons

o 02 62 52 0a, 0, #a8, +5,r,#

H, #0all 3, r,#=25#+3l, 92r a57 92r:+2:# ,,5

o U5+l 0, 0a# ,,c,6 0, 6,l+,r7.

A,-. 1166. T0, 23l+4a+25 2 4+, a 6,,r8+5a,0+54o I5cl:6,# 0a 29 6,l+,r+54

All +# acc,##+25# a56 acc,##2r+,#

o E,5 02:40 0,7 8a7 52 0a, 3,,5 8,5+25,6.

A,-. 1177. T0, cr,6+2r#o A9,r 0a+54 =:r#:,6 0, =r2=,r7

I5 =2##,##+25 29 0, 6,32r

o T2 #a+#97 0,+r cla+8#

Ma7 ,,rc+#, all 0, r+40# a56

Br+54 all 0, ac+25# 29 0, 6,32ro F2r 0, #a8, =:r=2#, (2 #a+#97 0,+r

cla+8#) Sa, 02#, >0+c0 ar, +50,r,5 +5

0+# (6,32r#) =,r#25 T0,7 8a7 al#2 +8=:45

o T0, ac# >0+c0 0, 6,32r

o Ma7 0a, 625, 2 6,9ra:6 0,8.

A,-. 1178. S:3#

G,5,ral r:l, All +i4htsac?:+r,6

o I5 +r:, 29 a5 o2li4ation Ar, t+ans0issi2le

Ec,=+25o I9 0,r, 0a# 3,,5 52 #+=:la+25 2 0,

c25rar7.

JA,-. 111. T0, =2>,r 2 r,#c+56 23l+4a+25# I# +8=l+,6 +5 r,c+=r2cal 25,#

I5 ca#, 25, 29 0, 23l+42r#o S02:l6 52 c28=l7o +0 >0a +# +5c:83,5 :=25 0+8.

T0, +5,,5(1) T0, 9:l;ll8,5 2r(%) T0, r,#c+##+25 29 0, 23l+4a+25

+0 0, =a78,5 29 6a8a4,# +5

,+0,r ca#,.

H, 8a7 al#2 #,, r,#c+##+25o E,5 a9,r 0, 0a# c02#,5 9:l;ll8,5

I9 0, 9:l;ll8,5 #02:l6 3,c28,+8=2##+3l,.

T0, c2:r #0all 6,cr,, 0, r,#c+##+25 cla+8,6

o U5l,## 0,r, 3, +02: =r,+0 Ar+cl,# 1&-! a56

1&-- a56o T0, M2r4a4, La>.

A+t. ',F6. Res3ission 3+eates the o2li4ation to +etu+n thethin4s hi3h e+e the o2:e3t of the 3ont+a3t9 to4ethe+ iththei+ f+uits9 and the /+i3e ith its inte+est> 3onse8uentl59 it3an 2e 3a++ied out onl5 hen he ho de0ands +es3ission3an +etu+n hate1e+ he 0a5 2e o2li4ed to +esto+e.

Neithe+ shall +es3ission ta?e /la3e hen the thin4s hi3ha+e the o2:e3t of the 3ont+a3t a+e le4all5 in the /ossessionof thi+d /e+sons ho did not a3t in 2ad faith.

In this 3ase9 inde0nit5 fo+ da0a4es 0a5 2e de0andedf+o0 the /e+son 3ausin4 the loss.

A+t. ',FF. "hoe1e+ a38ui+es in 2ad faith the thin4salienated in f+aud of 3+edito+s9 shall inde0nif5 the latte+ fo+da0a4es su5 6a8a4,#.

A,-. 2236. T0, 6,32r +# l+a3l, +0 all 0+# =r2=,r7

o Pr,#,5 a56 9::r,

F2r 0, 9:l;ll8,5 29 0+# 23l+4a+25#

o S:3.

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31/78


A,-. 3/2. N,+0,r 0, +i4ht to +e3ei1e le4al su//o+t

N2r a57 0one5 o+ /+o/e+t5o2tained as su3h

su//o+t2r A57/ension o+ 4+atuit59r28 0, 42,r58,5

o I# #:3a4,#G,5,ral R:l, S0all 52 3, #:3,6 37

la>.

A,-. 155.G,5,ral R:l,o T0, 9a8+l7 028, #0all 3, ,,8= 9r28 ,,c:+25

92rc,6 #al, 2r aac08,5

Ec,=+25o Ec,= 92r

(1) N25'=a78,5 29 a,#

(%) D,3# +5c:rr,6 Pr+2r 2 0, c25#+:+25 29 0, 9a8+l7

028,(&) D,3# S,c:r,6 37 82r4a4,# 25 0, =r,8+#,#

B,92r, 2r a9,r #:c0 c25#+:+25 a56

($) D,3# 6:, 2 La32:r,r# 8,c0a5+c# arc0+,c#

3:+l6,r# 8a,r+al8,5 a56 20,r# 02 0a, r,56,r,6 #,r+c, 2r

02 9:r5+#0,6 8a,r+al

o F2r 0, c25#r:c+25 29 0,3:+l6+54.

RULE 3 $ E#ECUTION SATIS(ACTION AND

E((ECT O( 0UDG!ENTS

S,c. 1&. Pr2=,r7 ,,8= 9r28 ,,c:+25.

Ec,= a# 20,r>+#, ,=r,##l7 =r2+6,6 37 la>

T0, 92ll2>+54 =r2=,r7 a56 52 20,r

S0all 3, ,,8= 9r28 ,,c:+25 (1&)

(a) T0,+udgm"nt o,ligors

!mil# hom"a# =r2+6,6 37 la> 2r

T0, hom"st"!d+5 >0+c0 0, r,#+6,# a56

L!nd5,c,##ar+l7 :#,6 +5 c255,c+25 0,r,>+0

(3) Ordin!r# tools !nd im/l"m"nts

P,r#25all7 :#,6 37 0+8

I5 0+# ra6, ,8=l278,5 2r l+,l+0226

(c) T, hors"s , -, )o*s , -,)!r!,!os , oth"r ,"!sts of ,urd"n

S:c0 a# 0, +54 2: 29o A57 l+9, +5#:ra5c,

(l) T0, right to r")"i&"

L"g!l su//ort1 or mon"# or /ro/"rt#o O3a+5,6 a# #:c0 #:==2r 2r

A57/"nsion or gr!tuit# from th"

3o&"rnm"nt

(8) (ro/"rti"s s/")i!ll# "$"m/t ,# l!*.

B: 52 ar+cl, 2r #=,c+,# 29 =r2=,r7 8,5+25,6 +5

0+# #,c+25 S0all 3, ,,8= 9r28 ,,c:+25

I##:,6 :=25 a


32/78


I. E#TRA$0UDICIAL RE!EDIES

1. E#PRESSLY GRANTED BY LAW ARTS.1786 1788 1526

A,-. 1786.

E,r7/a+tne+ I# a de2to+29 0, =ar5,r#0+=

o F2r >0a,,r 0, 8a7 0a, =r28+#,6 2c25r+3:, 2 0, =ar5,r#0+=.

H, (=ar5,r) #0all al#2 3, 32:56 92r a++ant5

I5 ca#, 29 e1i3tiono +0 r,4ar6 2 s/e3iD3a56 dete+0inate

thin4s

0+c0 0, 8a7 0a, 3ont+i2uted2 0,=ar5,r#0+=

I5 0, #a8, ca#,# a56 +5 0, #a8, 8a55,r a#o T0, ,562r +# 32:56 >+0 r,#=,c 2 0,

,56,,.

