Automotive Batteries Construction

8/4/2019 Automotive Batteries Construction

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Automotive Batteries




WHAT AND AUTOMTIVE BATTERY DOES

A battery supplies power to the starter andignition system to start the engine.

A battery also supplies the extra power necessary when the vehicle's electrical loadexceeds the supply from the charging system.




Automotive batteries acts as a voltage

stabilizer in the electrical system.

An automotive battery converts chemical

energy into electrical energy An automotive battery evens out voltage

spikes and prevents them from damaging

other components in the electrical system




What the standby battery does:

Supplies electrical power to critical systems in

the event of a power outage. Acts as a voltage stabilizer, to smooth out

fluctuations in the electrical generationsystems.

Temporarily holds large electrical loads aselectric utilities switch from one generationsystem to another.



How a Battery is Made

How a Battery isMade

Batteries are made of five basic components:

1. A resilient Plasticcontainer .

2. Positive andnegative internalplates made of lead.






3. Plate separators

made of porous

synthetic material.

4. Electrolyte, a dilute

solution of sulfuric acid

and water better known

as battery acid.

5. Lead terminals, the

connection pointbetween the battery and

whatever it powers.




Most automotive battery

containers and their

covers are made of

polypropylene.

A typical 12-volt car

battery, case is divided

into six sections, or

cells




A battery must have

positive and negative

plates to conduct a

charge.

Grids or plates are made

from lead or an alloy of

lead and other metals.




A mixture of lead oxide -- which is powdered

lead, sulfuric acid and water is applied to the

grids

Expander material made of powderedsulfates is added to the paste to produce

negative plates

The expander material is not added to the

positive plates.




Pasted positive and

negative plates must be

separated to prevent

short circuits.

Separators are thin

sheets of porous,

insulating material used

as spacers between the

positive and negativeplates.




Fine pores in the

separators allow

electrical current to flow

between the plates while

preventing short circuits.




A positive plate is pairedwith a negative plate and aseparator to make anelement

There is one element per

battery cell Elements are dropped into

the cells in the battery case

The cells are connectedwith a metal that conducts

electricity.




The lead terminals, or

posts, are welded on.

The battery is then filled

with electrolyte - or

battery acid -- a mixture

of sulfuric acid and

water, and the cover is

attached.




After a battery is made its is

Checked for leaks.

Charged for several hours.

Labels added



Battery Quiz

1. What supplies power to the ignition and the

starting system

A. Starter motor

B. Battery C. Alternator

D. None of the above



Battery Quiz

2. What component acts as a voltage stabilizer

in the electrical system?

1. Voltage regulator

2. Current regulator 3. Battery

4. Alternator



Battery Quiz

3. How many cell is in an automotive battery

A. 12

B. 6.

C. 4 D. 2



Battery Quiz

4. Each cell of an automotive battery will supply

how many volts?

A. 2

B. 4 C. 10

D. 12



Battery Quiz

5. A mixture of sulfuric acid and water is called:

A. Battery liquid

B. Battery activator

C. Electrical charge D. Electrolyte



Battery Quiz

6. There is how many elements element per

battery cell?

A. 1

B. 2 C. 4

D. 6



Battery Quiz

7. A battery must have ______________ to

conduct electricity.

A. Negative plates only

B. Positive plates only C. Positive and Neutral plates

D. Positive and Negative plates



Battery Quiz

8. Most automotive battery containers and their

covers are made of:

A. Steel

B. Wood C. Soft plastic

D. polypropylene



Battery Quiz

9. After a battery is made its is:

A. Charged for several hours

B. Check for leaks

C. Has labels added D. All the above



Battery Quiz

10. A _________ supplies the extra power

necessary when the vehicle's electrical load

exceeds the supply from the charging system.

A. Alternator B. Starter

C. Fuel cell

D. Battery



Battery Operation

A battery convert chemical energy intoelectrical energy

When an atom loses and electron it

become a positively charge Ion When am atom gains an electron it become a

negatively charge ion.

Battery produce Voltage and Amperage.

Voltage is defined and electrical pressure Amperage is defined as electron flow from one

atom to another.



