AUTOMATIC INDUSTRIAL GAS LEAKAGE MONITORING AND POWER FAILURE

8/7/2019 AUTOMATIC INDUSTRIAL GAS LEAKAGE MONITORING AND POWER FAILURE

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AUTOMATIC INDUSTRIAL GAS

LEAKAGE MONITORING AND POWER FAILURE SYSTEM


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Students of Department of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineering

V.P.M.M.ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR

WOMEN,V.P.M.Nagar.Krishnankoil-626190

Srivilliputtur(Tk)Virudhunagar

MOBILENUMBER :9486364157,9489272720


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Presented By,

B.Sathya M.Sasirega B.Gomathi


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ABSTRACT


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Fuel leakage sensing is developed using a specialtransducer that uses highly activated carbon granules.In the vicinity of the activated carbon enclosure is aheater.There are two electrodes separated by an air gap.If the flammable fuel particles mixed in air reaches theair gap of the fuel leak sensor the current between thetwo electrodes increase and the increase in current ismonitored and used to generate the alarm.

Once a gas leakage is monitored the gadgetimmediately gives signal to the alarm device the alarmdevice is a buzzer that gives a low sounding alarm.


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It is obligatory on every human being to face the challengesand threats, just without giving any way for frustrations thatmay slowly lead into many difficulties, if not faced withcourage.

From time immemorial the war between the advantages of science which evolve by human error and machine failure ison.

We in this project have attempted to support the theory of being on the right side to positively and boldly face the

menaces of gas leakage hazard using the latest technologies.


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G ASSE N SOR

AMPL IFI ER COMPARATOR

IN D ICATOR

DR IV ER

RELAY

LOAD

ACSUPPLY

ALARM


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BLOCK DESCRIPTION

The main blocks of the project are,

The fuel leakage sensor. ( Activated carbon leakdetector)

The alarm device. ( A hooter )The Power supply system.


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1. THE F UEL LEAKA G E SE N SOR . (Activated carbon leakdetector)The fuel leakage detector system is to smell out the presence of anydissolved gas particles in the environmental air inside the car.

If the density of gas particles dissolved in the air inside the car is more thana threshold level the alarm is activated.The presence of LPG particles in air is monitored in terms of parts per million.If the parts per million of the LPG elements in air exceeds the set level theelectronic system gives the alarm.

The sensor used for this purpose is of the activated carbon type.It is a passive.


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TRA N SDUCER .

An applied voltage across the two plates of the sensor causes a nominal current through the circuit and if the

density of LPG is high in the air then the conduction of the sensor increases and the increased current isresponsible to activate the alarm circuit.

The activated carbon sensor is specially designed byits manufacturer to detect Petroleum related leakagesinto air.


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2 . THE ALARM DE VI CE . (A HOOTER)

At the event of a gas leakage then a local alarm is activated.To achieve this sensor gives logic information to the relayactivating circuit and the relay then closes the buzzer unit.The buzzer is the source of alarm inside the car and the sound

is normally sufficient to draw the attention of the people.


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3 . THE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM .

M ost electronic circuits require DC voltage sources or power supplies.If the electronic device is to be portable, then one or more

batteries are usually needed to provide the DC voltage required by electronic circuits.But batteries have a limited life span and cannot be recharged.The solution is to convert the alternating current lose hold linevoltage to a DC voltage source.


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C IRCU IT DESCR IPT IO N

1. O V ERALL C IRCU IT OPERAT IO NThe project has been designed to serve the objective of sensing and

raising an alarm in the event of a gas leakage.It is supposed to be reliably useful to make a definite alarm in the event of agas leakage.The alarm is supposed to ring at the surroundings of the leakage area say ahouse or a hotel or a factory premises.As such the factor to be monitored is leakage of LPG gas.To detect any gas leakage we have to install a gas leakage detector.The gas leakage is detected using an advanced transducer called theActivated Carbon LPG detector.This is a passive transducer and a voltage is normally impressed actors itsterminals and the current through an external resistor is monitored.If the current through the external resistor is enhanced severely then itmeans the sensor is in the presence of air with LPG particles dispelled in it.


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Thus a measure of the current through the external resistor

made in terms of the voltage drop across the resistor is anindirect measure of the gas leakage dispelled in air.This voltage is compared in a comparator, against a set pointvoltage and if the voltage is more than a threshold value then alogic high level voltage of 5 volts is produced by thecomparator.This logic high level voltage is responsible for turning on thealarm both at the local alarm device and at the remote alarmdevice.