H, #0all al#2 3, lia2le fo+ the f+uits0,r,29

o Fr28 0, +8, 0,7 #02:l6 0a, 3,,56,l+,r,6

o +02: 0, 5,,6 29 a57 6,8a56.

A,-. 1788. A =ar5,r >02

Ha# :56,ra,5 2 c25r+3:, a #:8 29 825,7a56

Fa+l# 2 62 #2

o B,c28,# a 6,32r

o F2r 0, +5,r,# a56 6a8a4,#

Fr28 0, +8, 0, #02:l6 0a,

c28=l+,6 >+0 0+# 23l+4a+25.

T0, #a8, r:l, a==l+,# 2o A57 a82:5 0, 8a7 0a, a,5 9r28 0,

=ar5,r#0+= c2,r# a56o H+# l+a3+l+7 #0all 3,4+5 9r28

T0, +8, 0, c25,r,6 0, a82:5 2 0+#

2>5 :#,.

A,-. 1526. S:3+0#a56+54

T0a 0, 2>5,r#0+= +5 0, 4226# 8a7 0a,=a##,6 2 0, 3:7,ro T0, :5=a+6 #,ll,r 29 4226# a# #:c0 0a#

(1) A l+,5

O5 0, 4226# 2r r+40 2 r,a+5 0,8 F2r 0, =r+c,

0+l, 0, +# +5 =2##,##+25 29 0,8

(%) A r+40 29 #2==+54 0, 4226# +5 ra5#+:

A9,r 0, 0a# =ar,6 >+0 0,=2##,##+25 29 0,8

I5 ca#, 29 0, +5#2l,5c7 29 0,3:7,r

(&) A r+40 29 r,#al,

A# l+8+,6 37 0+# T+l,($) A r+40 2 r,#c+56

T0, #al, a# l+,>+#, l+8+,6 37 0+#

T+l,.

0,r, 0, 2>5,r#0+= +5 0, 4226#

Ha# 52 =a##,6 2 0, 3:7,r

o T0, :5=a+6 #,ll,r 0a#

I5 a66++25 2 0+# 20,r r,8,6+,#

o A r+40 29 >+002l6+54 6,l+,r7

S+8+lar 2 a56 c2,,5#+, >+0

H+# r+40# 29 l+,5 a56 #2==a4, +5

ra5#+:

o 0,r, 0, 2>5,r#0+= 0a# =a##,6 2 0,3:7,r.

2. STIPULATED

II. 0UDICIAL RE!EDIES

1. PRINCIPAL RE!EDIES ARTS. 111 117/

JA,-. 111. T0, =2>,r 2 r,#c+56 23l+4a+25#

I# +8=l+,6 +5 r,c+=r2cal 25,#

I5 ca#, 25, 29 0, 23l+42r#o S02:l6 52 c28=l7

o +0 >0a +# +5c:83,5 :=25 0+8.

T0, +5,,5(1) T0, 9:l;ll8,5 2r(%) T0, r,#c+##+25 29 0, 23l+4a+25

+0 0, =a78,5 29 6a8a4,# +5

,+0,r ca#,.

H, 8a7 al#2 #,, r,#c+##+25o E,5 a9,r 0, 0a# c02#,5 9:l;ll8,5

I9 0, 9:l;ll8,5 #02:l6 3,c28,

+8=2##+3l,.

T0, c2:r #0all 6,cr,, 0, r,#c+##+25 cla+8,6o U5l,## 0,r, 3, +02: =r,+0 Ar+cl,# 1&-! a56

1&-- a56o T0, M2r4a4, La>.

A+t. ',F6. Res3ission 3+eates the o2li4ation to +etu+n thethin4s hi3h e+e the o2:e3t of the 3ont+a3t9 to4ethe+ iththei+ f+uits9 and the /+i3e ith its inte+est> 3onse8uentl59 it3an 2e 3a++ied out onl5 hen he ho de0ands +es3ission3an +etu+n hate1e+ he 0a5 2e o2li4ed to +esto+e.

Neithe+ shall +es3ission ta?e /la3e hen the thin4s hi3ha+e the o2:e3t of the 3ont+a3t a+e le4all5 in the /ossessionof thi+d /e+sons ho did not a3t in 2ad faith.

In this 3ase9 inde0nit5 fo+ da0a4es 0a5 2e de0andedf+o0 the /e+son 3ausin4 the loss.

A+t. ',FF. "hoe1e+ a38ui+es in 2ad faith the thin4s

alienated in f+aud of 3+edito+s9 shall inde0nif5 the latte+ fo+da0a4es su02

o I5 0, =,r92r8a5c, 29 0,+r 23l+4a+25# ar,

o G:+l7 29

Fra:6 5,4l+4,5c, 2r 6,la7 a56

T02#, >02

o I5 a57 8a55,ro C25ra,5, 0, ,52r 0,r,29

Ar, l+a3l, 92r 6a8a4,#.

2. SUBSIDIARY RE!EDIES ARTS. 138/1177

A,-. 138/. C25rac# al+6l7 a4r,,6 :=25 Ma7 3, r,#c+56,6

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33/78


o I5 0, ca#,# ,#a3l+#0,6 37 la>.

A,-. 1177. T0, cr,6+2r#o A9,r 0a+54 =:r#:,6 0, =r2=,r7

I5 =2##,##+25 29 0, 6,32r

o T2 #a+#97 0,+r cla+8# Ma7 ,,rc+#, all 0, r+40# a56

Br+54 all 0, ac+25# 29 0, 6,32r

o F2r 0, #a8, =:r=2#, (2 #a+#97 0,+rcla+8#)

Sa, 02#, >0+c0 ar, +50,r,5 +5

0+# (6,32r#) =,r#25 T0,7 8a7 al#2 +8=:45

o T0, ac# >0+c0 0, 6,32ro Ma7 0a, 625, 2 6,9ra:6 0,8.

3. ANCILLARY RE!EDIES RULES O( COURT

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34/78


G. !ODES O( E#TINGUISH!ENT O(OBLIGATIONS A,-. 1231

8. PAY!ENT OR PER(OR!ANCE ARTS. 1232$44 1246$51 13/2RA 8183PD 72 SECS. 31$32

SPECIAL (OR!S O( PAY!ENTA. DATION IN PAY!ENT ART. 1245B. APPLICATION O( PAY!ENTS ARTS.1252$54 1248C. PAY!ENT BY CESSION OR ASSIGN!ENT ART. 1255D. TENDER O( PAY!ENT ANDCONSIGNATION ARTS. 1256$61

. LOSS O( THE THING DUE OR I!POSSIBILITYO( PER(OR!ANCE ARTS. 1262$6 1181174 1165 1268 142 17 2147 215

1/. CONDONATION OR RE!ISSION O( THE DEBT ARTS. 127/$74 748 74

11. CON(USION OR !ERGER O( RIGHTS ARTS.1275$77 1215 1217

12. CO!PENSATION ARTS. 1278$12/ 12431215

INDS O( CO!PENSATIONA. LEGALB. CONVENTIONAL=(ACULTATIVE

C. 0UDICIAL

13. NOVATION ARTS. 121$13/4 1215

INDS O( NOVATIONA. AS TO ITS NATURE I. SUB0ECTIVE OR PERSONAL II. OB0ECTIVE RO REAL

B. AS TO ITS (OR! I. E#PRESS II. I!PLIED

14. OTHER !ODES

ACT O( CREDITOR

G. !ODES O( E#TINGUISH!ENT O(OBLIGATIONS A,-. 1231

Ar. 1%&1. O3l+4a+25# ar, ,+54:+#0,6 371. Pa78,5 2r =,r92r8a5c,

%. L2## 29 0, 0+54 6:,

&. C25625a+25 2r r,8+##+25 29 0, 6,3

$. C259:#+25 2r 8,r4,r 29 0, r+40# 29 cr,6+2r a566,32r

!. C28=,5#a+25

". N2a+25.

