Autocad 2d Module 19 PDF

8/14/2019 Autocad 2d Module 19 PDF

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Learning Outcomes:

AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules

AutoCAD 2DModule 19

Inquiry and Measurement

When you have completed this module, you wil l be able to:

1. Describe how to make inquiries about objects in your drawing using object properties

and the UNITS and DIST commands.2. Describe and apply the POINT, DIVIDE, and MEASURE commands.

Geometry Lesson

Triangles - Part 1

Study the figures below to about right angle triangles.

Inquiry and Measurement The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright 1993 - 2007 Module 19
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19 - 2 AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2007-04-12

Geometry Lesson

Using Circles to Measure

When you have to measure along an inclined line and you cannot use the OFFSET

command to make that measurement as shown in figure Step 1, use a circle to measure

with. Draw a construction circle with a 1 unit radius using the end of the inclined line as thecenter of the circle. By drawing a circle to measure with, all the points on the circle will bethe radius distance from the center of the circle as shown in the figure Step 2. Draw the0.60 Dia circle with its center at the intersection of the construction circle and the inclinedline as shown in the figure Step 3.

Step 1

Making Inquiries

Step 2 Step 3

There are commands available to find any size or location about the objects in your drawing.

Before you can use these commands, you must understand the importance of the UNITScommand.

Displaying Units

AutoCAD stores the accuracy of the objects properties and locations to a very high degree.When you display the objects properties or command AutoCAD to measure or return a locationof an object, it checks the settings in the UNITS command before displaying the answer to you.

The answers are always displays in drawing units but the precision and format of the answersis controlled by the settings in the UNITS command.

AutoCAD Command: UNITSThe UNITS command is used to set the way you would like AutoCAD to display inquiries aboutthe units of objects in the drawing.

Shortcut: UN



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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2007-04-12

AutoCAD Command: DISTThe DIST command is used to measure distances between two XY coordinate locations.

Shortcut: DI

2004-2008

2000-2002

Points

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A point is an AutoCAD object that when inserted on the drawing, is one pixel in size. It does

not have a length or height since it only has the properties of one XY coordinate.

Point Style

Since a point is nothing more then one pixel in size, it

will not display very well on the drawing. If it is under

an existing object like a line or a circle, it will not bevisible. Points can be set to appear as a style to makethem easier to see and used by the CAD Operator.The point style for the active drawing is set with thePoint Style dialogue box. To open the Point Style

dialogue box, select Point Style in the Format pull-down, See Figure 19-1 and 19-2. The size of the pointstyle can be set to be relative with the screen size or an

absolute size. If the pointsize is set relative todrawing, you will berequired to REGEN the

drawing when the zoomfactor has been changedto force AutoCAD todisplay the new point

size. Figure 19-2

Point Style Dialogue BoxFigure 19-1

Point Style

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AutoCAD Command: POINTThe POINT command is used to insert points in the drawing.

Shortcut: PO

2004-2008

2000-2002

Object Snap Modes for Points

Mode Abbreviations Icon Marker

Node Nod

Rotating the Graphic Cursor

The default rotation angle of the

graphic cursor is 0 degrees asshown in Figure 19-3. That meansthat the X axis is horizontal and theY axis is vertical. There are somedrawings that can be better drawn ifthe cursor is rotated to an angleother than 0 degrees as shown inFigure 19-4. Either the DraftingSettings dialogue box, the SNAPcommand or the SNAPANG system

The AutoCAD Object

variable can be used to change therotation angle of the cursor.

Figure 19-3

Cursor in The Normal

Position Rotated 0 degrees

Figure 19-4

Cursor Rotated 45

at degrees

AutoCAD stores the accuracy of the objects properties to a very high

degree. When you use the UNITS command to set the format, you are onlyinstructing AutoCAD how to display answers to your inquiries.



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The DIVIDE Command

The DIVIDE command is used to divide an object by inserting points on the object at the

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calculated XY locations. It does not change the object in any way, it simply inserts points on it.Ensure that the current layer is Construction when you use the DIVIDE command so that thepoints can be easily isolated from the object it is dividing. The DIVIDE command works

different when dividing circles. Since a circle does not have an endpoint, the DIVIDE commandwill place the first point where the positive X axis of the cursor crosses the circle.

AutoCAD Command: DIVIDEThe DIVIDE command is used to insert points an equal distance apart by div iding the length of theobject selected by the number of divisions entered.

