Beeth, M. 447 Benke, G. 81 Bernhard, J. 323 Besson, U. 221 Boohan, R. 361 Buck, P. 31

Clement, P. 89

De Jong, O. 371 Diaz de Bustamante, 1. 249 Dragsted, S. 395 Duit, R. 269,447,459 Duprez, C. 99

Edwards, M. 425 Evans, H. R. 395 Fassoulopoulos, G. 343 Fischer, H. E. 19,309,459 Fischler, Helmut 459 Fisher, D. 405

Galili, 1. 231 Gil-Perez, D. 9,425 Goedhart, M. 31 Goldberg, F. 309 Gonida, E. 107 Grace, M. 241 Graber, W. 31 Gutierrez, R. 43

Halkia, K. 415 Hand, B. 163 Hellden, G. 61 Hirvonen, P. 173 Hucke, F. 309 Hucke, L. 309

Jeannin, L. 51 Jimenez Aleixandre, M.P. 249 Jorde, D. 309 Juuti, K. 333

AUTHOR INDEX

471

Kanari, Z. 117 Kaper, W. 31 Kariotoglou, P. 259,343 Kiosseoglou, G. 107 Koballa, T. 31 Komorek, M. 269 Kounatidou, C. 343

Lavonen, J. 333 Lega, J. 221 Lehavi, Y. 231 Linder, C. 21 Linn, M. 297

Marton, F. 31 Maurines, L. 127 McGuigan, L. 277 Meheut, M. 99 Meisalo, V. 333 Mikropoulos, T. 353 Millar, R. 3, 117 Mortimer, E. 69 M01ler Andersen, A. 395

Niedderer, H. 137,309

Ogborn, J. 361 Ostermeier, C. 447 Otto, F. 309

Peterson, S. 191 Petri, J. 137 Pilatou, V. 145 Pinto, R, 435 Praia, J. 425 Prain, V. 163 Prenzel, M. 447 Psillos, D. 107,259 Ratcliffe, M. 241 Reigosa, C. 249 Roth,1. 155 Russell, T. 277

Sander, F. 309 Santos, F.M.T. 69 Schwedes, H. 31 Simonneaux, L. 285 Sjoberg, S. 211 Slotta, J. 309 Sonnunen, K. 173 Spiliotopoulou, V. 31 Stadler, H. 81 Stamovlasis, D. 183 Stavridou, H. 19, 145 Stavrou, D. 269 Stromme, A. 309 Stylianidou, F. 361 Sumfleth, E. 459 Sorensen, H. 395

Tiberghien, A. 309 Tsagliotis, N. 31

AUTHOR INDEX

472

Tsaparlis, G. 183 Tytler, R. 191,447

Vasilis, T. 259 Viennot, L. 221,383

Viiri, J. 173 Vilches, A. 425

Vince, J. 309 Vogelezang, M. 31 Von Aufschnaiter, S. 155

Waldrip, B. 405 White, R. 19 Wickman, P.-O. 447

Yore, KL. 163

Zoller, U. 201

SUBJECT INDEX

A posteriori analysis 53, 56 a priori analysis 55, 56, 58 a priori scales 23 a priori/a posteriori analysis, comparison

58 Action Plan for Science and Society 220 Adam's pattern of argument 286 algorithmic (ALG) 201

- questions 202-205 alternative frameworks 11,15, 174 ANOVA 409,410 argumentative operations 249, 250, 252,

254,256,257 Assessment of Performance Unit (APU),

UK 117 atomic physics in upper secondary school

137 audio-recorded interviews 121 audio-taping 243

backward search hypotheses 164, 169 backward span test (BST) 184 ball-in-water questionnaire 226,227 beyond constructivism 16, see also

constructivism big science 213,214 biological conservation 241, 242

- decisions about 241 - - in peer group discussion 241 - issues 246

Bohr's planetary model of the atom 139, 142

Boxes investigation 118, 120 Bremen approach on atomic physics 139,

143

Carl's cognitive element atom 138 CBA V-method 51 CD-ROMs 343, 345, 346, 350

- in science 344, 349 - - analysis of 344, 346, 349, 350

chaining of (non)-understanding 35 chemical equilibrium problems 184

473

- solving 184, 188 chemical problem, 183,184

- establishment of 184 - logical structure 184 - Z-demand 184

chemical substance at secondary school, understanding 32

chemistry examination questions 202 children's learning

- characteristics 195 - insights 192

children's narratives of self 196 children's science ideas

- sense ofthemselves relationship 198 - ways of reasoning relationship 198 - wider lives relationship 198

children's science learning pathways 191 children's science understandings 191

- nature of growth 191 children's views of evaporation 192 classroom conditions 168, 169 classroom debates on biotechnology 285,