O0,r ca:#,# 29 ,+54:+#08,5 29 23l+4a+25##:c0 a# A55:l8,5

R,#c+##+25

F:l;ll8,5 29 a r,#2l:2r7 c256++25 a56

Pr,#cr+=+25

Ar, 42,r5,6 ,l#,>0,r, +5 0+# C26,.

1. PAY!ENT OR PER(OR!ANCEARTS. 1232$44 1246$51 13/2

RA 8183PD 72 SECS. 31$32

SECTION 1. ' Pa78,5 2r P,r92r8a5c,

A,-. 1232. Pa78,5 8,a5# N2 25l7 0, 6,l+,r7 29 825,7

B: al#2 0, =,r92r8a5c,

o I5 a57 20,r 8a55,r

O9 a5 23l+4a+25.

A,-. 1233. A 6,3 #0all 52 3, :56,r#226 2 0a,3,,5 =a+6

U5l,## 0, 0+54 2r #,r+c,o I5 >0+c0 0, 23l+4a+25 c25#+##

Ha# 3,,5 c28=l,,l7 6,l+,r,6 2r r,56,r,6

o A# 0, ca#, 8a7 3,.

A,-. 1234. I9 0, 23l+4a+25 0a# 3,,5 #:3#a5+all7=,r92r8,6 +5 4226 9a+0 T0, 23l+42r 8a7 r,c2,r

A# 02:40 0,r, 0a6 3,,5 a #r+c a56 c28=l,,

9:l;ll8,5o L,## 6a8a4,#o S:,r,6 37 0, 23l+4,,.

A,-. 1235. 0,5 0, 23l+4,, acc,=# 0,=,r92r8a5c, K52>+54 +# +5c28=l,,5,## 2r +rr,4:lar+7 a56

+02: ,=r,##+54 a57 =r2,# 2r 23+0.

A,-. 1236. T0, cr,6+2r +# 52 32:56 2 acc,= Pa78,5 2r =,r92r8a5c, 37 a 0+r6 =,r#25

02 0a# 52 +5,r,# +5 0, 9:l;ll8,5 29 0,

23l+4a+25o U5l,## 0,r, +# a #+=:la+25 2 0, c25rar7.

02,,r =a7# 92r a520,r

o Ma7 6,8a56 9r28 0, 6,32r

o 0a 0, 0a# =a+6

Ec,= 0a +9 0, =a+6

+02: 0, 52>l,64, 2r

A4a+5# 0, >+ll 29 0, 6,32r H, ca5 r,c2,r

O5l7 +5#29ar a# 0, =a78,5

Ha# 3,,5 3,5,;c+al 2 0, 6,32r.

A,-. 1237. 02,,r =a7# 25 3,0al9 29 0, 6,32r +02: 0, 52>l,64, 2r

A4a+5# 0, >+ll 29 0, 6,32ro Ca552 c28=,l 0, cr,6+2ro T2 #:3r24a, 0+8 (cr,6+2r) +5 0+# (cr,6+2r#)

r+40#o S:c0 a# 02#, ar+#+54 9r28 a 82r4a4,

4:ara57 2r =,5al7.

A,-. 1238. Pa78,5 8a6, B7 a 0+r6 =,r#25

o 02 62,# 52 +5,56 2 3, r,+83:r#,6

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35/78


o B7 0, 6,32r

I# 6,,8,6 2 3, a 625a+25

o 0+c0 r,?:+r,# 0, 6,32r# c25#,5.

B: 0, =a78,5 +# +5 a57 ca#,

Val+6 a# 2 0, cr,6+2r

o 02 0a# acc,=,6 +.

A,-. 123. I5 23l+4a+25# 2 4+, Pa78,5 8a6, 37 25,

o 02 62,# 52 0a, 0,

Fr,, 6+#=2#al 29 0, 0+54 6:,

a56 Ca=ac+7 2 al+,5a, +

S0all 52 3, al+6

o +02: =r,


36/78


o A 0, +8, 29 0, ,#a3l+#08,5 29 0,23l+4a+25

S0all 3, 0, 3a#+# 29 =a78,5

o U5l,## 0,r, +# a5 a4r,,8,5 2 0, c25rar7.

A,-. 1251. Pa78,5 #0all 3, 8a6, +5 0, =lac, 6,#+45a,6 +5 0, 23l+4a+25.

T0,r, 3,+54 52 ,=r,## #+=:la+25 a56

I9 0, :56,ra+54 +# 2 6,l+,r a 6,,r8+5a,0+54o T0, =a78,5 #0all 3, 8a6,

o 0,r,,r 0, 0+54 8+40 3,

A 0, 828,5 0, 23l+4a+25 >a#

c25#+:,6. I5 a57 20,r ca#,

o T0, =lac, 29 =a78,5 #0all 3,

o T0, 628+c+l, 29 0, 6,32r.

I9 0, 6,32r

o C0a54,# 0+# 628+c+l, +5 3a6 9a+0 2r

o A9,r 0, 0a# +5c:rr,6 +5 6,la7

T0, a66++25al ,=,5#,#

S0all 3, 32r5, 37 0+8.

T0,#, =r2+#+25# ar, >+02: =r,+02: 0, 6,32r# 52>l,64,(%) 0,5 a 0+r6 =,r#25 52 +5,r,#,6 +5 0,

23l+4a+25 =a7# +0 0, ,=r,## 2r ac+ a==r2al

O9 0, 6,32r

(&) 0,5 ,,5 >+02: 0, 52>l,64, 29 0, 6,32ra =,r#25 +5,r,#,6 +5 0, 9:l;ll8,5 29 0,23l+4a+25 =a7# +02: =r,,,r 0, =ar+,# 8a7 a4r,,

ralc &"


37/78


T0a 0, 23l+4a+25 2r ra5#ac+25

S0all 3, #,l,6 +5 a57 20,r c:rr,5c7

A 0, +8, 29 =a78,5.

S,c. %. ' R.A. N2. !%* a# a8,56,6 ,5+l,6 QA5

Ac 2 A##:8, 0, U5+92r8 Val:, 29 P0+l+==+5,C2+5 a56 C:rr,5c7Qo I# 0,r,37 r,=,al,6.

A==r2,6 :5, 11 1**"

(RESIDENTIAL DECREE No. :o N2,83,r %* 1*/%

o A8,56+54 RA %"! ,5+l,6 QT0, C,5ral Ba5

AcQ

S,c+25 &1. S,c+25 &$ 29 0, #a8, Ac (RA %"!)

+# 0,r,37 a8,56,6 2 r,a6 a# 92ll2>#

o QS,c. !$. L,4al ,56,r =2>,r. All 52,# a56 c2+5# +##:,6 37 0, C,5ral

Ba5

S0all 3, 9:ll7 4:ara5,,6 37 0, G2,r58,529 0, R,=:3l+c 29 0, P0+l+==+5,# a56

S0all 3, l,4al ,56,r +5 0, P0+l+==+5,#

F2r all 6,3# 320 =:3l+c a56 =r+a,

Pr2+6,6 02>,,r T0a c2+5# #0all 3, l,4al

,56,r

I5 a82:5# 52 ,c,,6+54 ;97 =,#2#

F2r 6,528+5a+25# 9r28 ,5 c,5a2# 225, =,#2 a56

I5 a82:5# 52 ,c,,6+54 >,57 =,#2#

92r 6,528+5a+25# 29 ;, c,5a2# 2rl,##.Q

S,c+25 &%. S,c+25 "& 29 0, #a8, Ac (RA !%*)+# 0,r,37 a8,56,6 2 r,a6 a# 92ll2>#

o QS,c. "&. L,4al c0arac,r.