Shortcut: DIV

The MEASURE Command

The MEASURE command is used to divide an object by inserting points on the object at a

specified distance along the object. It does not change the object in any way it simply insertspoints on it. Ensure that the current layer is Construction when you use the MEASUREcommand so that you can easily isolated the points from the object being measured. The

MEASURE command always starts the measurement from the closest endpoint to the locationwhere the object is selected. The MEASURE command works different when measuringcircles. Since a circle does not have an endpoint, the MEASURE command will start measuringat the point where the positive X axis of the cursor crosses the circle.

AutoCAD Command: MEASUREThe MEASURE command is used to insert points on an object at as specified distance apart.

Shortcut: ME



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Using POINT, DIVIDE and MEASURE Commands

Step 1 Start a new drawing using the template Module Template A.

Step 2 Save and name the drawing AutoCAD 2D Workalong 19-1.

Object to be Drawn

Step 3 Create

layers ObjectandConstruction asshown in FigureStep 3.

Figure Step 3

Step 4 On layer Construction, draw the outline of the

object using the dimensions from the drawing.Figure Step 4

...continued on page 19-7



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Using POINT, DIVIDE and MEASURE Commands - Continued

Step 5 From the Format pull-down, select Point Style as

shown in Figure Step 5.

Step 6 This will open

the Point Styledialogue box as shownin Figure Step 6.

Figure Step 5

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Figure Step 6

Step 7 In the Point Style dialogue box, select the

point style (center with black background) as shown.Set the point size to 3% and enable Set SizeRelative to Screen. as shown in figure Step 6.

Step 8 Using the DIVIDE command shown below,

select the inclined line as shown in Figure Step 8.

Command: DIVIDE

Select object to divide: P1

Enter the number of segments or [Block]: 8(Since the line is divided into 8 spaces, seven points areinserted along line.)

Command:

Step 9 Your drawing should appear as shown in

Figure Step 9.


Inquiry and Measurement The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright 1993 - 2007

Figure Step 8

Figure Step 9

Module 19


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Step 10 In the Drafting Settings dialogue box, enable the

Node object snap mode as shown in Figure Step 10A and 10B.A node is the object snap mode for a point.

Figure Step 10B

Step 11 With ortho modeenabled, draw horizontallines by snapping to eachpoint (node) and thendrawing the lines at anylength as shown in Figure

Step 11.

Figure Step 11

Step 12 With ortho mode enabled, draw vertical lines

by snapping to each point (node) and drawing them atany length as shown in Figure Step 12.

Figure Step 10A

Figure Step 12

Figure Step 13

Step 13 Trim the lines to form the steps as shown in

Figure Step 13.

Step 14 Draw a line from the midpoint on the topinclined line to the midpoint of the bottom line. Usingthe DIVIDE command, divide the line into four spaces.Your drawing should appear as shown in Figure Step14.



Figure Step 14

Module 19


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Step 15 Snapping to the points (node) to locate the

centers, draw three 0.4 Dia circles as shown in FigureStep 15.

Step 16 Draw aconstruction line fromthe top corner to thebottom corner asshown in Figure Step16.

Figure Step 15

Figure Step 16

Step 17 Insert a 0.5 radius

construction circle with itscenter at the top corner as

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shown in Figure Step 17A. Figure Step 17ATrim the line as shown inFigure Step 17B.

Figure Step 17B

(The circle is used to measure a distance of 0.5 units from the end of the line. See the GeometryLesson on page the 19-2.)

Step 18 Enter the MEASURE command shown below

to insert points every 0.4325 units along the line. Ensureyou select the line (P2) closest to the end of the line youwant to start the measurement from. See Figure Step 18.

Command: MEASURE

Select object to measure: P2Specify length of segment or [Block]: .4325Command:

Figure Step 18

Step 19 Your drawing

should now appear as shown in Figure Step 19. Todemonstrate how the point size relative to the screen works,zoom in on your object making it fill the screen and thenexecute the REGEN command. Notice how the point stylechanges size. Zoom back out and execute the REGENcommand again.



Figure Step 19

Module 19


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Step 20 Insert 12 - 0.125 diameter circles. One with

its center at the end of the line and the others with theircenters on the points you just inserted with the

MEASURE command. See Figure Step 20.

Step 21 Enter the ID command as shown below and

select the end of the bottom line as a reference point.Ensure you snap to the end of the line.

Command: IDSpecify point: (end) P3X = 1.7500 Y = 4.0000 Z = 0.0000

Figure Step 21

Figure Step 20

Figure Step 22

Step 22 Enter the POINT command shown below to draw 3 points at the location of the

center of polygons. The @ established in Step 21 is used as a reference point. See FigureStep 22.

