Autumn Fauna Survey

7/24/2019 Autumn Fauna Survey

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/autumn-fauna-survey 1/106

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Efkfrtbur Edgjrfis Idedtj` (Efkfrtbur) ds jglflj` dg tbj jxpiarftdag fg` `jvjiapejgt acedgjrfi rjsaurkjs dg tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf iakftj` wdtbdg tbj Zifrrdgl @dstrdkt ac tbjGartb Kaailfr`dj Edgjrfi Cdji`. Pbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf ds iakftj` fppraxdeftjiy 0:>me gartbjfst ac ^jrtb fg` 6>> me wjst ac Ejgzdjs.

\dtbdg tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt Frjf, f gartbjrg sjktdag mgawg fs tbj ‒[gfrm— `jpasdt frjfds rjpartj` ta bfvj fg Dgcjrrj` Edgjrfi _jsaurkj ac <.6 ediidag taggjs ac drag arj ft ::.4%Cj. Pbj kurrjgt tjgjejgts dg tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt Frjf dgkiu`j Edgdgl Ijfsjs ;>/?0;,;>/?6;, ;>/?60 fg` ;>/?6:, fg` Jxpiarftdag Idkjgkjs ;>/?0> fg` ;>/;?0 fg` fii frj6>>% awgj` oy Efkfrtbur Drag Arj ^ty It`.

Dg ar`jr ta curtbjr pursuj edgdgl appartugdtdjs dg tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf, Efkfrtburkaeedssdagj` Mjdtb Idgòjkm fg` Fssakdftjs (MIF) ta ug`jrtfmj f kaeprjbjgsdvj Ijvji? cfugf fssjssejgt ac tbj vjljtftj` frjfs.

Dg fkkar`fgkj wdtb tbj Jgvdragejgtfi ^ratjktdag Futbardty (J^F) [tftjejgt fg`Lud`jidgjs, euitdpij sjfsagfi survjys frj rjqudrj`. Pbds survjy sftdscdj` tbjrjqudrjejgts car fg futueg survjy, tfmdgl f`vfgtflj ac rjkjgt, bjfvy rfdgcfii jvjgts.

Pbj skapj ac warm car tbj cfugf fssjssejgt wfs ta8

• ljgjrfiiy jskrdoj tbj vjljtftdag fssakdftdags dg tbj stu`y frjf=

• d`jgtdcy bfodtft tbft efy oj ac sdlgdcdkfgkj ta cfugf dg`dljgaus ta \jstjrg Fustrfidf=

• d`jgtdcy fgy bfodtfts ac pfrtdkuifr kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj car cfugf wdtbdg tbjstu`y frjf=

• prjpfrj f cfugf dgvjgtary (ofsjidgj dgcareftdag) ac tbj frjf usdgl f kaeodgj`

fpprafkb ac `jsm-tap rjsjfrkb dgkiu`dgl f rjvdjw ac jxdstdgl idtjrfturj fg` sdtjspjkdcdk, sjfsagfi cfugf survjys kaeprdsdgl f sudtj ac jstfoidsbj` survjytjkbgdqujs=

• d`jgtdcy cfugf ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj dg tbj frjf,

• pravd`j f rdsm fssjssejgt ta `jtjredgj patjgtdfi depfkts ta cfugf ac kagsjrvftdagsdlgdcdkfgkj= fg`

• pravd`j rjkaeejg`ftdags, dgkiu`dgl tbj efgfljejgt ac pjrkjdvj` depfkts tacfugf bfodtfts fg` cfugf ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj wdtbdg tbj stu`y frjf.

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^dtcfii trfps, fiuedgdue oax trfps, cuggji trfps fg` kflj trfps wjrj apjg kaiijktdvjiy car ftatfi ac ?20> trfp gdlbts.

Pbj systjeftdk survjys rjkar`j` 6? rjptdij spjkdjs, cdvj gftdvj tjrrjstrdfi efeefispjkdjs fg` agj gag-gftdvj tjrrjstrdfi efeefi spjkdjs, sdx spjkdjs ac ofts fg` ;> odr`spjkdjs, ldvdgl f tatfi ac :: vjrtjorftj cfugf spjkdjs.

Pbj rjptdijs kfpturj` kaeprdsj` caur `rflag spjkdjs (Flfed`fj), twa `dpia`fktyid`spjkdjs (@dpia`fktyid`fj), fg` sdx spjkdjs ac smdgm ([kdgkd`fj) tatfiidgl ;2 dg`dvdùfis. Garjptdij spjkdjs ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj wjrj rjkar`j`.

Avjrfii, tbj trfp rftj car tbj futueg survjy wfs iaw (6.;%) wbdkb ds gat surprdsdgl ldvjgtbj kaaijr tjepjrfturjs ft tbft tdej ac tbj yjfr. Pbj gueojrs ac rjptdij kfpturjs ojtwjjgsdtjs `d` gat `dccjr `rfeftdkfiiy. Bawjvjr, earj wjrj kfpturj` ft tbj sautbjrg-east sdtj




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([dtj 0) tbfg ft fii atbjr sdtjs wbjrj `dsturofgkj efy bfvj ojjg ijss tbfg ft tbjrjefdgdgl sdtjs. \bdij tbj ciarf survjy `d` gat jxtjg` ta tbds frjf, tbj vjljtftdagfssakdftdag ft tbds sdtj wfs `jtjredgj` ta oj Fkfkdf sbruoifg` fg` gat sdlgdcdkfgtiy`dccjrjgt ljgjrfiiy ta vjljtftdag jisjwbjrj dg tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf.

Car tbj tjrrjstrdfi efeefis, cdvj spjkdjs ac gftdvj tjrrjstrdfi efeefis rjprjsjgtdgl twa

cfedidjs fg` tatfiidgl jdlbt dg`dvdùfis wjrj kfpturj`. \dtbdg tbj Cfediy @fsyurd`fj,^sju`fgtjkbdgus efkàggjiijgsds Cft-tfdij` sju`fgtjkbdgus fg` [edgtbapsds aidkburf Idttij Iagl-tfdij` @uggfrt wjrj kfpturj` fg` wdtb tbj Cfediy Eurd`fj, twa spjkdjs acbappdgl edkj, Gataeys fijxds [pdgdcjx Bappdgl Eausj fg` Gataeys edtkbjiidd Edtkbjii—sBappdgl Eausj wjrj kfpturj`, dg f``dtdag ta ^sjuàeys bjrefggsourljgsds [fg`yDgifg` Eausj.

Pbj kfpturj ac jdlbt dg`dvdùfi efeefis ùrdgl tbds pjrda` trfgsiftjs dgta f trfp rftj ac>.?2%, wbdkb sulljsts tbft ft tbj tdej ac tbj survjy tbj frjf suppartj` vjry iaw gueojrsac efeefis. Bawjvjr, fs up ta cdvj spjkdjs ac gftdvj efeefi wjrj kfpturj , `dvjrsdtyac spjkdjs prjsjgt dg rjiftdag ta gueojrs ac efeefis kfulbt wfs rjiftdvjiy bdlb. Agiyagj spjkdjs ac gag-gftdvj efeefi, Eus euskuius Bausj Eausj wfs kfpturj`.

Fgfoft `jtjktars rjkar` tbj prjsjgkj ac ofts, rftbjr tbfg tbj gueojrs prjsjgt. Oftswjrj rjkar`j` ft fii ac tbj sjvjg trfppdgl lrd` sdtjs wdtb ojtwjjg caur fg` sdx spjkdjsrjkar`j` ft jfkb sdtj. Pbus, dt ds rjfsagfoij ta fssuej tbft tbj `dvjrsdty ac ofts prjsjgtjxtjg`s tbraulbaut tbj vjljtftj` frjfs ac tbj stu`y frjf.

Frestragl fg` Magdsbd (?>66) bdlbidlbt tbj `dccdkuitdjs dg `dstdgludsbdgl tbj `dccjrjgkjs dgsaej kfiis. Car jxfepij, tbj kfiis ac tbj Iagl-jfrj` ofts Gyktapbdius spp. frj typdkfiiy`dccdkuit ta d`jgtdcy ta spjkdjs, fg` tbasj rjkar`j` efy oj fttrdoutj` ta tbj Ijssjr Iagl-jfrj` Oft Gyktapbdius ljaccrayd ar tbj kjgtrfi Lrjftjr Iagl-jfrj` Oft G. efhar tar wbdkbds idstj` ug`jr ^rdardty 0 ac @JK—s ^rdardty Cfugf Idst

Jxkiu`dgl tbj passdodidtdjs car tbj ug-d`jgtdcdj` Gyktapbdids spjkdjs, ga efeefis ackagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj wjrj rjkar`j` urdgl tbj survjy.

[ystjeftdk odr` survjys wjrj kagùktj` deej`dftjiy fctjr sugrdsj fg` flfdg dg tbj iftjfctjrgaags. Pbj odr` kjgsusjs ydji j` f tatfi ac 062 dg`dvdùfis ac ?4 spjkdjs crae 60Cfedidjs. Agj Kdgkiasaef kfstfgatus Kbjstgut Vufdi-tbrusb wfs kfpturj` dg f kflj trfptbft ordgls tbjsj tatfis kaiijktdvjiy ta 064 dg`dvdùfi odr`s gueojrdgl ;> spjkdjs crae 6:Cfedidjs.

Pbj rjsuits ac tbj ?> edgutj eargdgl survjys dg`dkftj` tbft pfssjrdgjs (g 5 ?24)rjprjsjgt f efhardty (4;.:%) ac spjkdjs rjkar`j` dg tbj frjf wdtb agiy ?> dg`dvdùfis crae

twa Cfedidjs fkkaugtdgl car tbj gag-pfssjrdgjs (3.:%). \dtbdg tbj pfssjrdgjs, Fkfgtbdzd`s fkkaugtj` car earj odr`s (g 5 6>6, ;0.4%) tbfg fii atbjr spjkdjs. Pbj eastuodqudtaus ac tbj Fkfgtbdzd`s wfs [edkrargds orjvdrastrds \jjodii wdtb :< odr`s rjkar`j`,rjprjsjgtdgl :3% ac tbds lraup. Caiiawdgl tbj Fkfgtbdzd`s, tbj Efiurd s, rjprjsjgtj` oyEfiurus spijg`jgs [pijg`d` Cfdry-wrjg fg` E. ifeojrtd Sfrdjlftj` Cfdry-wrjg fkkaugtj`car ?3.3% ac fii tbj odr`s rjkar`j`, kaiijktdvjiy tatfiidgl << odr`s. Pbj ^rdardty 0 idstjÀrjadkf lutturfids Krjstj` Ojiiodr` wfs rjkar`j` ?4 tdejs fkkaugtdgl car 6>% ac tbj odr`srjkar`j`. Pbj rjefdgdgl spjkdjs fii rjkar`j` ijss tbfg 6>% jfkb ac tbj tatfi gueojr acodr`s rjkar`j`.

@urdgl tbj fctjrgaag survjys agiy agj gag-pfssjrdgj (Fustrfidfg _dglgjkm) wfs rjkar`j`rjsuitdgl dg 4<% ojdgl pfssjrdgjs. [dedifr ta tbj rjsuits crae tbj eargdgl survjys, tbj

Fkfgtbdzd`s autgueojrj` fii atbjr pfssjrdgjs. \bdij f ciakm (g 5 ~?>) ac ugd`jgtdcdj`Pbargodiis dgciftj` tbj gueojrs ac Fkfgtbdzd`s, tbj \jjodii (g 5 6:) fg` Dgifg` Pbargodii (g




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5 6;) fkkaugtj` car tbj efhardty ac tbj rjefdgdgl Fkfgtbdzd`s. Agiy tbj [pijg`d` Cfdry-wrjg Efiurus spijg`jgs autgueojrj` tbjsj spjkdjs wdtb ?6 ojdgl rjkar`j`.

Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbj kurrjgt ijvji ac `dsturofgkj crae jxpiarftdag fg` atbjr fssakdftjèdgdgl fktdvdtdjs, tbj tatfi gueojr ac odr`s rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk sfepidglsulljsts tbft rjsaurkjs fg`/ar bfodtft rjqudrj` wjrj f`jquftj ta efdgtfdg tbj gueojrs

fg` dvjrsdty prjsjgt.

Ac tbj odr`s kagsd`jrj` ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj idstj` car tbj frjf, jvd`jgkj ac tbjEfiijjcawi Ijdpaf akjiiftf wfs caug` fg` tbj Krjstj` Ojiiodr` Arjadkf luttjrfids wfsrjkar`j` ft jvjry sdtj fg` appartugdstdkfiiy. \bdij cdvj dgfktdvj Efiijjcawi eaug`s wjrjd`jgtdcdj` dg tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf, fg` agj dg tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf, ugkagcdrej`sdlbtdgls ac Efiijjcawis bfvj ojjg rjpartj` dg tbj frjf.

Jvd`jgkj ac cfugf rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy dgkiu`j agj fepbdodfg (^sjuàpbyrgjakkd`jgtfids \jstjrg Pafìjt) rjkar`j` ft tbj lrfgdtj autkrap wdtbdg 6: me crae tbjsurvjy frjf. Ac tbj rjptdijs rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy, caur dg`dvdùfis ac Kfdefgapsfepbdoaiurad`js, agj Ktjgapbarus skutuiftus fg` agj Ktjgatus sp. wjrj rjkar`j`. Cartbj efeefis, agj ^sju`fgtjkbdgus efkàggjiidjgsds, efkrapa` `rappdgls, _foodtAryktaiflus kugdkuius `rappdgls, `dlldgls fg` wfrrjgs, fg` @al Kfgds sp. `rappdgls tbftkaeprdsj` ugd`jgtdcdj` lrjy cur wjrj rjkar`j`.

Appartugdstdk rjkar`dgls ac odr`s fkkaugtj` car ?4 spjkdjs. Ac tbjsj, sdx wjrj gatrjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk odr` survjys, dg f``dtdag ta tbj sdlbtdgls ac (dgfktdvj)Efiijjcawi eaug`s. Kagvjrsjiy, sjvjg odr` spjkdjs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdksurvjys wjrj gat sjjg appartugdstdkfiiy

Pbj avjrfii kag`dtdag ac tbj vjljtftdag wdtbdg tbj survjy frjf ds `jskrdoj` fs ‒Jxkjiijgt—(Mjdlbjry 6440). \bdij tbj rjeavfi ac up ta 60> bjktfrjs ac gftdvj vjljtftdag wdii depfkt

ag cfugf, tbj vjljtftdag kfggat oj kagsd`jrj` ta oj sdlgdcdkfgt bfodtft car cfugfdg`dljgaus ta \jstjrg Fustrfidf.

_jkaeejg`ftdags

Pbj caiiawdgl ljgjrfi rjkaeejg`ftdags fppiy dg tbj kfsj ac fgy efhar `dsturofgkj taifrlj frjfs ac gftdvj vjljtftdag fs f kagsjqujgkj ac tbj prapasj` `jvjiapejgt car tbj[gfrm rahjkt8

• Fgy kijfrdgl oj edgdedsj` dg jxtjgt ldvjg tbft tbj foug`fgkj fg` `dvjrsdty acspjkdjs iast wdii oj prapartdagfi ta tbj feaugt ac bfodtft kijfrj`=

• \bjrj passdoij, fii dgcrfstrukturj fssakdftj` wdtb tbj `jvjiapejgt ac tbj edgdgl

apjrftdag oj fidlgj` prjcjrjgtdfiiy ta frjfs ac jxdstdgl dsturofgkj=• \bjrj passdoij, fkkjss rautjs oj fidlgj` ta jxdstdgl trfkms fg` atbjr ofrrdjrs ar

caiiaw tbj oaug`frdjs ac oraf`-skfij dgtfkt gftdvj vjljtftdag=

• F rjbfodidtftdag pifg ds `jvjiapj` tbft pralrjssdvjiy rjbfodidtftjs frjfs fs saag fstbjy frj ga iagljr rjqudrj`=

• Fii ejeojrs ac tbj warm carkj ag sdtj fttjg` fg jgvdragejgtfi dgùktdag ta jgsurjtbjy frj cfedidfr wdtb tbj vfiuj ac gftdvj vjljtftdag ta cfugf dg`dljgaus ta \jstjrg Fustrfidf. Pbds sbaui` dgkiu`j fwfrjgjss ac `rdvdgl rjstrdktdags, jgsurdgl tbft acc-raf` `rdvdgl ds edgdedsj`, cdrj prjvjgtdag ds fktdvjiy prfktdsj`, fg` fppraprdftjrjspagsjs frj caiiawj` dg tbj jvjgt ac fg fkkd`jgt dgvaivdgl cfugf8 fg`

• F kaeprjbjgsdvj Ijvji ? cfugf survjy oj kagùktj` dg [prdgl ta sftdscy J^F

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Dg f``dtdag, spjkdcdk rjkaeejg`ftdags frj ef`j dg rjiftdag ta tbj Efiijjcawi8

• F tfrljtj` Efiijjcawi survjy sbaui` oj ug`jrtfmjg oy f sudtfoiy qufidcdj` tjfe ta`jtjredgj tbj fktufi gueojr fg` stftus ac eaug`s wdtbdg tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjfdgkiu`dgl f 6>>e ouccjr frjf.

• Caiiawdgl tbds survjy fg` ldvjg tbj jvd`jgkj ac Efiijjcawi wdtbdg tbj zagj acdepfkt, f rjcjrrfi sbaui` oj suoedttj` ta tbj Cj`jrfi @jpfrtejgt ac [ustfdgfodidty,Jgvdragejgt, \ftjr, âpuiftdag fg` Kaeeugdtdjs (@[J\^FK) car fppravfi dgfkkar`fgkj wdtb tbj JÔK Fkt 6444.

• ^jg`dgl tbj rjsuits ac tbj tfrljtj` Efiijjcawi survjy fg` autkaej ac tbj@[J\^FK rjcjrrfi, f Efiijjcawi Efgfljejgt îfg sbaui` oj `jvjiapj`.



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6.; ^Z_Â[J AC PBD[ _JÂ_P .......................................................................................... ;

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?.? DGPJ_DE ODALJAL_F^BDK _JLDAGFID[FPDAG AC FZ[P_FIDF ............................. 66

?.; CIA_F FG@ SJLJPFPDAG EF^^DGL .......................................................................... 6?

?.;.6 [dtj sjijktdag .............................................................................................................. 60

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0.; CFZGF [Z_SJT PJFE .................................................................................................. ?0

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0.0.6 _jkaggfdssfgkj survjy ............................................................................................. ?:

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0.0.; Odr`s survjydgl ........................................................................................................... ;>

0.0.0 Oft survjydgl .............................................................................................................. ;6

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Cdlurj 6 - Iakftdag ac Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt Frjf ...................................................................... ?

Cdlurj ? ‛ _jldagfi Frjf sbawdgl Eaugt Efggdgl _fglj Gfturj _jsjrvj ......................... :

Cdlurj ; ‛ Iakftdag ac [gfrm ^rahjkt Frjf fg` Et Efggdgl _fglj Gfturj _jsjrvj ............ 3

Cdlurj 0 - Prfppdgl iakftdags wdtbdg tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf fg` iakftdag ac Efiijjcawieaug`s .................................................................................................................. <

Cdlurj : - Ejfg efxdeue fg` edgdeue tjepjrfturjs ft Ejgzdjs Ejtjaraialdkfi [tftdag . 2

Cdlurj 3 - Ejfg efxdeue fg` edgdeue tjepjrfturjs ft Ijagarf Ejtjaraialdkfi [tftdag . 2

Cdlurj < - _fdgcfii ftf car Ejgzdjs fg` Ijagarf Ejtjaraialdkfi [tftdags ......................... 6>

Cdlurj 2 - Sjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs d`jgtdcdj` dg [gfrm rahjkt frjf .................................... 6;

Cdlurj 4 - [kbjeftdk `dflrfe ac trfppdgl ugdt kagcdlurftdag car [dtjs 6, ?, 0, :, 3 fg` < .... ?<

Cdlurj 6> - [kbjeftdk dflrfe ac trfppdgl ugdt kagcdlurftdag car [dtj ; .............................. ?2

Cdlurj 66 - Gueojr ac dg`dvdùfi tjrrjstrdfi vjrtjorftjs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdksurvjys ................................................................................................................ ;;

Cdlurj 6? - [pjkdjs fkkueuiftdag kurvj car rjptdijs kfpturj` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk cfugfsurvjy .................................................................................................................. ;4

Cdlurj 6; - [pjkdjs fkkueuiftdag kurvj car gag-vaifgt gftdvj fg` gag-gftdvj efeefiskfpturj` urdgl tbj systjeftdk cfugf survjy ...................................................... 00

Cdlurj 60- [pjkdjs fkkueuiftdag kurvj car odr`s rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj Futueg ?>66 cfugfsurvjys ................................................................................................................ :?

PFOIJ[

Pfoij 6 - @fdiy tjepjrfturjs car sjijktj` `ftjs dg Efy ?>66 car Ijagarf ............................ 4

Pfoij ? - Prfppdgl sdtjs, gueojr ac bjktfrjs fg` pjrkjgt rjprjsjgtftdag ac vjljtftdagkaeeugdtdjs ........................................................................................................ 6:

Pfoij ; - [dtj gueojrs fg` tbjdr fssakdftj` vjljtftdag `jskrdptdags ................................. 63

Pfoij 0 - ^rjvdaus stu`djs dg tbj vdkdgdty ac tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf ............................. ?;

Pfoij : - Prfppdgl lrd` iakftdags fg` trfppdgl jccart ........................................................... ?4

Pfoij 3 - @ftjs fg` tdejs ac systjeftdk odr`s kjgsusjs kaeejgkj` ft jfkb sdtj ............. ;6

Pfoij < - @ftjs oft kfiis wjrj rjkar`j` ft jfkb sdtj ........................................................... ;?

Pfoij 2 - @ftjs fg` ùrftdag ac spatidlbtdgl carfys, dgkiu`dgl gueojrs ac pjrsaggji dgvaivj` ............................................................................................................................ ;?

Pfoij 4 - Gueojr ac dg`dvdùfi tjrrjstrdfi vjrtjorftjs rjkar`j` ft jfkb sdtj ....................... ;0

Pfoij 6> - _jptdijs spjkdjs rjkar`j` (dgkiu`dgl ejtba`) ùrdgl systjeftdk cfugf survjy . ;<

Pfoij 66 - Efeefi spjkdjs rjkar`j` (dgkiu`dgl ejtba`) ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk cfugfsurvjy .................................................................................................................. 0?

Pfoij 6? - [dtj oy spjkdjs eftrdx ac oft d`jgtdcdkftdags rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk cfugfsurvjy .................................................................................................................. 0?

Pfoij 6; - Fvdcfugf spjkdjs rjkar`j` urdgl systjeftdk sfepidgl ..................................... 03

Pfoij 60 ‛ Kaepfrftdvj odr` rjkar`dgls ojtwjjg appartugdstdk sdlbtdgls fg` systjeftdksfepidgl .............................................................................................................. 02

Pfoij 6: - Efiijjcawi Eaug` Iakftdags .............................................................................. 04

Pfoij 63 - Kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgt tjrrjstrdfi cfugf patjgtdfiiy akkurrdgl dg tbj stu`y frjf ............................................................................................................................ :0

ÎFPJ[

îftj 6 - [dtj 6 Apjg Jukfiypt waaìfg` (\:) .................................................................. 6<

îftj ? - [dtj ? Pfii edxj` Fkfkdf skruo ([:) ..................................................................... 6<

îftj ; - [dtj ; Apjg Fkfkdf skruo ([3) ............................................................................. 62

îftj 0 - [dtj 0 Fkfkdf sbruoifg` ........................................................................................ 62

îftj : - [dtj : Fiiakfsufrdgf skruo ([0) ............................................................................ 64

îftj 3 - [dtj 3 Apjg Fkfkdf skruo ([6) ............................................................................. 64

îftj < - [dtj < Apjg Fkfkdf skruo ([3) ............................................................................. ?>




vddd

îftj 2 - [dtj 2 Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy tfii Fiiakfsufrdgf skruo ([;) ......... ?>

îftj 4 - [dtj 4 Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy tfii Fiiakfsufrdgf skruo ([;) ......... ?6

îftj 6> - [dtj 6> Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy Apjg Fkfkdf skruo ([3) ............ ?6

îftj 66 - [dtj 66 Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy Fiiakfsufrdgf skruo ([0) ........... ??

îftj 6? ‛ Efiijjcawi Eaug` # 6......................................................................................... 04

îftj 6; - Efiijjcawi Eaug` # ? ......................................................................................... 04

îftj 60 - Efiijjcawi Eaug` # ; ......................................................................................... :>

îftj 6: - Efiijjcawi Eaug` # 0 ......................................................................................... :>

îftj 63 - Efiijjcawi Eaug` # : ......................................................................................... :>

îftj 6< - Efiijjcawi Eaug` # 3 autsd`j ac [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf .......................................... :6

F^^JG@DKJ[ F^^JG@DR F Sjljtftdag Kaeeugdtdjs d`jgtdcdj` urdgl Ciarf [urvjy (Efttdsmj ?>66) .... 3;

F^^JG@DR O Mjdlbjry, O.H. (6440) Sjljtftdag Kag`dtdag [kfijs ...................................... 33

F^^JG@DR K Kftjlardjs usj` dg tbj fssjssejgt ac kagsjrvftdag stftus .......................... 32

F^^JG@DR @ [pjkdjs idmjiy ta akkur dg tbj frjf fg` spjkdjs d`jgtdcdj` dg tbj frjf ........... <6

F^^JG@DR J @jpfrtejgt ac Jgvdragejgt fg` Kagsjrvftdag _jluiftdag 6< ^jredt .......... 20

F^^JG@DR C Fggatftj` Idst ‛ Fepbdodfgs ......................................................................... 22

F^^JG@DR L Fggatftj` Idst ‛ _jptdijs .............................................................................. 4>

F^^JG@DR B Fggatftj` Idst ‛ Efeefis ........................................................................... 4?

F^^JG@DR D Fggatftj` Idst ‛ Odr`s .................................................................................... 4:




6

6.> DGP_A@ZKPDAG

6.6 OFKML_AZG@

Efkfrtbur Edgjrfis Idedtj` (Efkfrtbur) ds jglflj` dg tbj jxpiarftdag fg` `jvjiapejgt acedgjrfi rjsaurkjs dg tbj Ifmj Ldijs frjf iakftj` wdtbdg tbj Zifrrdgl @dstrdkt ac tbj GartbKaailfr`dj Edgjrfi Cdji` tbft kaeprdsjs Fkbfjfg Lrfgdtj fg` Lgjdss Kaepijxjs (Cdlurj 6).

Pbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf ds iakftj` fppraxdeftjiy 0:> me gartbjfst ac ^jrtb fg` 6>> mewjst ac Ejgzdjs. Ac tbj efgy `jpasdts wdtbdg tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf, Efkfrtbur bfskagkjgtrftj` `rdiidgl dg f gartbjrg sjktdag, mgawg fs ‒[gfrm—, wbdkb ds rjpartj` ta bfvj fgDgcjrrj` Edgjrfi _jsaurkj ac <.: ediidag taggjs ac drag arj fs ac [jptjeojr ?>66. Pbj [gfrm^rahjkt Frjf kurrjgt tjgjejgts frj Edgdgl Ijfsjs ;>/?0;, ;>/?6;, ;>/?60, ;>/?6: fg`Jxpiarftdag Idkjgkjs ;>/?0> fg` ;>/;?0. Fii tjgjejgts frj 6>>% awgj` oy Efkfrtbur DragArj ^ty It`. Pbj kagtdluaus idvj tjgjejgts tbft efmj up tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf kavjrfppraxdeftjiy <2,>>> bf.

Dg ar`jr ta curtbjr pursuj edgdgl appartugdtdjs dg tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf, Efkfrtburkaeedssdagj` Mjdtb Idgòjkm fg` Fssakdftjs (MIF) ta fssdst dg tbj lavjrgejgt fppravfisprakjss.

6.? [KA^J AC [PZ@T

MIF wfs kaeedssdagj` dg Fprdi ?>66 ta ug`jrtfmj f kaeprjbjgsdvj Ijvji ? cfugffssjssejgt ac tbj vjljtftj` frjfs jgkaepfssdgl tbj prapasj` edgj fg` fssakdftj`dgcrfstrukturj rjiftj` ta tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt. Pbj survjy wfs pifggj` fg` depijejgtj` dgfkkar`fgkj wdtb Jgvdragejgtfi ^ratjktdag Futbardty (J^F) âsdtdag [tftjejgt Ga ;

’Pjrrjstrdfi Odaialdkfi [urvjys fs fg Jijejgt ac Oda`dvjrsdty ^ratjktdag― (J^F ?>>?),Lud`fgkj [tftjejgt Ga. :3 ’Pjrrjstrdfi Cfugf [urvjys car Jgvdragejgtfi Depfkt Fssjssejgt dg \jstjrg Fustrfidf― (J^F ?>>0) fg` ’Pjkbgdkfi Lud`j ‛ Pjrrjstrdfi SjrtjorftjCfugf [urvjys car Jgvdragejgtfi Depfkt Fssjssejgt― (J^F fg` @JK ?>6>).

Pbj J^F (?>>0) lud`jidgjs dg`dkftj tbft euitdpij, sjfsagfi survjys frj rjqudrj` car ofsjidgjdgcareftdag. Pbjrjcarj, agj Ijvji ? survjy wfs kagùktj` dg Futueg (Efy ?>66) fg` fsjkag` Ijvji ? survjy wdii oj kagùktj` dg [prdgl ?>66.

Dg Gavjeojr ?>6>, Efkfrtbur kaeedssdagj` f (Ijvji 6) `jsmtap cfugf fssjssejgt ac tbjIfmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf (Autofkm Jkaialy ?>66). Pbj rjsuits ac tbft cfugf fssjssejgt wjrjusj` ta pravd`j kagtjxtufi `ftf car tbj Ijvji ? survjy.