C0,c# r,=r,#,5+54 6,=2#+ 825,7

D2 52 0a, l,4al ,56,r =2>,r a56

T0,+r acc,=a5c, +5 0, =a78,5 29

6,3# 320 =:3l+c a56 =r+a,

I# a 0, 2=+25 29 0, cr,6+2r

Pr2+6,6 02>,,r T0a

A c0,c >0+c0 0a# 3,,5 cl,ar,6 a56

cr,6+,6o T2 0, acc2:5 29 0, cr,6+2r

S0all 3, ,?:+al,5 2 a 6,l+,r7 20, cr,6+2r

O9 ca#0

I5 a5 a82:5 ,?:al 2 0, a82:5

cr,6+,6 2 0+# acc2:5.Q

SPECIAL (OR!S O( PAY!ENT

A. DATION IN PAY!ENT ART. 1245

A,-. 1245. Da+25 +5 =a78,5 0,r,37 =r2=,r7 +# al+,5a,6

T2 0, cr,6+2r

I5 #a+#9ac+25 29 a 6,3 +5 825,7o S0all 3, 42,r5,6 37 0, la> 29 #al,#.

B. APPLICATION O( PAY!ENTS ARTS. 1252$541248

SUBSECTION 1. ' A==l+ca+25 29 Pa78,5#A,-. 1252. H, >02 0a# ar+2:# 6,3# 29 0, #a8,+56

I5 9a2r 29 25, a56 0, #a8, cr,6+2r

o Ma7 6,clar, A 0, +8, 29 8a+54 0, =a78,5

o T2 >0+c0 29 0,8 0, #a8, 8:# 3, a==l+,6.

U5l,##

T0, =ar+,# #2 #+=:la, 2r

0,5 0, a==l+ca+25 29 =a78,5

I# 8a6, 37 0, =ar7

F2r >02#, 3,5,;

T0, ,r8 0a# 3,,5 c25#+:,6 A==l+ca+25 #0all 52 3, 8a6,

A# 2 6,3# >0+c0 ar, 52 7, 6:,.

I9 0, 6,32r acc,=# 9r28 0, cr,6+2r

A r,c,+=

I5 >0+c0 a5 a==l+ca+25 29 0, =a78,5 +# 8a6,

o T0, 92r8,r ca552 c28=la+5 29 0, #a8,

o U5l,## 0,r, +# a ca:#, 92r +5al+6a+540, c25rac.

A,-. 1253. I9 0, 6,3 =r26:c,# +5,r,# Pa78,5 29 0, =r+5c+=al

S0all 52 3, 6,,8,6 2 0a, 3,,5 8a6,

o U5+l 0, +5,r,## 0a, 3,,5 c2,r,6.

A,-. 1254. 0,5 0, =a78,5 ca552 3, a==l+,6o I5 acc2r6a5c, >+0 0, =r,c,6+54 r:l,#

2r I9 a==l+ca+25 ca552 3, +59,rr,6 9r28 20,r

c+rc:8#a5c,# T0, 6,3 >0+c0 +# 82# 25,r2:# 2 0, 6,32r

o A8254 02#, 6:,

S0all 3, 6,,8,6 2 0a, 3,,5 #a+#;,6.

I9 0, 6,3# 6:, ar, 29 0, #a8, 5a:r, a56

3:r6,5o T0, =a78,5 #0all 3, a==l+,6o T2 all 29 0,8 =r2=2r+25a,l7.

A,-. 1248. U5l,## 0,r, +# a5 ,=r,## #+=:la+25 20a ,,c T0, cr,6+2r ca552 3, c28=,ll,6

o Par+all7 2 r,c,+, 0, =r,#a+25# I5 >0+c0 0, 23l+4a+25 c25#+##.

N,+0,r 8a7 0, 6,32r 3, r,?:+r,6

o T2 8a, =ar+al =a78,5#.

H2>,,r >0,5 0, 6,3 +#

o I5 =ar l+?:+6a,6 a56o I5 =ar :5l+?:+6a,6

T0, cr,6+2r 8a7 6,8a56 a56 0, 6,32r 8a7

,,co T0, =a78,5 29 0, cr,6+2r

+02: >a++54 92r 0, l+?:+6a+25 29 0, 6,32r.

C. PAY!ENT BY CESSION OR ASSIGN!ENT ART. 1255

SUBSECTION %. ' Pa78,5 37 C,##+25A,-. 1255. T0, 6,32r 8a7 c,6, 2r a##+45 0+#=r2=,r7

T2 0+# cr,6+2r#o I5 =a78,5 29 0+# 6,3#.

T0+# c,##+25

o U5l,## 0,r, +# #+=:la+25 2 0,

c25rar7 S0all 25l7 r,l,a#, 0, 6,32r

Fr28 r,#=25#+3+l+7

o F2r 0, 5, =r2c,,6#

o O9 0, 0+54 a##+45,6.

ralc &/


38/78

Based on the outline of ATTY. CRISOSTOMO URIBE CIVILLAW REVIEW 2 T0, a4r,,8,5# >0+c0

o O5 0, ,,c 29 0, c,##+25 Ar, 8a6, 3,>,,5 0, 6,32r a56 0+# cr,6+2r#

o S0all 3, 42,r5,6 37 #=,c+al la>#.

D. TENDER O( PAY!ENT AND CONSIGNATION ARTS. 1256$61

SUBSECTION &. ' T,56,r 29 Pa78,5 a56C25#+45a+25A,-. 1256. I9 0, cr,6+2r

o T2 >028 ,56,r 29 =a78,5 0a# 3,,58a6,

R,9:#,# 2 acc,= +

o +02: +54 ca#,#1. 0,5 0, cr,6+2r +#

A3#,5 2r :552>5 2r

D2,# 52 a==,ar a 0, =lac, 29 =a78,5

%. 0,5 cr,6+2r +# I5ca=ac+a,6 2 r,c,+, 0, =a78,5

A 0, +8, + +# 6:,

&. 0,5 >+02: 2 2r 82r, =,r#25# Cla+8 0, #a8, r+40 2 c2ll,c

!. 0,5 0, +l, 29 0, 23l+4a+25 Ha# 3,,5 l2#.

A,-. 1257. I5 2r6,r 0a 0, c25#+45a+25 29 0, 0+54 6:,

Ma7 r,l,a#, 0, 23l+42r

o I 8:# ;r# 3, a552:5c,6

o T2 0, =,r#25#o I5,r,#,6 +5 0, 9:l;ll8,5 29 0, 23l+4a+25.

T0, c25#+45a+25 #0all 3, +5,,c:al

I9 + +# 52 8a6, #r+cl7

I5 c25#25a5c, >+0 0, =r2+#+25#

o 0+c0 r,4:la, =a78,5.

A,-. 1258. C25#+45a+25 #0all 3, 8a6,

B7 6,=2#++54o T0, 0+54# 6:,

A 0, 6+#=2#al 29 028 0, ,56,r 29 =a78,5 #0all3, =r2,6 +5 a =r2=,r ca#, a56

T0, a552:5c,8,5 29 0, c25#+45a+25 +5 20,r

ca#,#.

T0, c25#+45a+25 0a+54 3,,5 8a6,

T0, +5,r,#,6 =ar+,#

o S0all al#2 3, 52+;,6 0,r,29.