Command: POINT

Current point modes: PDMODE=34 PDSIZE=-3.0000Specify a point: @.75,1.5Command: POINTCurrent point modes: PDMODE=34 PDSIZE=-3.0000Specify a point: @0,-1Command: POINTCurrent point modes: PDMODE=34 PDSIZE=-3.0000Specify a point: @2.25,0Command:

Step 23 Draw three 0.5 Dia. circles

using the points as the center of thecircle. Ensure you snap to the nodewhen locating the center of the circle.See Figure Step 23.

Figure Step 23




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Step 24 Set layer Construction as the current layer, and enter

the DIVIDE command. Divide the top left circle into 6 parts. SeeFigure Step 24.

(Note how the first point is located along the X axis.)

Step 25 Enter the SNAPANG system variable shown below to

change the angle of the of the cursor to 90 degrees.

Command: SNAPANGEnter new value for SNAPANG : 90Command:

Step 26 Enter the DIVIDE

command and divide the bottom left

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circle into 6. See Figure Step 26.

(Note how the first point is located

Figure Step 24

Figure Step 26

along the X axis that has been rotated 90 degrees.)

Step 27 Enter the system variable SNAPANG to change the

angle of the cursor to 22.5 degrees as shown below.

Command: SNAPANG

Enter new value for SNAPANG : 22.5Command:

Step 28 Enter the DIVIDE command and divide the bottom

right circle into 8. See Figure Step 28.(Note how the first point is located along the X axis that has beenrotated 22.5 degrees. 22.5 degrees is one-half of 45 degreeswhich is the angle between the corners of an octagon.)

Step 29 Change the angle of the of the cursor

to 0 degrees using the SNAPANG systemvariable shown below.

Command: SNAPANGEnter new value for SNAPANG : 0Command:

Figure Step 28




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Step 30 On layer Object,

draw lines by snapping frompoint to point (node to node)to draw the polygons asshown in Figure Step 30

Step 31 Freeze layer Construction.

Step 32 Save and close the drawing.

Figure Step 30

Completed Drawing

The DIVIDE command is used to divide an object by inserting points on theobject at the calculated the XY locations. It does not change object in anyway, it simply inserts points on it. Ensure that the current layer isConstruction when you use the DIVIDE command so that the points can be

easily isolated from the object it is dividing.

Not all information can be found in the properties of an object and the DIST

command is very important. Set the units you want to see the answers inwith the UNITS command before using the DIST command.



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Using Inquiry Commands

Step 1 Open the drawing AutoCAD 2D

Workalong 19-1 . Using the SAVEAScommand, save the drawing as AutoCAD 2D

Workalong 19-2. See Figure Step 1.

Step 2 Enter the UNITS command. Change the setting to

match the Drawing Units dialogue box in Figure Step 2.

Figure Step 1

Figure Step 3

Figure Step 2

Step 3 Enter the DIST command shown below to measure the distance between the

center of the circle and the end of the line shown in Figure Step 3.

Command: DISTSpecify first point: (cen) P1Specify second point: (end) P2Distance = 1.393831, Angle in XY Plane = 174.21, Angle from XY Plane = 0.00Delta X = -1.386719, Delta Y = 0.140625, Delta Z = 0.000000Command:

(The distance is 1.393831 units. The angle of the line is 174.21 degrees. For an explanation of

delta X and delta Y see the Geometry Lesson on page 19-1.)


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The MEASURE command inserts points at a specified distance entered by

the user. It starts measuring at the end of the object nearest where it wasselected. It may not end up equal at the end. Make sure you are on thelayer Construction before you execute the command to ensure the pointswill be easily to isolate from the object it is measuring.



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Using Inquiry Commands - Continued

Step 4 Enter the UNITS command.

Change the setting to match the DrawingUnits dialogue box in Figure Step 4

Figure Step 4

Figure Step 5

in Figure Step 6.

Step 5 Find the closest distance between the two top

circles. First draw a construction line from the center ofone circle to the center of the other one as shown in FigureStep 5.

Step 6 Trim the line as shown

Step 7 Enter DIST command shown

below to measure the closest distancebetween the two circles as shown inFigure Step 7.

Command: DI

Specify first point: (end) P3Specify second point: (end) P4

Figure Step 6

Figure Step 7

Distance = 0.62281857, Angle in XY Plane = 291d16'23.4", Angle from XYPlane = 0d0'0.0"

Delta X = 0.22596782, Delta Y = -0.58038050, Delta Z = 0.00000000Command:

(Note the precision and format change of how AutoCAD displays theanswers this time.)

Step 8 Open the Properties window

and select the line that you justmeasured. The answers that werereturned from the DIST command arenow displayed in the Properties

dialogue box. See Figure Step 8.