Pbj skapj ac warm car tbj Ijvji ? cfugf survjy wfs ta8

• ljgjrfiiy jskrdoj tbj vjljtftdag fssakdftdags dg tbj stu`y frjf=

• d`jgtdcy bfodtft tbft efy oj ac sdlgdcdkfgkj ta cfugf dg`dljgaus ta \jstjrg Fustrfidf=

• d`jgtdcy fgy bfodtfts ac pfrtdkuifr kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj car cfugf wdtbdg tbj stu`yfrjf=

• prjpfrj f cfugf dgvjgtary (ofsjidgj dgcareftdag) ac tbj frjf usdgl f kaeodgj`fpprafkb ac `jsm-tap rjsjfrkb dgkiu`dgl f rjvdjw ac jxdstdgl idtjrfturj fg` sdtjspjkdcdk, sjfsagfi cfugf survjys kaeprdsdgl f sudtj ac jstfoidsbj` survjytjkbgdqujs=

• d`jgtdcy cfugf ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj dg tbj frjf,




?

• pravd`j f rdsm fssjssejgt ta `jtjredgj patjgtdfi depfkts ta cfugf ac kagsjrvftdagsdlgdcdkfgkj= fg`

• pravd`j rjkaeejg`ftdags, dgkiu`dgl tbj efgfljejgt ac pjrkjdvj` depfkts ta cfugfbfodtfts fg` cfugf ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj wdtbdg tbj stu`y frjf.

Cdlurj 6 - Iakftdag ac Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt Frjf




;

6.; ^Z_Â[J AC PBD[ _JÂ_P

Pbds rjpart `jskrdojs tbj ejtbaàialy jepiayj` car agj sjfsagfi cfugf survjy ac tbj frjfjgkaepfssdgl tbj prapasj` edgj fg` fssakdftj` dgcrfstrukturj rjiftdgl ta tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt.Dt àkuejgts tbj kurrjgt mgawij`lj ac tbj patjgtdfiiy-akkurrdgl fg` survjyj` cfugf dg tbj

oraf`jr frjf fg` pravd`js tbj rjsuits ac tbj Futueg ?>66 survjy kagùktj` dg tbj suohjktfrjf. Dt fisa pravd`js rjkaeejg`ftdags tbft dgkiu`j edgdedsdgl depfkts ac tbj prapasj`prahjkt ag cfugf bfodtft fg` fssjeoifljs.

Pbj rjpart ds dgtjg`j` fs f suppartdgl àkuejgt ta fkkaepfgy Efkfrtbur—s edgdglfppravfis suoedssdags ta sftdscy stftutary rjqudrjejgts.

Pbj survjy ds suohjkt ta idedtftdags fg` tbjsj frj `dskussj` dg earj `jtfdi dg tbj fppraprdftjsjktdags.




0

?.> JRD[PDGL JGSD_AGEJGP

Pbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf idjs deej`dftjiy jfst ac tbj Ifmj Ldijs pifyf ifmj systjefppraxdeftjiy 6>> me wjst ac Ejgzdjs dg tbj Lai`cdji`s `dstrdkt ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf. Dt ds

iakftj` gartb jfst ac tbj Eaugt Efggdgl Gfturj _jsjrvj (;3?>2) fg` tbj gjwiy carejÈdgdgl _jsjrvj (:>4?4) (Cdlurjs ? fg` ;). Pbj apjrftdags wdii oj kfrrdj` aut ag Zgfiiakftj`Krawg Ifg` (ZKI) ag tbj edgdgl fg` jxpiarftdag tjgjejgts E;>/?0;, E;>/?6;, E;>/?60,E;>/?6:, J;>/?0> fg` J;>/;?0 (Cdlurj ;).

Pbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf jxtjg`s dg fg jfst-wjst `drjktdag fppraxdeftjiy 4 me iagl fg`fppraxdeftjiy ?.: me wd`j (Cdlurj 0).

?.6 KIDEFPJ

Pbj frjf jgkaepfssdgl [gfrm ds iakftj` kiasj ta tbj `jidgjftdag ojtwjjg tbj @jsjrt-Dgtjrej`dftj fg` [jed-@jsjrt Ej`dtjrrfgjfg odakideftdk rjldags, fisa `jskrdoj` fs sjed-frd` (Ojfr` 644>). Pbj frjf ds `ry car tbj efhardty ac tbj yjfr fg` ojgjcdkdfi rfdgs cfii dg iftjsueejr ta jfriy wdgtjr (Ojfr` 644>).

Pbj gjfrjst accdkdfi ejtjaraialdkfi stftdag ds iakftj` ft Ejgzdjs, fppraxdeftjiy 6>> me jfstac tbj survjy frjf. _jkar`dgls ac tbj iakfi kideftdk kag`dtdags kaeejgkj` ft Ejgzdjs dg6243 fg` jg`j` dg ?>>4 (Ourjfu ac Ejtjaraialy ?>66). Pbj gjxt kiasjst stftdag ds Ijagarf,fppraxdeftjiy 63> me sautbjfst ac [gfrm wbdkb bfs rjkar`s crae 6242 fg` kagtdgujs taeagdtar kideftdk kag`dtdags ta `ftj (Ourjfu ac Ejtjaraialy ?>66). @ftf crae oatb stftdags dsprjsjgtj` dg tbds rjpart.

?.6.6 PjepjrfturjCar Ejgzdjs, tbj ejfg fggufi edgdeue tjepjrfturj ds 6?.3aK fg` tbj ejfg fggufiefxdeue tjepjrfturj ds ?3.;aK (Cdlurj :). Pbj kai jst eagtb ds Huiy (ejfg edgdeuetjepjrfturj :.;aK), tbj battjst ds Hfgufry (ejfg efxdeue tjepjrfturj ;:.6aK), fg` `durgfitjepjrfturj vfrdftdags frj rjiftdvjiy kagsdstjgt tbraulbaut tbj yjfr (Cdlurj :). @durgfitjepjrfturj vfrdftdags car Ijagarf edrrar tbasj ac Ejgzdjs. Bawjvjr, Ijagarf rjkar`jàvjrfii sidlbtiy bdlbjr tjepjrfturjs wdtb tbj ejfg fggufi edgdeue ojdgl 6;.4aK, ejfgfggufi efxdeue ?<.4aK, kai`jst tjepjrfturj 3.6aK fisa dg Huiy fg` battjst fisa dg Hfgufryft ;<.6aK (Cdlurj 3).




:

Cdlurj ? ‛ _jldagfi Frjf sbawdgl Eaugt Efggdgl _fglj Gfturj _jsjrvj




3

Cdlurj ; ‛ Iakftdag ac [gfrm ^rahjkt Frjf fg` Et Efggdgl _fglj Gfturj _jsj




<

Cdlurj 0 - Prfppdgl iakftdags wdtb dg tbj [gfrm rahjkt frjf fg` iakftdag ac Efiijjcaw




2

Cdlurj : - Ejfg efxdeue fg` edgdeue tjepjrfturjs ft EjgzdjsEjtjaraialdkfi [tftdag

Cdlurj 3 - Ejfg efxdeue fg` edgdeue tjepjrfturjs ft IjagarfEjtjaraialdkfi [tftdag




4

Ejfg edgdeue fg` efxdeue tjepjrfturjs car tbj survjy pjrda`s wjrj rjiftdvjiy kagsdstjgtwdtb tbasj bdstardkfiiy car Efy. Pbj ejfg edgdeue tjepjrfturj car tbj Efy ?>66 survjypjrda` wfs 6>aK, kaepfrj` ta 6>.?aK ejfg edgdeue rjkar`j` avjr tbj ifst 3? yjfrs car tbjfrjf, fg` tbj ejfg efxdeue tjepjrfturj car tbj Efy survjy pjrda` (?6.2aK) wfs sdedifr tatbj iagl-tjre fvjrflj ac ??.2aK (Ourjfu ac Ejtjaraialy ?>66). Pfoij 6 idsts tbj edgdeue

fg` efxdeue tjepjrfturj rjkar`dgls car tbj pjrda`s spfggdgl tbj cfugf survjy (0 Efy?>66 ta 60 Efy ?>66).

Pfoij 6 - @fdiy tjepjrfturjs car sjijktj``ftjs dg Efy ?>66 car Ijagarf

?>66 Pjepjrfturj

@ftj Edg ¾K Efx ¾K

0-Efy 4.6 ?6.6

:-Efy 4.0 ?0.3

3-Efy 66.0 ?:.?

<-Efy 6?.? ?;.3

2-Efy 6>.3 ?;.?

4-Efy <.? ??.>

6>-Efy 2.3 ??.;

66-Efy 6>.? ?>.>

6?-Efy 2.3 64.2

6;-Efy 4.> 62.?

60-Efy 6;.? ?>.?

?.6.? _fdgcfii

Pbj fggufi fvjrflj rfdgcfii ft Ejgzdjs ds ?04.2 ee wbdkb cfiis ag fppraxdeftjiy ;?.6 rfdg`fys (Ourjfu ac Ejtjaraialy ?>66). Ijagarf ds iakftj` fppraxdeftjiy 6>> me gartb acEjgzdjs fg` tbj fggufi fvjrflj rfdgcfii fg` gueojr ac rfdg `fys ds efrldgfiiy ijss wdtb?;:.: ee cfiidgl ag fppraxdeftjiy ?4.2 rfdg `fys. Earj rfdg (7?> ee pjr eagtb) cfiis dg tbjcdrst bfic ac tbj yjfr tbfg dg tbj sjkag` bfic (9?> ee pjr eagtb) fg` tbds feaugt àjs gatvfry lrjftiy (Cdlurj <).

_fdgcfii dg tbj prjkj`dgl 6? eagtbs àjs gat kagcare ta iagl tjre fvjrfljs8 ojiaw-fvjrfljrfdgcfii wfs rjkar`j` car Efy ?>6> (6:.> ee), Hugj ?>6> (6?.0 ee), Efrkb ?>66 (;.0 ee),

Fprdi ?>66 (6;.2 ee) fg` Efy ?>66 (6?.2 ee) fg` foavj-fvjrflj rfdgcfii wfs rjkar`j` car[jptjeojr ?>6> (;<.? ee), @jkjeojr ?>6> (;?.2 ee), Hfgufry ?>66 (;2.? ee) wdtb fgjxkjssdvj feaugt rjkar`j` car Cjorufry ?>66 (64>.< ee) (Cdlurj <).

\bdij agiy 6?.2 ee rfdg wfs rjkar`j` car Efy ?>66, ga rfdg wfs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj pjrdaàc tbj [gfrm survjy fg` kjrtfdgiy ga rfdg cjii wbdij ag sdtj.




6>

Cdlurj < - _fdgcfii `ftf car Ejgzdjs fg` Ijagarf Ejtjaraialdkfi [tftdags

>

?>

0>

3>

2>

6>>

6?>

60>

63>

62>

?>>

Hfg Cjo Efr Fpr Efy Hug Hui Ful [jp Akt Gav @jk

_ f d g c f i i ( e e )

Eagtb

?>66

?>6>

Ejfg Ejgzdjs 6243„ ?>>4

Ejfg Ijagarf 624?„?>66




66

?.? DGPJ_DE ODALJAL_F^BDK _JLDAGFID[FPDAG AC FZ[P_FIDF

Pbj Dgtjrde Odaljalrfpbdk _jldagfidsftdag car Fustrfidf (DO_F) `dvd`js tbj Fustrfidfg

kagtdgjgt dgta 2: odarjldags fg` 0>; suorjldags (@jpfrtejgt ac tbj Jgvdragejgt, \ftjr,Bjrdtflj fg` tbj Frts ?>>4). Pbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf ds iakftj` ft tbj sautbjrg jg` ac tbjEurkbdsag DO_F rjldag wdtbdg tbj Eurkbdsag 6 (EZ_6) Jfst Eurkbdsag suorjldag (Kawfg ?>>6) deej`dftjiy gartb ac tbj Kaailfr`dj ? (KAA?) [autbjrg Krass suorjldag wdtbdg tbjKaailfr`dj DO_F rjldag (Kawfg jt fi. ?>>6). @uj ta [gfrm—s kiasj praxdedty ta oatb rjldags,oatb bfvj ojjg prjsjgtj` ojiaw.

Pbj Jfst Eurkbdsag odarjldag wbdkb tatfis avjr sjvjg ediidag bjktfrjs ds kbfrfktjrdsj` oyEuilf \aaìfg`s actjg rdkb dg jpbjejrfis, bueeakm lrfssifg`s, sfitousb sbruoifg`s fg`Bfiasfrkdf sbruoifg` (Kawfg ?>>6). Pbj frjf ds kbfrfktjrdsj` oy8

• dgtjrgfi rfdgflj,

• jxtjgsdvj frjfs ac jijvftj` rj` jsjrt sfg`pifdgs wdtb edgdefi ùgj `jvjiapejgt,

• sfit ifmj systjes tbft frj fssakdftj` wdtb tbj akkiu`j` fija`rfdgflj systje, fg`

• oraf` pifdgs ac rj`-orawg sadis fg` orjfmfwfy kaepijxjs fs wjii fs rj` sfg`pifdgs(Kawfg ?>>6).

Pbj suorjldag ds rdkb fg` `dvjrsj dg oatb dts ciarf fg` cfugf. Bawjvjr, east spjkdjs frjwd`j rfgldgl fg` usufiiy akkur dg ft ijfst agj, fg` actjg sjvjrfi, f`hadgdgl suorjldags(Kawfg ?>>6). Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbds, mgawg spjkdfi vfiujs dg rjiftdag ta tbj ifg`skfpj,jkasystje, spjkdjs fg` ljgjtdk vfiujs dg tbj suorjldag dgkiu`j8

• _frj Cjfturjs sukb fs kfikrjtj fqudcjrs dg tbj gartbjrg pfrts tbft suppart f ifrljvfrdjty ac [bart _fglj Jg`jedk ([_J) suotjrrfgjfg fquftdk cfugf,

• _frj tjrrjstrdfi spjkdjs dgkiu`j Lrjft @jsjrt [mdgm Jljrgdf mdgtarjd, Efiijjcawi

Ijdpaf akjiiftf, Fijxfg`rf—s ^frrat âiytjids fijxfg`rfj, Euilfrf @fsykjrkuskrdstdkfu`f fg` Tjiiaw-ojiidj` Oifkm [gfmj ^sju`jkbds outijrd, fg`

• Ifmj Ofrijj wbdkb rjprjsjgts f east departfgt orjj`dgl sdtj car Ofg`j` [tditsKifàrbygkbus ijukakjpbfius fg` rjculdf car efgy atbjr wftjr odr`s (Ourod`lj fg`Cuiijr 642? kdtj` dg Kawfg ?>>6).

Pbj Kaailfr`dj ? suorjldag ds iakftj` ag tbj ‒[autbjrg Krass Pjrrfdgs— ac tbj Tdilfrg Krftag(Kawfg jt fi. ?>>6). Pbj frjf ds kbfrfktjrdsj` oy cfdriy cift rjidjc wdtb agiy sidlbt ugùiftdglupifg`s `dvd`j` oy wd`j vfiijys wdtb ofg`s ac iaw lrjjgstagj bdiis. Pbj vfiijys kagsdst acVuftjrgfry ùpijx fg` lrf`ftdagfi sadis wdtb kbfdgs ac sfidgj pifyf-ifmjs. Fraug` tbj sfitifmjs fg` ag tbj lrjjgstagj bdiis fg` vfiijys, `dvjrsj Jukfiyptus waaìfg`s kfg oj caug`,wbdij ag tbj sfit ifmjs `wfrcj` sbruoifg`s ac sfepbdrj akkur. \dtbdg tbj uppjr ijvjis ac tbj

ifg`skfpj, jra`j` rjegfgts ac f iftjrdtdk urdkrust bfvj praùkj` yjiiaw sfg`pifdgs, lrfvjiiysfg`pifdgs fg` iftjrdtj orjfmfwfys. Pbj vjljtftdag fssakdftj` wdtb upifg`s dgkiu`jsEfiijjs, sbruo-bjftbs ac Fiiakfsufrdgf, Ejifijukf fg` Fkfkdf spjkdjs, wdtb efgy jg`jedkfkfkdfs fg` Eyrtfkjfj.

Pbds suorjldagfi frjf jxtjg`s avjr <,>06,?;? bf fg` mgawg spjkdfi vfiujs dg rjiftdag ta tbjifg`skfpj, jkasystje, spjkdjs fg` ljgjtdk vfiujs dg tbj suorjldag dgkiu`j8

• _frj Cjfturjs sukb fs frd` waaìfg`s fg` rfrj vjrtjorftjs dgkiu`dgl Kbu`dtkb,[ijg`jr-odiij` Pbargodii, Efhar Edtkbjii—s Kakmftaa fg` Efiijjcawi,

• Kjgtrjs ac jg`jedse car Ktjgatus xjgapijurf, Gjpbrurus stjiiftus, ofg`j`-dragstagj bdii ciarf, sfg`pifdg fkfkdfs fg` Eyrtfkjfj fg` lai`cdji`s waaìfg`s, fg`

•

Bdlb [pjkdjs fg` Jkasystje @dvjrsdty rjprjsjgtj` oy ofg`j` dragstagj rfgljs,jpbjejrfi ciarf kaeeugdtdjs ac Pjrtdfry sfg`pifdg skruos fg` ac vfiijy ciaarwaaìfg`s (Kawfg jt fi. ?>>6).




6?

?.; CIA_F FG@ SJLJPFPDAG EF^^DGL

Pbj prahjkt frjf ds iakftj` wdtbdg tbj Kaailfr`dj Oatfgdkfi ^ravdgkj ac tbj sautbwjstDgtjrzagj fs `jcdgj` oy Ojfr` (644>). Ojfr` (ap. kdt.) `jskrdojs tbj Kaailfr`dj Oatfgdkfi

^ravdgkj fs ljgtiy ugùiftdgl wdtb akkfsdagfi rfgljs ac iaw bdiis, wdtb sfg`pifdgs dg tbjwjstjrg pfrt fg` saej ifrlj pifyf ifmjs, wdtb prdgkdpfiiy orawg kfikfrjaus jfrtbs. Pbjug`jriydgl ljaialy ds `jrdvj` crae ^ratjrazadk lrfgdtj fg` lgjdss ac tbj Crfsjr _fglj Oiakmfg` Frkbfjfg lrfgdtj wdtb dgcai`j` vaikfgdk fg` ejtf-sj`dejgts ac tbj Tdilfrg Oiakm (Ojfr`644>). Dragstagj autkrappdgl fg` ofg`j` dragstagj careftdag rfgljs frj kaeeag dg tbjwd`jr frjf (Efttdsmj ?>66).

Efttdsmj (?>66) kagùktj` ciarf fg` vjljtftdag survjys ac tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf dgCjorufry, Efrkb fg` Efy ?>66. F tatfi ac 30 sfepidgl sdtjs wjrj survjyj` dg f``dtdag taappartugdstdk kaiijktdags ac pifgts prjvdausiy ugrjkar`j`. [urvjy sdtjs kagsdstj` ac ?: e x?: e quf`rfts.

Caurtjjg pifgt kaeeugdtdjs wjrj `jcdgj` wdtbdg tbj frjf survjyj` fg` fg f``dtdagfi `dstdgktJukfiypt waaìfg` kaeeugdty wfs d`jgtdcdj` autsd`j ac tbj survjy frjf (Efttdsmj ?>66).Pbjsj vjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs wjrj orafìy kifssdcdj` fs ‒[bruoifg`s— ([6 ta [<) fg`‒\aaìfg`s— (\6 ta \2) (Cdlurj 2). @jskrdptdags ac jfkb vjljtftdag kaeeugdty frj pravd`j`dg Fppjg`dx F.

F tatfi ac 6?0 vfskuifr pifgt tfxf crae :< pifgt ljgjrf fg` ?2 pifgt cfedidjs wjrj rjkar`j`wdtbdg tbj survjy frjf (Efttdsmj ?>66). Pbj efhardty ac tfxf wjrj rjkar`j` wdtbdg tbjCfofkjfj (6< tfxf), Kbjgapa`dfkjfj (6: tfxf) fg` Eyrtfkjfj (6? tfxf) Cfedidjs. Ga@jkifrj` _frj Ciarf (@_C) spjkdjs wjrj rjkar`j` wdtbdg tbj survjy frjf. Bawjvjr, twa^rdardty Ciarf spjkdjs Ofgmsdf froarjf (^0) fg` Lrjvdiijf jrjktdiaof (^0) wjrj rjkar`j` dgtbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf.

Gagj ac tbj pifgt kaeeugdtdjs efppj` oy Efttdsmj (?>66) rjsjeoij fgy ac tbj Pbrjftjgj`Jkaialdkfi Kaeeugdtdjs (PJK) idstj` ug`jr tbj Cj`jrfi Jgvdragejgtfi ^ratjktdag fgÒda`dvjrsdty Kagsjrvftdag (JÔK) Fkt 6444 ar ag tbj @jpfrtejgt ac Jgvdragejgt fg`Kagsjrvftdag (@JK) @ftfofsj. Bawjvjr, agj ^rdardty Jkaialdkfi Kaeeugdty (^JK) tbj’Ifmj Ldijs vjljtftdag kaepijxjs (ofg`j` dragstagj careftdags)― bfs ojjg rjkar`j` wdtbdgtbj Ifmj Ldijs Frjf (Autofkm Jkaialy ?>6>). F sjkag` ^JK, tbj ’Ofg`j` Dragstagj Bdiiswdtb Ofgmsdf froarjf― ^rdardty 6 ^JK fisa bfs tbj patjgtdfi ta akkur dg ar fraug` tbj survjyfrjf. Pbj iakftdags (fg` depidkftdags) ac tbjsj ^JKs kfggat oj kagcdrej` fs tbjrj ds idedtj`dgcareftdag ag tbjsj kaeeugdtdjs fvfdifoij crae @JK.

Ga dgtraùkj` (jxatdk) tfxf wjrj rjkar`j` dg tbj survjy frjfs.




6;

Cdlurj 2 - Sjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs d`jgtdcdj` dg [gfrm ^rahjkt fctjr Efttdsmj (?>66)




60

?.;.6 Prfppdgl sdtj sjijktdag

Dg ar`jr ta tfmj f`vfgtflj ac rjkjgt rfdgcfii jvjgts, Efkfrtbur kaeedssdagj` MIF takagùkt tbj kaeprjbjgsdvj Ijvji ? cfugf survjy dg Efy ?>66. Prfppdgl sdtj sjijktdagwfs tbjrjcarj ug`jrtfmjg prdar ta tbj rjkjdpt ac tbj ciarf survjy fg` dts `jidgjftdag fg``jskrdptdag ac vjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs. Gatwdtbstfg dgl tbds, fg fttjept wfs ef`j ta

sfepij cfugf dg rjprjsjgtftdvj vjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs fiagl tbj ijgltb ac tbj frjfprapasj` car `dsturofgkj, fg` rjpidkftj tbjsj wdtbdg tbj efhar lraups wbjrj passdoij. Dgf``dtdag, sjijktdvj trfppdgl wfs kagùktj` dg frjfs ac ofg`j` drag careftdag (ODC) wbjrjdt wfs gat passdoij ta dgstfii kagvjgtdagfi pdt trfps. Pbus, sjvjg ‒kagvjgtdagfi— trfppdgllrd`s ([dtjs 6 ta <) wjrj jstfoidsbj` wdtb sdx wdtbdg tbj prapasj` [gfrm `dsturofgkj frjffg` agj ([dtj 0) ta tbj sautb ac tbj zagj ac depfkt, fg` fg f``dtdagfi caur sefiijr sdtjs([dtjs 2 ta 66) wjrj iakftj` dg frjfs ac ODC (Cdlurj 0).

Fgfiysds ac tbj frjf survjyj` oy Efttdsmj (?>66) (?:<<.0 bf) dg`dkftjs tbft 2>% ac tbjfrjf kaeprdsjs ( Fkfkdf fg` Fiiakfsufrdgf) sbruoifg` wdtb tbj rjefdgdgl ?>% kaeprdsdgl(Jukfiyptus) waaìfg` (Pfoij ? fg` Pfoij ;). Pjg (46%) ac tbj 66 trfppdgl sdtjs wjrjiakftj` dg sbruoifg` wdtb cdvj dg Fkfkdf sbruoifg` fg` caur dg Fiiakfsufrdgf sbruoifg`.

Agiy agj trfppdgl sdtj wfs iakftj` dg Jukfiyptus waaìfg` (\:). Bawjvjr, dt ds gatj`tbft ft ijfst twa ac tbj sbruoifg` kaeeugdtdjs fisa suppartj` Jukfiyptus spjkdjs. PbdsJukfiyptus waaìfg` (\:) wfs tbj sjkag` ifrljst Jukfiyptus waaìfg` (6?> bf)d`jgtdcdj` dg tbj frjf survjyj` fg` rjprjsjgtj` ?;.:% ac fii waaìfg`s wdtbdg tbj frjf.Ac tbasj kaeeugdtdjs dg wbdkb ga trfppdgl lrd`s wjrj dgstfiij`, [? (6<.: bf) rjprjsjgtj`96%, [< (;<.: bf) rjprjsjgtj` 9?% fg` tbj Jukfiyptus waaìfg`s (;4; bf) rjprjsjgtj`963% ac tbj tatfi frjf survjyj`. Pbjrjcarj, dt ds rjfsagfoij ta sulljst tbft tbj efharvjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs wdtbdg tbj [gfrm prahjkt frjf wjrj f`jquftjiy sfepij`. Dt ds fisagatj` tbft agj trfppdgl sdtj ([dtj 0) wfs gat dgkiu`j` dg tbj ciarf survjy.

Dg fkkar`fgkj wdtb tbj Mjdlbjry (6440) vjljtftdag kag`dtdag skfijs (Fppjg`dx O), tbjavjrfii kag`dtdag ac tbj vjljtftdag wdtbdg tbj survjy frjf kfg ljgjrfiiy oj `jskrdoj` fs

‒Jxkjiijgt—. Fieast fii `dsturofgkjs wdtbdg tbj frjf wjrj `drjktiy rjiftj` ta rjkjgtjxpiarftdag fktdvdty fg` fssakdftj` trfkms. \bdij jvjry fttjept wfs ef`j ta iakftjsfepidgl sdtjs dg frjfs ac ijfst `dsturofgkj, fkkjss fg` prfktdkfidty rjsuitj` dg east sdtjsojdgl wdtbdg kiasj praxdedty ta vjbdkuifr trfkms ar jxdstdgl `dsturofgkj.

Pfoij ; idsts tbj jijvjg sfepidgl frjfs fg` tbjdr rjspjktdvj vjljtftdag fssakdftdags fg`îftjs 6 ta 66 pravd`j pbatalrfpbdk rjprjsjgtftdag ac tbj trfppdgl frjfs.




6:

Pfoij ? - Prfppdgl sd tjs, gueojr ac bjktfrjs fg` pjrkjgt

rjprjsjgtftdag ac vjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs

Prfppdgl

Sjljtftdag

lraup Bjktfrjs % %

[dtj fctjr Efttdsmj (?>66) [bruoifg`s Patfi

[bruoifg`s

3 [6 ;<?.:4 62.>: 60.03

„ [? 6<.:? >.2: >.32

2, 4 [; 42.>3 0.<: ;.2>

:, 66 [0 6?23.<3 3?.;0 04.4;

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;, <, 6> [3 ?0<.22 6?.>6 4.3?

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[uotatfi ?>30.6 6>>.>> 2>.>4

\aaìfg`s

„ \6 3<.02 6;.6: ?.3?

„ \? ?4.;: :.<? 6.60

„ \; ;?.03 3.;? 6.?3

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;:.0: 3.46 6.;2

„ \2 :4.:? 66.3> ?.;6

[uotatfi :6;.?3 6>>.>> 64.46

Patfi ?:<<.;3 6>>.>>




63

Pfoij ; - [dtj gueojrs fg` tbjdr fssakdftj` vjljtftdag `jskrdptdags(dg fkkar`fgkj wdtb Efttdsmj (?>66))

[dtj Sjljtftdag `jskrdptdags

6

\:8 Apjg waaìfg` ac Jukfiyptus sfiuords wdtb akkfsdagfi Fiiakfsufrdgfkfepjstrds avjr Fkfkdf tjtrflagapbyiif, Jrjeapbdif ai`cdji`dd suosp. fglustdcaidf, Fiyxdf ouxdcaidf, [fgtfiue spdkftue avjr ^rastfgtbjrf fitbacjrd suosp. fitbacjrd,

Jgkbyifjgf sp., Efdrjfgf 1trdkbaptjrf fg` ^tdiatus aoavftus vfr. aoavftus ag ciftta iawjr siapjs wdtb cdgj dragstagj pjooijs

?