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2 . THE LP G SE N SOR

The Gas leak is detected by the gas leakage detector.The gas leakage detector is a high technology device that uses the principleof thermionic emission between two plates held at different electrical

potentials.

The amount of current flow between the two electrodes is a function of thevoltage between the two electrodes, the temperature of one of the twoelectrodes the cathode and the amount of mixture of any inflammable gas

particles in terms of parts per million in the air between the two electrodes.With reference to the sensor that we use, it consists of a ring of activated

carbon.

Inside the ring of carbon particles are two electrodes held apart.There is a heater inside the unit to heat up the cathode.Electrical connections are brought out from the Plate or Anode, theCathode and the heater.


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An external source of DC potential of say 5 volts is applied tothe heater.The Anode is held at a potential of about 24 volts with respect

to the cathode.The external circuit is completed through a fixed a and avariable resistor.The voltage drop across the fixed resistor is a measure of conduction between the anode and cathode of the sensor andtherefore the amount of this voltage drop is used for monitoring the degree of gas leakage.


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The two electrodes are enclosed inside a ring of activatedhydro carbon.The property of the hydro carbon is to attract the air particlesthat are rich in mixed LPG particles.Thus the concentration of LPG mixture in air is more insidethe carbon ring.Leakages of LPG in the room causes the carbon ring to attractthe LPG mixed air particles and make a concentration of LPGmixed air inside the ring so as to improve the electrical

conduction between the plates of the sensor.


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While in normal operation the anode is held at a DC potential of 24 volts.The heater is applied with 5 volts.The hot cathode now emits electrons just like a thermionic valve theseelectrons are attracted by the positive anode and thus a current is caused to

flow between the cathode and the anode.This is the cause of the external current as well.The external current flows through external fixed resistor and a variableresistor.In the absence of mixture of LPG in air this current is very small and makesa very small drop across the external fixed resistor.But with increased LPG mixture richness in air the conduction increasesand the current through the external resistor is also very high and thevoltage across the external resistor is also very high.


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The drop across the external resistor is a function of the LPGrichness in air and the relation between the output voltageswith respect to the richness of LPG in air is almost linear.The variable resistor that comes in series with the fixedresistor is to adjust the level of detection or sensitivity of LPGleakage detection.This is essential because in some areas like kitchens etc., theair is normally dispelled with LPG particles because off the

burning of LPG, however this is not a leakage.Therefore a sensitivity control is essential to set the thresholdof sensing and alarming.


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APPL ICAT IO N

The Project has been designed with the idea of developing adedicated application.Therefore the very application of the project is quite obvious.However, we can think of developing the same project for related other applications as well.Inflammable gas leakage is a general hazard that is applicablenot just to moving vehicles such as cars, but the same danger is encountered in many places like, domestic kitchens, hotelkitchen yards, gas storage go downs, gas furnace based other industrial process plants etc.Therefore, the project can be suggested in all such areas.Specific sensors are available to check the presence of suchgas leakages.


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SU GG EST IO N S F OR

IMPRO V EME N TS

The project works very well and functions as constrained bythe design.Though the project works satisfactorily, it has to be improvedin so many ways and then it will reach the professional

standards.First of all the system must be built around a dedicated PCB.Dedicated PCB especially developed for this purpose willimprove the efficiency of the system and will be more reliable.In our project the range of the sound produced can reach onlywithin a short distance however by using a transmitter therange can be extended to long distances.


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CO N CLUS IO N

The project work has been completed successfully.The project work functions satisfactorily as per the design.The project work was developed after conducting a number of experiments before finalizing the design work, this reduced the

bottle necks and we did not face much difficulty in the finalintegration process.In general the entire development of the project work waseducative and we could gain a lot of experience by way of doing the project practically.

We could understand the practical constraints of developingsuch systems which of which we have studied by way of lectures in the theory classes.It was satisfying to see so many theoretical aspects work

before us in real life practice of which we have heard throughlectures and of which we have studied in the books.


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B IBL IO G RAPHY

1 .Electronic Principles : Albert Paul M alvino

2. Communication Engineering: George Kennedy.

3. Linear Integrated Circuits : Sharma.

4. IC Data Sheets : M anufacturers M anuals.

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AUTOMATIC INDUSTRIAL GAS LEAKAGE MONITORING AND POWER FAILURE