Battery Operation

When you have and abundance of negatively

charge ions and a abundance of positively

charged ions connected together in an

electrical circuit current will begin to flow. The larger the difference between the positive

ions and the negative ions the greater the

voltage or electrical pressure difference.

The greater the flow electrons from one atom

to another the greater the current flow



Battery Operation

Battery have two different ratings.

1. Cold cranking amperage (CCA): Is the

ability of a battery to maintain 7.3 volts for 30

seconds at 0 degrees F 2. Reserve Capacity (RC): Is the ability of a

battery to supply 10.5 volts at 25 amps at 80

degrees F.



Battery Operation

A battery stores electricity for future use.

A battery develops voltage from the chemical

reaction produced when two unlike materials,

such as the positive and negative plates, areimmersed in electrolyte, a solution of

sulfuric acid and water .

In a typical lead-acid battery, the voltage is

approximately 2 volts per cell, for a total of 12

volts.



Battery Operation

Electricity flows from the battery as soon as

there is a circuit between the positive and

negative terminals. This happens when any

load that needs electricity, such as the radio,is connected to the battery.



Battery Operation



Battery Operation

When a battery is discharge the plates have

the same amount of electrical charge.

As a battery discharges, the lead plates

become more chemically alike, the acidbecomes weaker and less voltage is

produced.



Battery Operation

You can recharge a discharged battery by

feeding electrical current back into the

battery.

A full charge restores the chemical differencebetween the plates and leaves the battery

ready to deliver its full power.



Battery Operation



Batteries

SPECIFIC GRAVITYSpecific gravity means exact weight.

A "Hydrometer" or a "Refractometer"compares the exact weight of electrolyte withthat of water.

Strong electrolyte in a charged battery isheavier than weak electrolyte in a discharged

battery. By weight, the electrolyte in a fully charged

battery is about 36% acid and 64% water.



Batteries

The specific gravity of water is 1.000.

Acid is 1.835 times heavier than water, so its

specific gravity is 1.835.

The electrolyte mixture of water and acid hasa specific gravity of 1.270, usually stated as

"twelve and seventy."





Battery Operation

This unique process of discharging and

charging in the lead-acid battery means that

energy can be discharged and restored over

and over again. This is what's known as the cycling ability in a

battery.



Battery Quiz

1. You can recharge a discharged battery by:

A. Turning the headlights on

B. Replacing the electricity that has been

removed C. Removing the positive battery cable

D. Replacing the Negative battery cable



Battery Quiz

2. Technician A says a fully charge battery

should have a specific gravity of:

A. 1.130

B. 1.220 C. 1.260

D. 1.270



Battery Quiz

3. What tool is used to measure battery specific

gravity?

A. Milometer

B. Micrometer C. Kilometer

D. Hydrometer



Battery Quiz

4. Electrolyte is a mixture of sulfuric acid

and _____________ :

A. Hydrogen

B. Carbon C. Sulfuric carbon

D. Water



Battery Quiz

5. This unique process of discharging and

charging a lead-acid battery is called:

A. Discharging

B. Cycling C. Overcharging

D. None of the above



Batteries

Battery are rated in both cold cranking amps

and reserve capacity.

Cold Cranking Amps is the amount of

amperage a battery can supply at 0 Degreeswhile maintaining 9.6 volts for 30 seconds

Reserve capacity: The amount of time a

battery can supply 10 volts at 25 amps when

not being charged



Batteries

When a battery becomes discharged it must

be recharged.

A battery can be charged by the vehicle

alternators or by an external battery charger When connecting or disconnecting a battery

charger care should be taken not to create a

spark.



Batteries

When connecting or disconnecting a battery

charger care should be taken not to create a

spark.

Hydrogen and oxygen can explode Spark will cause a battery to explode

The gasses created during charging are

explosive



Batteries

When charging a battery always connect the

positive cable first and the negative cable last

When removing battery cables disconnect the

Negative cable first and the Positive cablelast.

Most automotive manufactures

recommend disconnecting a battery

before its recharged.



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Automotive Batteries Construction