[:8 Pfii edxj` skruo ac Fkfkdf rfeuiasf vfr. rfeuiasf, Fkfkdf tjtrflagapbyiif, Fkfkdf 1fyjrsdfgf, Fkfkdf ourmdttdd fg` Fkfkdf fgjurf wdtb jejrljgt Jukfiyptuslrdccdtbsdd fg` Jukfiyptus strdkmifg`dd avjr [aifgue ifsdapbyiiue, [d`f jktalfef,^tdiatus aoavftus vfr. aoavftus fg` [d`f spaàkbraef ag cift ta iawjr siapjs wdtbrj`-orawg kify sadis

;

[38 Apjg skruo ac Fkfkdf fyjrsdfgf, Fkfkdf kakmjrtagdfgf, Fkfkdf tjtrflagapbyiiffg` Jrjeapbdif appasdtdcaidf suosp. fglustdcaidf avjr Jrjeapbdif iftraojd suosp.iftraojd, Jrjeapbdif `jkdpdjgs suosp. `jkdpdjgs, ^rastfgtbjrf fitbacjrd suosp.fitbacjrd fg` ^bdiatbjkf orukjd suosp. orukjd avjr Aijfrdf buedids ag ed`- ta uppjrsiapjs

0 Fkfkdf sbruoifg` wdtb jejrljgt Jukfiypts*

:

[08 [kruo ac Fiiakfsufrdgf kfepjstrds, Fiiakfsufrdgf `djisdfgf, Fkfkdf ourmdttdd, Fkfkdf rfeuiasf vfr. rfeuiasf fg` Fkfkdf fgjurf wdtb akkfsdagfi jejrljgtJukfiyptus kfpdiiasf suosp. kfpdiiasf fg` Jukfiyptus strdkmifg`dd avjr Fkfkdftjtrflagapbyiif, @aàgfjf rdld`f fg` [kfjvaif spdgjskjgs avjr ^tdiatus aoavftusvfr. aoavftus fg` [d`f kfiyxbyejgdf ag cift ta ed` siapjs wdtb dragstagj pjooijs

3

[68 Apjg skruo ac Fkfkdf rfeuiasf vfr. rfeuiasf fg` Fkfkdf fgjurf avjr^bdiatbjkf orukjd suosp. orukjd, @aàgfjf rdld`f, Jrjeapbdif fitjrgdcaidf fg`Jrjeapbdif iftraojd 1suosp. iftraojd avjr Aijfrdf buedids ag cifts ta iaw gfturfirjidjc wdtb kaepfkt idlbt orawg kify sadis

<

[38 Apjg skruo ac Fkfkdf fyjrsdfgf, Fkfkdf kakmjrtagdfgf, Fkfkdf tjtrflagapbyiiffg` Jrjeapbdif appasdtdcaidf suosp. fglustdcaidf avjr Jrjeapbdif iftraojd suosp.iftraojd, Jrjeapbdif `jkdpdjgs suosp. `jkdpdjgs, ^rastfgtbjrf fitbacjrd suosp.fitbacjrd fg` ^bdiatbjkf orukjd suosp. orukjd avjr Aijfrdf buedids ag ed`- ta uppjrsiapjs

2

Frjf ac Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy tfii skruo ac Fiiakfsufrdgffkutdvfivds suosp. fkutdvfivds, Fkfkdf quf`rdefrldgjf, Fkfkdf rfeuiasf vfr.rfeuiasf, Fkfkdf fgjurf vfr. fgjurf wdtb jejrljgt Orfkbykbdtag lrjlardd avjr^bdiatbjkf orukjd suosp. orukjd, Jrjeapbdif iftraojd suosp. iftraojd, Fkfkdftjtrflagapbyiif fg` @aàgfjf rdld`f avjr [d`f jktalfef, Kbjdifgtbjs orawgdd fgÀijfrdf eujiijrd ag ed` siapjs ta rd`ljs wdtb lrfvjiiy kifys ([;)

4

Frjf ac Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy tfii skruo ac Fiiakfsufrdgffkutdvfivds suosp. fkutdvfivds, Fkfkdf quf`rdefrldgjf, Fkfkdf rfeuiasf vfr.rfeuiasf, Fkfkdf fgjurf vfr. fgjurf wdtb jejrljgt Orfkbykbdtag lrjlardd avjr^bdiatbjkf orukjd suosp. orukjd, Jrjeapbdif iftraojd suosp. iftraojd, Fkfkdftjtrflagapbyiif fg` @aàgfjf rdld`f avjr [d`f jktalfef, Kbjdifgtbjs orawgdd fgÀijfrdf eujiijrd ag ed` siapjs ta rd`ljs wdtb lrfvjiiy kifys ([;)

6>

Frjf ac Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy apjg skruo ac Fkfkdf fyjrsdfgf, Fkfkdf kakmjrtagdfgf, Fkfkdf tjtrflagapbyiif fg` Jrjeapbdif appasdtdcaidf suosp.fglustdcaidf avjr Jrjeapbdif iftraojd suosp. iftraojd, Jrjeapbdif `jkdpdjgs suosp.`jkdpdjgs, ^rastfgtbjrf fitbacjrd suosp. fitbacjrd fg` ^bdiatbjkf orukjd suosp.orukjd avjr Aijfrdf buedids ag ed`- ta uppjr siapjs ([3)

66

Frjf ac Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy [kruo ac Fiiakfsufrdgf kfepjstrds, Fiiakfsufrdgf `djisdfgf, Fkfkdf ourmdttdd, Fkfkdf rfeuiasf vfr. rfeuiasf fg` Fkfkdffgjurf wdtb akkfsdagfi jejrljgt Jukfiyptus kfpdiiasf suosp. kfpdiiasf fg`Jukfiyptus strdkmifg`dd avjr Fkfkdf tjtrflagapbyiif, @aàgfjf rdld`f fg` [kfjvaifspdgjskjgs avjr ^tdiatus aoavftus vfr. aoavftus fg` [d`f kfiyxbyejgdf ag cift taed` siapjs wdtb dragstagj pjooijs ([0)

* @jskrdptdag crae MIF fs frjf autsd`j ac Efttdsmj ciarf survjy frjf




6<

îftj 6 - [dtj 6 Apjg Jukfiypt waaìfg` (\:)

îftj ? - [dtj ? Pfii edxj` Fkfkdf skruo ([:)




62

îftj ; - [dtj ; Apjg Fkfkdf skruo ([3)

îftj 0 - [dtj 0 Fkfkdf sbruoifg`




64

îftj : - [dtj : Fi iakfsufrdgf skruo ([0)

îftj 3 - [dtj 3 Apjg Fkfkdf skruo ([6)




?>

îftj < - [dtj < Apjg Fkfkdf skruo ([3)

îftj 2 - [dtj 2 Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy tfii Fi iakfsufrdgf skruo ([;)




?6

îftj 4 - [dtj 4 Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy tfii

Fi iakfsufrdgf skruo ([;)

îftj 6> - [dtj 6> Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag surraug`j` oy Apjg Fkfkdf skruo ([3)




??

îftj 66 - [dtj 66 Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag sur raug`j` oy

Fi iakfsufrdgf skruo ([0)

;.> IDPJ_FPZ_J _JSDJ\

Pbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf ds surraug`j` oy pfstarfi ijfsjs ta tbj jfst fg` wjst wdtb Eaugt

Efggdgl Gfturj _jsjrvj ta tbj sautbwjst fg` atbjr edgdgl apjrftdags wdtbdg kiasjpraxdedty. Dg f``dtdag ta tbj Ijvji 6 `jsmtap cfugf fssjssejgt ac tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjktfrjf (Autofkm Jkaialy ?>66), prjvdaus vjrtjorftj survjys bfvj ojjg kaepijtj`rjldagfiiy fs pfrt ac jgvdragejgtfi depfkt fssjssejgts ac apjrftdagfi edgjs fg`jxpiarftdag prahjkts. \dtb rjcjrjgkj ta tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf, tbjsj dgkiu`j cfugfsurvjys kagùktj` wdtbdg8

• tbj Ofrijj-Ejgzdjs stu`y frjf oy tbj Odaialdkfi [urvjys Kaeedttjj (Ourod`lj jtfi. 644:),

• tbj Bjijgf fg` Furarf _fglj (Kbfpefg fg` ^ragm 644<),

• tbj Kfrdgf ^raspjkt frjf dg tbj Tdilfrg (Gdgax ?>>4) fg`

• @jkjptdag @jpasdt frjf car Kidccs Fsdf ^fkdcdk Drag Arj ^ty It` (Odatf ?>66).

Dg f``dtdag, tbj J^F (?>><) prjpfrj` edgdstjrdfi f`vdkj ag frjfs ac bdlbjst kagsjrvftdagvfiuj dg tbj prapasj` jxtjgsdags ta Eaugt Efggdgl Gfturj _jsjrvj. Cfugfifssjeoifljs crae tbds rjpart bfvj fisa ojjg kagsd`jrj`.

Pbj iakftdags ac tbjsj stu`djs fg` tbjdr `jskrdptdags frj ordjciy sueefrdsj` dg Pfoij 0.Cfugf rjkar`j` crae tbjsj survjys ds dgkiu`j` dg Fppjg`dx @ fg` kaepfrdsags frj`dskussj` dg jfkb sjktdag.




?;

Pfoij 0 - ^rjvdaus stu`djs dg tbj vdkdgdty ac tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf

Kdtftdag Pdtij @jskrdptd ag ac [tu`y Fppraxdeftj `dstf[gfrm ^rahjkt frjf

Ourod`lj jt fi. (644:)

Pbj Odaialdkfi [urvjy ac tbjJfstjrg Lai`cdji`s frt 6?8Ofrijj -Ejgzdjs [tu`y Frjf

Dgvjgtary ac vjljtftdag, ciarffg` cfugf ac stu`y frjfprjpfrj` oy tbj Odaialdkfi[urvjys Kaeedttjj

Et Efggdgl Gfturj 96> me crae sautbac [gfrm rahjkt frjJivrdj8 ~0:me ta ga

Kbfpefg fg` ^ragm (644<)

Sjrtjorftj [urvjy dg f odaialdkfisurvjy ac tbj Bjijgf fg` Furarf_fglj Odaialdkfi [urvjy wdtb trfppdgl

Bjijgf-Furarf _fglsautbwjst

J^F (?>><)

F`vdkj ag frjfs ac tbj bdlbjstkagsjrvftdag vfiuj dg tbjprapasj` jxtjgsdags ta EaugtEfggdgl Gfturj _jsjrvj8Ouiijtdg 6?:3

Edgdstjrdfi f`vdkj dg rjiftdag ta8Pbj iakftdag ac tbj bdlbjstkagsjrvftdag vfiujs dg tbjprapasj` jxtjgsdags ta tbj EtEfggdgl Gfturj _jsjrvj.

Et Efggdgl Gfturj 96> me crae tbj sauoar`jr ac [gfrm ^ra

Gdgax (?>>4)

F Cfugf [urvjy ac tbj Kfrdgf

^raspjkt 8 Tdilfrg Drag Arj^rahjkt Ijvji ? Cfugf [urvjy Kfrdgf raspjkt8 ~3

Odatf (?>66)@jkjptdag @jpasdt SjrtjorftjCfugf [urvjy Ijvji ? Cfugf [urvjy

@jkjptdag @jpasdt8 wjst




?0

0.> [Z_SJT EJPBA@AIALT

0.6 @FPFOF[J [JF_KBJ[

Pbj agidgj JÔK ^ratjktj` Efttjrs [jfrkb Paai wfs usj` ta `jtjredgj fgy spjkdjs

idstj` ug`jr tbj JÔK Fkt 6444 car tbj frjf.

F sjfrkb wfs kaeedssdagj` ac tbj Pbrjftjgj` fg` ^rdardty Cfugf @ftfofsj bji` oy tbj@JK fs rjkalgdsj` ug`jr tbj \jstjrg Fustrfidfg \diìdcj Kagsjrvftdag Fkt (\KF) 64:>fg` kagsd`jrj` oy tbj @JK fs spjkdjs ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj.

@JK—s GfturjEfp wfs sjfrkbj` car rjkar`s ac cfugf spjkdejgs vaukbjrj` ft tbj\jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue fg` tbj Odr`s Fustrfidf Ftifs @ftfofsj wfs sjfrkbj` car odr`spjkdjs idstj` wdtbdg tbj survjy frjf.

Kftjlardjs fg` `jskrdptdags ac tbj kagsjrvftdag stftus ac cfugf spjkdjs frj pravd`j` dg Fppjg`dx K fg` tbj rjsuits ac tbj `ftfofsjs sjfrkbjs frj sbawg dg Fppjg`dx @. Fs tbj

suohjkt frjf àjs gat jgtjr efrdgj systjes, aoidlftj efrdgj fgdefis bfvj ojjg jxkiu`j`crae tbj rjsuits prjsjgtj` dg tbds rjpart.

0.? [Z_SJT PDEDGL

J^F Lud`fgkj [tftjejgt Ga. :3 stftjs tbft tbj east departfgt sjfsagfi fktdvdty tdejs carefgy cfugfi lraups frj rjiftj` ta rfdgcfii fg` tjepjrfturj (J^F ?>>0). F survjy dg tbjsjfsag tbft caiiaws tbj sjfsag ac efxdeue rfdgcfii ds ljgjrfiiy tbj east praùktdvj fg`departfgt survjy tdej. Pbjrjcarj, fg` kagvjgtdagfiiy, cfugf survjys frj kagùktj` od-sjfsagfiiy dg sprdgl fg` futueg.

Pbj kideftj ac tbj Eurkbdsag/Kaailfr`dj rjldag ds ljgjrfiiy `jskrdoj` fs sjed-frd`(Ojfr` 644>). _fdgcfii ds fppraxdeftjiy ?:> ee pjr fggue fg` eastiy cfiis ojtwjjgHfgufry fg` Hugj ([jktdag ?.6). \bdij rfdgcfii dg tbj prjvdaus 6? eagtbs àjs gatkagcare ta iagl-tjre fvjrfljs, wdtb saej ojiaw-fvjrflj rjkar`dgls fg` atbjr foavjfvjrflj rjkar`dgls, foavj fvjrflj rfdgcfii wfs rjkar`j` dg @jkjeojr ?>6>, Hfgufry?>66, fg` fg feaugt ac rfdg wjii jxkjj`dgl tbj fvjrflj wfs rjkar`j` dg Cjorufry ?>66(~64> ee). Pdedgl ac tbj survjy wfs, tbjrjcarj, aptdefi ojdgl ug`jrtfmjg ùrdgl tbjfutueg eagtbs caiiawdgl f rjkjgt efxdeue rfdgcfii jvjgt.

Pbj cfugf survjy wfs kagùktj` avjr f tjg-`fy pjrda` crae 0 Efy ta 60 Efy ?>66.

0.; CFZGF [Z_SJT PJFE

Pbj tjfe fssdstdgl wdtb tbj jstfoidsbejgt ac tbj trfppdgl lrd`s fg` kagùktdgl tbj Futueg ?>66 survjy kaeprdsj` @r Sd [fccjr, Jrdkf EfkDgtyrj fg` Bfedsb Ourgjtt craeMIF. Ejrrd Ofrtijtt crae MIF fssdstj` wdtb tbj cdrst caur `fys ac tbj survjy, _yfg Oaw`jgcrae Arodt @rdiidgl fssdstj` wdtb tbj ejkbfgdkfi `dlldgl ac tbj baijs car tbj pdt trfps, [tufrtEdiijr fg` Oraamj \diids crae Efkfrtbur fssdstj` wdtb tbj dgstfiiftdag ac tbj trfppdgljqudpejgt (cdrst twa `fys ac tbj survjy) fg` [tufrt EkMdggag crae Efkfrtbur fssdstj`wdtb tbj rjeavfi ac trfps (ifst twa `fys ac tbj survjy).

F ’IDKJGKJ PA PFMJ CFZGF CA_ [KDJGPDCDK ^Z_Â[J[― [C>>2>>3 wfs dssuj` ta@r Sd [fccjr fs fg dgstruejgt ug`jr _jluiftdag 6< ac tbj \diìdcj Kagsjrvftdag Fkt 64:> taug`jrtfmj tbds survjy (Fppjg`dx J). Futbardsj` pjrsags fssakdftj` wdtb tbj idkjgkj

dgkiu`j` Jrdkf EfkDgtyrj, Ejrrd Ofrtijtt fg` Bfedsb Ourgjtt.

Fgfiysds ac oft rjkar`dgls wfs kaepijtj` oy @r Myij Frestragl fg` Tumd Magdsbd ac‒[pjkdfidsj` Xaaialdkfi—.




?:

0.0 CFZGF [FEÎDGL

Fs pjr tbj rjkaeejg`ftdags ac tbj J^F (?>>0) fg` J^F fg` @JK (?>6>), tbjgaejgkifturj fg` tfxagaedk ar`jr prjsjgtj` dg tbds rjpart frj ofsj` ag tbj \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue—s Kbjkmidst ac tbj Sjrtjorftjs ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf car bjrpjtacfugffg` efeefis fg` Kbrdstd`ds fg` Oaijs (?>>2) car fvdcfugf. Pbj futbardtdjs usj` carbjrprtacfugf frj @aulbty fg` Efryfg (?>6>) fg` car efeefis Baw jt fi. (?>6>).

MIF fkmgawij`ljs tbft tbj tfxagaey ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf vjrtjorftjs ds kagtdgufiiyojdgl rjvdsj` fg` tbj tfxagaey ac saej ac tbj spjkdjs idstj` dg tbj àkuejgt edlbt bfvjkbfglj` sdgkj tbj puoidkftdag ac tbds rjpart.

0.0.6 _jkaggfdssfgkj survjy

Dg fkkar`fgkj wdtb J^F âsdtdag [tftjejgt Ga. ; (J^F ?>>0), f rjkaggfdssfgkj survjywfs kagùktj` oy @r Sd [fccjr caiiawdgl rjkjdpt ac tbj rjsuits ac tbj `jsmtap stu`y. Pwa`fys wjrj spjgt wdtbdg tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf ta `jidgjftj mjy cfugf vfiujs, ta `jtjredgjcfugf bfodtft typjs fg` ta `jtjredgj trfppdgl sdtj iakftdags.

Agj efeefi spjkdjs fg` 6< spjkdjs ac odr`s wjrj d`jgtdcdj` ùrdgl tbj rjkaggfdssfgkj

survjy fg` frj idstj` dg Fppjg`dx @.

0.0.? [ystjeftdk kjgsurdgl

Pbj jxtjgsdvj `dvjrsdty ac Fustrfidf—s tjrrjstrdfi bfodtfts ds sukb tbft ga sdglij fpprafkbfkkurftjiy sfepijs fii spjkdjs wdtbdg f kaeeugdty (Lfr`jg jt fi. ?>><). Dt dsfkmgawij`lj` tbft survjys fdej` ft `jtjktdgl euitdpij spjkdjs eust jepiay f sudtfoijkaeodgftdag ac survjy ejtba`s (sjj Lfr`jg jt fi. ?>><).

Dg ar`jr ta efxdedsj tbj kfpturj rftj ac `dvjrsj cfugfi spjkdjs, systjeftdk cfugfsfepidgl wfs ug`jrtfmjg usdgl caur trfppdgl tjkbgdqujs8

• ^dtcfii trfps (?> I oukmjts ourdj` dg tbj lraug` wdtb tbj rdes ciusb wdtb tbj lraug`

surcfkj),• Cuggji trfps,

• Jiidat-typj fiuedgdue oax trfps (2ke x 4 ke x ;? ke), fg`

• Ej`due fg` ifrlj kflj trfps.

Pbj systjeftdk cfugf sfepidgl kagsdstj` ac sjvjg trfppdgl lrd`s ([dtjs 6 ta <) fg` fgf``dtdagfi caur sefiijr sdtjs ([dtjs 2 ta 66) iakftj` fkrass tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf (Cdlurj0). Pbj f``dtdagfi sefiijr sdtjs wjrj iakftj` wdtbdg frjfs ac Ofg`j` Drag Careftdag (ODC)wbjrj tbj usj ac kagvjgtdagfi trfppdgl lrd`s wfs gat fkbdjvfoij.

Pbj `jsdlg ac tbj trfppdgl lrd`s wfs `jvjiapj` dg kagsuitftdag wdtb Hfg Bjgry ac Gdgax\diìdcj Kagsuitdgl (Gdgax). Fs Gdgax bf` ojjg kaeedssdagj` ta kagùkt cfugf survjys

jisjwbjrj dg tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf, tbj trfppdgl `jsdlg wfs `jvjiapj` tbft wfskagsdstjgt wdtb tbft ta oj usj` oy Gdgax sa tbft kaepfrdsags kfg oj ef`j ojtwjjg sdtjs.

Prfppdgl lrd`s kagvjgtdagfiiy kaeprdsj` 63 pdtcfii trfps, 6? cuggji trfps, 63 fiuedgdueoax trfps fg` caur ifrlj kflj trfps (Cdlurj 4). Pbds pfttjrg wfs fkbdjvj` car sdx ac tbjsjvjg trfppdgl lrd` sdtjs jxkjpt [dtj ; ùj ta tbj prjsjgkj ac f `rfdgflj idgj fg` bfr`lraug` tbft wfs rjsdstfgt ta `dlldgl car tbj pdtcfii trfps. Car [dtj ;, 6: pdtcfii trfps, 6>cuggji trfps, 2 fiuedgdue oax trfps fg` caur ifrlj kflj trfps wjrj usj` (Cdlurj 6>). F3e x ;>ke `rdct idgj cjgkj wfs jxtjg`j` avjr fii oukmjts ft fii sdtjs ta dgkrjfsj tbjjccdkfky ac tbj pdtcfii trfps. Dg spdtj ac tbj usj ac ejkbfgdkfi jqudpejgt, cdvj iakftdags ft[dtj 6 fg` tbrjj iakftdags ft [dtj : kaui` gat oj jxkfvftj` `jjp jgaulb ta fkkaeea`ftjf ?> I oukmjt. Dg tbjsj dgstfgkjs, oukmjts wjrj suoejrlj` fs iaw fs passdoij fg` tbjtaps wjrj sfwg acc.




?3

Pbj caur sefiijr sdtjs ([dtjs 2 ta 66) kagsdstj` ac tbrjj pfdrs ac trfps ft jfkb sdtj wdtb twapfdrs kaeprdsdgl fg fiuedgdue oax trfp fg` ej`due kflj trfp fg` tbj tbdr` pfdrkaeprdsdgl fg fiuedgdue oax trfp fg` f ifrlj kflj trfp.

Fii trfps dg tbj trfppdgl lrd`s wjrj apjg car jdlbt kagsjkutdvj gdlbts, avjrifppdgl carsjvjg gdlbts, fg` tbj ODC-iakftj` trfps wjrj fii apjg car sjvjg kagsjkutdvj gdlbts. Pbjavjrfii trfppdgl jccart ds sbawg dg Pfoij :.




?<

Cdlurj 4 - [kbjeftdk `dflrfe ac trfppdgl ugdt kagcdlurftdag car [dtjs 6, ?, 0, :, 3 fg` <




?2

Cdlurj 6> - [kbjeftdk dflrfe ac trfppdgl ugdt kagcdlurftdag car [dtj ;




?4

Pfoij : - Prfppdgl lr d` iakftdags fg` trfppdgl jccart

Futueg survjy (Efy ?>66)

[dtj Iakftdag Prfp typj @ftj apjgj` @ftj kiasj`

Patfitrfppdgl

jccart

[dtj 68 ?4¾02';6.:"[ ^dt 3-Efy 6?-Efy 6?2

664¾:0':>.2"J Cuggji 3-Efy 6?-Efy 43

Fiuedgdue oax 3-Efy 6?-Efy 6?2

Kflj (ifrlj) 3-Efy 6?-Efy ;?

[dtj ?8 ?4¾02'02.<"[ ^dt 3-Efy 6?-Efy 6?2

664¾::'?;.:"J Cuggji 3-Efy 6?-Efy 43



[dtj ;8 ?4¾04'>0.;"[ ^dt 3-Efy 6?-Efy 6?2

664¾:3'6<.<"J Cuggji 3-Efy 6?-Efy 2>

Fiuedgdue oax 3-Efy 6?-Efy 43


[dtj 08 ?4¾:>'?>.;"[ ^dt 3-Efy 6?-Efy 6?2

664¾:3'?;.<"J Cuggji 3-Efy 6?-Efy 43



[dtj :8 ?4¾04'>2.?"[ ^dt <-Efy 6;-Efy 6?>

664¾:<';4.>"J Cuggji <-Efy 6;-Efy 66?

Fiuedgdue oax <-Efy 6;-Efy 6?2

Kflj (ifrlj) <-Efy 6;-Efy ;?

[dtj 38 ?4¾04'63.6"[ ^dt <-Efy 6;-Efy 6?2

664¾:2';4.;"J Cuggji <-Efy 6;-Efy 43



[dtj <8 ?4¾04'0:.:"[ ^dt <-Efy 6;-Efy 6?2

664¾:4'04.>"J Cuggji <-Efy 6;-Efy 43



[uo-tatfi ?302




;>

[dtj Iakftdag Prfp typj @ftj apjgj` @ftj kiasj`

Patfitrfppdgl

jccart

[dtj 2 ?4¾02';3.3"[ Fiuedgdue oax <-Efy 6;-Efy ?0

664¾::'>4.?"J Kflj (ej`due) <-Efy 6;-Efy 63

Kflj (ifrlj) <-Efy 6;-Efy 2

[dtj 4 ?4¾04'60.0"[ Fiuedgdue oax <-Efy 6;-Efy ?0

664¾::':<.<"J Kflj (ej`due) <-Efy 6;-Efy 63


[dtj 6> ?4¾04'><.>"[ Fiuedgdue oax <-Efy 6;-Efy ?0

664¾:3'?6.<"J Kflj (ej`due) <-Efy 6;-Efy 63


[dtj 66 ?4¾04';;.4"[ Fiuedgdue oax <-Efy 6;-Efy ?0

664¾:<';>.:"J Kflj (ej`due) <-Efy 6;-Efy 63


[uo-tatfi 64?

L_FG@PAPFI ?20>

Fii trfps wjrj kbjkmj` fs saag fctjr sugrdsj fs passdoij jfkb eargdgl. Zgdvjrsfi ofdtwfs pifkj` dg fii fiuedgdue oax trfps fg` kflj trfps fg` rjgjwj` ft ijfst agkj ùrdgltbj jdlbt-`fy survjy, fg` wbjg rjqudrj`.

Appartugdstdk aosjrvftdags wjrj kfrrdj` aut wbjg dgspjktdgl trfps ag sdtj, wbjg trfvjiidglojtwjjg sdtjs fg` wbjg kagùktdgl odr` survjys dg tbj frjf. Bfg`-carfldgl car rjptdijswfs kagùktj` appartugdstdkfiiy fg` ùrdgl spat-idlbtdgl carfys fg` dgkiu`j` turgdgl avjrrakms fg` ials, pjjidgl acc ofrm, jtk. Appartugdstdk aosjrvftdags wjrj fisa ef`j ftgjfroy lrfgdtj autkraps, Habgsag _akms (~6? me wjst ac [gfrm) fg` Baspdtfi _akms (~6:me jfst ac [gfrm). Atbjr tbfg appartugdstdk aosjrvftdags ac dgvjrtjorftjs fg` rjtrdjvfi acdgvjrtjorftjs dg trfppdgl jqudpejgt, ga systjeftdk sjfrkbdgl fg`/ar rjkar`dgl ac

dgvjrtjorftjs wfs rjqudrj` ar kagùktj`.

0.0.; Odr`s survjydgl

[urvjydgl ac odr`s wfs kfrrdj` aut usdgl f kaeodgftdag ac tjkbgdqujs dgkiu`dgl8

• Caur, ?> edgutj, ? bf survjys ft jfkb ac tbj sjvjg trfppdgl lrd` sdtjs dgfkkar`fgkj wdtb Ftifs [jfrkb Ejtba`s car tbj Ftifs ac Fustrfidfg Odr`s.Kjgsusjs wjrj kaeejgkj` fs saag fctjr sugrdsj fs prfktdkfoij fg`kaeejgkjejgt wfs ratftj` tbraulb tbj sdtjs ta rjùkj tdej ac `fy odfs wbjrjprfktdkfoij (Pfoij 3).

• Pwa, ;> edgutj frjf survjys wdtbdg 6>> ejtrjs ac jfkb ac tbj sjvjg trfppdgl lrd`

sdtjs jfkb jvjgdgl ojcarj sugsjt (Pfoij 3).• Appartugdstdk aosjrvftdags wbjg dgspjktdgl trfps ag sdtj, wbjg trfvjiidgl ojtwjjg

sdtjs fg` dg tbj frjf, fg` wbjg kagùktdgl atbjr survjys dg tbj frjf.




;6

Pfoij 3 - @ftjs fg` tdejs ac systjeftdk odr`s kjgsusjs kaeejgkj` ft jfkb sdtj

Futueg FE ?>66*

@ftj8 <-Efy 2-Efy 4-Efy 6>-Efy 66-Efy 6?-Efy 6;-EfyPatfi(edgs)

[dtj Pdej kaeejgkj`(brs)*

6 <;> 46> 3:> 2:> 2>

? 3:> 2?: <;> 4?: 2>

; 26: 3:> <?: 46: 2>

0 4:> 26: 3:: <0> 2>

: 46: 20> 2>: 3:: 2>

3 3:: 26> <;: 46: 2>

< <;> 2:> 3:: 2?: 2>

Patfi :3>* Kjgsusjs kagtdguj` car ?> edgutjs ft jfkb sdtj.

Futueg Ê ?>66**

@ftj8 <-Efy 2-Efy 4-Efy 6>-Efy 66-Efy 6?-Efy 6;-EfyPatfi(edgs)

[dtjPdej kaeejgkj`

(brs)*

6 63;> 636> 3>

? 63:: 630> 3>

; 6::> 63;> 3>

0 63>> 6::: 3>

: 6:0> 630: 3>

3 630: 63:: 3>

< 636> 63>: 3>

Patfi 0?>

** Kjgsusjs kagtdguj` car ;> edgutjs wdtbdg 6>> e ac jfkb sdtj.

0.0.0 Oft survjydgl

Oft jkbaiakftdag kfiis wjrj rjkar`j` usdgl Fgfoft [@6 `jtjktars, wbdkb `jtjkt fg`rjkar` uitrfsagdk jkbaiakftdag kfiis jedttj` ùrdgl oft cidlbt. Pwa Fgfoft `jtjktars wjrjusj` fg` wjrj pasdtdagj` ag tbj lraug` dg jfkb trfppdgl lrd` sdtj ojcarj sugsjt fg`rjtrdjvj` tbj caiiawdgl eargdgl. Pfoij < idsts tbj `ftjs tbft oft rjkar`dgls wjrj tfmjg ftjfkb sdtj.

Pbj kfiis wjrj starj` ag f kaepfkt cifsb kfr`, àwgiaf`j` fg` sjqujgkjs wjrjjxfedgj` usdgl Fgfiaam\ sactwfrj.




;?

Pfoij < - @ftjs oft kfiis wjrj rjkar`j` ftjfkb sdtj

[dtj

Futueg

?>66

Zgdt

6

Zgdt

?

6 6>„Efy 2„Efy

?