292 classroom intervention activities 280 classroom observations 20,25, 165,279,

456 cognitive layers 137-139, 143, 144

- of qualitative conceptions 137 - role of 137 - structure 13 8-144

cognitive psychology 117, 155,356 coherent body of knowledge 9-11,13,15 college science students HOCS or LaCS

preference 201 computer as learning partner (CLP) 297 computer modelling 361,362

- and simulation in science lessons 361 - tools 312,315,316,319,320

computer -based educational environments for science learning 353

474

concept of epistemological obstacle 89 concept of wave surface 127, 128 concept probes 279-281 conceptions 12,14,15,20,21,25-30,

33-35,38,39,61,63,64,89-97,113, 114,137-139,141,143-145,148, 176-178,191-193,195,215,270, 272,275,323,330,376,377,379, 447,455,461-464,466 - development of 192 - emergence of 192

conceptual appreciation 39 conceptual approaches 327,329 conceptual change 14,35,39,48,89,

107,109,137,139-141,143,263, 278,388,465 - addition 138 - literature 191 - problem 138 - qualities of 13 8 - research literature 137 - strategies 14 - strong revision 138 - teaching strategies 14 - weak revision 138

conceptual frameworks 168, 191,290 conceptual structure, research literature

137 conditions for life 61,63,65 constructivism 10, 12, 13, 16,25,77,

188,259,260,267 - beyond 16 - deconstructed 9, 10 - deconstruction 10 - educational 383 - individual 39 - in science education 9, 11, 13, 15 - paradigm of 38 - philosophical 11 - psychological 11 - rise and fall of 9 - social 39 - varieties of 10

constructivist - approach to science education 12, 13,16,178,266,466 - consensus 16 - epistemology 156 - orientations in science education 9 - perspective 99, 138,271,309,451 - positions 9, 14, 16

SUBJECT INDEX

- principles 383,448, 450, 454, 455 - proposals 14 - research 277 - teaching intervention 151, 153 - view oflearning 146, 191,334, 449

contemporary science teaching 201 conversation theory 44, 48

- and self-learning, relationships 43 cooperative learning of chemistry 466

- influences on cognition and interest 466

CPU static electricity and magnetism simulator 312,320

Cronbach coefficient alpha 397,398, 301,409-412

data collection 20,32,33,37,251,252, 314,315,449,461

data set 184, 185, 188 data sources 166,437,442,465 decision-making 39,201,202,206,241,

242,246,285,425,427,430,437 - exersises 242 - framework 243-245

decomposition 61, 64-66, 213 Delphi study 426 detail-oriented training 391 didactics 47,51,392

- research! teaching practice relation 383 - studies 51

digestion/excretion 89 - conceptions of 89

discursive tum in science education 69 domain of physics 107, 108

- metacognitive experiences 107

education research in the UK 4 education research, historical and

sociological studies and practices 5 education, content and context as

variables 21 educational multimedia software in

science, (FEVES) 343 educational reconstruction 269,271

- model 269,271,274 - process of 269, 270, 274

educational research - a 1998 review UK 4

SUBJECT INDEX

- mechanisms for funding in the EU 4 - potential users 4 - role of 7 - second-rate 3

electroencephalogram (EEG) imaging 356-358

emergent consensus 9 energy, understanding 32 English-language research 1975-1995 19

- methods of data collection 20 - people involved 21 - types of research 20 - use of statistics 20

epistemic authority 178 epistemic operations 249, 250, 252-254,

256,257 epistemological commitment 174, 178 epistemological obstacles 89,96 ESERA 2001 Conference 19-22,199,

