Autocad 2d Module 25 PDF

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Learning Outcomes:

AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules

AutoCAD 2DModule 25

Scaling and Stretching

When you have completed this module, you wil l be able to:

1. Describe and apply the STRETCH and SCALE commands to change the size and shape

of existing objects.

Stretching Objects

The STRETCH command has a great many uses. You can stretch objects on the drawing

either making them larger or smaller. Using this command is a good way to edit the shape ofobjects without having to erase and redraw it or portions of it. Once you can identify when andwhere to use STRETCH, your drawing speed and productivity will increase. You will be amazedat the number of ways you can use this command, so always keep it in mind as you edit yourdrawings.

AutoCAD Command: STRETCHThe STRETCH command is used to stretch an object(s) either larger or smaller.

Shortcut: S

2004-2008

2000-2002

The STRETCH command requires that you use a crossing window to select

the objects. It moves the objects that are totally inside the window andstretches the objects that cross the window. You MUST use a crossingwindow at all times with this command.

Stretching and Scaling The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright 1993 - 2007 Module 25
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25 - 2 AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2007-11-14

Using the STRETCH and SCALE Commands

Step 1 Start a new drawing using the template Module Template A.

Step 2 Save and name the

drawing AutoCAD 2DWorkalong 25-1.

Step 3 Create the layers as

shown in Figure Step 3.

Step 4 On layer Object,

draw the object shown to theleft. See Figure Step 4.

Figure Step 4

Object to be Drawn

Step 5 Enter the STRETCH commandbelow to stretch the object. See FigureStep 5A and 5B.

Command: STRETCH

Select objects to stretch by crossing-window

or crossing-polygon...Select objects:Specify opposite corner: 4 found

Figure Step 3

(Use a crossing window and locate it as shown in the Figure Step 5A. You MUST use a crossingwindow.)

Select objects:Specify base point or [Displacement] : 0,0Specify second point or : @1,0

(The lines that the crossingwindow cross are stretched 1unit longer and the linestotally inside the crossingwindow are moved 1 unit inthe positive X direction.)

Command:

Figure Step 5B

Figure Step 5A...continued on page 25-3



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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2007-11-14

Using the STRETCH and SCALE Commands - Continued

Step 6 Enter the STRETCH command below to

stretch the object. See Figure Step 6A and 6B.

Command: STRETCH

Select objects to stretch by crossing-window orcrossing-polygon...Select objects:Specify opposite corner: 4 found

(Use a crossing window and locate it as shown in the Figure

Step 6A.) Figure Step 6ASelect objects:Specify base point or [Displacement] : 0,0Specify second point or : @0,1.5

(The lines that the crossing window crosses are stretched 1.5unit higher and the lines and circles totally inside the crossingwindow are moved 1.5 unit up.)

Command:

Step 7 Enter the STRETCH command below to stretch

the object. See Figure Step 7A and 7B.Figure Step 6B

Command: STRETCHSelect objects to stretch by crossing-window orcrossing-polygon...Select objects:Specify opposite corner: 3 found

(Use a crossing window and locate it as shown in the FigureStep 7A.)

Select objects:Specify base point or [Displacement] : (end) P1Specify second point or : @1,0

(The lines that the crossing window crosses are stretched 1unit, one longer and one shorter. The line inside the crossing

window is moved 1 unit to the right.) Figure Step 7ACommand:

Figure Step 7B

...continued on page 25-4

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Step 8 Using what you already learned, use the

STRETCH command to stretch the object tomatch Figure Step 7A. See Figure Step 8B as the

crossing window location.

Figure Step 8B

Step 9 Using what you already learned, use theSTRETCH command to stretch the object to match

Figure Step 9A. See Figure Step 9B as thecrossing window location.

Hint: Use a Cross Polygon

window here. See Module24 page 24-10.

Figure Step 9B


Scaling Objects

Figure Step 8A

Figure Step 9A

The SCALE command can be used in many ways. An object can be scaled either larger or

smaller by using a scale factor or by using a reference as you did in the ROTATE command. Itscales the object around a base point. This base point is the only location that does not changeas the object is scaled around this location.

AutoCAD Command: SCALEThe SCALE command is used to scale an object(s) either larger or smaller.

Shortcut: SC

2004-2008

2000-2002



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Step 9 Enter the SCALE command shown below

to scale the object by 0.5 scale factor.

Command: SCALE

Select objects:Specify opposite corner: 13 found

(Select the objects to be scaled in a window.)Select objects:Specify base point: (end) P2

(The end of bottom line is the base point. This point will

remain at the same coordinates and the rest of the Figure Step 9Aobject will scale around it.)

Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference] : .5(Scale the object by a scale factor of one-half.)

Command:

Authors Comments: You have to be careful when using a scale factor.

If you use a scale factor of 0.5 you are scaling the object by one-half theheight and one-half the width. Therefore, the object will be one-quarterof the size it was before the scale. The same works when you use the

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scale factor of 2. It scales 2 times the width and 2 times the heightmaking the object 4 times it size before the scale.

Step 10 Using the MIRROR command,

mirror the object as shown in Figure Step10.

Step 11 Enter the SCALE command

and using what you already learned,

scale the object on the right to 0.25 scale Figure Step 10factor. Use the base point shown inFigure Step 11A. The finished drawingshould appear as shown in Figure Step11B.

Figure Step 9B

Figure Step 11B

Step 12 Move the entire object so that the bottom

left corner is at the coordinates X1,Y7. See FigureStep 12.


Figure Step 11A

Figure Step 12



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Step 13 The object should now appear as shown Figure Step 13.

Step 14 Using what you learned, scale the complete object to a

scale factor of 1.25. Use the base point shown in Figure Step 14.