0„Efy

3

„Efy

; 2„Efy 4„Efy

0 66„Efy 0„Efy

: 4„Efy 66„Efy

3 3„Efy <„Efy

< <„Efy 6>„Efy

0.0.: [patidlbt dgl survjy

[patidlbtdgl wfs kagùktj` ag caur jvjgdgls ùrdgl tbj survjy. F tatfi ac ?; baurs fg`;> edgutjs wfs spjgt spatidlbtdgl (Pfoij 2).

[patidlbtdgl wfs kagùktj` crae f siaw-eavdgl vjbdkij (ijss tbfg 6> me/br) usdgl bdlb-pawjrj` bfg`-bji` spatidlbts fg` vjbdkij-eaugtj` spatidlbts, fg` kaeejgkj` ft ijfstagj baur fctjr sugsjt. Dg f``dtdag, spatidlbtdgl carfys wdtb bjf`-tarkbjs wjrj kagùktj`twdkj ag caat car fppraxdeftjiy 6: edgutjs jfkb ùrdgl fii spatidlbtdgl jvjgdgls.[patidlbtdgl wfs kagùktj` deej`dftjiy f`hfkjgt ta fg` wdtbdg 6> me ac fii sdtjs.

Pfoij 2 - @ftjs fg` ùrftdag ac spatidlb tdgl carfys, dgkiu`dglgueojrs ac pjrsaggji dgvaivj`

@ftjPdej

kaeejgkj`(brs)

@urftdag

Gueojr acaosjrvjrs,

dgkiu`dgl`rdvjr

Patfi (brs)

0-Efy ?>>> 6 br ;> edg 0 3 br

3-Efy ?>>: 6 br 0: edg 0 < br

2-Efy 64:> 6 br :: edg ; : br 0: edg

6>-Efy ?>6> 6 br ;: edg ; 0 br 0: edg

PAPFI ?; br ;> edg

0.: [Z_SJT IDEDPFPDAG[Gat fii frjfs ac tbj [gfrm frjf wjrj lraug`-trutbj` ar sfepij` jqufiiy car cfugf.Sjbdkuifr fkkjss, raf` kag`dtdags fg` rakmy tjrrfdg prjvjgtj` sfepidgl dg tbj kjgtrj ac fiifssakdftdags, fg` rjluifr kbjkmdgl ac cfugf trfps dg tbjsj frjfs waui`, tbjrjcarj, gatbfvj ojjg passdoij. Dg f``dtdag, dgcareftdag dg rjiftdag ta vjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs wfs gatfvfdifoij ft tbj tdej ac trfppdgl lrd` sjijktdag wdtb tbj rjsuit tbft gat fii kaeeugdtdjs wjrjsurvjyj` ([jktdag ?.;.6). Gatwdtbstfg dgl tbds, sjvjg trfppdgl lrd`s wjrj iakftj` fiagltbj ijgltb ac tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf dg f``dtdag ta caur sdtjs tbft wjrj iakftj` ag tbj ODCrd`ljs.

Fs dg`dkftj` foavj ([jktdag 0.?.?), gat fii sdtjs kaui` fkkaeea`ftj tbj sfej trfppdgllrd` pfttjrg. \bjrj oukmjts kaui` gat oj dgstfiij`, atbjr lrd` pfttjrgs fg` trfppdgltjkbgdqujs (cuggjis fg` ej`due-sdzj` kfljs) wjrj usj` sa tbft tbj avjrfii trfppdgl jccartwfs gat kaepraedsj`.




;;

:.> SJPJO_FPJ CFZGF DGSJGPA_T

:.6 ASJ_SDJ\ AC SJ_PJO_FPJ CFZGF AC PBJ [Z_SJT F_JF

Avjrfii, <6 dg`dvdùfis crae 62 gag-vaifgt tjrrjstrdfi spjkdjs wjrj kfpturj` ùrdgl tbj

systjeftdk sfepidgl, dg f``dtdag ta agj odr` spjkdjs tbft wfs kfpturj` dg f kflj trfp ft[dtj 6. Ac tbj odr` spjkdjs, 064 dg`dvdùfis rjprjsjgtdgl 6: Cfedidjs wjrj rjkar`j` ùrdgltbj systjeftdk sfepidgl.

Cdlurj 66 pravd`js f vdsufi rjprjsjgtftdag ac tbj gueojr ac cfugf rjkar`j` crae jfkbefhar vjrtjorftj lraup fg` Pfoij 4 pravd`js f sueefry ac tbj gueojr ac spjkdjsrjkar`j` car jfkb ac tbj sjvjg trfppdgl lrd` sdtjs fg` caur f``dtdagfi sdtjs. F sueefry acfii spjkdjs mgawg fg` idmjiy ta oj prjsjgt dg tbj survjy frjfs ds pravd`j` dg Fppjg`dx @.Pbds dgkiu`js f sueefry ac fii tbj rjsuits ac tbj `ftf sjfrkbjs, fii spjkdjs rjkar`j`ùrdgl rjldagfi survjys, fii spjkdjs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj rjkaggfdssfgkj survjy fg` fiispjkdjs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk sfepidgl, appartugdstdk sdlbtdgls fg` jvd`jgkj,fg` spatidlbtdgl.

Fggatftj` idsts ac fepbdodfgs, rjptdijs, efeefis fg` odr`s fppjfr dg Fppjg`dkjs C, L, Bfg` D rjspjktdvjiy.

Cdlurj 66 - Gueojr ac dg`dvdùfi tjrrjstrdfi vjrtjorftjs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbjsystjeftdk survjys

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Fepbdodfgs _jptdijs Gftdvj

Efeefis

Gag„gftdvj

Efeefis

Odr`s

G u e o j r a c s p j k d j s

Cfugfi Lraup




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Pfoij 4 - Gueojr ac dg`dvdùfi tjrrjstr dfi vjrtjorftjs rjkar`j` ft jf

Cfugfi lraup [dtj 6 [dtj ? [dtj ; [dtj 0 [dtj : [dtj 3 [dtj < [dtj 2 [d

_jptdijs 0 < ; 6> 2 6 : >

Gftdvj efeefis > ; 6 6 > > 6 >

Gag-gftdvj efeefis 0 ? ? < ; 0 ? >

Odr`s Kflj` 6 > > > > > > >

FE ;0 0< ;2 00 33 06 ;4 -

Ê 06 60 : 3 6? 62 6; -

Patfi 20 <; 04 32 24 30 3> >




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:.?.6 Pbj fssjeoiflj

Ga cral spjkdjs wjrj kfpturj` ar bjfr` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk survjy pjrda`. Bawjvjr,agj spjkdjs, ^sjuàpbyrgj akkd`jgtfids \jstjrg Pafìjt (Cfediy8 Eyaoftrfkbd`fj) wfs

rjkar`j` ft Baspdtfi _akms wdtbdg 6: me crae tbj survjy frjf. Zp ta cdvj efijs wjrjbjfr` kfiidgl crae ojgjftb eass oj`s f`hfkjgt ta stfg`dgl wftjr wdtbdg tbj lrfgdtjautkraps. Euitdpij jll ourraws wjrj sdlbtj` wdtbdg tbj twa iakftdags ft Baspdtfi _akms.

Pbds spjkdjs ds rjpartj` dg tbj fggatftj` idst prjsjgtj` dg Fppjg`dx C.

:.?.? @dskussdag

Ga fepbdodfg spjkdjs ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj frj idstj` car tbj frjf usdgl tbj JÔK^ratjktj` Efttjrs [jfrkb Paai ar idstj` ag tbj @JK Pbrjftjgj` fg` ^rdardty Cfugf@ftfofsj.

Agj spjkdjs ac cral bfs ojjg vaukbjrj` ft tbj \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue car tbds frjf,gfejiy ^sjuàpbyrgj akkd`jgtfids tbft wfs bjfr` ft tbj lrfgdtj autkrap ft Baspdtfi_akms. \jstjrg Pafìjt efijs kfii crae sefii tuggjis tbjy `dl dg tbj sadi caiiawdglfutueg fg` jfriy wdgtjr rfdgs. Iurj` oy tbj efijs, tbj cjefijs ify jlls dg kfpsuijswdtbdg ourraws aut ac tbj wftjr wbdkb tbj efijs tbjg cjrtdidsj. Pbds ljgus tfmjsf`vfgtflj ac `rdjr kag`dtdags oy kaepijtdgl jfriy ifrvfi `jvjiapejgt wdtbdg tbj kfpsuijfg` wfdtdgl car ciaa`dgl ac tbj ourraws ta wfsb tbj jlls dgta f ifrljr oa`y ac wftjr takaepijtj tf`paij jvjiapejgt (Pyijr fg` @aulbty ?>>4).

Fepbdodfgs ljgjrfiiy frj jxtrjejiy ug`jr-rjprjsjgtj` dg cdji` survjys. Pbj rjsuits acrjldagfi survjys frj kagsdstjgt wdtb tbds stftjejgt dgfseukb fs agiy twa spjkdjs wjrj

kfpturj` ùrdgl tbj jxtjgsdvj Ofrijj-Ejgzdjs stu`y (Ourod`lj jt fi. 644:), agiy twa wjrjrjkar`j` dg tbj @jkjptdag @jpasdt frjf (Odatf ?>66) fg` agiy agj wfs rjkar`j` ùrdgltbj Bjijgf fg` Furarf _fglj survjy (Kbfpefg fg` ^ragm 644<). Gdgax (?>>4) `d` gatrjkar` fgy fepbdodfgs dg tbj Kfrdgf ^raspjkt frjf. Ac tbj spjkdjs d`jgtdcdj` ùrdgl tbjsjsurvjys, ^sjuàpbyrgj akkd`jgtfids wfs rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy ùrdgl tbj Ofrijj-Ejgzdjs stu`y fg` wfs agj ac twa spjkdjs rjkar`j` dg tbj @jkjptdag @jpasdt frjf. Pbjrjefdgdgl spjkdjs dgkiu`j` Gjaoftrfkbus wdisearjd îagmdgl Cral dg tbj Ofrijj-Ejgzdjsfrjf, Bjijdaparus fioapugktftus \jstjrg [pattj` Cral dg tbj @jkjptdag @jpasdt frjf fgàgj Gjaoftrfkbus mugfpfifrd Mugfpfifrd Cral dg tbj Bjijgf fg` Furarf _fglj frjf.Dgtjrjstdgliy, Gjaoftrfkbus mugfpfifrd, Gjaoftrfkbus wdisearjd fg` agj ac tbj^sjuàpbyrgj akkd`jgtfids wjrj rjkar`j` ùrdgl sprdgl survjys8 tbj rjefdgdgl cralswjrj kfpturj` ùrdgl fg futueg survjy (Odatf ?>66).

Pbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf bfs ga lrfgdtj autkraps ar gfturfi wftjr saurkj. Fgy wftjr ag tbjlraug` ds tbj rjsuit ac jpdsa`dk rfdgcfii fg` àjs gat rjefdg dg sdtu car vjry iagl. East actbj surraug`dgl frjf ac [gfrm ds sfit ifmj systjes ar pifyfs wbdkb à gat pravd`j sudtfoijbfodtft ar kag`dtdags car fepbdodfgs. Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbds, f [prdgl survjy efy rjsuit dgtbj kfpturj ac atbjr fepbdodfgs spjkdjs tbft efy utdidsj tbj bfodtft dg tbj [gfrm ^rahjktfrjf.




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:.;.6 Pbj fssjeoiflj

Pwjivj spjkdjs ac rjptdijs wjrj kfpturj` crae fii sdtjs tatfiidgl ;2 dg`dvdùfis crae tbrjjCfedidjs (Pfoij 6> fg` Fppjg`dx @). Pbj rjptdijs kfpturj` kaeprdsj` caur `rflag

spjkdjs (Flfed`fj), twa `dpia`fktyid` spjkdjs (@dpia`fktyid`fj), fg` sdx spjkdjs ac smdgm([kdgkd`fj).

Earj Flfed`s (g 5 ?0, 3;%) wjrj kfpturj` tbfg tbj rjefdgdgl twa Cfedidjs kaiijktdvjiy.\bdij tjg [kdgkd`fj (?3%) wjrj kfpturj`, agiy twa spjkdjs ac @dpia`fktyid`fj wjrjkfpturj` (66%). Ac tbj ifttjr, agiy agj Iukfsdue stjga`fktyiue wfs kfpturj` (ft [dtj ?)fg` agj @dpia`fktyius puikbjr wfs kfpturj` ft jfkb ac tbrjj sdtjs ([dtj 6, [dtj 0 fg` [dtj:).

Ac tbj Flfed`s, earj Ktjgapbarus rjtdkuiftus (g 5 66) wjrj kfpturj` tbft fii atbjrrjptdijs, caiiawj` oy Kfdefgaps fepbdoaiurad`js (g 5 3) fg` Ktjgapbarus skutuiftus (g 5:), wdtb tbj rjefdgdgl spjkdjs, âlagf edgar, gjttdgl agiy twa dg`dvdùfis.

\bdij sdx spjkdjs ac smdgm wjrj kfpturj`, agiy tbrjj ac agj spjkdjs (Ktjgatus edejtjs)wfs kfpturj`. Pwa Kryptaoijpbfrus pifldakjpbfius fg` twa Ktjgatus skbaeourlmdd wjrjkfpturj`, wdtb agiy agj ac jfkb ac tbj rjefdgdgl spjkdjs kfpturj`.

Pbj ifrljst gueojr ac rjptdijs wfs kfpturj` ft [dtj 0 (g 5 6>) wdtb cdvj spjkdjsrjprjsjgtj`. Bawjvjr sdx spjkdjs wjrj kfpturj` ft [dtj ? (g 5 <) fg` [dtj : (g 5 2). Actbj trfppdgl lrd` sdtjs, tbj ijfst gueojr wfs kfpturj` ft [dtj 3 (g 5 6) fg` ga rjptdijswjrj kfpturj` ft fgy ac tbj sefiijr f``dtdagfi sdtjs.

^dtcfii trfps wdtb `rdct idgj cjgkdgl pravj` ta oj tbj east jccjktdvj trfppdgl fppfrftus wdtbfii out twa dg`dvdùfis (g 5 ;3) kfulbt usdgl tbds tjkbgdquj. Pbj autstfg dgl twadg`dvdùfis wjrj kfpturj` dg cuggji trfps. Ga rjptdijs wjrj kfpturj` dg jdtbjr fiuedgdueoax trfps ar kflj trfps.

Ac tbj appartugdstdk rjkar`dgls, caur dg`dvdùfis ac Kfdefgaps fepbdoaiurad`js, agjKtjgapbarus skutuiftus fg` agj Ktjgatus sp. wjrj rjkar`j` (Fppjg`dx @).

Jfkb spjkdjs ds `dskussj` dg`dvdùfiiy dg tbj fggatftj` idst prjsjgtj` dg Fppjg`dx L.




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Pfoij 6> - _jptdijs spjkdjs rjkar`j` (dgkiu`dgl ejtba`) ùrdgl systjeftdk cfugf survjy

Cfediy [pjkdjs Kaeeag Gfej [dtj 6 [dtj ? [dtj ; [dtj 0 [dtj : [dtj 3 [dtj <

Flfed`fj Ktjgapbarus rjtdkuiftus\jstjrg Gjttj`@rflag ? 6 6 ; ; 6 -

Ktjgapbarus skutuiftus - ? - - 6 - ?

Kfdefgaps fepbdoaiurad`js - 6 - 0 6 - - âlagf edgar - 6 - - 6 - -

@dpia`fktyid`fj @dpia`fktyius puikbjr 6 - - 6 6 - -

Iukfsdue stjga`fktyiue - 6 - - - - -

[kdgkd`fj Kryptaoijpbfrus pifldakjpbfius - - ? - - - -

Ktjgatus lrfg`ds - - - - - - 6

Ktjgatus ijagbfr`dd 6 - - - - - -

Ktjgatus edejtjs - 6 - 6 6 - -

Ktjgatus skbaeourlmdd - - - - - - ?

Ejgjtdf lrjydd - - - 6 - - -

Prfppdgl ejtba` ^dtcfii 0 < ; 4 < 6 0

Fiuedgdue oax > > > 6 6 > 6

Cuggji > > > > > > > Kflj > > > > > > >

Patfi 0 < ; 6> 2 6 :

Kueuiftdvj tatfi 0 66 60 ?0 ;? ;; ;2




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:.;.? @dskussdag

F tatfi ac ;2 dg`dvdùfi rjptdijs wjrj kfpturj` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk survjy. Ldvjg tbj`dccjrjgt trfppdgl tjkbgdqujs fg` tbft tbj trfps wjrj apjg car f tatfi ac ?20> trfp gdlbts,tbj trfp rftj ac 6.;% wfs pfrtdkuifriy iaw. Ojdgl jktatbjres, rjptdijs frj east fktdvjùrdgl bdlbjr tjepjrfturjs ojtwjjg [jptjeojr fg` Fprdi (J^F fg` @JK ?>6>).

Bawjvjr, dt ds rjkalgdsj` tbft tbds survjy wfs pfrtdkuifriy fdej` ft ojdgl fg Futuegsurvjy fg` tbft earj rjptdij spjkdjs frj idmjiy ta oj earj fktdvj ùrdgl tbj wfrejreagtbs. Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbds, up ta twjivj spjkdjs wjrj kfpturj` wdtb smdgm spjkdjs (g 53) autgueojrdgl tbj flfed`s (g 5 0), fg` agiy twa spjkdjs ac `dpia`fktdiy`d`s kfpturj`.

Pbj gueojrs ac rjptdij kfpturjs ojtwjjg sdtjs `d` gat `dccjr `rfeftdkfiiy. Bawjvjr, earjwjrj kfpturj` ft [dtj 0 tbfg ft fii atbjr sdtjs. Pbds sdtj wfs iakftj` deej`dftjiy sautb actbj efdg `dsturofgkj frjf wbdkb bfs fg` kagtdgujs ta oj suohjkt ta `rdiidgl fg`fssakdftj` vjbdkuifr eavjejgt. Pbj ciarf survjy `d` gat dgkiu`j tbds frjf (Efttdsmj?>66). Bawjvjr, tbj vjljtftdag fssakdftdag ft [dtj 0 wfs `jtjredgj` ta oj Fkfkdf sbruoifg` fg` gat sdlgdcdkfgtiy `dccjrjgt ljgjrfiiy ta vjljtftdag jisjwbjrj dg tbj [gfrm^rahjkt frjf.

\bdij tbj J^F fg` @JK (?>6>) Pjkbgdkfi Lud`j sulljsts tbft pdtcfii trfppdgl ds gatpfrtdkuifriy jccjktdvj ùrdgl kaaijr tdejs ac tbj yjfr, fii out twa dg`dvdùfi rjptdijs wjrjkfpturj` usdgl tbds trfppdgl tjkbgdquj. Pbj rjefdgdgl twa rjptdijs wjrj kfpturj` dgcuggjis trfps. Gat surprdsdgliy, ga rjptdijs wjrj kfpturj` dg fiuedgdue oax trfps ar kfljtrfps.

Ga rjptdij spjkdjs ac kagsjrvftdag frj idstj` car tbj frjf usdgl tbj JÔK ^ratjktjÈfttjrs [jfrkb Paai ar idstj` ag tbj @JK Pbrjftjgj` fg` ^rdardty Cfugf @ftfofsj. Gagjac tbj spjkdjs kfpturj` ar sjjg appartugdstdkfiiy wjrj d`jgtdcdj` fs spjkdjs ackagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj.

Carty spjkdjs ac rjptdijs bfvj ojjg vaukbjrj` ft tbj \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue car tbdsfrjf fg` dgkiu`j gdgj spjkdjs ac Flfed`fj, sdx ac @dpia`fktyid`fj, agj acKfrpba`fktyid`fj, tbrjj ac Ljmmagd`fj, twa ac ^ylapa`d`fj, sdxtjjg ac [kdgkd`fj, agj acSfrfgd`fj fg` twa ac Jifpd`fj (Fppjg`dx @). Ac tbjsj spjkdjs, ;? wjrj gat kfpturj` arsdlbtj` ùrdgl tbj survjy fg`, kagvjrsjiy, ac tbj spjkdjs kfpturj`, tbrjj bfvj gat ojjgvaukbjrj` wdtb tbj \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue car tbds frjf (Iukfsdue stjga`fktyiue,Ktjgatus lrfg`ds fg` Ktjgatus edejtjs).

Avjrfii, dt ds gat surprdsdgl tbft earj rjptdijs bfvj ojjg vaukbjrj` ft tbj \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue car tbds frjf tbfg bfvj ojjg kaiijktj` avjr efgy yjfrs fg` dg fiisjfsags, rftbjr tbfg tbj spjkdjs kfpturj` ùrdgl tbds jdlbt `fy survjy. Gatwdtbstfg`dgltbds, spjkdjs fkkueuiftdag kurvjs car rjptdijs kfpturj` ùrdgl tbds idedtj`-`fy survjydg`dkftj tbft <:% ac spjkdjs wjrj kfpturj` oy tbj sjkag` gdlbt ac trfppdgl fg` 4?% wjrjkfpturj` oy tbj caurtb gdlbt ac trfppdgl wdtb agiy agj earj spjkdjs kfpturj` ag tbjsjvjgtb gdlbt ac trfppdgl (Cdlurj 6?). Pbjsj rjsuits sulljst tbft f trfppdgl pjrda` acjdlbt kagsjkutdvj gdlbts ds succdkdjgt fg` idmjiy ta rjkar` f rjfsagfoij rjprjsjgtftdag actbj efhardty ac tbj rjptdijs dg tbj iakfi frjf ft tbj tdej. [jfsagfi trfppdgl, kagùktjàvjr efgy yjfrs, waui` oj rjqudrj` ta `jtjredgj tbj cuii kaepijejgt ac rjptdijs tbftutdidsj tbds bfodtft.

Pbj efgy vfrdfoijs fssakdftj` wdtb atbjr stu`djs dg tbj frjf dg rjiftdag ta tdedgl fg`ùrftdag ac survjys fg` ta trfppdgl tjkbgdqujs, efmj kaepfrdsags `dccdkuit. Dg f``dtdag,fs, car jxfepij, tbj Odaialdkfi [urvjys Kaeedttjj stu`y (Ourod`lj jt fi. 644:) wfs

kagùktj` dg 64<4, tfxagaedk gfej kbfgljs efmj pfrtdkuifr spjkdjs `dccdkuit ta trfkj.Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbds, atbjr survjys fisa kagùktj` ùrdgl tbj kaaijr eagtbs ac futuegbfvj kfpturj` fs cjw fs ; rjptdijs (Gdgax ?>>4) fg` fs efgy fs 06 dg`dvdùfis (Odatf?>66). Ac tbj spjkdjs kfpturj` ùrdgl tbj prjsjgt survjy, agiy agj spjkdjs Iukfsdue




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stjga`fktyiue bfs gat ojjg rjkar`j` car tbds frjf ag tbj \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue`ftfofsj ar ùrdgl fii atbjr rjldagfi survjys dg tbj frjf (Ourod`lj jt fi. 644:, Odatf ?>66,Kbfpefg fg` ^ragm 644< ar Gdgax ?>>4). Pbj `dstrdoutdag ac tbds spjkdjs jxtjg`stbraulbaut [autb Fustrfidf fg` pftkbdiy tbraulb tbj Gartbjrg Pjrrdtary fg` dg tbj gartb ac\jstjrg Fustrfidf, wdtb tbds akkurrjgkj ft [gfrm tawfr`s tbj sautbjrg jxtjgt ac dts rfgljdg tbds [tftj.

Cdlurj 6? - [pjkdjs fkkueuiftdag kurvj car rjptdijs kfpturj` urdgl tbjsystjeftdk cfugf survjy

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Gueojr ac `fys




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Cdvj spjkdjs ac gftdvj tjrrjstrdfi efeefis rjprjsjgtdgl twa cfedidjs fg` tatfiidgl jdlbtdg`dvdùfis wjrj kfpturj` ùrdgl tbj survjy pjrda` (Pfoij 66). \dtbdg tbj Cfediy

@fsyurd`fj, ^sju`fgtjkbdgus efkàggjiijgsds Cft-tfdij` ^sju`fgtjkbdgus fg`[edgtbapsds àidkburf Idttij Iagl-tfdij` @uggfrt wjrj kfpturj` fg` wdtb tbj CfediyEurd`fj, twa spjkdjs ac bappdgl eausj, Gataeys fijxds [pdgdcjx Bappdgl Eausj fg` Gataeys edtkbjiidd Edtkbjii—s Bappdgl Eausj wjrj kfpturj`, dg f``dtdag ta ^sjuàeysbjrefggsourljgsds [fg`y Dgifg` Eausj.

\bdij tbj gueojr ac efeefis kfpturj` wfs iaw, earj @fsyurd`s (g 5 :) wjrj kfpturj`tbfg Eurd s (g 5 ;). Ac tbj @fsyurd`s, twa ^sju`fgtjkbdgus efkàggjiijgsds fg` tbrjj [edgtbapsds àidkburf wjrj kfpturj` wbjrjfs agiy agj ac jfkb ac tbj gftdvj Eurd`spjkdjs wfs kfpturj`.

Agiy agj spjkdjs ac gag-gftdvj efeefi, Eus euskuius Bausj Eausj wfs kfpturj`

ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk survjydgl. F tatfi ac ?0 dg`dvdùfis wjrj kfpturj`, cfr autgueojrdgl(<:%) tbj gueojr ac gftdvj efeefis kfpturj` (?:%).

Ga efeefis ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj patjgtdfiiy akkur dg tbj frjf fg` gagj wjrjkfpturj` urdgl tbj survjy.

Car tbj gftdvj efeefis, jqufi gueojrs wjrj kfpturj` dg pdtcfii trfps fg` dg fiuedgdueoax trfps (g 5 0 dg jfkb trfp typj) fg` gagj wjrj kfpturj` dg cuggji trfps ar kfljs.Dgtjrjstdgliy, fii tbrjj [edgtbapsds àidkburf wjrj kfpturj` dg pdtcfii trfps fg` oatb^sju`fgtjkbdgus efkàggjiijgsds wjrj kfpturj` dg fiuedgdue oax trfps. Oatb spjkdjsac bappdgl edkj wjrj kfpturj` dg fiuedgdue oax trfps fg` tbj ^sjuàeysbjrefggsourljgsds wfs kfpturj` dg f pdtcfii trfp.

Zp ta 62 Eus euskuius wjrj kfpturj` dg fiuedgdue oax trfps (<:%) fg` agiy sdx (?:%)wjrj kfpturj` dg pdtcfii trfps. Ga Eus euskuius wjrj kfpturj` dg cuggji trfps ar kfljtrfps.

Pbj gftdvj efeefis wjrj kfpturj` ft agiy caur ac tbj trfppdgl lrd` sdtjs ([dtjs ?, ;, 0 fg`<) wdtb tbrjj ft [dtj ? fg` agj ft jfkb ac tbj atbjr trfppdgl sdtjs. Oatb ^sju`fgtjkbdgusefkàggjiijgsds wjrj kfpturj` ft [dtj 4, agj ac tbj sefiijr trfppdgl sdtjs. Zp ta sjvjgEus euskuius wjrj kfpturj` ft [dtj 0, caur wjrj kfpturj` ft [dtj 6 fg` ft [dtj 3, tbrjj ft[dtj : fg` twa ft jfkb ac tbj rjefdgdgl praùktdvj sdtjs car tbds spjkdjs. Ga efeefiswjrj kfpturj` ft tbj atbjr sefiijr sdtjs ([dtjs 2, 6> ar 66).

Myij Frestragl fg` Tumd Magdsbd ac [pjkdfidsj` Xaaialdkfi fgfiysj` tbj oft kfiisrjkar`j` ag tbj Fgfofts (Frestragl fg` Magdsbd ?>66). Pbj prjsjgkj ac sdx spjkdjs acofts wjrj d`jgtdcdj` wdtb caur rjkar`dgl ugfeodluaus d`jgtdcdkftdag, twa gjj`dglkagcdreftdag fg` agj ojdgl jdtbjr agj ar fgatbjr ac tbj ofts d`jgtdcdj` (Pfoij 6?).

Ofts wjrj rjkar`j` ft fii ac tbj sjvjg trfppdgl lrd` sdtjs wdtb ojtwjjg caur fg` sdxspjkdjs rjkar`j` ft jfkb sdtj. Bawjvjr, ac fii tbj spjkdjs d`jgtdcdj`, agiy Kbfidgaiaousearda fg` Pf`frd`f fustrfids wjrj pasdtdvjiy d`jgtdcdj` ft fii sdtjs. Car tbj rjefdgdglspjkdjs, K. laui`dd wfs pasdtdvjiy d`jgtdcdj` ft agiy caur sdtjs ([dtjs 6, ;, : fg` 3) fgÈareaptjrus sp. ; wfs pasdtdvjiy d`jgtdcdj` ft agiy twa sdtjs ([dtjs ; fg` 3). Sjspf`jiusofvjrstakmd wfs pasdtdvjiy d`jgtdcdj` agiy ft [dtj ? wdtb kagcdreftdag rjqudrj` ft tbj

rjefdgdgl sdtjs ([dtjs 6, ;, : fg` <) fg` tbj kfiis ac Gyktapbdius sp. ft [dtjs 0, 3 fg` <rjqudrj kagcdreftdag.




06

Frestragl fg` Magdsbd (?>66) bdlbidlbt tbj `dccdkuitdjs dg `dstdgludsbdgl tbj `dccjrjgkjs dgsaej kfiis. Car jxfepij, kfiis ac Laui`'s \fttij` Oft Kbfidgaiaous laui`dd frj sdedifr tatbasj ac tbj dgifg` Crjjtfdi-oft Eareaptjrus sp. ;. Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbds, pasdtdvjd`jgtdcdkftdags ac oatb spjkdjs wjrj ef`j crae atbjr bdlb qufidty `dflgastdk kfiisjqujgkjs. Pbj kfiis ac tbj Iagl-jfrj` ofts Gyktapbdius spp. frj typdkfiiy `dccdkuit tad`jgtdcy ta spjkdjs, fg` tbasj rjkar`j` efy oj fttrdoutj` ta tbj Ijssjr Iagl-jfrj` OftGyktapbdius ljaccrayd ar tbj kjgtrfi Lrjftjr Iagl-jfrj` Oft G. efhar tar wbdkb ds idstjùg`jr ^rdardty 0 ac @JK—s ^rdardty Cfugf Idst.