A,-. 125. T0, ,=,5#,# 29 c25#+45a+25

0,5 =r2=,rl7 8a6, S0all 3, c0ar4,6 a4a+5# 0, cr,6+2r.

A,-. 126/. O5c, 0, c25#+45a+25 0a# 3,,5 6:l78a6, T0, 6,32r 8a7 a# 0, 0, 0+54

2r 0, #:8 6,=2#+,6 All2>+54 0, 23l+4a+25 2 r,8a+5 +5

92rc,.

A,-. 1261. I9 0, c25#+45a+25 0a+54 3,,5 8a6,0, cr,6+2r #02:l6 a:02r+@, 0, 6,32r 2 >+06ra>0, #a8, H, #0all l2#,

o E,r7 =r,9,r,5c, >0+c0 0, 8a7 0a,

o O,r 0, 0+54.

T0, c2'6,32r# 4:ara52r# a56 #:r,+,#

o S0all 3, r,l,a#,6.

ralc &-


39/78


2. LOSS O( THE THING DUE OR I!POSSIBILITYO( PER(OR!ANCEARTS. 1262$6 118 1174 1165 1268142 17 2147 215

SECTION %. ' L2## 29 0, T0+54 D:,A,-. 1262.

A5 23l+4a+25o 0+c0 c25#+## +5 0, 6,l+,r7

o O9 a 6,,r8+5a, 0+54

S0all 3, ,+54:+#0,6

I9 + #02:l6 3, l2# 2r 6,#r27,6

+02: 0, 9a:l 29 0, 6,32r a56

B,92r, 0, 0a# +5c:rr,6 +5 6,la7.

0,5 37 la> 2r #+=:la+25

o T0, 23l+42r +# l+a3l,

o E,5 92r 92r:+2:# ,,5# T0, l2## 29 0, 0+54

D2,# 52 ,+54:+#0 0, 23l+4a+25 a56

H, #0all 3, r,#=25#+3l, 92r 6a8a4,#.

o T0, #a8, r:l, a==l+,# >0,5o T0, 5a:r, 29 0, 23l+4a+25

R,?:+r,# 0, a##:8=+25 29 r+#.

A,-. 1263. I5 a5 23l+4a+25 2 6,l+,r a 4,5,r+c 0+54 T0, l2## 2r 6,#r:c+25

O9 a570+54 29 0, #a8, +56

o D2,# 52 ,+54:+#0 0, 23l+4a+25.

A,-. 1264. T0, c2:r# #0all 6,,r8+5, >0,0,r:56,r 0, c+rc:8#a5c,# T0, =ar+al l2## 29 0, 23,r, +5,+a3l,.

Ec,=+25 Ec,= +5 ca#,#1. E=r,##l7 #=,c+;,6 37 0, la 2r%. 0,5 + +# 20,r>+#, 6,clar,6 37 sti/ulation

2r&. 0,5 0, natu+e29 0, 23l+4a+25

ralc &*


40/78


R,?:+r,# 0, a##:8=+25 29 r+#

A,-. 1165. 0,5 >0a +# 2 3, 6,l+,r,6 +#

A 6,,r8+5a, 0+54o T0, cr,6+2r

o I5 a66++25 2 0, r+40 4ra5,6 0+8 37Ar+cl, 11/J

o Ma7 c28=,l 0, 6,32r

o T2 8a, 0, 6,l+,r7.

I9 0, 0+54 +# +56,,r8+5a, 2r 4,5,r+c

o H, 8a7 a# 0a 0, 23l+4a+25

o B, c28=l+,6 >+0

o A 0, ,=,5#, 29 0, 6,32r. I9 0, 23l+42r

o D,la7# 2r

o Pr28+#,6 2 6,l+,r 0, #a8, 0+54 2>2 2r 82r, =,r#25# >02 62 52 0a, 0,#a8, +5,r,#

o H, #0all 3, r,#=25#+3l, 92r a57 92r:+2:#,,5

o U5+l 0, 0a# ,,c,6 0, 6,l+,r7.

A,-. 1268. 0,5 0, 6,3

o 29 a 0+54 c,ra+5 a56 6,,r8+5a,

Pr2c,,6# 9r28 a cr+8+5al 2,5#,

o T0, 6,32r #0all 52 3, ,,8=,6 9r28o T0, =a78,5 29 +# =r+c,

o 0a,,r 8a7 3, 0, ca:#, 92r 0, l2## U5l,## 0, 0+54 0a+54 3,,5 2,r,6

37 0+8 T2 0, =,r#25 >02 #02:l6 r,c,+, +

T0, la,r r,9:#,6

+02: 0+c0 + 0a# 3,,5 l2a5,6

(%) I9 0, ,,=# +

L254,r 0a5 0, =,r+26 #+=:la,6 2r

A9,r 0, acc28=l+#08,5 29 0, :#,

o F2r >0+c0 0, c28826a:8 0a# 3,,5

c25#+:,6

(&) I9 0, 0+54 loaned0a# 3,,5 deli1e+ed

G,5,ral R:l, +0 a//+aisal of its 1alueo Ec,=+25 U5l,## 0,r, +# a

#+=:la+25o E,8=+54 0, 3a+l,, 9r28

r,#=25#+3+l+7 I5 ca#, 29 a 92r:+2:# ,,5

($) I9 0, lends2r l,a#,# 0, 0+54

T2 a thi+d /e+son

02 +# not a 0e02e+ of his household

(!) I9 3,+54 a2le to sa1e,+0,r T0, 0+54 32rr2>,6 2r

H+# 2>5 0+54

H, c02#, 2 #a, 0, la,r (his on thin4).

A,-. 17. T0, 6,=2#+ar7 +# l+a3l, F2r 0, l2## 29 0, 0+54

T0r2:40 a 92r:+2:# ,,5 +9

1. I +# #2 #+=:la,6%. H, :#,# 0, 0+54

+02: 0, 6,=2#+2r# =,r8+##+25

&. I9 0, 6,la7# +# r,:r5$. I9 0, all2># 20,r# 2 :#, +

E,5 02:40 0, 0+8#,l9 8a7 0a, 3,,5

a:02r+@,6 2 :#, 0, #a8,.

A,-. 2147. T0, 2c+2:# 8a5a4,r S0all 3, l+a3l, 92r a57 92r:+2:# ,,5

(1)

I9 0, :56,ra,# r+#7 2=,ra+25# 0+c0 0, 2>5,r >a# 52

acc:#28,6 2 ,83ar :=25(%)

I9 0, 0a# =r,9,rr,6 0+# 2>5 +5,r,#

T2 0a 29 0, 2>5,r

(&) I9 0, 9a+l# 2 r,:r5 0, =r2=,r7 2r

3:#+5,## A9,r 6,8a56 37 0, 2>5,r

($) I9 0, a##:8,6 0, 8a5a4,8,5

I5 3a6 9a+0.

A,-. 215. 02,,r +5 2ad faitha33e/ts an undue/a50ent

S0all/a5 le4al inte+esto I9 a #:8 29 825,7 +# +52l,6 2r

S0all 3, lia2le fo+ f+uitsr,c,+,6 2r >0+c0 #02:l60a, 3,,5 r,c,+,6

o I9 0, 0+54 =r26:c,# 9r:+#.

