(Aug 12) NE - Merged Class Survival Guide

Prepared by: N. ENDSIN, P.ENG. 8/22/2012

NORBERT ENDSIN’S

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“CLASS SURVIVAL GUIDE”

MacPhail School of Energy

Bachelor of Applied Technology - Petroleum Engineering

N. ENDSIN, P.ENG. ( 284 – 8288 ) Printout Date: 20 Aug-03


SAIT - BAPET PROGRAM

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

LAB AND CLASSROOM GUIDELINES

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The intent of the following guidelines are to protect the health of students and instructors by providing for a safe

working environment during labs and classes and also to establish a responsible professional working relation-

ship between students and instructors. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1) No smoking in classrooms and/or labs.

2) No food or drinks in classrooms and/or labs.

3) Safety Glasses and Lab Coats will be provided and must be worn by students and instructors during any labs involving the use of potentially hazardous chemicals and/or equipment.

4) Eating and/or Drinking in the vicinity of labs may be restricted if potentially hazardous chemicals are being used. (i.e.: propane, toluene, acetone or any other flammable or poisonous chemical).

5) Assignments and Labs:

5.1) Students who have not submitted labs or assignments by the due date shall automatically lose one half (1/2) their lab or assignment mark.

5.2) Students who do not submit labs or assignments within two class days after the due date shall automatically get '0' in that assignment or lab.

5.3) Students failing to meet lab and/or assignment due dates may at the discretion of the instructor be given recourse privileges.

5.4) Students must pass both the lab and the theory portions in order to obtain a passing grade in a subject.

6) Quizzes and Examinations:

6.1) Quizzes and/or Exams shall be given periodically during class time (or a mutually agreed upon time outside of the regular classroom schedule), to determine student progress and understanding of material covered and to establish a grade for the student.

6.2) Students caught cheating and/or copying any assignment, lab, quiz or exam shall automatically be given a '0' for that particular assignment, lab, quiz or exam. (NOTE: Cheating or copying can result in expulsion from the program.)

6.3) Students failing to attend classes or labs in which quizzes, exams, assignmnents and/or lab experiments were given shall automatically get a '0' for that particular quiz, exam or lab.

6.4) Students coming in late for exams, labs and/or quizzes may at the discretion of the instructor be allowed to

participate, however, they will not be given extra time over the other students in attendance.

6.5) Students are expected to come prepared for exams, quizzes and labs and will not be given special consideration by the instructor due to their own lack of preparation. (i.e.: bring all necessary items; pens, pencils, fully charged calculators, rulers, etc.)

6.6) Students obtaining a failing grade in the course must register as a repeat student and complete the course successfully.

6.7) Students failing to meet any of the above guidelines may at the discretion of the instructor be given recourse privileges in the event of unavoidable adverse circumstances.







ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS

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The intent of the following guidelines are to ensure “CLARITY”, “CONSISTENCY” and “PROFESSIONALISM”

using “industry accepted” software and practices in all course work submitted for evaluation. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1) Computer software (i.e.: MSWORD, MSEXCEL, MSPOWERPOINT, etc.) is to be used to prepare all assignments – “NO EXCEPTIONS” !

NOTE: The first time 50% of the assignment mark will deducted if software not used.

Any following occurrences will result in a mark of zero being assigned.

2) All Tables and Graphs are expected to have the following:

2.1 Proper Titles (or headings). 2.2 Table, Graph or Figure number. 2.3 Graph axis properly labeled with units clearly shown 2.4 Table Column headings with units clearly shown. 2.5 Proper alignment of columns and column headings. 2.6 All important lines, points and/or regions clearly labeled. Etc.

3) All Maps, Figures, Diagrams, Drawings, etc. are expected to have the following:

3.1 Proper Titles (or headings) 3.2 Figure number. 3.3 Map Scale with units clearly shown 3.6 All important lines, points and/or regions clearly labeled. Etc.

4) All Equations and Variables are expected to be presented with appropriate symbols, characters, etc.

Use “Math Type” or “Equation Editor” in MSWORD, MSEXCEL or MSPOWERPOINT.

Also “Character Map” may be used as part of the Microsoft Windows operating system to “insert” appropriate characters and/or symbols.

5) “Spelling and Grammar” count! Marks will be deducted for all spelling and grammar errors.

6) “Presentation and Formatting” count! Your assignments are to be presented as “Professional Reports” and should “look professional” and have material organized in a “neat and organized” manner on the page.

7) Use proper “References” with “footnotes” all clearly stated when presenting material not created by

yourself. “Plagiarism” is unacceptable and a mark of zero will result.

8) Make sure to “follow all instructions” given by your instructor both “verbal” and “written” or marks will be deducted.

9) Remember: “YOU” are responsible for coming to class and making sure you make appropriate notes of all

the materials given in class (both written and orally presented) . If you miss a class it is your responsibility to “catch-up” and get the appropriate information, handouts, etc. that you missed.