Jvd`jgkj ac efeefis sjjg appartugdstdkfiiy ùrdgl tbj survjy wfs idedtj` ta agj^sju`fgtjkbdgus efkàggjiijgsds wbdkb wfs sjjg dg fg frjf ac ODC kiasj ta tbj kurrjgtkfep. Dg f``dtdag, efkrapa` `rappdgls, _foodt Aryktaiflus kugdkuius `rappdgls,`dlldgls fg` wfrrjgs, fg` @al Kfgds sp. `rappdgls tbft kagtfdgj` ugd`jgtdcdj` lrjy curwjrj rjkar`j`. Fii sdlbtdgls frj dgkiu`j` dg Fppjg`dx @..




0?

Pfoij 66 - Efeefi spjkdjs rjkar`j` (dgkiu`dgl ejtba`) ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk cfugf survjy

Cfediy [pjkdjs Kaeeag Gfej [dtj 6 [dtj ? [dtj ; [dtj 0 [dtj : [dtj 3 [dtj <

@fsyurd`fj ^sju`fgtjkbdgus efkàggjiijgsdsCft-tfdij`^sju`fgtjkbdgus - - - - - - -

[edgtbapsds aidkburf

Idttij Iagl-tfdij`

@uggfrt - ? 6 - - - - Eurd`fj Eus euskuius* Bausj Eausj 0 ? ? < ; 0 ?

Gataeys fijxds[pdgdcjx BappdglEausj - - - 6 - - -

Gataeys edtkbjiiddEdtkbjii's BappdglEausj - - - - - - 6

^sjuàeys bjrefggsourljgsds [fg`y Dgifg` Eausj - 6 - - - - -

Prfppdgl ejtba` ^dtcfii > : 6 ? > 6 6

Fiuedgdue oax 0 > ? 3 ; ; ?

Cuggji > > > > > > >

Kflj > > > > > > >

Patfi 0 : ; 2 ; 0 ;

Kueuiftdvj tatfi 0 4 6? ?> ?; ?< ;>

* dgtraùkj` spjkdjs

Pfoij 6? - [dtj oy spjkdjs eftrdx a c oft d`jgtdcd kftdags rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk cfugf survjy

Cfediy [pjkdjs Kaeeag Gfej [dtj 6 [dtj ? [dtj ; [dtj 0 [

Fgfoft Zgdt 6 Zgdt ? Zgdt 6 Zgdt ? Zgdt 6 Zgdt ? Zgdt 6 Zgdt ? Zgdt 6

Sjspjrtdidagd`fj Kbfidgaiaous laui`dd Laui`'s \fttij` Oft - + - - + - - - -

Kbfidgaiaous earda Kbakaiftj \fttij` Oft + + + - + + + + +

Gyktapbdius sp. Iagl-jfrj` Oft - - - - - - GK - -

Sjspf`jius ofvjrstakmd GK GK + - - GK - - -

K. laui`dd / Eareaptjrus sp. ; GK - GK GK - GK GK GK -

Eaiassd`fj Eareaptjrus sp. ; - - - - + - - - -

Pf`frd`f fustrfids \bdtj-strdpj` Crjjtfdi-oft + + + + + + + + +




0;

:.0.? @dskussdag

Caur `dccjrjgt trfp typjs wjrj apjg car f tatfi ac ?20> trfp gdlbts ùrdgl tbj jdlbt-`fysurvjy. Pbj kfpturj ac jdlbt dg`dvdùfi efeefis ùrdgl tbds pjrda` trfgsiftjs dgta f trfprftj ac >.?2%, wbdkb sulljsts tbft ft tbj tdej ac tbj survjy tbj frjf suppartj` vjry iawgueojrs ac efeefis. Bawjvjr, fs up ta cdvj spjkdjs ac gftdvj efeefi wjrj kfpturj ,

`dvjrsdty ac spjkdjs prjsjgt dg rjiftdag ta gueojrs ac efeefis kfulbt wfs rjiftdvjiy bdlb.

Ldvjg tbj iaw gueojrs ac efeefis kfpturj`, dt ds `dccdkuit ta kaeejgt ag fgy sdlgdcdkfgkjac spftdfi `dccjrjgkjs. Bawjvjr, earj efeefis wjrj kfpturj` ta tbj wjst ac tbj [gfrmfrjf tbfg ta tbj jfst. Dgtjrjstdgliy, tbjrj fppjfrj` ta oj earj `dsturofgkj dg tbj wjstjrgpfrt ac tbj ^rahjkt frjf ùrdgl tbj tdej ac tbj survjy wdtb earj trfkms fg` jxpiarftdag`rdiidgl sdtjs tbfg dg tbj jfst. Ofsj` ag tbj vjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs efppj` oy Efttdsmj(?>66), tbjrj àjs gat fppjfr ta oj fgy karrjiftdag ojtwjjg tbj `dstrdoutdag ac efeefiskfpturj` fg` `dccjrjgt vjljtftdag lraups fkrass tbj ijgltb ac tbj frjf survjyj`.

Car tbds fg` efgy cfugf survjys, pdtcfii trfps fg` fiuedgdue oax trfps frj tbj eastjccjktdvj dg kfpturdgl sefii efeefis (J^F fg` @JK ?>66). Bawjvjr, saej spjkdjs bfvj

f pjgkbfgt car pfrtdkuifr trfps. Dg tbds stu`y, car jxfepij, fii tbrjj [edgtbapsds àidkburf wjrj kfpturj` agiy dg pdtcfii trfps, fg` oatb spjkdjs ac bappdgl eausj fg` oatb^sju`fgtjkbdgus efkàggjiijgsds wjrj kfpturj` agiy dg fiuedgdue oax trfps. Gaefeefis wjrj kfpturj` dg cuggji ar kflj trfps.

Dg f``dtdag ta tbj kagvjgtdagfi trfppdgl lrd` sdtjs, caur sefiijr sdtjs wjrj iakftj` wdtbdgfrjfs ac ODC. Dt ds dgtjrjstdgl ta gatj tbft tbj twa dg`dvdùfi ^. efkàggjiijgsds wjrjkfpturj` dg agj ac tbj ODC sdtjs ([dtj 4) fg` f tbdr` ^. efkàggjiijgsds wfs sjjgappartugdstdkfiiy dg f ODC rfglj. \dtb rjcjrjgkj ta `dstrdoutdagfi efps, tbj [gfrm frjffppjfrs ta oj ft tbj wjstjrg jxtjgt ac tbj rfglj ac tbds spjkdjs (vfg @ykm fg` [trfbfg?>>2). vfg @ykm fg` [trfbfg (?>>2) fisa rjpart tbft ^. efkàggjiijgsds akkurs dg rj`sfg`pifdgs. \bdij tbds spjkdjs àjs gat fppjfr ag fgy idst ac Pbrjftjgj` cfugf car jdtbjr

tbj [tftj ar Cj`jrfiiy, dt kaui` oj frluj` tbft tbj depfkt ag tbds spjkdjs efy oj lrjftjrtbfg ag atbjr iakfi spjkdjs tbft à gat cfvaur agiy ODC out akkupy passdoiy ODC out fisaatbjr bfodtft typjs. Bawjvjr, fs ^. efkàggjiijgsds àjs gat fppjfr ag fgy Pbrjftjgj`cfugf idst fg` tbft gat fii ODC dg tbj frjf wdii oj rjeavj`, tbj kagsjrvftdag stftus ac tbdsspjkdjs ds gat idmjiy ta oj fccjktj` oy tbj prapasj` edgdgl fktdvdty dg tbj [gfrm frjf.Dg`jj`, usdgl tbj JÔK ^ratjktj` Efttjrs [jfrkb Paai fg` dgtjrralftdgl tbj @JKPbrjftjgj` fg` ^rdardty Cfugf @ftfofsj, ga efeefi spjkdjs ac kagsjrvftdag frj idstj` cartbj frjf. Gagj ac tbj atbjr spjkdjs kfpturj` ar sjjg appartugdstdkfiiy wjrj d`jgtdcdj` fsspjkdjs ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj.

Agiy agj spjkdjs ac gag-gftdvj efeefi wfs kfpturj`. Eus euskuius papuiftdags frjmgawg ta ciuktuftj jgareausiy fkkar`dgl ta kideftj fg` caa` fvfdifodidty. \bdij tbjy àorjj` appartugdstdkfiiy, efgy frj oarg crae Aktaojr ta Fprdi (Ejgmbarst fg` Mgdlbt ?>>0).Pbds ds kagsdstjgt wdtb tbj ifrlj gueojr ac E. euskuius kfpturj` ùrdgl tbj survjy. \bdijtbj efhardty (<:%) ac E. euskuius wjrj kfpturj` dg fiuedgdue oax trfps, gagj wjrjkfpturj` dg tbj fiuedgdue oax trfps iakftj` wdtbdg tbj ODC frjfs.

Zgkagcdrej`, fgjkàtfi rjparts sulljst tbft kfts, àls fg` caxjs akkur dg tbj vdkdgdty ac tbj[gfrm frjf. \bdij àl `rappdgls wjrj rjkar`j` dg tbj frjf, ga dg`dvdùfis ar jvd`jgkj acfgy ac tbj atbjr cjrfi spjkdjs wjrj sjjg ùrdgl tbj survjy. Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbds, tbj iawgueojr ac efeefis dg tbj frjf efy oj fttrdoutfoij ta f `jlrjj ac prj`ftdag.

Ldvjg tbj iaw gueojrs ac efeefis kfpturj`, dt ds gat surprdsdgl tbft f spjkdjs

fkkueuiftdag kurvj `d` gat rjfkb dts fsyeptatj ùrdgl tbj jdlbt `fy survjy (Cdlurj 6;). Zpta :>% ac spjkdjs wjrj kfpturj` fctjr tbj cdrst gdlbt fg` ga earj wjrj kfpturj` ugtdi tbjcdctb gdlbt ac trfppdgl8 agj gjw spjkdjs wfs kfpturj` ag jfkb ac tbj caiiawdgl gdlbts. \bdijdt kfg oj fssuej` tbft gat efgy earj spjkdjs wjrj prjsjgt, efgy earj trfppdgl




00

pralrfes spfggdgl efgy earj sjfsags waui` pravd`j f earj kaepijtj rjprjsjgtftdag actbj efeefi fssjeoiflj dg tbj [gfrm frjf.

Cdlurj 6; - [pjkdjs fkkueuiftdag kurvj car gag-vaifgt gftdvj fg` gag-gftdvjefeefis kfpturj` urdgl tbj systjeftdk cfugf survjy

Fgfoft `jtjktars rjkar` tbj prjsjgkj ac ofts, rftbjr tbfg tbj gueojrs prjsjgt. Ofts wjrjrjkar`j` ft fii sjvjg sdtjs, wdtb twa ac tbj sdx spjkdjs bjfr` pasdtdvjiy ft fii sjvjg sdtjs.\bdij saej kfiis wjrj pasdtdvjiy d`jgtdcdj`, atbjrs rjqudrj kagcdreftdag fg` saej kaui` oj

agj ac twa spjkdjs. Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbds, dt ds rjfsagfoij ta fssuej tbft tbj `dvjrsdty acofts prjsjgt jxtjg`s tbraulbaut tbj [gfrm frjf.

Jdlbtjjg spjkdjs ac efeefis bfvj ojjg vaukbjrj` ft tbj \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue cartbj frjf wdtb tjg ojdgl gag-vaifgt efeefis fg` jdlbt rjprjsjgtdgl ofts (Fppjg`dx @). Actbj gag-vaifgt efeefis, agiy agj `fsyurd` fg` tbrjj eurd` kfpturj` ùrdgl tbds survjybfvj ojjg vaukbjrj` ft tbj Eusjue crae tbj frjf, wdtb ^sju`fgtjkbdgusefkàggjiijgsds fg` Gataeys edtkbjiidd gat ag tbj Eusjue idst. Car tbj ofts, agiyKbfidgaiaous laui`dd, Sjspf`jius ofvjrstakmd fg` Pf`frd`f fustrfids bfvj ojjg vaukbjrj`ft tbj Eusjue.

Fs gatj` car tbj rjptdijs, kaepfrdsags wdtb atbjr stu`djs frj idedtj` ùj ta `dccjrjgkjs dgtdedgl, trfppdgl pralrfes fg` tfxagaedk kbfgljs. Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbds, fg` rjcijktj` dgtbj Eusjue rjkar`dgls, caur ac tbj sdx gag-vaifgt efeefis bfvj ojjg kfpturj` jisjwbjrjùrdgl atbjr rjldagfi survjys, out gat ^. efkàggjiijgsds ar G. edtkbjiidd.

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6

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Gueojr ac `fys




0:

:.: OD_@[

:.:.6 Pbj fssjeoifljs

F tatfi ac 062 dg`dvdùfi odr`s rjprjsjgtdgl ?4 spjkdjs crae 60 Cfedidjs wjrj rjkar`j`ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk sfepidgl deej`dftjiy fctjr sugrdsj (FE) fg` ojcarj sugsjt (Ê)(Pfoij 6;). Pbj tatfi spjkdjs tfiiy rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj caur, ?> edgutj eargdgl survjys ft

jfkb sdtj kaeprdsj` ;>4 dg`dvdùfis wdtb ?4 spjkdjs rjprjsjgtdgl 60 Cfedidjs. @urdgl tbjtwa, ;> edgutj fctjrgaag survjys ft jfkb sdtj, 6>4 dg`dvdùfis rjprjsjgtdgl ?> spjkdjs crae60 Cfedidjs wjrj rjkar`j`. Agj Kdgkiasaef kfstfgatus Kbjstgut Vufdi-tbrusb wfskfpturj` dg f kflj trfp ft [dtj 6 tbft ordgls tbjsj tatfis kaiijktdvjiy ta 064 dg`dvdùfi odr`sgueojrdgl ;> spjkdjs crae 6: Cfedidjs. Pbds K. kfstfgatus wfs tbj agiy odr` spjkdjs ta ojkfpturj` ùrdgl tbj survjy pjrda` fg` tbj agiy cfugf spjkdjs kfpturj` dg f kflj trfp.

Pbj rjsuits ac tbj ?> edgutj eargdgl survjys dg`dkftj` tbft pfssjrdgjs (g 5 ?24) rjprjsjgtf efhardty (4;.:%) ac spjkdjs rjkar`j` dg tbj frjf wdtb agiy ?> dg`dvdùfis crae twaCfedidjs fkkaugtdgl car tbj gag-pfssjrdgjs (3.:%) (Pfoij 6;). Ac tbj gag- pfssjrdgjs, 6:Ofrgfr`dus zagfrdus Fustrfidfg _dglgjkm autgueojrj` tbj atbjr twa pfrrat spjkdjs wdtbagiy twa îftykjrkus vfrdus Euilf ^frrat fg` twa Gjapbjef jijlfgs Jijlfgt ^frrat

rjkar`j`. Agiy agj Kukuius pfiidùs ^fiid` Kukmaa wfs rjkar`j`.

\dtbdg tbj pfssjrdgjs, Fkfgtbdzd`s fkkaugtj` car earj odr`s (g 5 6>6, ;0.4%) tbfg fii atbjrspjkdjs (Pfoij 6;). Pbj east uodqudtaus ac tbj Fkfgtbdzd`s wfs [edkrargds orjvdrastrds \jjodii wdtb :< odr`s rjkar`j`, rjprjsjgtdgl :3% ac tbds lraup. Caiiawdgl tbj Fkfgtbdzd`s,tbj Efiurd`s, rjprjsjgtj` oy Efiurus spijg`jgs [pijg`d` Cfdry-wrjg fg` E. ifeojrtd Sfrdjlftj` Cfdry-wrjg fkkaugtj` car ?3.3% ac fii tbj odr`s rjkar`j`, kaiijktdvjiy tatfiidgl <<odr`s. Arjadkf lutturfids Krjstj` Ojiiodr` wbdkb ds idstj` fs f ^rdardty 0 spjkdjs ag tbj @JKPbrjftjgj` fg` ^rdardty Cfugf @ftfofsj wfs rjkar`j` ?4 tdejs fkkaugtdgl car 6>% ac tbjodr`s rjkar`j`. Pbj rjefdgdgl spjkdjs fii rjkar`j` ijss tbfg 6>% jfkb ac tbj tatfi gueojrac odr`s rjkar`j`.

Earj odr`s wjrj rjkar`j` ft [dtj : (g 5 33) tbfg ft tbj atbjr sdtjs. Ojtwjjg 0> fg` :>odr`s wjrj rjkar`j` ft [dtj ?, [dtj 0 fg` [dtj 3 fg` tbj rjefdgdgl sdtjs jfkb rjkar`jòjtwjjg ;> fg` 0> odr`s. [dtj 0 fkkaugtj` car tbj east gueojr ac spjkdjs (g 5 63) wdtb fsdedifr gueojr ac spjkdjs (g 5 60) ft [dtjs ?, : fg` 3. Pbj ijfst gueojr ac spjkdjs (g 5 4)wfs rjkar`j` ft [dtj 6.

\bdij tbj tdej spjgt survjydgl odr`s wfs iagljr dg tbj eargdgls ft jfkb sdtj (2> edgutjs)tbfg dg tbj fctjrgaags (3> edgutjs), prapartdagftjiy cfr cjwjr odr`s wjrj rjkar`j` ùrdgltbj fctjrgaag sjssdags (g 5 6>4) tbfg ùrdgl tbj eargdgl survjys (g 5 ;>4), fg` cfr cjwjrspjkdjs (g 5 ?> vjrsus g 5 ?4). Ga f``dtdagfi spjkdjs wjrj rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj fctjrgaagsjssdags tbft wjrj gat rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj eargdgl survjys.

@urdgl tbj fctjrgaag survjys agiy agj gag-pfssjrdgj (Fustrfidfg _dglgjkm) wfs rjkar`j`rjsuitdgl dg 4<% ojdgl pfssjrdgjs. [dedifr ta tbj rjsuits crae tbj eargdgl survjys, tbj Fkfgtbdzd`s autgueojrj` fii atbjr pfssjrdgjs. \bdij f ciakm (g 5 ~?>) ac ugd`jgtdcdj`Pbargodiis dgciftj` tbj gueojrs ac Fkfgtbdzd`s, tbj \jjodii (g 5 6:) fg` Dgifg` Pbargodii (g 56;) fkkaugtj` car tbj efhardty ac tbj rjefdgdgl Fkfgtbdzd`s. Agiy tbj [pijg`d` Cfdry-wrjgEfiurus spijg`jgs autgueojrj` tbjsj spjkdjs wdtb ?6 ojdgl rjkar`j`.




03

Pfoij 6; - Fvdcfugf spjkdjs rjkar`j` urdgl systjeftdk sfepidgl

Cfediy [pjkdjs Kaeeag Gfej [dtj 6 [dtj ? [dtj ; [dtj

Fe ê Fe ê Fe ê Fe ^sdttfkd`fj îftykjrkus zagfrdus Fustrfidfg _dglgjkm ? „ „ „ „ „ ?

îftykjrkus vfrdus Euilf frrat „ „ „ „ „ „ „

Gjapbjef jijlfgs Jijlfgt ^frrat „ „ „ „ „ „ „

Kukuid`fj Kukuius pfiidùs ^fiid` Kukmaa „ „ „ „ 6 „ „

Kidefktjrd`fj Kidefktjrds fccdgds \bdtj-orawj` Prjjkrjjpjr „ „ „ „ „ „ 6

Efiurd`fj Efiurus spijg`jgs [pijg`d` Cfdry-wrjg < ; < : ? „ :

Efiurus ifeojrtd Sfrdjlftj` Cfdry-wrjg „ „ 6> „ 3 „ :

Fkfg tbdzd`fj ^yrrbaifjeus oruggjus _j`tbraft „ „ „ „ ? „ ?

[edkrargds orjvdrastrds \jjodii 4 0 3 „ < ? 2

Ljrylagj cuskf \jstjrg Ljrylagj„ „

? „ „ „

6

Fkfgtbdzf urapyldfids Kbjstgut-ruepj` Pbargodii „ „ „ „ „ „ „

Fkfgtbdzf fpdkfids Dgifg` Pbargodii 0 ; „ ; : „ ?

Fkfgtbdzf spp. Pbargodiis „ ?> „ „ „ „ „

Fpbjiakjpbfif ijukapsds [autbjrg \bdtjcfkj „ „ „ „ „ „ „

^fr`fiatd`fj ^fr`fiatus strdftus [trdftj` ^fr`fiatj „ ? ; „ „ „ „

Ejidpbfld`fj Idkbjgastaeus vdrjskjgs [dgldgl Bagjyjftjr ? „ „ ? 6 6 6

Idkbjgastaeus ijukatds \bdtj-jfrj` Bagjyjftjr : : 6 „ : „ „

Fkfgtbfljgys rucaluifrds [pdgy-kbjjmj` Bagjyjftjr „ „ 6 6 „ „ „

Idkbejrf dg`dstdgktf Orawg Bagjyjftjr„ „ „ 6 „ „ „

âeftastaed`fj âeftastaeus supjrkdidasus \bdtj-orawj` Ofooijr „ „ : „ „ „ 0

Kfepjpbfld`fj Karfkdgf gavfjbaiifg`dfj Oifkm-cfkj` Kukmaa-sbrdmj „ „ „ „ „ „ ;

^fkbykjpbfid`fj ^fkbykjpbfif rucdvjgtrds _ucaus \bdstijr „ „ 6 „ 6 6 „




0<

Cfediy [pjkdjs Kaeeag Gfej [dtj 6 [dtj ? [dtj ; [dtj

Fe ê Fe ê Fe ê Fe

Kaiiurdkdgkif bfreagdkf Lrjy [brdmj-tbrusb „ „ 6 „ „ „ ?

Arjadkf lutturfids Krjstj` Ojiiodr` „ 6 ? „ 0 „ 0

Krfktdkd`fj Krfktdkus gdlraluifrds ^dj` Outkbjrodr`„ „

6 „ „ „ „

[trjpjrf vjrsdkaiar Lrjy Kurrfwagl ? „ ; „ „ 6 ?

@dkrurd`fj _bdpdùrf cuidldgasf Lrjy Cfgtfdi 6 6 „ 6 0 „ 6

Karvd`fj Karvus ojggjttd Idttij Kraw ? ? 0 6 „ „ „

^jtradkd`fj ^jtradkf laa`jgavdd _j`-kfppj` _aodg „ „ „ „ „ „ 6

Ejifga`ryfs kukuiiftf Baa`j` _aodg „ „ „ „ „ „ „

Fe [uotatfi ;0 0< ;2 00

Fe Kueuift dvj ta tfi ;0 26 664 63;

ê [uotatfi 06 60 :

ê Kueuiftdvj tatfi 06 :: 3>

Lrfg` Patfi <: 6;3 6<4 ??




02

Fii rjefdgdgl spjkdjs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj fctjrgaag survjys gueojrj` cdvj ar ijss wdtb agiyagj ac caur spjkdjs rjkar`j`.

Ldvjg tbj ciakm ac ugd`jgtdcdj` Pbargodiis, [dtj 6 rjkar`j` earj odr`s tbfg ft fii atbjr sdtjsùrdgl tbj fctjrgaag survjys. Jxkiu`dgl tbjsj Pbargodiis, [dtj 6 suppartj` efrldgfiiy earjodr`s (g 5 ?6) tbfg tbj atbjr sdtjs (≠62). Pbj ijfst gueojr ac odr`s wfs rjkar`j` ft [dtj ;(g 5 :). Earj spjkdjs wjrj fisa rjkar`j` ft [dtj 6 (g 5 4), wdtb tbj ijfst gueojr ac spjkdjs(g 5 ?) rjkar`j` ft [dtj 0. Dgtjrjstdgliy, caur spjkdjs ac odr`s wjrj rjkar`j` ft [dtj ; wbjrjtbj ijfst gueojr ac odr`s wfs rjkar`j`.

Appartugdstdk rjkar`dgls fkkaugtj` car ?4 odr` spjkdjs d`jgtdcdj` ùrdgl tbj survjy pjrda`(Fppjg`dx @). Ac tbjsj, sdx wjrj gat rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk odr` survjys (Pfoij60). Dg f``dtdag, jvd`jgkj ac Efiijjcawi wfs fisa sjjg appartugdstdkfiiy. Kagvjrsjiy,sjvjg odr` spjkdjs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk survjys wjrj gat sjjg appartugdstdkfiiy(Pfoij 60). Pbj Kbjstgut Vufdi-tbrusb, wbdij gat rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj tdej` odr` survjys,wfs kfpturj` dg agj ac tbj kflj trfps ùrdgl tbj tjrrjstrdfi trfppdgl kaepagjgt ac tbjsurvjy, fg` wfs rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy.

Pfoij 60 ‛ Kaepfrftdvj odr` rjkar`dgls ojtwjjg appartugdst dk sdlbtdglsfg` systjeftdk sfepidgl

Odr`s

spjkdjs

rjkar`j`

appartugdstdkfiiy

out

gat

ùrdgl

systjeftdk

sfepidgl

Cfediy [kdjgtdc dk Gfej Kaeeag Gfej

Kidefktjrd`fj Kidefktjrds rucf _ucaus Prjjkrjjpjr

Fkfgtbdzd`fj Fkfgtbdzf kbrysarrbaf Tjiiaw-ruepj` Pbargodii

Gjasdttd`fj @fpbajgasdttf kbrysaptjrf Sfrdj` [dttjiif

Kfepjpbfld`fj Ififlj sujurdd \bdtj-wdglj` Prdiijr

^fkbykjpbfid`fj ^fkbykjpbfif dgargftf Ldiojrt's \bdstijr

Jstrdi`d`fj Pfjgdapyldf luttftf Xjorf Cdgkb

Odr` spjkdjs rjkar`j` ùrdgl systjeftdk sfepidgl out gat appartugdstdkfiiy

Cfediy [kdjgtdc dk Gfej Kaeeag Gfej

^sdttfkd`fj Gjapbjef jijlfgs Jijlfgt frrat

Kukuid`fj Kukuius pfiidùs ^fiid` Kukmaa

Kidefktjrd`fj Kidefktjrds fccdgds \bdtj-orawj` Prjjkrjjpjr

Fkfgtbdzd`fj Fpbjiakjpbfif ijukapsds [autbjrg \bdtjcfkj

Ejidpbfld`fj Idkbjgastaeus vdrjskjgs [dgldgl Bagjyjftjr

Idkbejrf dg`dstdgktf Orawg Bagjyjftjr

^jtradkd`fj ^jtradkf euitdkaiar [kfrijt _aodg

Pbj east uodqudtaus spjkdjs rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy wfs tbj [pijg`d` Cfdry \rjgEfiurus spijg`jgs. [dedifr ta systjeftdk sfepidgl rjsuits, cfr cjwjr gag-pfssjrdgjs (twaCfedidjs) wjrj rjkar`j` tbfg pfssjrdgj Cfedidjs (g 5 ?<) (Fppjg`dx @).

Ac tbj odr`s kagsd`jrj` ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj idstj` car tbj frjf, jvd`jgkj ac tbjEfiijjcawi Ijdpaf akjiiftf wfs caug` fg` tbj Krjstj` Ojiiodr` Arjadkf luttjrfids wfsrjkar`j` ft jvjry sdtj fg` appartugdstdkfiiy. Pbj Krjstj` Ojiiodr` ds idstj` fs f ^rdardty Caurspjkdjs ag tbj @JK Pbrjftjgj` fg` ^rdardty Cfugf @ftfofsj.

Efiijjcawis frj idstj` fs f Pbrjftjgj` spjkdjs ug`jr tbj JÔK Fkt 6444 fg` @JK

Pbrjftjgj` fg` ^rdardty cfugf @ftfofsj. Zgkagcdrej` sdlbtdgls ac Efiijjcawis bfvj ojjgrjpartj` dg tbj frjf (Kftby Lfiid pjrs kaee.). @urdgl tbj survjy pjrda`, cdvj dgfktdvj, aiÈfiijjcawi eaug`s wjrj d`jgtdcdj` wdtbdg tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf (Cdlurj 0) fg` f curtbjr




04

eaug` (Ga. 3) wfs d`jgtdcdj` autsd`j ac tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf out wdtbdg tbj Ifmj Ldijs^rahjkt frjf (îftjs 4 ta 60). Pfoij 6: pravd`js tbj kaar`dgftjs ac fii sdx Efiijjcawieaug`s.

Pfoij 6: - Efiijjcawi Eaug` Iakftdags

Efiijjcawi Eaug` Iakftdags

Ga. 6 :> H <20?>4 3342<;;

Ga. ? :> H <20?6< 334:022

Ga. ; :> H <2;<>: 334:3;2

Ga. 0 :> H <2<:4< 334<<>;

Ga. : :> H <2<0<2 334<>4>

Ga. 3 :6 H ?662>: 33<32>?

îftj 6? ‛ Efiijjcawi Eaug` # 6

îftj 6; - Efiijjcawi Eaug` # ?




:>

îftj 60 - Efiijjcawi Eaug` # ;

îftj 6: - Efiijjcawi Eaug` # 0

îftj 63 - Efiijjcawi Eaug` # :




:6

îftj 6< - Efiijjcawi Eaug` # 3 autsd`j ac [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf

Dgtjrralftdag ac tbj Odr`s Fustrfidf Ftifs `ftfofsj idstj` 0; spjkdjs car tbj frjf (Fppjg`dx@). Ac tbasj odr`s rjkar`j` kaiijktdvjiy ùrdgl tbj survjy, ?> spjkdjs wjrj idstj` fs bfvdglojjg sjjg/bjfr` dg tbj frjf wdtb fg f``dtdagfi spjkdjs sjjg appartugdstdkfiiy. Gdgj spjkdjswjrj sjjg ùrdgl systjeftdk survjys tbft wjrj gat ag tbj Odr`s Fustrfidf idst car tbj frjffg` f curtbjr sdx spjkdjs gat ag tbj idst wjrj sjjg appartugdstdkfiiy (Fppjg`dx @).