Figure Step 14

Step 15 Enter the SCALE command shown below to

scale using the Reference option. See Figure Step 15A,

15B and 15B.

Command: SCALE

Select objects:Specify opposite corner: 13 found

(Select the object on the right using a window as shown FigureStep 15A.)

Select objects:Specify base point: P3Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference] : R

(Using a Reference.)

Specify reference length : P4Specify second point: P5

(Instructs AutoCAD to measure the distance from P4 to P5.)

Specify new length or [Points] : P6(Then calculate the scale factor to make it the size of P4 to P6.)

Command:

Figure Step 15C

Step 16 The drawing should now appear as Figure Step 16.


Figure Step 13

Figure Step 15A

Figure Step 15B

Figure Step 16



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Step 17 Draw the three circle with lines from quad to quad in each circle as shown in

Figure Step 17A and 17B.

Figure Step 17BFigure Step 17A

Step 18 On layer Construction, draw a line from center to center

as shown in Figure 18.

Step 19 Rotate the large circle using the Reference option so thatthe quad lines are exactly the same angle as the construction line.See Figure Step 19.

Figure Step 18

Figure Step 19

Step 20 Rotate the medium circle using the Reference

option so that the quad lines are exactly the same angle asthe construction line. See Figure Step 20.

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Stretching and Scaling The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright 1993 - 2007

Figure Step 20

Module 25


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Using the STRETCH Command - Continued

Step 21 Move the smallest circle to locate the end of a

quad line to the intersection of the circle and the constructionline. See Figure Step 21

Figure Step 21

Figure Step 22

Figure Step 24

Step 22 Rotate the smallest circle using the Reference

option so that the quad lines are exactly the same angle as

the construction line. See Figure Step 22.

Step 23 Scale the smallest

circle using the Reference optionso that the diameter of the circlefits perfectly between the othertwo circles. See Figure 23.

Figure Step 23

Step 24 Your finished drawing should appear as shown in

Figure 24.

Step 25 Save and close the drawing.

The Key Principles in Module 25

1. The STRETCH command requires that you use a crossing window to select the objects.

It moves the objects that are totally inside the window and stretches the objects thatcross the window. You MUST use a crossing window at all times with this command.

2. If you use a scale factor of 0.5 you are scaling the object by one-half the height and one-half the width. Therefore, the scaled object is one-quarter its original size.



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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2007-11-14 25 - 9

Lab Exercise 25-1

Drawing Specifications

Time Allowed: 45 Min.

Name

AutoCAD 2D Lab 25-1

Template

Module Template B

Units

Inches

Text Style

N/A

Font

N/A

Objects on Layer Name

Layering Scheme

Color Linetype Lineweight

Construction Objects Construction 253 Continuous N/A

Text in the Titleblock Titleblock Text White/Black Continuous N/A

All Objects

Instructions:

Object Red Continuous N/A

1. Draw the object below. Try to use the MIRROR command.

Part 1 Complete



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3. Copy the object 7 units in the X direction.

4. Using the STRETCH command only, change the object to match the dimensions shown below.5. Complete the titleblock using the standards from Module 20, page 20-10.

Completed Drawing



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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules - AutoCAD 2D - Revised 2007-11-14 25 - 11

Lab Exercise 25-2

Drawing Specifications

Time Allowed: 45 Min.

Name

AutoCAD 2D Lab 25-2

Template

Module Template C

Units

Inches

Text Style

N/A

Font

N/A

Objects on Layer Name

Layering Scheme

Color Linetype Lineweight

Construction Objects

All Objects

Construction

Object

253

Red

Continuous

Continuous

N/A

N/A

Text in the Titleblock

Instructions:

Titleblock Text White/Black Continuous N/A

1. Draw the object below using the ARRAY

Part 1 Completed Drawing



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Construction Hints

Do your best to complete the lab exercise drawing without using the following hint(s). If you get

stuck and can't complete it on your own, use the following hint(s) to help you.

Hint 1

Figure Hint 1-1 - Draw the object as shown. If you draw 2 lines and an arch for the center, youcan then array it 16 times.

Figure Hint 1-1

Figure Hint 1-2 - Insert two fillets to draw the inside arcs. After you trim what you need, you

can then array it 16 times.

Figure Hint 1-2



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2. Copy and scale the original object in steps A to H:

A. Copy the center to X4,Y9. Scale the inside array only. Use the scale factor of 1.5. Use the

center as base point.

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B. Copy the center to X4,Y13. Scale the whole object at a scale factor of 0.5. Use the center asbase point.

C. Copy the center to X9,Y13. Scale the outside array only. Use a scale factor of 1.25 Use the

center as base point.D. Copy the center to X10,Y8. Scale the inside array only. Use a scale factor of 1.5. Use the center

as base point.E. Copy the center to X16.75,Y6.7. Scale the whole object at a scale factor of 2. Use the center as

base point.F. Copy the center to X16.5,Y13.5. Scale the inside array only. Use a scale factor of 3 and the

outside array at a scale factor of 0.5. Use the center as thebase point.

G. Copy the object and scale it to fit exactly between theexisting objects B and C. Scale it to fit exactly between themidpoint on the arcs. Use the Reference option do not usemath.Hint: Draw a construction line between the centers of B andC. See pages 25-7 to 25-8.

H. Copy the object and scale it to f it exactly between theclosest distance between the two existing objects D and E.Rotate the object so the midpoints of the arcs are touchingthe existing objects. Use the Reference option do not usemath.

Completed Drawing

Hint: Draw a construction line between the centers of D and E. See pages 25-7 to 25-8.3. Complete the titleblock using the standards from Module 20, page 20-10.


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Autocad 2d Module 25 PDF