AUSD NGSS Biology Unit 1a CFA Post - Mr. Waggonerwaggonermatt.weebly.com/.../2/...ausd_ngss_biology_unit_1a_cfa_pos… · AUSD NGSS Biology Unit 1a CFA Post ... human liver cell

Alvord USD Assessment Science Next Gen

Grades 912 ID: 211720

AUSD NGSS Biology Unit 1a CFA Post

Directions: Read the question. Fill in the bubble next to the corresponding question number on your answer sheet.

Sample Question Sample Answer Sheet

Sample Item Not Available

1. A B C D

2. A B C D

3. A B C D

4. A B C D

5. A B C D

1 A mutation arises in the gene that determines color in Betta fish. The mutation changes the DNA sequence of the gene, but does not affect the color of the Betta fish. This can occur because the A DNA sequence does not really code for proteins that determine color.

B mutation did not change the protein, which determines the color.

C gene that determines color proteins is immune to all mutations.

D mutation was repaired by messenger RNA.

2

The chart above can be used to figure out the amino acid sequence given an RNA base sequence. Protein K is disabled if any amino acids in the sequence are changed by mutation. The gene that codes for protein K has an RNA sequence of:

AUGCCUUCCGGAAGGUGA

Which of the following mutations will change the sequence of amino acids in protein K, thus disabling its function? A AUGCCAUCCGGAAGGUGA

B AUGCCUUCCAGAAGGUGA

C AUGCCUUCUGGAAGGUGA

D AUGCCUUCCGGACGGUGA

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AUSD NGSS Biology Unit 1a CFA Post | ID: 211720Generated: 9/2014

3 Cardiac muscle cells are found in the heart and smooth muscle cells are found in digestive organs. The major difference in these cells is in the A proteins that they produce.

B DNA that they contain.

C genes found in their DNA.

D type of energy they use.

4 The following cells are being studied closely for DNA patterns. Which of the following cells would you expect to have the same DNA sequence? Cell 1: human liver cell Cell 2: giraffe spinal cord cell Cell 3: giraffe liver cell Cell 4: alligator spinal cord cell A cell 1 and cell 3

B cell 2 and cell 3

C cell 2 and cell 4

D no two cells will have the same DNA



5 The picture below shows a single cell dividing to form two cells.

Which statement best explains why the two daughter cells develop into different types of cells? A Different genes are expressed in the neuron and in the epithelial cell.

B The inherited DNA is different in the neuron and in the epithelial cell.

C The cell that receives more genes develops into a neuron.

D The cell that undergoes a mutation develops into an epithelial cell.



6 Read the question and choose all that apply

The two cells in the diagram were taken from the same organism. Which statement(s) explain(s) why the structure and function of the cells differ?

A The cells have adapted different functions depending on their location.

B The cells produce different proteins which results in different functions.

C The cells have different DNA which results in different functions.

D The cells express different genes which leads to different cellular functions.

7 Read the question and choose all that apply

A mutation in a gene will lead to which of the following? A The structure of the protein might be altered

B The cell may not function properly

C The DNA sequence will not change

D The DNA sequence will change



8 Read the question and choose all that apply.

Albinism is a genetic mutation in people who do not produce melanin. Melanin is a brownish pigment (color) that contributes to skin color. In albinos the cells that are supposed to produce melanin exist but do not produce melanin. What is melanin?

A A gene

B A protein

C A DNA sequence

D A pigment



9

GCGAATGGCTCA

Use the above DNA sequence (gene) to answer the questions below.

Step 1: Write out the corresponding mRNA sequence for the gene.

Step 2: Use the genetic code chart provided to determine the amino acid sequence for this strand of mRNA.

Step 3: Assume a mutation occurred on the given DNA sequence and the fourth base (A) is replaced by a “T”, what are the mutated mRNA and amino acid sequences?

Step 4: Explain how this mutation, how would the structure and function of the resulting protein be affected?





For Question 10:

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a fatal genetic disorder, most commonly occurring in children, that results in progressive destruction of the nervous system. Tay-Sachs disease results from defects in a gene on chromosome 15 that codes for production of the enzyme hexosaminidase-A (Hex-A). Tay-Sachs is caused by the absence of a vital enzyme called Hex-A. Without Hex-A, a fatty substance, or lipid, called GM2 ganglioside accumulates abnormally in cells, especially in the nerve cells of the brain. This ongoing accumulation causes progressive damage to the cells. If either or both Hex-A genes are active, the body produces enough of the enzyme to prevent the abnormal build-up of the GM2 ganglioside lipid.

In children, the destructive process begins in the fetus early in pregnancy. However, a baby with Tay-Sachs disease appears normal until about six months of age when its development slows. By about two years of age, most children experience recurrent seizures and diminishing mental function. The infant gradually regresses, and is eventually unable to crawl, turn over, sit or reach out. Eventually, the child becomes blind, cognitively impaired, paralyzed and non-responsive. By the time a child with Tay-Sachs is three or four years old, the nervous system is so badly affected that death usually results by age five.

10 Read the passage and answer the question below.

Explain how this passage provides evidence that the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions for life?



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AUSD NGSS Biology Unit 1a CFA Post - Mr. Waggonerwaggonermatt.weebly.com/.../2/...ausd_ngss_biology_unit_1a_cfa_pos… · AUSD NGSS Biology Unit 1a CFA Post ... human liver cell