:.:.? @dskussdag

[jfsag fg` rfdgcfii wjrj tfmjg dgta fkkaugt wbjg pifggdgl tbj aptdefi tdej car kagùktdgltbds survjy. Foavj fvjrflj rfdgcfii wfs rjkar`j` car @jkjeojr ?>6> fg` Hfgufry ?>66wdtb fg jxkjssdvj feaugt rjkar`j` car Cjorufry ?>66. Kagvjgtdagfiiy, survjys frjug`jrtfmjg dg futueg fg` sprdgl. Ldvjg tbj rjkjgt rfdgcfii, tbds survjy wfs pifggj` dg tbj

futueg eagtbs ta tfmj f`vfgtflj ac tbj fvjrflj fg` rfdgcfiis wjii foavj fvjrflj ac tbjprjvdaus eagtbs. \bdij tbj ciawjrdgl ac fgy pfrtdkuifr ciarfi spjkdjs wfs gat spjkdcdkfiiykagsd`jrj`, tbj avjrfii vjljtftdvj rjspagsj ta tbj rfdgcfii wfs kjrtfdgiy jvd`jgt wdtbdg tbj[gfrm frjf.

Pbj odr` kjgsusjs ydji`j` f tatfi ac 064 dg`dvdùfis ac ;> spjkdjs crae 6: Cfedidjs. Pbjefhardty ac odr`s wjrj pfssjrdgjs (74>%) fg` tbds trjg` wfs kagsdstjgt car oatb tbj eargdglaosjrvftdags, ft jfkb sdtj fg` aosjrvftdags ug`jrtfmjg ojcarj sugsjt. \dtbdg tbjpfssjrdgjs, kaiijktdvjiy, ;:% wjrj rjprjsjgtj` oy Fkfgtbdzd`s wdtb tbj \jjodii fkkaugtdglcar :3% ac tbds lraup, caiiawj` oy tbj twa spjkdjs ac Cfdry-wrjg tbft fkkaugtj` car ?3.3% acfii odr`s rjkar`j`. Fkfgtbdzd`s frj prdefrdiy dgsjktdvarjs fg` caa` rjsaurkjs pfrtdkuifriycaiiawdgl tbj vjljtftdvj rjspagsj ta tbj rjkjgt, foavj fvjrflj rfdgcfii wjrj jvd`jgtiy

succdkdjgt ta suppart gueojrs ac tbjsj spjkdjs.

Pbj `dstrdoutdag ac odr`s tbraulbaut tbj [gfrm frjf wfs gat rjefrmfoiy `dccjrjgt ojtwjjgsdtjs out `d` fppjfr saejwbft pftkby wdtb gueojrs rjkar`j` fs iaw fs ;0 ([dtj 6) fg` upta 33 ([dtj :) car tbj eargdgl survjys. Jxkiu`dgl f ciakm ac ugd`jgtdcdj` Pbargodiis, tbjjvjgdgl rjsuits sbawj` f sdedifr pftkby `dstrdoutdag fkrass tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf wdtb tbjiawjst gueojr rjkar`j` ojdgl : ft [dtj ; fg` tbj bdlbjst gueojr ac ?6 ft [dtj 6. Pbjsjrjsuits sulljst tbft tbjrj ds ga sdlgdcdkfgt karrjiftdag ojtwjjg `dstrdoutdag ac odr`s fkrasstbj ijgltb ac tbj frjf survjyj` fg` tbj vjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs fs d`jgtdcdj` oy Efttdsmj(?>66). Pbj rjsuits ac tbj eargdgl fg` jvjgdgl survjys `d` dg`dkftj tbft iftj fctjrgaag wfsgat fg jccjktdvj tdej car sfepidgl odr` papuiftdags fg` sfepidgl fs saag fctjr sugrdsj fspassdoij praùkj` tbj ojst rjsuits.

Ac tbj spjkdjs ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj, jvd`jgkj ac Efiijjcawi wfs rjkar`j`, fg` tbjkbfrfktjrdstdk kfii ac tbj Krjstj` Ojiiodr` wfs bjfr` tbraulbaut tbj survjy frjf. Ga atbjr




:?

spjkdjs ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj ar jvd`jgkj ac tbjdr prjsjgkj wfs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbjsurvjy. Pbjsj spjkdjs fg` atbjr spjkdjs ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj idstj` ta patjgtdfiiyakkur dg tbj frjf wdii oj `dskussj` dg [jktdag 3.6.

F spjkdjs fkkueuiftdag kurvj car odr`s rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj Futueg ?>66 [urvjy (Cdlurj60) dg`dkftjs tbft 33% ac spjkdjs wjrj rjkar`j` fctjr tbj cdrst `fy ac aosjrvftdags fg` up ta4>% rjkar`j` ag tbj sjkag` `fy. Pbj tbdr` fg` caurtb eargdgls bf` agj fg` twaf``dtdagfi spjkdjs rjspjktdvjiy tbft wjrj rjkar`j`. Fs ejgtdagj` prjvdausiy, ga spjkdjswjrj rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj fctjrgaag sjssdags tbft bf` gat ojjg rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbjeargdgl survjys fg` tbft sfepidgl ft tbds tdej `d` gat pravd`j fgy f``dtdagfi rjsuits.Ofsj` ag tbjsj rjsuits fg` tbj tdej ac yjfr, dt ds idmjiy tbft f rjfsagfoij rjprjsjgtftdag actbj efhardty ac tbj odr`s wjrj sdlbtj` tbft wjrj dg tbj survjy frjf avjr tbj tdej pjrda`survjyj`. Dt ds idmjiy tbft `dccjrjgt spjkdjs efy oj prjsjgt ft `dccjrjgt tdejs ac tbj yjfr,dgkiu`dgl edlrftary spjkdjs. Pbj ug`jrtfmdgl ac fg f``dtdagfi kaeprjbjgsdvj survjy ùrdgltbj sprdgl eagtbs wdii pravd`j curtbjr ofsjidgj dgcareftdag tbft wdii sftdscy J^Frjqudrjejgts.

Agiy agj odr` spjkdjs Ljrylagj cuskf \jstjrg Ljrylagj bfs ojjg vaukbjrj` ft tbj

\jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue car tbj frjf fg` tbds spjkdjs wfs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbjsystjeftdk sfepidgl fg` wfs rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy (Fppjg`dx @).

[dxtjjg odr` spjkdjs wjrj rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj rjkaggfdssfgkj survjy kagùktj` oy MIF dgEfy ?>66 fg` fii tbjsj spjkdjs wjrj sjjg fg` bjfr` ùrdgl tbj survjys.

Fs gatj` jisjwbjrj, f kaepfrdsag wdtb atbjr survjys ds idedtj` ldvjg tbj sjfsagfi,tjeparfi fg` bfodtft `dccjrjgkjs. Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbds fg` jxkiu`dgl spjkdjs fssakdftj`wdtb wftjr oa`djs, atbjr rjldagfi survjys bfvj idstj` f tatfi ac :2 f``dtdagfi spjkdjskaiijktdvjiy tbft wjrj gat rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbds futueg survjy (Fppjg`dx @). Dgtjrjstdgliy,agiy agj spjkdjs (âiytjids fgtbapjpius Jijlfgt ^frrat) wfs rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj survjytbft bfs gat ojjg rjkar`j` ùrdgl prjvdaus rjldagfi survjys, out àjs fppjfr ag tbj Odr`s

Fustrfidf idst car tbj frjf.

Cdlurj 60- [pjkdjs fkkueuiftdag kurvj car odr`s rjkar`j` urdgl tbj Futueg ?>66 cfugf survjys

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64

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Gueojr ac `fys




:;

:.3 [ÂPIDLBPDGL

:.3.6 Pbj fssjeoifljs

F tatfi ac sdx baurs fg` carty-cdvj edgutjs avjr caur jvjgdgls tatfiidgl ?;.: spatidlbtdgl baurswjrj spjgt trfvjrsdgl tbj survjy frjfs. Jstfoidsbj` trfkms wjrj caiiawj` wdtbdg fg`f`hfkjgt ta tbj survjy frjf= tbj trfppdgl lrd` frjfs wjrj gat jgtjrj` sa tbft efeefis dg

tbj deej`dftj frjfs ac tbj trfps waui` gat oj `dsturoj`.

Kaiijktdvjiy, ùrdgl spatidlbtdgl fg` bjf`-tarkb sjfrkbjs, agj Fustrfidfg Mjstrji Cfikakjgkbrad`js fg` agj ^fiid` Kukmaa Kukuius pfiidùs wjrj rjkar`j` fg` guejrausugd`jgtdcdj` ofts wjrj sjjg ciydgl avjrbjf` (Fppjg`dx @).

:.3.? @dskussdag

Ldvjg tbj iaw gueojr ac efeefi fg` rjptdij spjkdjs kfpturj`, dt wfs gat surprdsdgl tbftgagj wjrj sjjg ùrdgl tbj spatidlbtdgl carfys. Bawjvjr, dt wfs fgtdkdpftj` tbft ft ijfst fcjw spjkdjs waui` bfvj ojjg sjjg. Pbj ifkm ac fgy efeefis ar rjptdijs efy fisa ojfttrdoutj` ta tbj tdej ac yjfr wdtb ijss fgdefis ojdgl sdlbtj` ùrdgl tbj kai`jr eagtbs.

3.> JGSD_AGEJGPFI DE^FKP[

3.6 Cfugf ac Kagsjrvftdag [dlgdcdkfgkj

Gftdvj cfugf spjkdjs tbft frj rfrj, tbrjftjgj` wdtb jxtdgktdag, ar bfvj bdlb kagsjrvftdagvfiuj frj pratjktj` oy ifw ug`jr tbj Cj`jrfi JÔK Fkt 6444, dg f``dtdag ta tbj \jstjrg Fustrfidf \KF 64:>.

Pbj JÔK Fkt 6444 idsts twa tjrrjstrdfi odr` spjkdjs fg` caur edlrftary odr` spjkdjs acgftdagfi departfgkj idmjiy ta akkur wdtbdg tbj frjf ac tbj prapasj` edgdgl fktdvdty, fg` tbj@JK Pbrjftjgj` fg` ^rdardty Cfugf @ftfofsj idsts tbrjj tbrjftjgj` odr` spjkdjs (Pfoij

63). F sbart `jskrdptdag ac jfkb ac tbj spjkdjs caiiaws, wdtb tbj patjgtdfi depfkt ag tbjdrkagsjrvftdag stftus8

• Efiijjcawi Ijdpaf akjiiftf

Cfediy8 Ejlfpa`d`fj

Kagsjrvftdag [tftus8 Suigjrfoij ug`jr JÔK Fkt 6444[kbjùij 68 _frj fg` idmjiy ta ojkaej jxtdgkt ug`jr tbj\jstjrg Fustrfidfg \diìdcj Kagsjrvftdag Fkt 64:>

@dstrdoutdag8 Pbj Efiijjcawi wfs agkj orafìy `dstrdoutj` fkrass tbj sautbjrg bfic ac tbj Fustrfidfg kagtdgjgt, out bfs ug`jrlagj sdlgdcdkfgt rfglj rjùktdag fg` gaw akkupysjed-frd` rjldags ac sautbjrg Fustrfidf wbjrj efiijj jukfiypts care tbj àedgfgtvjljtftdag (Odr`s Fustrfidf ?>66).

Jkaialy8 Pbj Efiijjcawi ds f ifrlj, lraug`-`wjiidgl odr` tbft raasts dg trjjs out rfrjiycidjs. Pbj spjkdjs ds aegdvaraus fg` typdkfiiy bfs f ifrlj baej rfglj dg waaìfg`s arsbruoifg`s tbft bfvj f `jjp ifyjr ac ijfc idttjr wbdkb ds usj` dg oudi`dgl gjstdgl eaug`s.Eaug`s frj up ta agj ejtrj dg bjdlbt fg` ;e ta : e dg `dfejtjr. Orjj`dgl akkurs crae[jptjeojr ta Fprdi fg` kbdkms jejrlj dg`jpjg`jgtiy, fppraxdeftjiy sjvjg wjjms fctjrbftkbdgl.

Kijfrdgl ac bfodtft, cax prj`ftdag fg` tbj `jlrf`ftdag ac bfodtft oy cdrj fg` avjrlrfzdgloy cjrfi idvjstakm bfs rjùkj` Efiijjcawi gueojrs kagsd`jrfoiy.




:0

Pfoij 63 - Kagsjrvftdag sdlgd cdkfgt tjrrjstrdfi cfugf patjgtdfiiy akkur rdgl dg tbj s tu

[^JKDJ[ KAEEAG GFEJKAG[J_SFPDAG[DLGDCDKFGKJ ^_JSDA

JÔK \KF @JK

FSDCFZGF

Ijdpaf akjiiftf EfiijjcawiSuigjrfoij/Edlrftary [6 ?>>< Z

Fpus pfkdcdkus Carm-tfdij` [wdct Edlrftary

Fr`jf fiof ea`jstf Lrjft Jlrjt Edlrftary

Fr`jf dods Kfttij Jlrjt Edlrftary

Cfika pjrjlrdgus ^jrjlrdgj Cfikag [0?>>6 B642> E

Ejraps argftus _fdgoaw Ojj-jftjr Edlrftary

Fkfgtbdzf drj`fijd drj`fijd [ijg`jr-odiij` Pbargodii Suigjrfoij

Arjadkf lutturfids suosp. lutturfids Krjstj` Ojiiodr` ^0 642> E




::

Idmjidbaa` ac akkurrjgkj8 Pbj east rjkjgt rjkar` ac Efiijjcawi ag tbj @JK Pbrjftjgj`fg` ^rdardty Cfugf @ftfofsj idsts f `fy sdlbtdgl ag tbj sd`j ac tbj raf` ft Zifrrdgl dg?>><. Zifrrdgl ds fppraxdeftjiy :> me sautbjfst ac [gfrm. Earj rjkjgt (?>6>)ugkagcdrej` sdlbtdgls ac Efiijjcawi bfvj ojjg rjpartj` dg tbj frjf (Kftby Lfiid pjrskaee.) Cdvj ai` fg` dgfktdvj eaug`s wjrj rjkar`j` wdtbdg tbj [gfrm prahjkt frjf fg`f curtbjr ai`, fofgàgj` eaug` wfs d`jgtdcdj` sautb ac tbj prahjkt frjf ([jktdag :.:).Pbj passdoij prjsjgkj ac tbds spjkdjs ds f``rjssj` dg tbj rjkaeejg`ftdags.

âtjgtdfi Depfkts8 Pbj patjgtdfi depfkts ac tbj prapasj` edgdgl fktdvdty ag tbds spjkdjswdii oj earj fkkurftjiy `jtjredgj` caiiawdgl fktdags tfmjg fs sulljstj` dg tbjrjkaeejg`ftdags. Bawjvjr, dc Efiijjcawi wjrj ta oj prjsjgt dg tbj frjf, dt ds ugidmjiytbft tbj avjrfii kagsjrvftdag stftus ac tbds spjkdjs wdii oj fitjrj` oy tbj prapasjèdgdgl fktdvdty.

• Fpus pfkdc dkus Carm-tfdij` [wdct

Cfediy8 Fpa`d`fj

Kagsjrvftdag [tftus8 Edlrftary Efrdgj ug`jr JÔK Fkt 6444Pbds spjkdjs ds fisa idstj` dg tbj KFEOF, HFEOF fg` _AMFEOF flrjjejgts.

@dstrdoutdag8 Pbj Carm-tfdij` [wdct orjj`s dg gartbjfst fg` ed`-jfst Fsdf fg` wdgtjrs dgsautb Gjw Ludgjf fg` Fustrfidf (Habgstagj fg` [tarr 6442). Dt ds f vdsdtar ta eastpfrts ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf ojldggdgl ta frrdvj dg tbj Mdeojrijy dg iftj [jptjeojr, tbj^diofrf fg` Jukif dg Gavjeojr fg` dg tbj sautbwjst dg ed`-@jkjeojr. Dt ijfvjs dg iftj Fprdi. \bdij dt ds kaeeag dg tbj Mdeojrijy, dt ds ugkaeeag gjfr tbj gartbwjst, wjstfg` sautbjfst kafsts fg` rfrj ar skfrj jisjwbjrj.

Jkaialy8 Pbj Carm-tfdij` [wdct àjs gat orjj` dg Fustrfidf. Dt ds fieast jxkiusdvjiyfjrdfi, ciydgl crae ijss tbfg 6 e ta ft ijfst ;>> e foavj lraug` fg` praofoiy eukb

bdlbjr. Pbjy praofoiy raast fjrdfiiy, out frj akkfsdagfiiy aosjrvj` ta ifg` (Bdlldgs6444). Pbj spjkdjs caa` dtjes wdtbdg Fustrfidf frj gat wjii mgawg, bawjvjr, tbjspjkdjs ds mgawg ta oj dgsjktdvaraus. [tu`djs bfvj rjkar`j` tbj [wdct jftdgl sefiiojjs, wfsps, tjredtjs fg` eatbs.

Idmjidbaa` ac akkurrjgkj8 Ldvjg tbj jkaialy ac tbds spjkdjs, tbj swdct efy dgkiu`j tbjfrjf wdtbdg dts fjrdfi carfys fg` edlrftary pftb.

âtjgtdfi Depfkts8 Pbjrj frj ga sdlgdcdkfgt tbrjfts ta tbj Carm-tfdij` [wdct dg Fustrfidf.âtjgtdfi tbrjfts dgkiu`j bfodtft `jstruktdag fg` prj`ftdag oy cjrfi fgdefis (OdrìdcjDgtjrgftdagfi ?>>4). @uj ta tbj wd`j rfglj ac tbds spjkdjs, tbj kagsjrvftdag stftus dsugidmjiy ta oj fitjrj` oy tbj `dsturofgkj fssakdftj` wdtb tbj prapasj` edgdgl fktdvdty.

• Lrjft Jlrjt Fr`jf fiof ea`jstf

Cfediy8 Fr`jd`fj

Kagsjrvftdag [tftus8 Edlrftary [pjkdjs ug`jr tbj JÔK Fkt 6444

@dstrdoutdag8 Pbj Lrjft Jlrjt bfs ojjg rjkar`j` fkrass eukb ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf outfvad`s tbj `rdjst rjldags ac tbj wjstjrg fg` kjgtrfi `jsjrts (EkMdiidlfg ?>>:).

Jkaialy8 Pbj Lrjft Jlrjt, fisa mgawg fs tbj \bdtj Jlrjt ds kaeeag ta vjry kaeeagdg wjii-wftjrj` Mdeojrijy ciftifg`s fg` skfrkj ta ea`jrftjiy kaeeag jisjwbjrj.^rjcjrrj` bfodtft dgkiu`js sbfiiaw crjsbwftjrs fg` sbfiiaw sfitwftjrs, fg` rfrjiy `rypfsturjs.




:3

Idmjidbaa` ac akkurrjgkj8 Ldvjg tbj prjcjrrj` bfodtft ac tbds spjkdjs, dt ds gat idmjiy taakkur wdtbdg tbj survjy frjf.

âtjgtdfi Depfkts8 Pbj kagsjrvftdag stftus ac tbds spjkdjs ds gat idmjiy ta oj fitjrj` oytbj prapasj` edgdgl fktdvdty dg tbj survjy frjf.

• Kfttij Jlrjt Fr`jf dods

Cfediy8 Fr`jd`fj

Kagsjrvftdag [tftus8 Edlrftary [pjkdjs ug`jr tbj JÔK Fkt 6444

@dstrdoutdag8 Pbj Kfttij Jlrjt ds wd`jsprjf` fg` kaeeag fkkar`dgl ta edlrftdageavjejgts fg` orjj`dgl iakfidty survjys. Dt akkurs tbraulbaut \jstjrg Fustrfidfjxkjpt car tbj `rdjr dgtjrdar ac tbj [tftj.

Jkaialy8 Pbj Kfttij Jlrjt, d`jgtdcdj` oy dts sbartjr fg` tbdkmjr odii fg` gjkm tbfg atbjrJlrjts, dgbfodts sbart lrfss, jspjkdfiiy `fep pfsturjs, fg` wjtifg`s. Dt ds usufiiy sjjgdg tbj kaepfgy ac kfttij, fg` akkfsdagfiiy dg tbj kaepfgy ac atbjr idvjstakm (Habgstagjfg` [tarr 6442).

Idmjidbaa` ac akkurrjgkj8 Ldvjg tbj fosjgkj ac prjcjrrj` bfodtft fg` idvjstakm, tbjKfttij Jlrjt ds gat idmjiy ta akkur dg tbj survjy frjf.


• Cfika pjrjlrdgus ^jrjlrdgj Cfikag

Cfediy8 Cfikagd`fj

Kagsjrvftdag [tftus8 [kbjùij 08 Cfugf tbft ds dg gjj` ac spjkdfi pratjktdag ug`jr tbj\jstjrg Fustrfidfg \diìdcj Kagsjrvftdag Fkt 64:>

@dstrdoutdag8 Pbj ^jrjlrdgj Cfikag ds ugkaeeag out wd`jsprjf` dg `dstrdoutdag.Ea`jrftjiy kaeeag wdtbdg tbj bdlbjr fspjkts ac tbj [tdridgl _fgljs out tjg`s ta ojugkaeeag dg tbj bdiiy gartbwjst Mdeojrijy (Habgstagj fg` [tarr 6442).

Jkaialy8 Pbds spjkdjs dgbfodts kidcc cfkjs sukb fs tbasj fiagl tbj kafst, gjfr rdvjrs fg`

rfgljs. Pbj ^jrjlrdgj Cfikag kfg fisa oj sjjg fraug` waa`j` wftjrkaursjs fgìfmjs. Dt gjsts ag ij`ljs dg kidccs fs wjii fs lrfgdtj autkraps fg` qufrrdjs fg` fisaefmjs usj ac edgj pdts. Pbds Cfikag cjj`s fieast jgtdrjiy ag odr`s dgkiu`dgl sjf odr`sfg` saej pfrrat spjkdjs (Habgstagj fg` [tarr 6442).

Idmjidbaa` ac akkurrjgkj8 Pwa `ftj` sdlbtdgls ac tbds spjkdjs wjrj rjkar`j` dg 642>fg` ?>>6 wdtbdg 0> me ac tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf. \bdij dt ds gat ugrjfsagfoij car tbdsspjkdjs ta oj sjjg dg cidlbt dg tbds frjf, tbj prjcjrrj` bfodtft ac tbds Cfikag dg`dkftjstbft dt ds gat idmjiy ta utdidsj tbj bfodtft wdtbdg tbj frjf prapasj` car `dsturofgkj.





:<

• _fdgoaw Ojj-jftjr Ejraps argftus

Cfediy8 Ejrapd`fj

Kagsjrvftdag [tftus8 Edlrftary ug`jr JÔK Fkt 6444

@dstrdoutdag8 Pbj _fdgoaw Ojj-jftjr ds `dstrdoutj` fkrass eukb ac efdgifg` Fustrfidf,fg` ds f kaeeag sueejr edlrfgt ta sautbjrg Fustrfidf. Pbjy rfglj crae skfrkj takaeeag fkrass tbjdr rfglj `jpjg`dgl ag sudtfoij bfodtft fg` orjj`dgl lraug`s.

Jkaialy8 _fdgoaw Ojj-jftjrs frj vjry sakdfi odr`s fg` wbjg gat orjj`dgl raasttaljtbjr dg ifrlj lraups dg `jgsj ug`jrstarjy ar ifrlj trjjs. Pbjy ljgjrfiiy edlrftjsautb ft tbj ojldggdgl ac sprdgl fg` orjj` crae Gavjeojr ta Hfgufry. Pbjy rjqudrjapjg frjfs wdtb iafey sact sadis sact jgaulb car gjst tuggjidgl yjt cdre jgaulb tasuppart tbj tuggji.

Idmjidbaa` ac akkurrjgkj8 Pbj _fdgoaw Ojj-jftjr usufiiy edlrftjs sautb dg iftj[jptjeojr jfriy Aktaojr fg` gartb crae Cjorufry ta Fprdi (Habgstagj fg` [tarr 6442).

Dt ds tbjrjcarj gat ugrjfsagfoij tbft tbj Ojj-jftjr wfs gjdtbjr sjjg gar bjfr` ùrdgltbj survjy kagùktj` dg Efy. Bawjvjr, dt waui` gat oj ugjxpjktj` car tbj _fdgoawOjj-jftjr ta usj tbds frjf wdtbdg dts edlrftary pftb. Ldvjg tbj edlrftary pfttjrg ac tbjspjkdjs, dt ds idmjiy tbft f survjy kagùktj` ùrdgl tbj sprdgl eagtbs wdii rjkar` tbdsspjkdjs dg tbj frjf.

âtjgtdfi Depfkts8 Ldvjg tbj edlrftary stftus ac tbj _fdgoaw Ojj—jftjr fg` dts fodidty tatrfvji vfst `dstfgkjs, tbj kagsjrvftdag stftus ac tbds spjkdjs ds gat idmjiy ta oj fitjrjòy tbj prapasj` edgdgl fktdvdty dg tbj frjf.

• Fkfgtbdzf drj`fijd d rj`fijd [ijg`jr-odiij` Pbargodii

Cfediy8 Fkfgtbdzd`fj

Kagsjrvftdag [tftus8 Suigjrfoij ug`jr JÔK Fkt 6444

@dstrdoutdag8 Pbj [ijg`jr-odiij` Pbargodii ds spfrsjiy `dstrdoutj` dg `dshugkt papuiftdagsfkrass tbj sautbjrg frd` fg` sjed-frd` partdag ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf fg` wjstjrg [autb Fustrfidf.

Jkaialy8 Pbj prjcjrrj` bfodtft car tbds spjkdjs dgkiu`js kbjgapa` sbruoifg`s, trjjijssar spfrsjiy waa`j` ciftifg`s fg` sfidgj cifts fssakdftj` wdtb sfit ifmjs. Pbj Pbargodiicarfljs efdgiy ag tbj lraug` fg` dg iaw vjljtftdag, dgkrjfsdgl dts vuigjrfodidty ta

prj`ftdag oy kfts fg` caxjs.

Idmjidbaa` ac akkurrjgkj8 Ldvjg tbj fosjgkj ac prjcjrrj` bfodtft car tbds spjkdjs, dt dsgat idmjiy ta oj prjsjgt dg tbj frjf prapasj` car `dsturofgkj. Gagj wjrj d`jgtdcdj`ùrdgl tbj kaeprjbjgsdvj survjy.


• Arjadkf lutturfids lutturfids Krjstj` Ojiiodr` (sautbjrg)

Cfediy8 ^fkbykjpbfid fj

Kagsjrvftdag [tftus8 ^rdardty Caur ag @JK Pbrjftjgj` fg` ^rdardty Cfugf @ftfofsj




:2

@dstrdoutdag8 Lrjftjr pfrt ac tbj [tftj out gat tbj wjttjr rjldags (gartb fg` wjstMdeojrijy, @fridgl _fglj fg` `jjp [autb-\jst).

Jkaialy8 Pbds sj`jgtfry fg` saidtfry spjkdjs dgbfodts tbj `rdjr efiijj waaìfg`s fg`bjftbs ac tbj sautbjrg pfrts ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf. Dt carfljs efdgiy ag tbj lraug`,prdefrdiy car dgsjkts, fg` orjj`s crae Efrkb tbraulb ta @jkjeojr fkrass tbj [tftj.

Idmjidbaa` ac akkurrjgkj8 Pbj Krjstj` Ojiiodr` wfs sjjg fg` bjfr` ùrdgl tbj Ijvji ?survjy ft fii survjy sdtjs.

âtjgtdfi Depfkts8 Pbj Krjstj` Ojiiodr` (sautbjrg) ds idstj` fs f ^rdardty 0 spjkdjs agtbj @JK Pbrjftjgj` fg` ^rdardty Cfugf `ftfofsj car tbj Lai`cdji`s, Ed`wjst,\bjftojit fg` [autb Kafst. \bdij tbj [gfrm frjfs cfiis wdtbdg tbj Lai`cdji`s rjldag,tbj kagsjrvftdag kifssdcdkftdag rjcjrs prdgkdpfiiy ta frjfs wbjrj tbj prjcjrrj` bfodtft actbj Krjstj` Ojiiodr` bfs ojjg `dsturoj`, pfrtdkuifriy oy kijfrdgl ac gftdvj vjljtftdagfg` rjsuitfgt crflejgtftdag. Pbj frjf prapasj` ta oj depfktj` ds rjiftdvjiyug`dsturoj` fg` ifrlj trfkts ac ug`dsturoj` gftdvj vjljtftdag frj prjsjgt fg` wdii

rjefdg dgtfkt f`hfkjgt ta tbj edgdgl apjrftdags. Pbj ifrlj baej rfglj fg` eaodidty actbj Krjstj` Ojiiodr` stragliy sulljsts tbft dts kagsjrvftdag kifssdcdkftdag wdii gat ojkaepraedsj` oy tbj prapasj` edgdgl fktdvdtdjs ft [gfrm.

Pbj ^ratjktj` Efttjrs [jfrkb Paai car tbj JÔK Fkt 6444 fisa idsts tbj Laft Kfprf bdrkus,Kft Cjids kftus, _foodt Aryktaiflus kugdkuius fg` Cax Suipjs vuipjs fs dgvfsdvj spjkdjscar tbj frjf. \bdij ugkagcdrej` fgjkàtfi rjparts sulljst tbft kfts, àls fg` caxjs bfvjojjg sjjg dg tbj frjf, gagj wjrj sjjg fg` ga jvd`jgkj ac tbjdr prjsjgkj wfs d`jgtdcdj`ùrdgl tbj survjy. Gatwdtbstfg`dgl tbds, f pralrfe ta kagtrai cjrfi fgdefis efy ojkagsd`jrj` oy Efkfrtbur, pfrtdkuifriy wbjg edgdgl fktdvdtdjs frj ug`jrwfy fg` ft ijfst tbjKft fg` Cax efy oj fttrfktj` ta tbj (kfep) frjf oy buefg fktdvdty fg` wfstj.