211,323,459 - education in Europe 19 - empirical studies reported 20 - English-language research 1975-1995 19 - on information and communication technologies 19,26 - papers on chemical education 19, 26

ESERA 2001 research papers 19,21 European Labwork in Science Education

project 51 evaporation

- children's view 192 - understanding of pathways of growth 193

evidence-based education 4 evidence-based practice 4, 8 Excel as modelling tool to teach science

363-365 experimental classes' children 146 extreme inductivism 13 extreme relativism 13

fall of constructivism 10 Feyerabend 12 final questionnaire 243, 244 fish questionnaire 222, 226 fluid statics 222, 223

- teaching 221

475

Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE) test 325,326,327,328

Force Concept Inventory (FCI) test 325, 326

Force Concept Inventory, in the USA 6 forward search hypotheses 164, 169 forward search strategies 169 Framework of Evaluation of Educational

Software (FEVES) 343-345 framework of reasoning 138,142 functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

(fMRI) 356, 357

genetic epistemology 173 genre-related hypotheses 164 geometrical situation, reflection 127,

133,134 Giere 12 Glaserfeld's theses 10 grammatical metaphors 164 graphic representation implementation

440 gravitation 232, 235, 236, 238

- knowledge of 82 - teaching 231 - - weightlessness and tides 231 - universal law of 232

gravitational force 231,233,235,236, 239,277-280,282,283

group activities 71

higher-order cognitive skills (HOCS) 201 - acquisition of 201 - capabilities 201 - - critical thinking 201 - - decision making 201 - - problem solving 201 - - question asking 201 - problem solving 201 - oriented courses 202 - performances 204 - promoting examinations 202 - questions 201-206 - teaching and learning 201,202, 206

holding/thinking space 184 household electric appliances 145-147,

151, 153 household electric devices 145-147, 151,

152 humanities tracked programs 86

476

Hurst exponents 183,185-187 Huygens' principle 127-129,131,

133-135

individual constructivism, schools of 39 individual constructivist view of learning

191 infonnatic tools 361-363,366,367,439,

440 infonnation technology in science

education, research on 309 inner horizon 38 innovative teaching sequences,

implementation 442 instrument development 397,398 international standard for human-centred

design processes for interactive systems (ISO 13407) 334

interview data 20,63, 137, 177 interview questions 7, 140 Interview-About-Instances technique 35 interviews 20,26,27,29,30,33,35,45,

46,62-68,82,87, 100, 101, 120, 121, 143,165-167,176,177,192,193, 197,222,245,274,301,303,311, 336,339,362,375,442,456,461-463,465 - audiotaped 62 - concept maps 63 - in-depth 82 - post-instruction 139 - teachkack 45 - transcribed verbatim 62 - transcripts 63

ionic crystals, understanding 32 I-R-E pattern 76 iso-amplitude surface 130, 132, 135 IUFM 100

knowledge society 27 Kronos 2.4 software 51-53,55,56 Kuhn 12

laboratory discourse 249,250 laboratory work in science learning 249 Lakatos 12 Laudan 12 learning difficulties 27, 138,345,374-

379,443 learning science 77,89, 146, 198,212,

262,269,277,320,456,459

SUBJECT INDEX

learning-related variables 23 level raising education 32 lexical fields 55 linear statistics 88, 184 liquids, mesoscopic model of 221 logical structures 183-186,188,189,191

- development 191 - of problems 183, 186-188

longitudinal methodology 191 longitudinal research program 192 longitudinal studies 20,21,27,61,62,

191,192,196 long-range correlations 185,188 lower-order cognitive skills (LOCS) 201

- exercise solving 201 - perfonnances 204 - questions 201,203-205

Mac Shappa 1.0.3 software 52 Marton's idea ofphenomenography 36,

38 M-demand 183 meaning 24,33,35,36,38,40,52,53,

58,59,69,72-74,77,105,156,157, 164,166,212,217-219 - making 69,70,72,330 - polyphonic 69 - polysemous 69

meaningful quantitative evaluation 390 mechanistic reasoning 127 Media-tagger software 51 mental (M-space) capacity 183 mental demands problems 183, 188, 189 mesoscopic model of liquids 221 metacognitive abilities 355 metacognitive awareness 107, 108, 113,