Author's Comments:

It is possible that some of yournumbers may differ from Figure Step 8.

Figure Step 8 The reason for this is the direction thelines were drawn may differ.




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Using Inquiry Commands - Continued

Step 9 Using what you just learned in this

workalong, find the shortest distance from the cornerof the hexagon to the circumference of the circle as

shown in Figure Step 9A. Hint, first draw aconstruction line from the center of the circle to thecorner of the hexagon and then trim it. Find theanswers using both the DIST command and

Properties dialoguebox. See Figure Step

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9B. Check youranswers with theresults shown below.

Figure Step 9A

Figure Step 9B

Distance = 1.00782430, Angle in XY Plane = 15d45'48.4", Angle

from XY Plane = 0d0'0.0"Delta X = 0.96992159, Delta Y = 0.27379177, Delta Z =

0.00000000

Step 10 Save and close the drawing.

Geometry Lesson

Finding The Center of any Triangle

To find the center of any triangle, drawconstruction lines from each vertex to the

midpoint of the opposite line of thetriangle. The center of the triangle is theintersection of the three lines. triangle.

The Key Principles in Module 19

1. AutoCAD stores the accuracy of the objects properties and locations to a very high

degree. The UNITS command sets the format of how AutoCAD displays answers.

2. The MEASURE command inserts points on an object at a specified distance entered by

the user.

3. The DIVIDE command divides the object up perfectly into the number of segments

entered by the user.

4. A point is an AutoCAD object that when inserted on the drawing is one pixel in size. It

does not have a length or height since it only has the properties of one XY coordinate.



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Lab Exercise 19-1

Drawing Specifications

Time Allowed: 45 Min.

Name Template Units Text Style Font

AutoCAD 2D Lab 19-1 Module Template A4 Millimeters N/A

Layering Scheme

N/A

Objects on Layer

Construction Objects

All Objects

Instructions:

Name

Construction

Object

Color

253

Red

Linetype

Continuous

Continuous

Lineweight

N/A

N/A

1 Setup the layers, draw the object shown below including the center lines.2. Find the following with precision of 8 decimal places:

a) Length of arc A: ______________________b) Distance from the center of circle C to center of circle E.

________________________c) Shortest distance from corner B to the circumference of circle

C___________________d) The circumference of circle D: ____________________

3. Check your drawing and the answers to Step 2 with the key.Hint: HOR = Horizontal, VER = Vertical

CompletedDrawing



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Construction Hints

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Do your best to complete the lab exercise drawing without using the following hint(s). If you get stuck and

can't complete it on your own, use the following hint(s) to help you.

Hint 1

Divide the large circle into 26. See Figure Hint 1.

Hint 2

Rotate the cursor

7.5 degrees andthen divide thecircle. See FigureHint 2.

Figure Hint 1

Figure Hint 2

Hint 3

Rotate the cursor 30 degrees and then divide the circle.

See Figure Hint 3.

Hint 4

Draw 5 circle with a 20 Dia. See Figure Hint 4.

Figure Hint 3

Hint 5

To draw the polygons, rotate the

cursor to appropriate angle andthen divide it.

Triangle = 90 degreesSquare = 45 degreesPentagon = 90 degrees

Figure Hint 4

Inquiry and Measurement

Hexagon = 90 degreesHeptagon = 90 degreesOctagon = 22.5 degrees

The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright 1993 - 2007

Figure Hint 5

Module 19


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Lab Exercise 19-2

Drawing Specifications

Time Allowed: 50 Min.

Name Template Units Text Style Font

AutoCAD 2D Lab 19-2 Module Template A Inches

Layering Scheme

N/A N/A

Objects on Layer

Construction Objects

All Objects

Instructions:

Name

Construction

Object

Color

253

Red

Linetype

Continuous

Continuous

Lineweight

N/A

N/A

1. Setup the layers using the Layering Scheme above.2. Draw the object shown below.3. Check your drawing with the key.

Completed

Drawing



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Construction Hints

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Do your best to complete the lab exercise drawing without using the following hint(s). If you get stuck and

can't complete it on your own, use the following hint(s) to help you.

Hint 1

Divide the inclined line into 12 spaces. See Figure Hint 1.

Hint 2

Use a circle to measure the distance on the inclined line.

See Figure Hint 2.

Figure Hint 1

Figure Hint 2

Hint 3

Offset the lines to construct the triangle in the center.

To find the center of the triangle see the GeometryLesson on page 19-15. See Figure Hint 3.

Figure Hint 3


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Autocad 2d Module 19 PDF