3.? âtjgtdfi Depfkts

Pbj J^F aohjktdvj car tjrrjstrdfi cfugf ds ta efdgtfdg tbj foug`fgkj, spjkdjs `dvjrsdty fg`ljalrfpbdkfi `dstrdoutdag ac tjrrjstrdfi cfugf fg` pratjkt spjkdfiiy pratjktj` (Pbrjftjgj`)cfugf kagsdstjgt wdtb tbj pravdsdag ac tbj \KF 64:>.

Fs pfrt ac tbj `jvjiapejgt ac edgdgl apjrftdags car tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt, tbj kijfrdgl fg`rjeavfi ac fppraxdeftjiy 60> bf ac gftdvj vjljtftdag ds fgtdkdpftj`. Dt ds dgjvdtfoij tbfttbjrj wdii oj saej iakfidsj` iass ac cfugf ùj ta `drjkt eartfidty frdsdgl crae kijfrdgl ac tbjvjljtftdag fg` kagstruktdag fktdvdtdjs car tbj edgdgl apjrftdags. Bawjvjr, car tbasjvjrtjorftj tfxf tbft kfggat eavj fwfy crae fgy `dsturofgkjs, fg` dg rjiftdag ta patjgtdfi

depfkts depidj` dg [jktdag 3.6, dt ds ugidmjiy tbft tbj iass ac dg`dvdùfis fssakdftj` wdtb tbj`drjkt eartfidtdjs fg` kaepraedsj ac praxdefi bfodtft vfiujs waui` oj succdkdjgt ta fccjkt tbjavjrfii kagsjrvftdag stftus ac fgy ac tbj spjkdjs rjkar`j` crae tbj survjy frjf.

[dedifriy, tbj agladgl depfkts crae edgdgl fktdvdtdjs dgkiu`dgl vjbdkuifr eavjejgts, gadsjfg` fssakdftj` ùst ljgjrftdag fg` efkbdgjry gadsj frj gat idmjiy ta fitjr tbj kagsjrvftdagstftus ac fgy spjkdjs tbft efy pjrsdst dg f`hfkjgt frjfs. Fgy dgvfsdag fg` `dspjrsfi acwjj` spjkdjs efy kfusj `jtjrdarftdag ac tbj kag`dtdag ac tbj rjefdgdgl vjljtftdag fg` tbjdgvfsdag fg`/ar sprjf` ac gag-gftdvj efeefis pasj f tbrjft ta dg`dljgaus spjkdjs dg tjresac prj`ftdag fg` rjsaurkj idedtftdag.




:4

3.; Bfodtfts ac [dlgdcdkfgkj ta Cfugf Dg`dljgaus ta \jstjrg Fustrfidf

@jvjiapejgt ac edgdgl apjrftdags fg` fssakdftj` dgcrfstrukturj wdii rjsuit dg tbj iass acgftdvj vjljtftdag, rjeavfi ac cfugfi bfodtft, crflejgtftdag ac kurrjgtiy kagtdluaus bfodtftfg` iass ac frjfs car `dspjrsfi ac gftdvj cfugf.

Pbj avjrfii kag`dtdag ac tbj vjljtftdag wdtbdg tbj survjy frjf kfg ljgjrfiiy oj `jskrdoj` fs‒Jxkjiijgt— wdtb east `dsturofgkjs wdtbdg tbj frjf rjiftj` `drjktiy ta rjkjgt jxpiarftdagfktdvdty fg` fssakdftj` trfkms.

Gagj ac tbj vjljtftdag lraups d`jgtdcdj` bfvj ojjg rjkalgdsj` fs PJK—s fs `jcdgj` dg tbjJÔK Fkt 6444, gar frj fgy rjkalgdsj` fs PJKs jgàrsj` oy tbj \jstjrg FustrfidfgEdgdstjr ac Jgvdragejgt. Agiy agj ^JK, tbj ’Ifmj Ldijs vjljtftdag kaepijxjs (ofg`j`dragstagj careftdags)― iakftj` wdtbdg tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt Frjf ds idstj` ag tbj @JK`ftfofsj. F sjkag` ^JK, tbj ’Ofg`j` Dragstagj Bdiis wdtb Ofgmsdf froarjf― ^rdardty 6 ^JKfisa bfs tbj patjgtdfi ta akkur dg ar fraug` tbj survjy frjf. Bawjvjr, tbj iakftdags (fg`depidkftdags) ac tbjsj ^JKs kfggat oj kagcdrej` fs tbjrj ds idedtj` dgcareftdag ag tbjsjkaeeugdtdjs fvfdifoij crae tbj @JK (Efttdsmj ?>66). Ga @_C wjrj d`jgtdcdj` dg tbj survjy

frjf fg` agiy twa ^rdardty 0 spjkdjs wjrj rjkar`j`. Pbj vjljtftdag kaeeugdtdjs frjljgjrfiiy `jskrdoj` fs sbruoifg` fg` waaìfg` fg` frj jxtjgsdvj iakfiiy. Kawfg (?>>6)rjparts tbft east spjkdjs wdtbdg ft ijfst tbj Jfst Eurkbdsag odarjldag frj wd`j rfgldgl fgùsufiiy akkur dg ft ijfst agj, fg` actjg sjvjrfi, f`hadgdgl suorjldags. Pbus, tbjrj fppjfrta oj ga ugdquj, rjstrdktj` ar cfugf-spjkdcdk bfodtft typjs wdtbdg tbj [gfrm ar iakfi frjf.

Pbus, wbdij tbj rjeavfi ac up ta 60> bf ac tbds gftdvj vjljtftdag dg avjrfii ‒Jxkjiijgt—kag`dtdag wdii depfkt ag dg`dljgaus cfugf, tbj vjljtftdag kfggat oj kagsd`jrj` ta ojsdlgdcdkfgt bfodtft dg f rjldagfi kagtjxt.

F``dtdagfiiy, fs `dskussj` jisjwbjrj dg tbds rjpart, cfugf ac kagsjrvftdag sdlgdcdkfgkj tbftefy usj tbds bfodtft frj ugidmjiy ta oj kaepraedsj` oy tbj rjeavfi ac tbj vjljtftdag car tbjprapasj` edgdgl fktdvdtdjs.

Dt ds fisa rjkalgdsj` tbft wdtbdg f rjldagfi kagtjxt, tbj Eaugt Efggdgl Gfturj _jsjrvj(~642,>>> bf) fg`, car jxfepij, tbj Bjijgf-Furarf Kagsjrvftdag ^frm (~4?,>>> bf) (Cdlurj?) frj efgflj` oy @JK fg`, fs sukb, pravd`j sdedifr bfodtft car iakfi cfugf dg sjkurjtjgurj.




3>

3.0 _jkaeejg`ftdags

Pbj caiiawdgl ljgjrfi rjkaeejg`ftdags fppiy dg tbj kfsj ac fgy efhar `dsturofgkj ta ifrljfrjfs ac gftdvj vjljtftdag, fs f kagsjqujgkj ac tbj prapasj` `jvjiapejgt car tbj [gfrm^rahjkt8

• Fgy kijfrdgl oj edgdedsj` dg jxtjgt ldvjg tbft tbj foug`fgkj fg` `dvjrsdty acspjkdjs iast wdii oj prapartdagfi ta tbj feaugt ac bfodtft kijfrj`=

• \bjrj passdoij, fii dgcrfstrukturj fssakdftj` wdtb tbj `jvjiapejgt ac tbj edgdglapjrftdag oj fidlgj` prjcjrjgtdfiiy ta frjfs ac jxdstdgl dsturofgkj=

• \bjrj passdoij, fkkjss rautjs oj fidlgj` ta jxdstdgl trfkms fg` atbjr ofrrdjrs arcaiiaw tbj oaug`frdjs ac oraf`-skfij dgtfkt gftdvj vjljtftdag=

• F rjbfodidtftdag pifg ds `jvjiapj` tbft pralrjssdvjiy rjbfodidtftjs frjfs fs saag fstbjy frj ga iagljr rjqudrj`=

• Fii ejeojrs ac tbj warm carkj ag sdtj fttjg` fg jgvdragejgtfi dgùktdag ta jgsurjtbjy frj cfedidfr wdtb tbj vfiuj ac gftdvj vjljtftdag ta cfugf dg`dljgaus ta \jstjrg Fustrfidf. Pbds sbaui` dgkiu`j fwfrjgjss ac `rdvdgl rjstrdktdags, jgsurdgl tbft acc-

raf` `rdvdgl ds edgdedsj`, cdrj prjvjgtdag ds fktdvjiy prfktdsj`, fg` fppraprdftjrjspagsjs frj caiiawj` dg tbj jvjgt ac fg fkkd`jgt dgvaivdgl cfugf8 fg`

• F kaeprjbjgsdvj Ijvji ? cfugf survjy oj kagùktj` dg sprdgl ta sftdscy J^Frjqudrjejgts.

Dg f``dtdag, spjkdcdk rjkaeejg`ftdags frj ef`j dg rjiftdag ta tbj Efiijjcawi8

• F tfrljtj` Efiijjcawi survjy sbaui` oj ug`jrtfmjg oy f sudtfoiy qufidcdj` tjfe ta`jtjredgj tbj fktufi gueojr fg` stftus ac eaug`s wdtbdg tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjfdgkiu`dgl f 6>>e ouccjr frjf.

• Caiiawdgl tbds survjy fg` ldvjg tbj jvd`jgkj ac Efiijjcawi wdtbdg tbj zagj acdepfkt, f rjcjrrfi sbaui` oj suoedttj` ta tbj Cj`jrfi @jpfrtejgt ac [ustfdgfodidty,Jgvdragejgt, \ftjr, âpuiftdag fg` Kaeeugdtdjs (@[J\^FK) car fppravfi dg

fkkar`fgkj wdtb tbj JÔK Fkt 6444.• ^jg`dgl tbj rjsuits ac tbj tfrljtj` Efiijjcawi survjy fg` autkaej ac tbj

@[J\^FK rjcjrrfi, f Efiijjcawi Efgfljejgt îfg oj `jvjiapj` fg`depijejgtj`.




36

<.> _JCJ_JGKJ[

Frestragl, M. fg` Magdsbd, T. (?>66). Oft kfii d`jgtdcdkftdag crae gjfr Ejgzdjs, \F.Zgpuoidsbj` _jpart, Hugj ?>66. [pjkdfidsj` Xaaialdkfi, [autb Fustrfidf.

Ojfr`, H.[. (644>). îfgt idcj ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf. Mfglfraa ^rjss, G[\.

Odatf (?>66). @jkjptdag @jpasdt Sjrtjorftj Cfugf [urvjy. Zgpuoidsbj` _jpart. OdatfJgvdragejgtfi [kdjgkjs, Efrkb ?>66.

Odr`s Fustrfidf (?>66). Fvfdifoij agidgj ftbttp8//www.odr`sfustrfidf.kae.fu/aur-prahjkts/ftifs-odr`ftf.btei,

OdrÌdcj Dgtjrgftdagfi (?>>4). Fpus pfkdcdkus Dg8 DZKG ?>>4. DZKG _j` Idst ac Pbrjftjgj`

[pjkdjs. Sjrsdag ?>>4.?. Fpus pfkdcdkus. DZKG _j` Idst.

Ourod`lj, F.F., Cuiijr, ^.H. fg` EkMjgzdj, G.I. (644:). Sjrtjorftj Cfugf. Dg8 PbjOdaialdkfi [urvjy ac tbj Jfstjrg Lai`cdji`s ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf. ^frt 6?. Ofrijj-Ejgzdjs [tu`y Frjf. J`s. F.F. Ourod`lj, G.H. Bfii, L.H. Mjdlbjry fg` G.I. Ekmjgzdj._jkar`s ac tbj \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue [uppijejgt Gueojr 04.

Ourjfu ac Ejtjaraialy (?>66). Kideftdk Fvjrfljs \jopflj. Fvfdifoij agidgj ft8bttp8//www.oae.lav.fu/kideftj/fvjrfljs/tfoijs/kwQ>6?>:?.sbtei bttp8//www.oae.lav.fu/kideftj/`wa/D@KH@\3><:.iftjst.sbtei

Kbfpefg, F. fg` ^ragm, L. (644<). ^frt ; Sjrtjorftj Cfugf Dg8 Iyags, E.G. & Kbfpefg, F. (j`s.) (644<). F Odaialdkfi [urvjy ac tbj Bjijgf fg` Furarf _fglj, Jfstjrg

Lai`cdji`s \jstjrg Fustrfidf. Zgpuoidsbj` _jpart car Jgvdragejgt Fustrfidf, Kfgojrrf

Kbrdstd`ds, I fg` Oaijs, \.J. (?>>2). [ystjeftdks fg` Pfxagaey ac FustrfidfgOdr`s.K[D_A uoidsbdgl, Sdktardf.

Kawfg, E. (?>>6). Eurkbdsag 6 (Eur6 ‛ Jfst Eurkbdsag suorjldag). Dg= F Oda`dvjrsdty Fu`dt ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf. J`s EkMjgzdj, G.I., Efy, H.J. fg` EkMjggf, [.@jpfrtejgt ac Kagsjrvftdag fg` Ifg` Efgfljejgt, ^jrtb.

Kawfg, E., Lrfbfe, L. fg` EkMjgzdj, G. (?>>6). Kaailfr`dj ? (KAA? ‛ [autbjrg Krasssuorjldag). Dg= Pbj Oda`dvjrsdty Fu`dt ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf. J`s EkMjgzdj, G.I., Efy,H.J. fg` EkMjggf, [. @jpfrtejgt ac Kagsjrvftdag fg` Ifg` Efgfljejgt, ^jrtb.

@jpfrtejgt ac tbj Jgvdragejgt, \ftjr, Bjrdtflj fg` tbj Frts (?>>4). Fvfdifoij agidgj ft8bttp8//www.jgvdragejgt.lav.fu/pfrms/grs/skdjgkj/odarjldag-crfejwarm/dorf/dg`jx.btei

@aulbty, ^. fg` Efryfg, O. (?>6>). Kbjkmidst ac tbj Efeefis ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf.Zgpuoidsbj` idst fvfdifoij crae \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue.

Jgvdragejgtfi ^ratjktdag Futbardty (?>>?). Pjrrjstrdfi Odaialdkfi [urvjys fs fg Jijejgt acOda`dvjrsdty ^ratjktdag8 âsdtdags [tftjejgt Ga. ;. Jgvdragejgtfi ^ratjktdag Futbardty,^jrtb, \F.

Jgvdragejgtfi ^ratjktdag Futbardty (?>>0). Lud`fgkj car tbj Fssjssejgt ac Jgvdragejgtfi

Cfktars. Pjrrjstrdfi Cfugf [urvjys car Jgvdragejgtfi Depfkt Fssjssejgt dg \jstjrg Fustrfidf Ga. :3. Jgvdragejgtfi ratjktdag Futbardty, jrtb, \F.

http://www.birdsaustralia.com.au/our-projects/atlas-birdata.html

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_012052.shtml

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/IDCJDW6075.latest.shtml

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/IDCJDW6075.latest.shtml

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_012052.shtml

http://www.birdsaustralia.com.au/our-projects/atlas-birdata.html




3?

J^F (?>><). F`vdkj ag frjfs ac tbj bdlbjst kagsjrvftdag vfiuj dg tbj prapasj` jxtjgsdagsta Eaugt Efggdgl Gfturj _jsjrvj. Ouiijtdg 6?:3, ^jrtb, \F

Jgvdragejgtfi ^ratjktdag Futbardty fg` @jpfrtejgt ac Jgvdragejgt fg` Kagsjrvftdag(?>6>) Pjkbgdkfi Lud`j - Pjrrjstrdfi Sjrtjorftj Cfugf [urvjys car JgvdragejgtfiDepfkt Fssjssejgt (j`s O.E. By`jr, H. @jii fg` E.F Kawfg). ^jrtb, \jstjrg Fustrfidf.

Lfr`jg, H.L., EkFipdgj, K.F. fg` âssdglbfe, B.^. (?>><). Zsdgl euitdpij survjyejtba`s ta `jtjkt tjrrjstrdfi rjptdijs fg` efeefis8 wbft frj tbj east sukkjsscui fg`kast-jccdkdjgt kaeodgftdags1 \diìdcj _jsjfrkb ;08 ?62-??<.

Baw, _.F., Kaapjr, G.M. fg` Ofggdstjr, H.I. (?>>2). Kbjkmidst ac tbj Efeefis ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf. Zgpuoidsbj` idst fvfdifoij crae \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue.

Habgstagj, _.J fg` [tarr, L.E (6442). Bfgòaam ac \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Odr`s, Saiuej 6,Gag-pfssjrdgjs (Jeu ta @aiifrodr`). \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue, jrtb.

Mjdlbjry, O.H. (6440). Ousbifg` îfgt [urvjy= F lud`j ta pifgt kaeeugdty survjy car tbj

Kaeeugdty. \di`ciawjr [akdjty ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf (Dgk.) Gjìfg`s.

Efkj, L.E. fg` [tufrt. [.G. (6440) @rfct DZKG _j` Idst Kftjlardjs, Sjrsdag ?.?. [pjkdjs ?6-??86;-?0.

Efttdsmj (?>66). Ciarf fg` Sjljtftdag Efppdgl ac tbj [gfrm @jpasdt fg` Gjw Kfepsdtj,Ifmj Ldijs [urvjy Frjf. Zgpuoidsbj` _jpart, Huiy ?>66. Efttdsmj Kagsuitdgl ^ty, It`,^jrtb.

EkMdiidlfg, G. (?>>:). Bjrags, Jlrjts fg` Odttjrgs. Pbjdr Odaialy fg` Kagsjrvftdag dg Fustrfidf. K[D_A ûoidsbdgl, Sdktardf.

Ejgmbarst, ^. fg` Mgdlbt, C. (?>>0). F Cdji` Lud`j ta tbj Efeefis ac Fustrfidf.Axcar`Zgdvjrsdty rjss, Sdktardf.

Gdgax (?>>4). F Cfugf [urvjy ac tbj Kfrdgf ^raspjkt ‛ Tdilfrg Drag Arj ^rahjkt.Zgpuoidsbj` rjpart car âifrds Ejtfis, Huiy ?>>4. Gdgax \diìdcj Kagsuitdgl, ^jrtb.

Autofkm Jkaialy (?>6>). Ifmj Ldijs Pjrrjstrdfi Cfugf (dgkiu`dgl [bart _fglj Jg`jedks)@jsmtap [tu`y. Zgpuoidsbj` rjpart car Efkfrtbur Edgjrfis Idedtj`, Gavjeojr ?>6>.Autofkm Jkaialy, Haideagt, \F.

Pyijr, E.H. fg` @aulbty, ^. (?>>4). Cdji` Lud`j ta Crals ac \jstjrg Fustrfidf. \jstjrg Fustrfidfg Eusjue, \jisbpaai, \F.

Sfg @ykm, [. fg` [trfbfg, _. (?>>2). Pbj Efeefis ac Fustrfidf. Pbdr` J`dtdag. _jj` GjwBaiifg`, [y`gjy, Fustrfidf.




3;

F^^JG@DR F

Sjljtftdag Kaeeugdtdjs d`jgtdc dj` ùrdgl Ciarf [urvjy(Efttdsmj ?>66)




30




3:




33

F^^JG@DR OMjdlbjry, O.H. (6440) Sjljtftdag Kag`dtdag [kfijs




3<

^rdstdgj (6). ^rdstdgj ar gjfriy sa, ga aovdaus sdlgs ac `dsturofgkj.

Jxkjiijgt (?). Sjljtftdag strukturj dgtfkt, `dsturofgkj fccjktdgl dg`dvdùfi spjkdjs fg`wjj`s frj gag-fllrjssdvj spjkdjs.

Sjry Laa` (;). Sjljtftdag strukturj fitjrj`, aovdaus sdlgs ac `dsturofgkj.Car jxfepij, `dsturofgkj ta vjljtftdag strukturj kfusj` oy rjpjftdgl cdrjs, tbj prjsjgkj acsaej earj fllrjssdvj wjj`s, `djofkm, ialldgl fg` lrfzdgl.

Laa` (0). Sjljtftdag strukturj sdlgdcdkfgtiy fitjrj` oy vjry aovdaus sdlgs ac euitdpij`dsturofgkj._jtfdgs ofsdk vjljtftdag strukturj ar fodidty ta rjljgjrftj dt.Car jxfepij, `dsturofgkj ta vjljtftdag strukturj kfusj` oy crjqujgt cdrjs, tbj prjsjgkj acsaej vjry fllrjssdvj wjj`s ft bdlb `jgsdty, pfrtdfi kijfrdgl, `djofkm fg` lrfzdgl.

@jlrf`j` (:). Ofsdk vjljtftdag strukturj sjvjrjiy depfktj` oy `dsturofgkj.[kapj car rjljgjrftdag out gat ta f stftj fpprafkbdgl laa` kag`dtdag wdtbaut dgtjgsdvj

efgfljejgt.Car jxfepij, `dsturofgkj ta vjljtftdag strukturj kfusj` oy vjry crjqujgt cdrjs, tbjprjsjgkj ac vjry fllrjssdvj wjj`s, pfrtdfi kijfrdgl, djofkm fg` lrfzdgl.

Kaepijtjiy @jlrf`j` (3). Pbj strukturj ac tbj vjljtftdag ds ga iagljr dgtfkt fg` tbj frjfds kaepijtjiy ar fieast kaepijtjiy wdtbaut gftdvj spjkdjs.Pbjsj frjfs frj actjg `jskrdoj` fs ‒pfrmifg` kijfrj`— wdtb tbj ciarf kaepraedsdgl wjj` arkrap spjkdjs wdtb dsaiftj` trjjs ar sbruos.




32

F^^JG@DR KKftjlardjs usj` dg tbj fssjssejgt ac kagsjrvftdag stftus




34

DZKG kftjlardjs (ofsj` ag rjvdjw oy Efkj fg` [tufrt 6440) fs usj` car tbjJgvdragejgtfi ^ratjktdag fg` Oda`dvjrsdty Kagsjrvftdag (JÔK) Fkt 6444 fg` tbj\F \diìdcj Kagsjrvftdag Fkt 64:>.

Jxtdgkt. Pfxf gat `jcdgdtjiy iakftj` dg tbj wdi` ùrdgl tbj pfst :> yjfrs.

Jxtdgkt dg tbj \di`. Pfxf mgawg ta survdvj agiy dg kfptdvdty.

Krdtdkfiiy Jg`fgljrj`. Pfxf cfkdgl fg jxtrjejiy bdlb rdsm ac jxtdgktdag dg tbj wdi` dg tbj

deej`dftj cuturj.

Jg`fgljrj`. Pfxf cfkdgl f vjry bdlb rdsm ac jxtdgktdag dg tbj wdi` dg tbj gjfr cuturj.

Suigjrfoij. Pfxf cfkdgl f bdlb rdsm ac jxtdgktdag dg tbj wdi` dg tbj ej`due-tjre cuturj.

Gjfr Pbrjftjgj`. Pfxf tbft rdsm ojkaedgl Suigjrfoij dg tbj wdi`.

Kagsjrvftdag @jpjg`jgt. Pfxf wbasj survdvfi `jpjg`s upag agladgl kagsjrvftdag

ejfsurjs. \dtbaut tbjsj ejfsurjs, f kagsjrvftdag `jpjg`jgt tfxag waui` oj kifssj` fs

Suigjrfoij ar earj sjvjrjiy tbrjftjgj`.

@ftf @jcdkdjgt (Dgsuccdkdjgtiy mgawg). Pfxf suspjktj` ac ojdgl _frj, Suigjrfoij ar

Jg`fgljrj , out wbasj truj stftus kfggat oj `jtjredgj` wdtbaut earj dgcareftdag.

Ijfst Kagkjrg. Pfxf tbft frj gat Pbrjftjgj`.

[kbjùijs usj` dg tbj \F \diìdcj Kagsjrvftdag Fkt 64:>.

[kbjùij 6. _frj fg` Idmjiy ta ojkaej Jxtdgkt.

[kbjùij ?. Jxtdgkt.

[kbjùij ;. Edlrftary spjkdjs idstj` ug`jr dgtjrgftdagfi trjftdjs.

[kbjùij 0. Atbjr [pjkdfiiy ratjktj` Cfugf.

@jpfrtejgt ac Jgvdragejgt fg` Kagsjrvftdag ^rdard ty [pjkdjs

(spjkdjs gat idstj` ug`jr tbj Kagsjrvftdag Fkt, out car wbdkb tbjrj ds saej kagkjrg)

^rdardty 6. Pfxf wdtb cjw, paariy mgawg papuiftdag ag tbrjftjgj` ifg`s.

^rdardty ?. Pfxf wdtb cjw, paariy mgawg papuiftdags ag tbrjftjgj` ifg`s, ar tfxf wdtb

sjvjrfi, paariy mgawg papuiftdags gat ag kagsjrvftdag ifg`s.^rdardty ;. Pfxf wdtb sjvjrfi, paariy mgawg papuiftdags, saej ag kagsjrvftdag ifg`s.

^rdardty 0. Pfxf dg gjj` ac eagdtardgl. Pfxf wbdkb frj kagsd`jrj` ta bfvj ojjg

f`jquftjiy survjyj`, ar car wbdkb succdkdjgt mgawij`lj ds fvfdifoij, fg` wbdkb frj

kagsd`jrj` gat kurrjgtiy tbrjftjgj` ar dg gjj` ac spjkdfi pratjktdag, out kaui` oj dc prjsjgt

kdrkuestfgkjs kbfglj.

^rdardty :. Pfxf dg gjj` ac eagdtardgl. Pfxf wbdkb frj gat kagsd`jrj` tbrjftjgj` out frj

suohjkt ta f spjkdcdk kagsjrvftdag pralrfe, tbj kjssftdag ac wbdkb waui` rjsuit dg tbj

spjkdjs ojkaedgl tbrjftjgj` wdtbdg cdvj yjfrs (DZKG Kagsjrvftdag @jpjg`jgt).




<>

HFEOF Pbj flrjjejgt ojtwjjg tbj Lavjrgejgt ac Fustrfidf fg` tbj Lavjrgejgt ac

Hfpfg car tbj ^ratjktdag ac Edlrftary Odr`s dg @fgljr ac Jxtdgktdag fg` tbjdr Jgvdragejgt.

Fustrfidfg Prjfty [jrdjs 6426 Ga 3.

KFEOF Pbj flrjjejgt ojtwjjg tbj Lavjrgejgt ac Fustrfidf fg` tbj Lavjrgejgt ac tbj

^japij's _jpuoidk ac Kbdgf car tbj ^ratjktdag ac Edlrftary Odr`s fg` tbjdr Jgvdragejgt.

Fustrfidfg Prjfty [jrdjs 6422 Ga ??.

_AMFEOF Pbj flrjjejgt ojtwjjg tbj Lavjrgejgt ac Fustrfidf fg` tbj Lavjrgejgt ac

tbj _jpuoidk ac Marjf ag tbj ^ratjktdag ac Edlrftary Odr`s fg` tbjdr Jgvdragejgt.

Fustrfidfg Prjfty [jrdjs ?>>< FP[ ?0.