10) Your assignments are expected to be “Professional Reports” presented in a “timely manner” (“on

time”). Late assignments (1 or 2 days late) are evaluated out of 50% of the original mark. Assignments

more than 2 days late are worth zero (0) marks. Exceptions for extreme circumstances only (i.e.: health, bereavement, etc.).







EXAMINATION GUIDELINES

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The intent of the following guidelines are to ensure academic “fairness” and “integrity” on all exams and/or quizzes for all students in our programs. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1) Cellular phones, computers, etc., must be turned off before the start of the examination unless specifically allowed as stated by the instructor/invigilator prior to the examination commencement. Students disrupting examinations by the use of this type of technology will be evicted from the examination room.

2) Any student who is scheduled to write three examinations during a 24-hour period or two examinations

at the same time, is considered to have an “examination conflict”, and may apply to reschedule an examination, through the department.

3) Students who miss final examinations will not be allowed to write a makeup exam. Exceptions may be

made in extraordinary situations such as documented illness or bereavement. In such cases, the students

may be allowed to write a deferred final examination on approval of the program chair. Students should notify the Department office of their pending absence from an examination, for any reason, prior to the examination date, if possible.

4) Students who arrive more than thirty minues later than the scheduled examination time, will not be

allowed to enter the examination room without the consent of the invigilator/instructor, and will be

assigned a zero (0) grade for the examination. No student will be allowed to leave the examination room until thirty minutes or more have elapsed.

5) A student who becomes ill during an examination should deliver his/her incomplete examination to the

invigilator, and proceed, immediately to SAIT Health Services for a signed medical certificate verifying ill health. The student may be allowed to write a deferred examination pending a decision from the program chair.

6) Only required exam material will be allowed at the student’s examination desk. Books, bags, knapsacks and all other personal belongings must be left at the entrance to the examination room or in an assigned area for these items.

7) Use of dictionaries and/or translators, will not be allowed during examinations, unless specified on the course outline.

8) Students may be required to produce picture ID (SAIT ID or Driver’s Licence, etc.) and may be required to

sign a class list as proof of attendance.

9) Students may not leave the room during the course of the examination except under extreme

circumstances (ill health, etc.) and should obtain consent of the invigilator prior to leaving.

10) Examination invigilators may or may not answer any exam related questions depending upon the information relayed by the invigilator/instructor to the students prior to the exam.



Prepared by: N. ENDSIN, P.ENG. BAPT PROGRAM Page 1


PRESENTATION OF ANSWERS & FORMATTING OF UNITS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The intent of the following guidelines are to provide the student with the required format for presentation

of graphs and answers when submitting assignments, lab work, quizzes, exams and any other work required in the determination of a mark or grade for the student. If the following guidelines are not followed, the student

may (at the sole discretion of the instructor) lose marks for the work submitted. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1) When presenting calculation type problems for grading, always show the following:

a) The EQUATION (or equations), in variable form, used in solving the problem.

b) The complete SUBSTITUTION into the equations required to solve the problem.

c) The FINAL ANSWER in both S.I. UNITS and IMPERIAL UNITS where applicable.

2) In the formatting of units when expressing final answers use the following:

a) Liquid Volumes of OIL, WATER, LPG's, etc. Conditions Imperial Units S.I. Units Reservoir Press. & Temp. Reservoir Barrels Reservoir Cubic Meters

(abbrev. = RB) (abbrev. = Rm3) Standard or STP Conditions Stock Tank or Standard Stock Tank or Standard Barrels Cubic Meters

(abbrev. = STB) (abbrev. = Sm3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NOTES: Standard or STP Conditions are as follows:

14.7 psia & 60 °F ................... (Imperial Units)

101.325 kpa.a & 15 °C ...... (S.I. Units)

also: Ablsolute Pressures are as follows:

PSIA = guage pressure (psig) + 14.5 psia (Imperial Units)

kPa.a = guage pressure (kPa.g) + 101.325 kPa.a (S.I. Units) Ablsolute Temperatures are as follows:

°R = Degrees Rankine = °F + 460 (Imperial Units)

K = Kelvin = °C + 273 (S.I. Units) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Prepared by: N. ENDSIN, P.ENG. BAPT PROGRAM Page 2

SAIT – BAPET FORMATTING GUIDELINES ( Continued……. )

b) Gas Volumes of Natural Gas, Steam , etc. Conditions Imperial Units S.I. Units Reservoir Press. & Temp. Reservoir Cubic Feet Reservoir Cubic Meters

(abbrev. = RCF) (abbrev. = Rm3) Standard or STP Conditions Standard Cubic Feet Standard Cubic Meters

(abbrev. = SCF) (abbrev. = Sm3)

3) When expressing very large or very small magnitude numbers use the following:

- use 'Significant Figures' whenever possible or practical.