114 metacognitive experiences 107-109 metacognitive measures 109, 111-113 method of analysis 166 methodology of phenomenology as

science education research tool 31 microcomputer based laboratory (MBL)

313,323-325,327,329,330,333, 335-337,340 - as a technological tool 323 - as cognitive tool 323 - experiments 344 - guide 333-340 - hypertext teacher's guide design 333

SUBJECT INDEX

- implementation in physics teaching 323 - technology 324,325,327,330 - tools 330, 334, 338, 339 - use of 333

misconceptions 25,34,89,166,231, 235,303,330

MTEBI 398-400 multi-layered cognitive structure 137 multi-layered understanding 137 multiple perspectives 137, 139

National reports 443 natural phenomena 35,62,271

- observations 29 - manipulations 29 - understanding 31

natural sciences 83,86 - orientations 82 - programs 86

neuropsychological methods - for the study of cognitive tasks for science learning 353 - for the study of mental conditions for science learning 353

neuroscience research 355 Newton's law of gravitation 232,236 Newtonian mechanics 46,139,143 non-conceptual approach 327 non-invasive imaging techniques

- for the study of cognitive tasks for science learning 353 - for the study of mental conditions for science learning 353

nonlinear physics 271,272,274,275 - analysis of content structure 272 - education 272 - epistemological aspects of 275 - in upper physics classes, educational reconstruction 269 - unit 273

nonlinearity, teaching and learning basic ideas 269

nonstationarity problem 188 novice researchers 11 NTA-project 451-452 NUD*IST software analysis program

192 null hypothesis 183, 185

477

obstacles 89,96,97,249,253,257,301, 323,362,436 - didactical 89,90,96 - epistemological 89, 90, 96 - psychological 89,90,96,97

OECD PISA project 7 operative schemata 184 oriented research 12, 16 oscilloscope 53,54,57,157,314,319 OSI discovery 452 outer horizon 38 papers

- on design and/or use of educational software 29 - on educational software in labwork 29 - on Internet or web-based projects 28

paradigm change 9 pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)

373-377 - conceptualization of 373, 374 - development 380 - of teachers 373 - research on 373 - - in the Netherlands 373 - sources for development 376-377 - study methods and techniques 373, 374

Pendulums investigation 118, 120 person's gender identity 82 person's relation to knowledge 82 person's self-perception of interests 82 personal epistemology 173, 174 phenomena explanations 231, 232 phenomenography 25,31-34,36-40

- as understood by Buck 36, 37 - methods 31,38 - perspective of 33

phenomenology 38, 39 physics education, gender differences 81 physics education, students' positions 81 physics experts 155 physics instruction 38,85,231,460-462,

464 - German 461 - learning processes 460 - processes 460 - teachers concepts 464 - teaching strategies 460, 464

478

physics tasks 113,155,156,160,251, 252

Piagetian framework 173 Piagetian interview 45 Piagetian positions 43 Piagetian presumption 191 Piagetian view of learning 191 Pickering's theory of scientific practice

259,267 planetary emergency, current situation,

science teachers' perceptions 425 policy-makers 4,5,264,361,389,438,

444 Popper, K. 12 positron emission tomography (PET)

imaging 356, 357 post-graduate physicists 157 post-instruction interviews 139 post-intervention interviews 35 post-test questionnaire 243 practical science investigations 117, 118

- data and conclusions 117 preconceptions 38,89, 145,325,330,

338,377 prediction-experiment debate 385 pre-intervention interviews 35 press science 416

- articles 415,417-419,422,423 - communication code and rhetoric in 415

pre-test questionnaire 148, 150, 151,24 primary school general teachers (PSGT)

415,417,419,420,422 primary science

- and technology education 406 - attitudes 412 - teachers' confidence 405

primary students' - conceptions 145 - representations 145 - science 406

probability of localization 13 9 problem solving 11,15,27,39,43,44,

107,158, 183, 184, 188, 189,201, 202,206,249,251,256,318,355, 356,465 - capabilities 203 - effect of working capacity on students performance in 183 - processes 299 - subject achievement scores in 184