H, #0all 9:r0,r82r, 3, anse+a2le

F2r a57 loss o+ i0/ai+0ent29 0, 0+54

o Fr28 a57 ca:#, a56

F2r da0a4es2 0, =,r#25 >02 6,l+,r,6 0,0+54

U5+l + +# r,c2,r,6.

ralc $


41/78


3. CONDONATION OR RE!ISSION O( THE DEBTARTS. 127/$74 748 74

SECTION &. ' C25625a+25 2r R,8+##+25 29 0, D,3A,-. 127/. C25625a+25 2r r,8+##+25 +# E##,5+all7 4ra:+2:# a56

R,?:+r,# 0, acc,=a5c, 37 0, 23l+42r. I 8a7 3, 8a6,

o E=r,##l7 2r +8=l+,6l7.

O5, a56 0, 20,r +56

o S0all 3, #:3+0 0,

92r8# 29 625a+25.

A,-. 1271. T0, 6,l+,r7 29 a =r+a, 62c:8,5 E+6,5c+54 a cr,6+

o Ma6, 2l:5ar+l7

o B7 0, cr,6+2r 2 0, 6,32r I8=l+,# 0, r,5:5c+a+25 29 0, ac+25

o 0+c0 0, cr,6+2r 0a6 a4a+5# 0, 6,32r.

I9 +5 2r6,r 2 5:ll+97 0+# >a+,r

o I #02:l6 3, cla+8,6 2 3, +52c+2:#

T0, 6,32r a56 0+# 0,+r# 8a7 :=02l6 +

o B7 =r2+54 0a 0, 6,l+,r7 29 0, 62c:8,5

o a# 8a6, +5 +r:, 29 =a78,5 29 0, 6,3.

A,-. 1272. 0,5,,r 0, =r+a, 62c:8,5

o I5 >0+c0 0, 6,3 a==,ar# I# 92:56 +5 0, =2##,##+25 29 0, 6,32r

I #0all 3, =r,#:8,6

o T0a 0, cr,6+2r 6,l+,r,6 + 2l:5ar+l7 U5l,## 0, c25rar7 +# =r2,6.

A,-. 1273. T0, r,5:5c+a+25 29 0, =r+5c+=al 6,3 S0all ,+54:+#0 0, acc,##2r7 23l+4a+25#

o B: 0, >a+,r 29 0, acc,##2r7

23l+4a+25#o S0all l,a, 0, =r+5c+=al 6,3 +5 92rc,.

A,-. 1274. I +# =r,#:8,6 0a 0, acc,##2r723l+4a+25 29 =l,64, Ha# 3,,5 r,8+,6

0,5 0, 0+54 =l,64,6

o a9,r +# 6,l+,r7 2 0, cr,6+2r

I# 92:56 +5 0, =2##,##+25

o 29 0, 6,32r 2r

o 29 a 0+r6 =,r#25

02 2>5# 0, 0+54.

A,-. 748. T0, 625a+25 29 a 82a3l, Ma7 3, 8a6, 2rall7 2r +5 >r++54.

A5 2ral 625a+25

o R,?:+r,# 0, #+8:la5,2:# 6,l+,r7 29 0, 0+54 2r

29 0, 62c:8,5

o R,=r,#,5+54 0, r+40 625a,6.

I9 0, al:, 29 0, =,r#25al =r2=,r7 625a,6

o Ec,,6# ;, 02:#a56 =,#2# T0, 625a+25 a56 0, acc,=a5c,

o S0all 3, 8a6, +5 >r++54

O0,r>+#, 0, 625a+25 #0all 3, 2+6.

A,-. 74. I5 2r6,r 0a 0, 625a+25 29 a5 +882a3l, Ma7 3, al+6

o I 8:# 3, 8a6, +5 a =:3l+c 62c:8,5o S=,c+97+54 0,r,+5

T0, =r2=,r7 625a,6 a56

T0, al:, 29 0, c0ar4,# >0+c0 0,

625,, 8:# #a+#97.

T0, acc,=a5c, 8a7 3, 8a6,o I5 0, #a8, 6,,6 29 625a+25 2ro I5 a #,=ara, =:3l+c 62c:8,5

B: + #0all 52 a, ,,c

o U5l,## + +# 625,

o D:r+54 0, l+9,+8, 29 0, 6252r.

I9 0, acc,=a5c, +# 8a6, +5 a #,=ara,

+5#r:8,5o T0, 6252r #0all 3, 52+;,6 0,r,29

o I5 a5 a:0,5+c 92r8 a56

o T0+# #,= #0all 3, 52,6 +5 320 +5#r:8,5#.

ralc $1


42/78


4. CON(USION OR !ERGER O( RIGHTSARTS. 1275$77 1215 1217

SECTION $. ' C259:#+25 2r M,r4,r 29 R+40#A,-. 1275. T0, 23l+4a+25 +# ,+54:+#0,6 Fr28 0, +8, 0, c0arac,r#

o O9 cr,6+2r a56 6,32r

Ar, 8,r4,6 +5 0, #a8, =,r#25.

A,-. 1276. Me+4e+

o 0+c0 a,# =lac, +5 0, =,r#25 29

o T0, =r+5c+=al 6,32r 2r cr,6+2r B,5,;# 0, 4:ara52r#.

Confusion

o 0+c0 a,# =lac, +5 0, =,r#25 29

o A57 29 0, la,r D2,# 52 ,+54:+#0 0, 23l+4a+25.

A,-. 1277. C259:#+25 62,# 52 ,+54:+#0

A 028 0, >2 c0arac,r# c25c:r.

A,-. 1215.o N2a+25

o C28=,5#a+25

o C259:#+25 2r

o R,8+##+25 29 0, 6,3 Ma6, 37 a57 29 0, #2l+6ar7 cr,6+2r# 2r

+0 a57 29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r#

S0all ,+54:+#0 0, 23l+4a+25 +02: =r,,ll a# 0, >02 c2ll,c# 0, 6,3

S0all 3, l+a3l, 2 0, 20,r#

o F2r 0, #0ar, +5 0, 23l+4a+25

o C2rr,#=256+54 2 0,8.

A+t. '-'7. The +e0ission 0ade 25 the 3+edito+ of the sha+ehi3h a02 8a6, 0, =a78,5

o Ma7 cla+8 9r28 0+# c2'6,32r# O5l7 0, #0ar, >0+c0 c2rr,#=256# 2

,ac0 +0 0, +5,r,# 92r 0, =a78,5 alr,a67

8a6,.

I9 0, =a78,5 +# 8a6, 3,92r, 0, 6,3 +# 6:,

o N2 +5,r,# 92r 0, +5,r,5+54 =,r+26

o Ma7 3, 6,8a56,6.

0,5 25, 29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r# ca552

B,ca:#, 29 0+# +5#2l,5c7

o R,+83:r#, 0+# #0ar, 2 0, 6,32r =a7+54 0,23l+4a+25

S:c0 #0ar, #0all 3, 32r5, 37 all 0+# c2'6,32r#

o I5 =r2=2r+25 2 0, 6,3 29 ,ac0.

ralc $%


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5. CO!PENSATIONARTS. 1278$12/ 1243 1215

INDS O( CO!PENSATIONA. LEGAL ARTS. 127 1286 12/B. CONVENTIONAL ART. 1282(ACULTATIVE ARTS. 1287 1288C. 0UDICIAL$ ART. 1283

SECTION !. ' C28=,5#a+25A,-. 1278. C28=,5#a+25 #0all a, =lac, 0,5 >2 =,r#25#

o +5 0,+r 2>5 r+40 Ar, cr,6+2r# a56 6,32r# 29 ,ac0 20,r.