- use 'Engineering Notation' (i.e.: 10-6, 10-3, 103, 106, 109 ) whenever possible or practical.

a) Examples of Liquid Volumes: Conditions Imperial Units S.I. Units Reservoir Press. & Temp. 2.523 x 103 RB 6.5 23 x 106 Rm3

Standard or STP Conditions 3.451 x 103 STB 5.241 x 103 Sm3

b) Examples of Gas Volumes: Conditions Imperial Units S.I. Units Reservoir Press. & Temp. 2.523 x 109 RCF 6.5 23 x 106 Rm3

Standard or STP Conditions 3.451 x 109 SCF 5.241 x 103 Sm3

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NOTE: Sometimes in the Imperial System of Units ONLY, the following prefixes are used to express large volumes; MSCF or MSTB ............ designating 103 or Thousands MMSCF or MMSTB ............ designating 106 or Millions BSCF or BSTB ............ designating 109 or Billions TSCF or TSTB ............ designating 1012 or Trillions

- under no circumstances are the above prefixes to be used with S.I. Units. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5) When constructing GRAPHS and/or TABLES use the following:

a) All graphs and tables should be prepared as stand alone items in any report. (i.e.:

complete with labelled axis, detailed headings and Figure or Table numbers)

b) All graphs should be constructed on proper graph paper (not engineering paper, squared paper or lined paper) and should have the axis clearly labelled and

units shown.

N. ENDSIN, P. ENG. (403) 284-8288 22-Aug-12

METRICATION DATA SUMMARY TABLE

I. LENGTH or DISTANCE: 1cm = 0.394 in 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 ft = 0.305 m 1 m = 3.281 ft 1 yd = 3 ft 1 yd = 0.915 m 1 m = 1.092 yd 1 mile = 1.6 km 1 km = 0.625 miles 1 mile = 5,280 ft

II. WEIGHT or MASS: 1 gm = 0.036 oz 1 oz = 28.0 gm 1 lb = 453.6 gm 1 lb = 0.454 kg 1 kg = 2.205 lb 1 gm = 2.2 x 10-3 lbs 1 metric tonne = 1.1 short tons 1 short ton = 0.91 metric tonnes 1 metric tonne=1000 kg 1 short ton=907 kg 1 (US)short ton=2000 lbs 1 long ton=2240 lb

FORCE: 1 Newton =105 dynes = 0.102 kg = 0.2248 lbs 1 lb force = 0.4536 kg = 4.448 Newtons

III. TEMPERATURE: IV. HEAT CONTENT Related Conversions:

°F = 1.8 (°C ) + 32 °R = 460 + °F °R = K x 1.8 1 BTU = 1054.35 Joules = 1.05435 x 10-6

GJ $1/MSCF $35.305/1000 m3

°C = 5/9 (°F - 32) K = 273 + °C K = °R ÷ 1.8 1 MMBTU 1 MSCF 1.05435 GJ $1/GJ $37.80137/1000 m3

0° K = 0° R 1 GJ 0.9482 MSCF 1 BTU/SCF = 37.256 x 10-6

GJ/Sm3

V. AREA: 1 cm2 = 0.152 in2 1 in2 = 6.452 cm2 1 acre = (208.71 ft)2 = 43,560 ft2

1 acre =1.562 x 10-3 mi2 1 acre = 4047 m2 = 0.4047 ha 1 section = 640 acres = 259 ha 1 mi2 = 2 589 988 m2 1 ha = 10 000 m2 1 ft2 = 0.093 m2 1 m2 = 10.752 ft2

VI. VOLUME: 1 STB = 0.159 Sm3 = 5.615 ft3 1 m3 = 35.33 ft3 = 6.289 STB 1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3

1 m3 = 0.03532 MCF 1 m3 = 1 x 106 cm3 1 cm3 = 3.531 x 10-5 ft3

1 MCF = 28.174 m3 1 ml = 1 cm3 1 ft3 = 28 317.016 cm3

1 ac-ft = 0.123 ha-m 1 ac-ft = 7758 STB 1 ha-m = 8.111 ac-ft 1 ac-ft = 3.26 x 105 US Gal. 1 ac-ft = 43,560 ft3 1 ha-m = 10 000 m3

1 liter= 0.88 Imp.Qt =1.056 US Qt 1 Imp.Gal.= 4.546 liters 1 US Gal. = 3.785 liters 1 liter=0.264 US Gal=0.22 Imp.Gal 1 Imp.Gal. = 1.2 US Gal. 1 US Gal. = 0.833 Imp.Gal. 1 liter=1 x 10-3 m3=1000 cm3 1 Imp.Gal.= 0.161 ft3 1 US Gal.= 0.134 ft3