SUBJECT INDEX

Procedural and Conceptual Knowledge in Science (PACKS) project 117

professional physicists, detailed investigation 155

Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 397 - German 449

psychological models 43 - artificial intelligence 43 - cognitive science 43 - social 43

psychometric test 184 psychometric variables 183

- developmental level 183 - disembedding ability 183

pupils' - conceptual change 277 - construction of knowlegde 11 - epistemic views 173-175, 179 - epistemological thoughts 175 - epistemological ideas 180 - epistemological conceptions 176 - generation of knowledge 11 - ideas about gravity 277 - metacognitive deficiencies 113 - metacognitive awareness 108,114 - metacognitive experiences 108, 113 - metacognitive estimations 110, 111,113 - metacognitive knowledge of tasks and goals 114 - own knowledge 177 - physics knowledge 372 - positive attitude on CD-ROMs 350 - production of knowledge 11 - thinking 179 - skills in decision-making 241

qualitative methods 334, 336 quantitative methods 24 question-by-question analysis 129 Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction

(QTI) 405-412 - scales of 407, 409-411

questionnaire-by-questionnaire analysis 129

questionnaires 15,24-27,29,30, 81, 82, 84,85,87,100,127,129-131,133, 145,146,222,225,226,232,243-

SUBJECT INDEX

245,274,378,398,405,418,419, 456,461,462,465 - about electricity 146 - ball-in-water 226, 227 - final 243 - fish 222,226 - post-test 147, 150, 152, 243, 245 - pre-test 148, 150, 151,243

representational redescription (R-R) 277-279,281-283 - cognitive developmental hypothesis 277,278,282 - model, explicitation 277

research findings 6,7,27, 168,206,305, 368,369

research methodologies 26, 354, 437 research methods 20,24,27-29,31,34,

38,40,192,285,462 research on pre-school children 21 research/teaching practice interaction

387 research-based teaching techniques 383\ science and technology (S&T) 211,212,

214-216,218-220 - competencies 216 - different areas of 211 - dissatisfaction with 212 - education 211,217,29 - for who 215 - high priority political concern in Europe 211 - in schools 215,217 - - trends and responses 217-220 - knowledge and skills 211 - physics instruction 464 - studies, recruitment 211 - teachers 215,219 - - expertise 462, 463 - - scripts 462

scaffolded knowledge integration 309, 310

scale invariant long-range correlations 183, 185

scheme of knowledge 138 Schon's coaching models 33 school science quality 447 school science teaching, video-based

studies 459 science classroom 70, 71, 77, 179,309,

311,320,361,362,367,405,408, 421,422,438-440,442

479

- discourse 69, 71 - - changing referential perspective 69 - practice 415

science curricula 153, 173, 180, 191, 217,218,241,310,345,362,368, 417,451

science education 9,69 - attitudes towards science 11 - body of know leg de 11 - clear line of demarcation 9 - concept learning 11 - constructivism in 9, 11 - constructivist approach 12 - constructivist approach, epistemological orientation 12 - constructivist positions in 9 - evaluation 11 - formal and informal learning in 315 - in Europe 23 - information processing in 183 - practical works 11 - press science 416 - problem solving 11 - quality development project in 447 - research 3-5,7,30,97, 184, 189, 269,333,353-358,395,425,451 - - brain research in 353 - - high-profile debate in UK 3 - - in France 89 - - instruments 395 - - tools 31 - scaffolding in 312 - school science 416 - studies on argumentation 286 - use of information technology in 309,310

science knowledge from informal sources 415

science learning 89 - insights into individual themes 61

science of education, 19th century 5 Science Teacher Training in an

Information Society (STTIS) 361, 436,442 - framework 367 - project 435-437,443,444 - research 361 - - team 436

480

science teacher training, european research project for new challenges 435

Science Teacher's Self-Efficacy Beliefs Instrument (STEBI) 395,397,399-401 - instruments 396,397,400-402 - transforming the standard instrument for 395 - -DK 395, 398-402 - use in Denmark 395

science teachers' perceptions on the current situation of planetary emergency 425

science teaching 107 - as part of university experience 34

science teachingllearning model 16 science teaching/learning problems 16 science war in the US 213 scientific culture 249 scientific knowledge 13 scientific literacy 7 scientific reasoning, aspects 117 scientific thought, understanding 31 scientific treatment of problems 15 secondary school science 164 secondary school science teachers (SSST)