LEGALA,-. 127. I5 2r6,r 0a c28=,5#a+25 8a7 3,=r2=,r + +# 5,c,##ar7 0a1. Eac0 25, 29 0, 23l+42r#

B, 32:56 =r+5c+=all7 a56

T0a 0, 3, a 0, #a8, +8, a =r+5c+=al

cr,6+2r 29 0, 20,r%. B20 6,3# c25#+# +5 a #:8 29 825,7 2r

I9 0, 0+54# 6:, ar, c25#:8a3l,

T0,7 3, 29 0, #a8, +56 a56

Al#2 29 0, #a8, ?:al+7

I9 0, la,r 0a# 3,,5 #a,6

&. T0, >2 6,3# 3, 6:,$. T0,7 3, l+?:+6a,6 a56 6,8a56a3l,!. O,r 5,+0,r 29 0,8

T0,r, 3, a57 r,,5+25 2r c25r2,r#7

C288,5c,6 37 0+r6 =,r#25# a56

C288:5+ca,6 +5 6:, +8, 2 0, 6,32r.

A,-. 128/. N2>+0#a56+54 0, =r2+#+25# 29 0,=r,c,6+54 ar+cl, T0, 4:ara52r 8a7 #, := c28=,5#a+25

o A# r,4ar6# >0a 0, cr,6+2r 8a7 2>, 0,

=r+5c+=al 6,32r.

A,-. 1281. C28=,5#a+25 8a7 3,o T2al 2r =ar+al.

0,5 0, >2 6,3# ar, 29 0, #a8, a82:5

o T0,r, +# a 2al c28=,5#a+25.

CONVENTIONALA,-. 1282. T0, =ar+,# 8a7 a4r,, :=25 0,

c28=,5#a+25 29 6,3# >0+c0 ar, 52 7, 6:,.

0UDICIALA,-. 1283. I9 25, 29 0, =ar+,# 2 a #:+ O,r a5 23l+4a+25

Ha# a cla+8 92r 6a8a4,# a4a+5# 0, 20,r

o T0, 92r8,r 8a7 #, + 2

o B7 =r2+54 0+# r+40

T2 #a+6 6a8a4,# a56

0, a82:5 0,r,29.

A,-. 1284. 0,5 25, 2r 320 6,3#

o T2al 2r =ar+al. T0,7 8a7 3, c28=,5#a,6 a4a+5# ,ac0 20,r

B,92r, 0,7 ar, 02 0a# c25#,5,6 2 0, a##+458,5

29 r+40#o Ma6, 37 a cr,6+2r

o I5 9a2r 29 a 0+r6 =,r#25 Ca552 #, := a4a+5# 0, a##+45,,

T0, c28=,5#a+25 >0+c0 >2:l6 =,ra+5 2

0+8 A4a+5# 0, a##+452r

U5l,## 0, a##+452r >a# 52+;,6 370, 6,32r

A 0, +8, 0, 4a, 0+# c25#,5

T0a 0, r,#,r,6 0+# r+40 2 0,c28=,5#a+25.

I9 0, cr,6+2r c288:5+ca,6 0, c,##+25 2 0+8(6,32r)o B: 0, 6,32r 6+6 52 c25#,5 0,r,2

o T0, la,r (6,32r) 8a7 #, := 0,c28=,5#a+25 29 6,3#

o Pr,+2:# 2 0, c,##+25

B: 52 29 #:3#,?:,5 25,#.

I9 0, a##+458,5 +# 8a6,

+02: 0, 52>l,64, 29 0, 6,32r

o H, 8a7 #, := 0, c28=,5#a+25 29 allcr,6+#

o Pr+2r 2 0, #a8, a56

o Al#2 la,r 25,#

U5+l 0, 0a6 52>l,64, 29 0,a##+458,5.

LEGALA,-. 1286. C28=,5#a+25 a,# =lac, B7 2=,ra+25 29 la>

o E,5 02:40 0, 6,3# 8a7 3, =a7a3l,

o A 6+,r,5 =lac,# B: 0,r, #0all 3, a5 +56,85+7

F2r ,=,5#,# 29

Ec0a54, 2r

Tra5#=2ra+25 2 0, =lac, 29=a78,5.

(ACULTATIVEA,-. 1287. C28=,5#a+25 #0all 52 3, =r2=,r 0,5 25, 29 0, 6,3# ar+#,#

o Fr28 a 6,=2#+:8 2r

o Fr28 0, 23l+4a+25#

O9 a 6,=2#+ar7 2r

O9 a 3a+l,, +5 c28826a:8.

N,+0,r ca5 c28=,5#a+25 3, #, := a4a+5# a

cr,6+2ro 02 0a# a cla+8 92r #:==2r

o D:, 37 4ra:+2:# +l, +02: =r,


44/78


o B7 2=,ra+25 29 la> a56

E+54:+#0,# 320 6,3#

o T2 0, c25c:rr,5 a82:5

E,5 02:40 0, cr,6+2r# a56 6,32r#

Ar, 52 a>ar, 29 0, c28=,5#a+25.

A,-. 1243. Pa78,5 8a6, 2 0, cr,6+2r 37 0,6,32r A9,r 0, la,r 0a# 3,,5 02 c2ll,c# 0, 6,3

o S0all 3, l+a3l, 2 0, 20,r#

o F2r 0, #0ar, +5 0, 23l+4a+25C2rr,#=256+54 2 0,8.

A,-. 1217. Pa78,5 8a6,

B7 25, 29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r#

o E+54:+#0,# 0, 23l+4a+25.

I9 >2 2r 82r, #2l+6ar7 6,32r# O,r 2 =a7

o T0, cr,6+2r 8a7 c022#,

o 0+c0 2,r 2 acc,=.

H, >02 8a6, 0, =a78,5

o Ma7 cla+8 9r28 0+# c2'6,32r#

o O5l7 0, #0ar, >0+c0 c2rr,#=256# 2 ,ac0

+0 0, +5,r,# 92r 0, =a78,5 alr,a67

8a6,.

I9 0, =a78,5 +# 8a6, 3,92r, 0, 6,3 +# 6:,

o N2 +5,r,# 92r 0, +5,r,5+54 =,r+26 8a7 3,6,8a56,6.

0,5 25, 29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r# ca552

o B,ca:#, 29 0+# +5#2l,5c7

R,+83:r#, 0+# #0ar, 2 0, 6,32r

o Pa7+54 0, 23l+4a+25

S:c0 #0ar, #0all 3, 32r5, 37 all 0+# c2'6,32r#

o I5 =r2=2r+25 2 0, 6,3 29 ,ac0.

ralc $$


45/78


6. NOVATIONARTS. 121$13/4 1215

INDS O( NOVATIONA. AS TO ITS NATURE I. SUB0ECTIVE , PERSONAL ART. 121? 2 3

II. OB0ECTIVE , REAL $ ART. 121 ? 1

B. AS TO ITS (OR! I. E#PRESS ART. 122 II. I!PLIED ART. 122

C. OTHER !ODES

SECTION ". ' N2a+25A,-. 121. O3l+4a+25# 8a7 3, 826+;,6 371. Chan4in40,+r 23 23l+4a+25#

B, 25 ,,r7 =2+5 in3o0/ati2le>+0 ,ac020,r.

A,-. 123. N2a+25 >0+c0 c25#+## +5 S:3#+:+54 a 5,> 6,32r

o I5 0, =lac, 29 0, 2r+4+5al 25,

Ma7 3, 8a6, ,,5

o +02: 0, 52>l,64, 2r

o A4a+5# 0, >+ll 29 0, la,r (2r+4+5al 25,)

B: 52 >+02: 0, c25#,5 29 0,

cr,6+2r.

Pa78,5 37 0, 5,> 6,32r

o G+,# 0+8 0, r+40#

o M,5+25,6 +5 Ar+cl,# 1%&" a56 1%&/.