1 Imp.Gal.=4 Imp.Qts 1 Imp.Gal.= 0.00455 m3 1 US Gal.= 0.00379 m3

1 STB = 35 Imp.Gal.= 42 US Gal. 1 Imp.Qt.=1.136 liters 1 US Qt.= 0.947 liters 1 lb-mole = 379 ft3 @ STP 1 gm-mole = 22.414 liters @ 0° C & 101.325 kPa.a

VII. PRESSURE: 1 psi = 6.895 kPa 1 kPa = 0.145 psi 1 atm = 76 cm Hg = 1033 cm H 2 0 1 psi = 6 895 N/m2 1 kPa = 1000 N/m2 1 atm = 29.92 in Hg = 406.8 in H 2 O 1 atm = 14.7 psia = 101.325 kPa.a

VIII. DENSITY: 1 lb/US Gal.=119.789 kg/m3 1 kg/m3 = 0.00835 lb/US Gal. 1 gm/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3

1 lb/cu ft = 16.0185 kg/m3 ss = 2.65 g/cc AEUB Heavy Oil 900 kg/m3 0.9 g/cc

IX. PERMEABILITY: 1 darcy = 1000 md 1 md = 10-3 darcies 1 md = 10-3 µm2 1 md (Imp) = 0.987 md (S.I.)

X. GAS/OIL RATIOS: 1 SCF/STB = 0.1773 Sm3/Sm3 1 Sm3/Sm3 = 5.640 SCF/STB

XI. VISCOSITY: 1 poise = 1 dyne-sec/cm2 = 1 gm/sec-cm 1 cp = 1/100 poise 100 cp = 1 poise 1 Pa.s = 1000 cp 1cp = 0.001 Pa.s = 1 mPa.s

XII. SPECIFIC GRAVITY: for liquids: SG = (density of liquid)/(density of water) where: w = 1 gm/cc for gases: SG = (molecular wt. of gas)/(mol. wt. of air) where: MWair = 28.964 Avg. Gas S.G. = 0.6 – 0.8

XIII. °API GRAVITY: XIV. STANDARD CONDITIONS (STP): °API @ STP = ( 141.5/SG ) - 131.5 Imp.Units = 14.65 psia & 60 °F Avg. Oil API = 30 – 40 AEUB Heavy Oil = 25.72 API S.I. Units = 101.325 kPa.a & 15 °C

XV. GAS LAW UNITS TABLE: XVI. USEFUL EQUATIONS: Pressure (P) Volume (V) Temperature (T) moles (n) Gas Constant (R) atm cm3 K gm-moles 82.057 Bg = ZT Psc Bgi = Zi P atm liters K gm-moles 0.082057 P Tsc Bg Pi Z atm ft3 °R lb-moles 0.7302 psia ft3 °R lb-moles 10.732 Bt = Bo + Bg ( Rsi – Rs ) kPa m3 K gm-moles 0.008316

kPa cm3 K gm-moles 8316 Rp Rs + Kg uo Bo

XVI. EQUIVALENCY CONVERSIONS:

1 BOE (40 API OIL) = 5.76 E+06 BTU = 5.76 MSCF Gas = 6.06 GJ (Canada’s National Energy Board – NEB)


REVIEW OF LOGARITHMS AND NATURAL LOGARITHMS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A) Common Logarithms: (Logs to the base "10" )

if: X = 10Y i.e. : 100 = 102

Log10(X) = Y Log10(100) = 2

or Log(X) = Y Log(100) = 2

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B) Natural Logarithms: (Logs to the base "e" ; where e = 2.718281828459045. . . .)

if: X = eY i.e. : 20.1 = e3

Loge(X) = Y Loge(20.1) = 3

or Ln(X) = Y Ln(20.1) = 3

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C) Relationship Between "Ln(X)" and "Log(X)" : Ln(X) = 2.303 x Log(X) Log(X) = 0.4342 x Ln(X)

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D) Solving Equations Using Logarithms:

if: 84 = (7.6)X if: 84 = (7.6)X

Log(84) = Log(7.6)X Ln(84) = Ln(7.6)X

or = X Log(7.6) or = X Ln(7.6) therefore: X = Log(84) = 1.9243 X = Ln(84) = 4.4308 Log(7.6) 0.8808 Ln(7.6) 2.0281

X = 2.1847 X = 2.1847

(NOTE: Same rules apply for both common & natural logs when solving equations.)

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E) Rules For Working With Logarithms: i) Ln(X) - Ln(Y) = Ln(X/Y) and Log(X) - Log(Y) = Log(X/Y) ii) Ln(X) + Ln(Y) = Ln(X Y) and Log(X) + Log(Y) = Log(X Y) iii) Ln(X)Y = Y Ln(X) and Log(X)Y = Y Log(X)



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(Aug 12) NE - Merged Class Survival Guide