415 secondary science, writing in 163 second-rate educational research 3 self-explanations 43 self-learning 43 semi-structured questionnaire 243 short-term studies 61 SimuiaSON - macro and micro models of

vibration/sound 312,313,314,318, 320

single-notion based reasoning 127 SiS research project 449 situated conceptions 95 social constructivism, schools of 39 social interactions 54 spatio-temporal setting 54 spontaneous utterance 164 STELLA, model building system 312,

314,315,316,319,320 stimulated recall interview 375 story-line method 376 STS course 245 STTIS project 435 student as a scientist 11

SUBJECT INDEX

Student Outcome Statements (SOS) 405, 411

student performance 183 students'

- conceptions on fluids 222 - discussions 290 - graphical representations 56 - interests 83 - reasoning about physics topics 7 - self-positioning with respect to knowing and knowledge 83

studies on argumentation in science education 286

subject matter knowledge, also content knowledge (CK) 373,377

SUSTAIN project 452,454

task design 168 teachback 45

- interview 45 teachers'

- classroom practices, European project 435, 437 - knowlegde 177 - transformations 361,367 - - influencing factors 367 - - on teaching strategies 383

teacher-student interactions 405 teaching and learning processes in

physics instruction 460 teaching learning sequences (TLSs) 259-

262, 264-267 - modelling the evolution of 259 - on fluids, evolution of 261,262

teaching practice 30,43, 53, 259, 298, 303,304,373,375,376,379,383, 386,387,402,439,455,466

teaching sequences 24, 51, 52, 58, 176, 195,198,221,223,261,269,271, 336,339,361,391,436,440 - description of 224 - design of 223, 384 - evaluation of 225 - fine-grained design of 388 - innovative 361,442 - research-based 383

teaching strategy 14, 15,201,202,302, 311,376,377,383,385,388,408, 436,438,442,443,464

techno-science 213,214 test of science-related attitudes 408

SUBJECT INDEX

Themecoder software 52 theoretical underpinnings 396 thermodynamics learning at university

level 99 - some difficulties 99

Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 397,448, 453,459,468 - tests 447-- video 461,462

tides, explanations of 231,232,235-238 TIMSS videotape classroom study 465 Toulmin 12 Toulmin 'pattern of argument 287 traditional classes' children 147 training materials 391,444

- development of 361,367,368 transcripts 33,34,51,53,62-64,69,74-

76,159,193,289,335,336

UN Conference on Environment and Development 1992 425

university level physics texbooks 231

Van Hiele's level-theory of concept formation in mathematics 32

vessels questionnaire 222, 225 video data 51,82, 158,316,460,461,

467,468 video recording 27,69, 117, 120,279,

442,465 videos, as instruments for taking data 51 video-tapped lessons 176 virtual reality (VR) systems 353, 355 visual reference marks 53-55 vygotskyan interview 45 vygotskyan positions 43

wave situations 127, 134 - interference 131

wave surface 127-135 - concept of 127, 128 - shape of 128-131,134,135

481

wave-envelope principle 128 ways of conceiving physics 85 web-based inquiry science environment

(WISE) 297,299,301-305,309-311, 320 - Cycles of Malaria project 297, 299-302,304,311 - experience 304 - inquiry map 301 - international collaboration 297 - learning environment 300, 310 - mentored professional development 301 - perspective on knowledge integration 297 - projects 28, 300, 302, 303, 311 - research 297,298,304,305 - - programs 297, 300, 304 - student learning 297-299, 301, 304 - teachers 297,298-305

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 184 weight, defmitions of 231-235,238 weightnessless explanations 232, 234,

237,238 whole class discussion 71 Work Package 1 439 Work Package 2 441 Work Package 4 443,444 Work Package 5 444 Work Package 7 444 working memory (WM) 188

- capacity 183, 188, 189 - hypothesis 183 - overload 183, 184 - random walk (WM-RW) 183, 185

Worldwatch annual dossiers 426

young people, 'pupils', epistemic views 175

young people's ideas about gravity 277

Z-demand 183-187, 189 zone of proximal development 44