A,-. 124. I9 0, #:3#+:+25 +#o +02: 0, 52>l,64, 2r

o A4a+5# 0, >+ll 29 0, 6,32r

T0, 5,> 6,32r# +5#2l,5c7 2r

N259:l;ll8,5 29 0, 23l+4a+25#

S0all 52 4+, r+#, 2 a57 l+a3+l+7

O5 0, =ar 29 0, 2r+4+5al 6,32r.

A,-. 125. T0, +5#2l,5c7 29 0, 5,> 6,32r 02 0a# 3,,5 =r2=2#,6 37 0, 2r+4+5al 6,32r

a56 Acc,=,6 37 0, cr,6+2r

o S0all 52 r,+, 0, ac+25 29 0, la,ro A4a+5# 0, 2r+4+5al 23l+42r

Ec,= >0,5 #a+6 +5#2l,5c7

a# alr,a67 ,+#+54 a56 29 =:3l+c

52>l,64, 2r K52>5 2 0, 6,32r >0,5 0, 6,l,4a,6

0+# 6,3.

A,-. 126. 0,5 0, =r+5c+=al 23l+4a+25 +#,+54:+#0,6 I5 c25#,?:,5c, 29 a 52a+25

o Acc,##2r7 23l+4a+25# 8a7 #:3#+#o O5l7 +5#29ar a# 0,7 8a7 3,5,; 0+r6

=,r#25# 02 6+6 52 4+, 0,+r c25#,5.

A,-. 127. I9 0, 5,> 23l+4a+25 +# 2+6 T0, 2r+4+5al 25, #0all #:3#+#

o U5l,## T0, =ar+,# +5,56,6

T0a 0, 92r8,r r,la+25 #02:l6 3,

,+54:+#0,6 I5 a57 ,,5.

A,-. 128. T0, 52a+25 +# 2+6 I9 0, 2r+4+5al 23l+4a+25 >a# 2+6

o Ec,=

0,5 a55:l8,5 8a7 3, cla+8,6 25l7 37

0, 6,32r 2r 0,5 ra+;ca+25 al+6a,# ac# >0+c0

ar, 2+6a3l,.

A,-. 12. I9 0, 2r+4+5al 23l+4a+25 >a# #:3 23l+4a+25

o S0all 3, :56,r 0, #a8, c256++25

U5l,## + +# 20,r>+#, #+=:la,6.

A,-. 13//. S:3r24a+25 29 a 0+r6 =,r#25 I5 0, r+40# 29 0, cr,6+2r

o I# ,+0,r l,4al 2r c25,5+25al.

T0, 92r8,r (l,4al #:3r24a+25) +# 52 =r,#:8,6

o Ec,= +5 ca#,# ,=r,##l7 8,5+25,6 +5 0+#C26,

T0, la,r (c25,5+25al #:3r24a+25) 8:# 3,

cl,arl7 ,#a3l+#0,6o I5 2r6,r 0a + 8a7 a, ,,c.

CONVENTIONAL SUBROGATIONA,-. 13/1. C25,5+25al #:3r24a+25 29 a 0+r6=,r#25 R,?:+r,# 0, c25#,5

o O9 0, 2r+4+5al =ar+,# a56

o O9 0, 0+r6 =,r#25.

LEGAL SUBROGATION

A,-. 13/2. I +# =r,#:8,6 0a 0,r, +# l,4al#:3r24a+25 >0,51. A cr,6+2r =a7# a520,r cr,6+2r

02 +# =r,9,rr,6

E,5 >+02: 0, 6,32r# 52>l,64,

%. A 0+r6 =,r#25 52 +5,r,#,6 +5 0, 23l+4a+25=a7# +0 0, ,=r,## 2r ac+ a==r2al

O9 0, 6,32r

&. E,5 >+02: 0, 52>l,64, 29 0, 6,32r a=,r#25 +5,r,#,6 +5 0, 9:l;ll8,5 29 0,23l+4a+25 =a7#

+02: =r,


46/78


o B, 0,7 4:ara52r# 2r =2##,##2r#29 82r4a4,#

o S:3028 =ar+al =a78,5 0a#3,,5 8a6, Ma7 ,,rc+#, 0+# r+40 92r 0, r,8a+56,r a56

H, #0all 3, =r,9,rr,6 T2 0, =,r#25 >02 0a# 3,,5 #:3r24a,6 +5 0+#

=lac,o I5 +r:, 29 0, =ar+al =a78,5

o O9 0, #a8, cr,6+.

A,-. 1215.o N2a+25

o c28=,5#a+25

o c259:#+25 2r

o r,8+##+25 29 0, 6,3

Ma6, 37

o A57 29 0, #2l+6ar7 cr,6+2r# 2r

o +0 a57 29 0, #2l+6ar7 6,32r# S0all ,+54:+#0 0, 23l+4a+25

+02: =r,,ll a# 0, >02 c2ll,c# 0, 6,3

o S0all 3, l+a3l, 2 0, 20,r#

o F2r 0, #0ar, +5 0, 23l+4a+25C2rr,#=256+54 2 0,8.

ralc $"


47/78


II. CONTRACTSARTS. 13/5$1422

A. IN GENERAL1. DE(INITION ARTS. 13/5

AUTO$CONTRACT ARTS. 1411646 18/

2. ELE!ENTS O( CONTRACTS@. ESSENTIAL@@. NATURAL@@@. ACCIDENTAL

B. (UNDA!ENTALCHARACTERISTICS=PRINCIPLES O(CONTRACTS

1. CONSENSUALITY O( CONTRACTS ARTS. 13/5 1317CONTRACT O( ADHESION

2. AUTONO!Y O( CONTRACTS ARTS. 13/6 17 2/88 213/

3. !UTUALITY O( CONTRACTS ARTS. 13/8$1/ 1182

ACCELERATION CLAUSEESCALATION CLAUSE

4. OBLIGATORY (ORCE O(CONTRACTS ARTS. 115 1315$16 74

5. RELATIVITY O( CONTRACTS ARTS. 1311$14 1177$78 1381+3)PRIVITIY O( CONTRACTS

C. CLASSI(ICATION O( CONTRACTS1. ACCORDING TO DEGREE O(

DEPENDENCE@. PREPARATORY ARTS.

147 1767 1868

@@. PRINCIPAL ARTS. 14581638 1642 133 162@@@. ACCESSORY ARTS. 2/47

2/852. ACCORDING TO PER(ECTION

@. CONSENSUAL ARTS.1315 1475

@@. REAL ARTS. 1316 134@@@. (OR!AL ARTS. 1356

3. ACCORDING TO SOLE!NITY OR(OR! ARTS. 1356

@. ANY (OR!@@. SPECIAL (OR!

4. ACCORDING TO PURPOSE@. TRANS(ER O(

OWNERSHIP ARTS. 7251458 1638

@@. CONVEYANCE O( USE ARTS. 562 1642 133

@@@. RENDITION O( SERVICE ARTS. 1642 1868

5. ACCORDING TO NATURE O(OBLIGATION PRODUCED

@. BILATERAL ARTS. 16421458

@@. UNILATERAL ARTS. 2/472/3

6. ACCORDING TO CAUSE ARTS.135/

@. ONEROUS ARTS. 14581638 1642@@. GRATUITOUS OR

LUCRATIVE ARTS. 725133

@@@. RE!UNERATORY7. ACCORDING TO RIS

@. CO!!UTATIVE@@. ALEATORY ART. 2/1/

8. ACCORDING TO NA!E@. NO!INATE

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Atty Uribe - Civil Law Review 2 - Codal Provisions