<6

F^^JG@DR @[pjkdjs idmjiy ta akkur dg tbj frjf fg` spjkdjs d`jgtdc dj` dg tbj frjf




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MIFrjkaggfdssfgkj

survjy ?>66

Futueg [urvjy ?>66

[ystjeftdk[fepidgl

Appartugdstdksdlbtdgls fg`

jvd`jgkj [patidlbtdgl

FE^BDODFG[

IDEGA@TGF[PD@FJ

Bjijdaparus fioapugktftus \jstjrg [pattj` Cral - - - - - - - -

Gjaoftrfkbus sp. - - - - - - - -

Gjaoftrfkbus mugfpfifrd Mugfpfifrd Cral - - - - - - - -

Gjaoftrfkbus sutar [bajefmjr Cral - - - - - - - -

Gjaoftrfkbus wdisearjd îagmdgl Cral

ETAOFP_FKBD@FJ

^sjuàpbrygj akkd`jgtfids \jstjrg Pafìjt - - + - - - + -

_J^PDIJ[

FLFED@FJ

Kfdefgaps fepbdoaiurad`js - - + - - + - -

Ktjgapbarus krdstftus Odkykij @rflag - - + - - - - -

Ktjgapbarus car`d Efiijj [fg` @rflag - - + - - - - -

Ktjgapbarus dsaijpds Krjstj` @rflag - - + - - - - -

Ktjgapbarus dsaijpds suosp. luifrds Kjgtrfi Edidtfry @rflag - - - - - - - -

Ktjgapbarus argftus Argftj Kjrvdkj @rflag - - + - - - - -

Ktjgapbarus rjtdkuiftus\jstjrg Gjttj`@rflag - - + - - + - -

Ktjgapbarus sfidgfrue [fit ^fdg @rflag - - - - - - - -

Ktjgapbarus skutuiftus - - + - - + - -

Eaiakb barrdùs Pbargy @jvdi - - + - - - - -

âlagf edgar - - - - - + - -

âlagf edgar suosp. edgar - - + - - - - -

Pyepfgakryptds kjpbfius ^jooij @rflag - - - - - - - -

@DÎA@FKPTID@FJ

Krjgf`fktyius akjiiftus suosp. akjiiftus Kifwijss Ljkma - - - - - - - -

@dpia`fktyius lrfgfrdjgsds - - - - - - - -

@dpia`fktyius lrfgfrdjgsds suosp. lrfgfrdjgsds - - + - - - - -

@dpia`fktyius puikbjr - - + - - + - -

Iukfsdue efdgd - - - - - - - -

Iukfsdue stjga`fktyiue - - + - - + - -

Ajùrf rjtdkuiftf - - + - - - - -

_bygkbajùrf argftf Ojfmj` Ljkma - - + - - - - -




<;

JÔK[jfrkb

@JK`ftf

sjfrkb

\FE`ftf

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Odr`s Fustrfidf

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survjy ?>66

Futueg [urvjy ?>66

[ystjeftdk[fepidgl



[trapburus fssdedidsLai`cdji`s [pdgy-tfdij`Ljkma - - + - - - - -

[trapburus ji`jrd - - + - - - - -

[trapburus dgtjrej`dus - - - - - - - -

KF_^BA@FKPTID@FJ

Gjpbrurus edidd Ofrmdgl Ljkma - - + - - - - -

Gjpbrurus vjrtjorfids - - - - - - - -

LJMMAGD@FJ

Ljbyrf purpurfskjgs - - + - - - - -

Ljbyrf vfrdjlftf - - + - - - - -

Bjtjragatdf odgajd Oygaj's Ljkma - - + - - - - -

^TLAÂ@D@FJ

@jief fustrfids - - - - - - - -

@jief outijrd - - + - - - - -

Idfids ourtagds - - + - - - - -

^ylapus ijpdàpaùsKaeeag [kfiy Caat

- - - - - - - -

^ylapus gdlrdkjps - - - - - - - -

[KDGKD@FJ

Kryptaoijpbfrus oukbfgfgdd - - + - - - - -

Kryptaoijpbfrus pifldakjpbfius - - + - - + - -

Ktjgatus ftifs - - + - - - - -

Ktjgatus lrfg`ds - - - - - + - -

Ktjgatus ijagbfr`dd - - + - - + - -

Ktjgatus edejtjs - - - - - + - -

Ktjgatus skbaeourlmdd - - + - - + - -

Ktjgatus uojr - - - - - - - -

Ktjgatus uojr supsp. uojr - - + - - - - -

Ktjgatus xjgapijurf - - + - - - - -

Kykiaàearpbus orfgkbdfids - - - - - - - -

Kykiaàearpbus ejifgaps suosp. jiaglftus - - + - - - - -

Jljrgdf jprjssf^yley [pdgy-tfdij`[mdgm - - - - - - - -

Jljrgdf careasf - - + - - - - -




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JÔK[jfrkb

@JK`ftf

sjfrkb

\FE`ftf

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`ftfsjfrkb

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Futueg [urvjy ?>66

[ystjeftdk[fepidgl



Jrjedfskdgkus rdkbfr`sagddOraf`-ofg`j` [fg`[wdeejr - - + - - - - -

Bjedjrlds dgdtdfids suosp. dgdtdfids - - + - - - - -

Bjedjrlds ediijwfj - - - - - - - -

Ijrdstf mdgld - - + - - - - -

Ijrdstf efkrapdstbapus - - - - - - - -

Ijrdstf efkrapdstbapus suosp. efkrapdstbapus - - + - - - - -

Ijrdstf eujiijrd - - - - - - - -

Ijrdstf tded`f - - - - - - - -

Idapbaids dgargftf - - - - - - - -

Ejgjtdf lrjydd - - + - - + - -

Earjtbdf outijrd - - + - - - - -

Earjtbdf aoskurf - - + - - - - -

SF_FGD@FJ

Sfrfgus kfuàidgjftus - - - - - - - -

Sfrfgus ldlfgtjus ^jrjgtdj - - - - - - - -

Sfrfgus laui`ddOuglfrrf ar [fgÈagdtar - - - - - - - -

Sfrfgus pfgaptjs suosp. pfgaptjs - - - - - - - -

Sfrfgus trdstds suosp. trdstds _fkjbarsj Eagdtar - - + - - - - -

PT^BIA^D@FJ

_fepbatypbiaps fustrfids - - - - - - - -

_fepbatypbiaps odkaiar - - - - - - - -

_fepbatypbiaps odtuojrkuiftus - - - - - - - -

_fepbatypbiaps bfeftus - - - - - - - -

OAD@FJ

Fgtfrjsdf stdesagd [tdesag's ytbag - - - - - - - -

JIF^D@FJ

Orfkbyurapbds sjedcfskdftus - - - - - - - -

@jefgsdf psfeeapbds Tjiiaw-cfkj`\bdpsgfmj - - - - - - - -

@jefgsdf psfeeapbds suosp. rjtdkuiftf - - - - - - - -

@jefgsdf psfeeapbds suosp. psfeeapbds - - + - - - - -

Gjjifps odefkuiftus Oifkm Gfpj` [gfmj - - - - - - - -




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JÔK[jfrkb

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Futueg [urvjy ?>66

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^frfsutf laui`dd - - - - - - - -

^frsutf eagfkbus - - - - - - - -

^frapiakjpbfius ftrdkjps Ifmj Kragdg [gfmj - - - - - - - -

^sjuàgfhf ea`jstf _dglj` Orawg [gfmj - - - - - - - -

^sjuàgfhf gukbfidsLwfr`fr= GartbjrgOrawg [gfmj - - - - - - - -

[deasjifps ojrtbai`d Hfg's Ofg`j` [gfmj - - + - - - - -

[utf cfskdftf _asjg's [gfmj - - - - - - - -

EFEEFI[

PFKBTLIA[[D@FJ

Pfkbyliassus fkuijftus Jkbd`gf - - - - - - - -

@F[TZ_D@FJ

@fsyurus ljaccradd\jstjrg Vuaii,Kbu`dtkb - - - - - - - -

Gdglfud rd`jd \aglfd Gdglfud - - + - - - - -

Gdglfud yvaggjfj [autbjrg Gdglfud - - + - - - - -

^sju`fgtjkbdgus efkàggjiijgsdsCft-tfdij`^sju`fgtjkbdgus - - - - - + - -

[edgtbapsds krfssdkfu`ftf Cft-tfdij` @uggfrt - - + - - - - -

[edgtbapsds aidkburfIdttij iagl-tfdij`@uggfrt - - + - - + - -

[edgtbapsds bdrtdpjs Bfdry-caatj` @uggfrt - - + - - - - -

[edgtbapsds iagldkfu`ftf Iagl-tfdij` @uggfrt - - - - - - - -

[edgtbapsds efkraurf [trdpj-cfkj` @uggfrt - - - - - - - -

EFK_AÂ@D@FJ

Efkrapus cuidldgasus\jstjrg LrjyMfglfraa - - - - - - - -

Efkrapus raoustus jruojskjgs Jura - - + - + - - -

Efkrapus rucus _j` Mfglfraa - - - - - - - -

^BFIFGLJ_D@FJ

Prdkbasurus vuipjkuif - - - - - - - -

OZ__FETD@FJ

Kjrkfrtjtus kagkdggus\jstjrg yley-passue - - - - - - - -




<3

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Futueg [urvjy ?>66

[ystjeftdk[fepidgl



KBD_A^PJ_F - - - - - - - +

SJ[^J_PDIDAGD@FJ

Kbfidgaiaous laui`dd Laui`'s \fttij Oft - - + - - + - -

Kbfidgaiaous earda Kbakaiftj \fttij` Oft - - - - - + - -

Gyktapbdius ljaccrayd Ijssjr Iagl-jfrj` Oft - - + - - - - -

Gyktapbdius tdeardjgsds suosp. tdeardjgsdsLrjftjr Iagl-jfrjÒft - - + - - - - -

Gyktapbdius sp. - - - - - + - -

Sjspf`jius ofvjrstakmd Dgifg` Carjst Oft - - + - - + - -

Sjspf`jius rjluius [autbjrg Carjst Oft - - + - - - - -

[katarjpjgs ofistagdDgifg` Oraf`-gasjÒft - - - - - - - -

EAIA[[D@FJ

Eareaptjrus pifgdkjps [autbjrg Crjjtfdi-oft - - + - - - - -

Eareaptjrus sp. ; - - - - - + - -

Eareaptjrus sp. 0 - - - - - - - -

Pf`frd`f fustrfids\bdtj-strdpj`Crjjtfdij`-oft - - + - - + - -

EZ_D@FJ

Ijpardiius fpdkfids Ijssjr [tdkm-gjst _ft - - - - - - - -

Eus euskuius* Bausj Eausj - - + - - + - -

Gataeys fijxds[pdgdcjx Bappdgl-eausj - - + - - + - -

Gataeys edtkbjiiddEdtkbjii's Bappdgl-eausj - - + - - + - -

^sjuàeys fioakdgjrjus Fsb-lrjy Eausj - - + - - - - -

^sjuàeys oaifed Oaife's Eausj - - + - - - - -

^sjuàeys bjrefggsourljgsds [fg`y Dgifg` Eausj - - + - - + - -

IJÂ_D@FJ

Aryktaiflus kugdkuius* _foodt + - - - - - - -

KFGD@FJ

Kfgds iupds dgla @dgla - - - - - - - -

Kfgds iupds cfedidfrds* @al - - - - - - - -

Suipjs vuipjs* _j` Cax + - - - - - - -




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CJID@FJ

Cjids kftus* Kft + - - - - - - -

OASD@FJ

Oas tfurus* Jurapjfg Kfttij - - - - - - - -

Kfprf bdrkus* Laft + - - - - - - -

Avds frdjs [bjjp - - - - - - - -

KFEJID@FJ

Kfejius raej`frdus* Agj-buepj` Kfeji - - - - - - - -

FSDCFZGF

KF[ZF_DD@FJ

@raefdus gavfjbaiifg`dfj Jeu - - - + - - - -

EJLFÂ@DD@FJ

Ijdpaf akjiiftf Efiijjcawi + + - - - - + -

FGFPD@FJ

Kylgus ftrftus Oifkm [wfg - - - - - - - -

Pfàrgf tfàrgad`js Fustrfidfg [bjiùkm - - - - - - - -

Kbjgagjttf huoftf Fustrfidfg \aa` @ukm - - - - - - - -

Efifkarbygkbus ejeorfgfkjus ^dgm-jfrj` @ukm - - - - - - - -

Fgfs lrfkdids Lrjy Pjfi - - - - - - - -

Fgfs supjrkdidasf ^fkdcdk Oifkm @ukm - - - - - - - -

Fytbyf fustrfids Bfr`bjf` - - - - - - - -

Â@DKD^J@D@FJ

âidakjpbfius paidakjpbfius Bafry-bjf`j` Lrjoj - - - - - - - -

KAIZEOD@FJ

^bfps kbfikaptjrf Kaeeag Oragzjwdgl - - - - - - - -

Akypbfps iapbatjs Krjstj` dljag - - - - - - - -

Â@F_LD@FJ

â`frlus strdlad`js Pfwgy Craleautb - - - - - - - -




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JZ_A[PAÂ@D@FJ

Jurastapaùs frlus [pattj` Gdlbthfr - - - - - - - -

FJLAPBJID@FJ

Fjlatbjijs krdstftus Fustrfidfg Awijt-gdlbthfr - - - - - - - -

FÂ@D@FJ

Fpus pfkdcdkus Carm-tfdij` [wdct + - - - - - - -

F_@JD@FJ

Fr`jf pfkdcdkf \bdtj-gjkmj` Bjrag - - - - - - - -

Fr`jf ea`jstf Jfstjrg Lrjft Jlrjt + - - - - - - -

Fr`jf dods Kfttij Jlrjt + - - - - - - -

Jlrjttf gavfjbaiifg`dfj \bdtj-cfkj` Bjrag - - - - - - - -

FKKD^DP_D@FJ

Iapbadktdgdf dsurf [qufrj-tfdij` Mdtj - - - - - - - -

Bfedrastrf ejifgastjrgagOifkm-orjfstjÒuzzfr` - - - - - - - -

Bfidfstur spbjgurus \bdstidgl Mdtj - - - - - - - -

Fkkdpdtjr cfskdftus Orawg Lasbfwm - - - + - - - -

Fkkdpdtjr kdrrakjpbfius Kaiifrj` [pfrrawbfwm - - - - - - - -

Fqudif earpbgad`js Idttij Jflij - - - - - - - -

Fqudif fu`fx \j`lj-tfdij` Jflij - - - + - - - -

Kdrkus fssdedids [pattj` Bfrrdjr - - - - - - - -

CFIKAGD@FJ

Cfika kjgkbrad`js Fustrfidfg Mjstrji - - - - - - - +

Cfika ojrdlarf Orawg Cfikag - - - + - - - -

Cfika iagldpjggds Fustrfidfg Baooy - - - - - - - -

Cfika pjrjlrdgus ^jrjlrdgj Cfikag - + - - - - - -

_FIID@FJ

Cuidkf ftrf Jurfsdfg Kaat - - - - - - - -




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APD@D@FJ

Fr`jatds fustrfids Fustrfidfg Oustfr` - - - - - - - -

_JKZ_SD_A[P_D@FJ

Bdefgtapus bdefgtapus Oifkm-wdglj` [tdit - - - - - - - -

_jkurvdrastrf gavfjbaiifg`dfj _j`-gjkmj` Fvakjt - - - - - - - -

Kifàrbygkbus ijukakjpbfius Ofg`j` [tdit - - - - - - - -

KBF_F@_DD@FJ

Kbfrf`rdus rucdkfpdiius _j`-kfppj` iavjr - - - - - - - -

Jisjyargds ejifgaps Oifkm-cragtj` @attjrji - - - - - - - -

Pbdgargds ruordkaiids Baa`j` iavjr - - - - - - - -

Jrytbralagys kdgktus _j`-mgjj` @attjrji - - - - - - - -

Sfgjiius trdkaiar Ofg`j` Ifpwdgl - - - - - - - -

PZ_GDKD@FJ

Purgdx vjiax Idttij Outtag-qufdi - - - - - - - -

IF_D@FJ

Ifrus gavfjbaiifg`dfj [divjr Luii - - - - - - - -

KFKFPZD@FJ

Kfiyptarbygkbus ofgmsdd_j`-tfdij` OifkmKakmftaa - - - - - - - -

Iapbakbraf ijfòjftjrdEfhar Edtkbjii'sKakmftaa - - - - - - - -

Jaiapbus rasjdkfpdiius Lfifb - - - + - - - -

Gyepbdkus baiifg`dkus Kakmftdji - - - - - - - -

^[DPPFKDCA_EJ[

Liassapsdttf parpbyrakjpbfifûrpij-krawgjÌardmjjt - - - - - - - -

âiytjids fgtbapjpius _jljgt frrat - - - - - - - -

îftykjrkus dktjratds \jstjrg _asjiif - - - - - - - -

Ofrgfr`dus zagfrdus Fustrfidfg _dglgjkm - - - + - + + -

^sjpbatus vfrdus Euilf ^frrat - - - + - + + -

Ejiapsdttfkus ugùiftus Ou`ljrdlfr - - - + - - - -

Gjapsjpbatus oaurmdd Oaurmj's frrat - - - - - - - -




2>

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âiytjids fgtbapjpius Jijlfgt frrat - - - + - + - -

Gjapbjef spijg`d`f [kfrijt-kbjstj` frrat - - - - - - - -

KZIKZID@FJ

Kbfikdtjs ofsfidsBarscdji`'s OragzjKukmaa - - - - - - - -

Kbfikdtjs askuifgs Oifkm-jfrj` Kukmaa - - - - - - - -

Kfkaefgtds pfiidùs ^fiid` Kukmaa - - - - + + - +

[P_DLD@FJ

Gdgax gavfjsjjifg`dfj [autbjrg Oaaoaam Awi - - - + - - - -

BFIKTAGD@FJ

Pa`drfepbus pyrrbapyldus _j`-ofkmj` Mdglcdsbjr - - - - - - - -

EJ_A^D@FJ

Ejraps argftus _fdgoaw Ojj-jftjr + - - - - - - -

KIDEFKPJ_D@FJ

Kidefktjrds fccdgds\bdtj-orawj`Prjjkrjjpjr - - - - - + - -

rucf fccdgds _ucaus Prjjkrjjpjr - - - - - - + -

^PDIAGA_BTGKBD@FJ

^tdiagarbygkbus luttftus \jstjrg Oawjrodr` - - - + - - - -

EFIZ_D@FJ

Efiurus spijg`jgs [pijg`d` Cfdry-wrjg - - - + - + + -

Efiurus ijukaptjrus\bdtj-wdglj` Cfdry-wrjg - - - - - - - -

Efiurus ifeojrtd Sfrdjlftj` Cfdry-wrjg - - - + + + + -

FKFGPBDXD@FJ

Byifkaif kfutf [by Bjftbwrjg - - - - - - - -

Kfifefgtbus kfepjstrds _ucaus Cdji`wrjg - - - - - - - -

^yrrbaifjeus oruggjus _j`tbraft - - - - - + + -

[edkrargds orjvdrastrds \jjodii - - - - + + + -

Ljrylagj cuskf \jstjrg Ljrylagj - - + - - + + -




26

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Fkfgtbdzf raoustdrastrds [ifty-ofkmj` Pbargodii - - - - - - - -

Fkfgtbdzf kbrysarrbafTjiiaw-ruepj`Pbargodii - - - - + - + -

Fkfgtbdzf urapyldfidsKbjstgut-ruepj`Pbargodii - - - + + + + -

Fkfgtbdzf drj`fijd [ijg`jr-odiij` Pbargodii + - - - - - - -

Fkfgtbdzf fpdkfids Dgifg` Pbargodii - - - + - + + -

Fpbjiakjpbfif ijukapsds [autbjrg \bdtjcfkj - - - - - + - -

^F_@FIAPD@FJ

^fr`fiatus pugktftus [pattj` fr`fiatj - - - - - - - -

^fr`fiatus strdftus [trdftj` ^fr`fiatj - - - + - + + -

EJID^BFLD@FJ

Kjrtbdagyx vfrdjlftus ^dj` Bagjyjftjr - - - + - - - -

Idkbjgastaeus vdrjskjgs [dgldgl Bagjyjftjr - - - + + + - -

Idkbjgastaeus ijukatds\bdtj-jfrj`Bagjyjftjr - - - - + + + -

Idkbjgastaeus argftusTjiiaw-piuej`Bagjyjftjr - - - - - - - -

Idkbjgastaeus piueuiusLrjy-cragtj`Bagjyjftjr - - - + - - - -

ûrgjiif fiodcrags\bdtj-cragtj`Bagjyjftjr - - - + - - - -

Efgardgf cifvdluif Tjiiaw-tbraftj` Edgjr - - - - - - - -

Fkfgtbfljgys rucaluifrds[pdgy-kbjjmj`Bagjyjftjr - - - + - + + -

Fgtbakbfjrf kfrugkuiftf _j` \fttijodr` - - - + - - - -

Jptbdfgurf trdkaiar Krdesag Kbft - - - + - - - -

Jptbdfgurf fiodcrags \bdtj-cragtj` Kbft - - - - - - - -

[ulaeji gdljr Oifkm Bagjyjftjr - - - - - - - -

Idkbejrf dg`dstdgktf Orawg Bagjyjftjr - - - + - + - -

Ejidtbrjptus orjvdrastrdsOrawg-bjf`j`Bagjyjftjr - - - + - - - -

ÂEFPA[PAED@FJ

âeftastaeus supjrkdidasus \bdtj-orawj` Ofooijr - - - - + + + -

^[A^BA@D@FJ

Kdgkiasaef kfstfgatus Kbjstgut Vufdi-tbrusb - - - - + + + -

Kdgkiasaef kfstfgjatbarfxKbjstgut-orjfstj`Vufdi-tbrusb - - - - - - - -




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GJA[DPPD@FJ

@fpbajgasdttf kbrysaptjrf Sfrdj` [dttjiif - - - - - - + -

KFE^J^BFLD@FJ

Karfkdgf efxdef Lraug` Kukmaa-sbrdmj - - - - - - - -

Karfkdgf gavfjbaiifg`dfjOifkm-cfkj` Kukmaa-sbrdmj - + - + + + + -

Ififlj sujurdd \bdtj-wdglj` Prdiijr - - - - - - + -

^FKBTKJ^BFID@FJ

^fkbykjpbfif dgargftf Ldiojrt's \bdstijr - - - - - - + -

^fkbykjpbfif rucdvjgtrds _ucaus \bdstijr - - - + - + + -

Kaiiurdkdgkif bfreagdkf Lrjy [brdmj-tbrusb - - - + + + + -

Arjadkf lutturfids Krjstj` Ojiiodr` - + - + + + + -

F_PFED@FJ

Frtfeus pjrsagftus Efsmj` \aa`swfiiaw - - - - - - - -

Frtfeus kdgjrjusOifkm-cfkj`\aa`swfiiaw - - - - - - - -

Frtfeus kyfgaptjrus @usmy \aa`swfiiaw - - - - - - - -

Frtfeus edgar Idttij \aa`swfiiaw - - - - - - - -

Krfktdkus tarquftus Lrjy Outkbjrodr` - - - + + + + -

Krfktdkus gdlraluifrds ^dj` Outkbjrodr` - - - + - - - -

Krfktdkus tdodkjg Fustrfidfg Eflpdj - - - + - - - -

[trjpjrf vjrsdkaiar Lrjy Kurrfwagl - - - + - + + -

_BD^D@Z_D@FJ

_bdpdùrf fiodskfpf Lrjy Cfgtfdi - - - + + + + -

_bdpdùrf ijukapbrys \diidj \fltfdi - - - + - - - -

KA_SD@FJ

Karvus karagad`js Fustrfidfg _fvjg - - - - - - - -

Karvus ojggjttd Idttij Kraw - - - - + + + -

Karvus arru Parrjsdfg Kraw - - - - - - - -

EAGF_KBD@FJ

Lrfiidgf kyfgaijukf Eflpdj-ifrm - - - - - - - -




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^JP_ADKD@FJ

Edkrajkf cfskdgfgs Hfkmy \dgtjr - - - - - - - -

^jtradkf oaa`fgl [kfrijt _aodg - - - + - - - -

^jtradkf laa`jgavdd _j`-kfppj` _aodg - - - + + + + -

Ejifga`ryfs kukuiiftf Baa`j` _aodg - - - - - + - -

Japsfitrdf lrdsjaluifrds \jstjrg Tjiiaw _aodg - - - + - - - -

BD_ZG@DGD@FJ

Bdrugà gjaxjgf \jikaej [wfiiaw - - - - - - - -

^jtrakbjidàg frdji Cfdry Efrtdg - - - - - - - -

^jtrakbjidàg gdlrdkfgs Prjj Efrtdg - - - - - - - -

EJLFIZ_D@FJ

Kdgkiarfepbus eftbjwsd _ucaus [aglifrm - - - - - - - -

Kdgkiarfepbus krurfids Orawg [aglifrm - - - - - - - -

GJKPF_DGDD@FJ

@dkfjue bdrug`dgfkjue Edstijtajodr` - - - - - - - -

J[P_DI@D@FJ

Pfjgdapyldf luttftf Xjorf Cdgkb - - - + - - + -

EAPFKDIID@FJ

Fgtbus gavfsjjifg`dfj Fustrfidfg ^dpdt - - - + - - - -




20

F^^JG@DR J@jpfrtejgt ac Jgvdragejgt fg` Kagsjrvftdag _jluiftdag 6< jredt




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22

F^^JG@DR C Fggatftj` Idst ‛ Fepbdodfgs




24

ETAOFP_FKBD@FJ ^sjuàpbyrgj akkd`jgtfids \jstjrg PafìjtPbj kbfrfktjrdstdk kfii ac tbds spjkdjs wfs bjfr` ùrdgl f vdst ta Baspdtfi _akms,fppraxdeftjiy 6> me crae tbj survjy frjf. Zp ta cdvj efijs wjrj bjfr` kfiidgl craeojgjftb eass oj`s f`hfkjgt ta stfg`dgl wftjr wdtbdg tbj lrfgdtj autkraps ft twasjpfrftj iakftdags. Euitdpij jll ourraws wjrj sdlbtj` wdtbdg tbj twa iakftdags.




4>

F^^JG@DR L Fggatftj` Idst ‛ _jptdijs




46

FLFED@FJKtjgapbarus rjtdkuiftus \jstjrg Gjttj` @rflag \bdij K. rjtdkuiftjs wfs tbj east uodqudtaus ac rjptdijs kfpturj`, fs cjw fs agj fg` gaearj tbfg tbrjj ac tbds spjkdjs wjrj kfpturj` ft [dtjs D ta 3 wdtb ga dg`dvdùfis kfpturj`ft tbj rjefdgdgl sdtjs ([dtjs < ‛ 66). Ft ijfst twa wjrj fisa sdlbtj` appartugdstdkfiiy.Pjg ac tbj jijvjg K. rjtdkuiftus wjrj kfpturj` dg pdtcfii trfps wdtb tbj rjefdgdgldg`dvdùfi kfpturj` dg f cuggji trfp.

Ktjgapbarus skutuiftus Fii cdvj K. skutuiftus wjrj kfpturj` dg pdtcfii trfps wdtb twa kfpturj` ft [dtj ?, twa ft [dtj< fg` agj ft [dtj :. K. skutuiftus wjrj fisa rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy.

Kfdefgaps fepbdoaiurad`jsAgj K. fepbdoaiurad`js wfs kfpturj` ft [dtj ? fg` agj ft [dtj : wdtb caur kfpturj` ft[dtj 0. Fii wjrj kfpturj` dg pdtcfii trfps. Pbds spjkdjs wfs fisa rjkar`jàppartugdstdkfiiy,

âlagf edgar

Agj ^. edgar wfs kfpturj` ft [dtj ? fg` agj ft [dtj :. Oatb wjrj kfpturj` dg pdtcfiitrfps.

@DÎA@FKPTID@FJ@dpia`fktyius puikbjr Pbrjj dg`dvdùfi @. puikbjr wjrj kfpturj` wdtb agj ft [dtj 6, agj ft [dtj 0 fg` agj ft[dtj :. Fii tbrjj wjrj kfpturj` dg pdtcfii trfps

Iukfsdue stjga`fktyiueAgiy agj I. stjga`fktyiue wfs kfpturj` ft [dtj ? fg` dg f pdtcfii trfp. Pbds spjkdjs dsfisa mgawg fs tbj [fg`-pifdg Ljkma.

[KDGKD@FJKryptaoijpbfrus pifldakjpbfiusPbds froarjfi smdgm ds fisa mgawg fs ^jrag—s sgfmj-jyj` smdgm. Pwa dg`dvdùfis wjrjkfpturj` dg pdtcfii trfps ft [dtj ;.

Ktjgatus lrfg`ds\dtbdg tbj ljgus Ktjgatus, K. lrfg`ds ds f rjfsagfoiy ifrlj spjkdjs wdtb tbj typdkfikaeo-idmj prahjktdags ft tbj jfr apjgdgl bdlbiy gatdkjfoij. Agj dg`dvdùfi wfs kfpturj`dg f pdtcfii trfp caiiawdgl tbj sjvjgtb gdlbt ac trfppdgl ft [dtj <.

Ktjgatus ijagbfr`dd

Agiy agj K. ijagfr`dd wfs kfpturj` dg f pdtcfii trfp fg` ft [dtj 6. Pbds spjkdjs ds fisamgawg fs Ijagbfr`—s ktjgatus.

Ktjgatus edejtjsPbrjj K. Edejtjs wjrj kfpturj`. Pwa wjrj kfpturj` dg pdtcfii trfps wdtb agj ft [dtj ?fg` agj ft [dtj : fg` agj wfs kfpturj` dg f cuggji trfp ft [dtj 0.

Ktjgatus skbaeourlmddPwa K. skbaeourlmdd wjrj kfpturj` fg` oatb ft [dtj <. Bawjvjr, agj wfs kfpturj` dg fpdtcfii trfp fg` tbj atbjr, f sefii huvjgdij, dg f cuggji trfp.

Ejgjtdf lrjydd Agiy agj ac tbds sefii spjkdjs ac smdgm wfs kfpturj` fg` tbft dg f pdtcfii trfp ft [dtj 0




4?

F^^JG@DR B Fggatftj` Idst ‛ Efeefis




4;

@F[TZ_D@FJ^sju`fgtjkbdgus efkàggjiijgsds Cft-tfdij` ^sju`fgtjkbdgus Pwa dg`dvdùfi ^. efkàggjiijgsds wjrj kfpturj` ft [dtj 4 fg` agj wfs rjkar`jàppartugfidstdkfiiy dg fg frjf ac ODC kiasj ta tbj kurrjgt kfep. Pbj twa dg`dvdùfis wjrjoatb kfpturj` dg fiuedgdue oax trfps. Dgtjrjstdgliy wbjg agj ac tbjsj twa wfs rjijfsj`,dt rfg ug`jr f rakm wbdkb, wbjrj turgj` avjr, jxpasj` tbj ^sju`fgtjkbdgus dg f baij agtbj ug`jrsurcfkj ac tbj rakm (îftj R). Ldvjg tbj kdrkuestfgkjs dt wfs `jtjredgj` tbfttbj fgdefi eust bfvj ojjg jxtrjejiy cfedidfr wdtb tbj tjrrfdg fg` kjrtfdgiy tbft tbjrjwfs f baij ug`jr tbj rakm car rjculj.

[edgtbapsds aidkburf Idttij Iagl-tfdij` @uggfrt Fii tbrjj dg`dvdùfis ac tbds @fsyurd` spjkdjs wjrj kfpturj` dg tbj wjstjrg partdag ac tbj[gfrm frjf. Pwa wjrj kfpturj` ft [dtj ? fg` agj ft [dtj ;, fg` fii wjrj kfpturj` dgpdtcfii trfps.

EZ_D@FJEus euskuius Bausj EausjEus euskuius wfs tbj agiy gag-gftdvj efeefi kfpturj` fg` wfs tbj east uodqudtaus

ac tbj Eurd`s fii fii tbj efeefi spjkdjs kfpturj`. Pwjgty-caur dg`dvdùfis wjrjkfpturj` rdlbt fkrass tbj [gfmj ^rahjkt frjf wdtb fs cjw fs twa ([dtjs ?, ; fg` <) fgùp ta sjvjg ([dtj 0) kfpturj` ft fgy agj sdtj. Gat surprdsdgliy, gagj wjrj kfpturj` dgcuggji ar kflj trfps fg` f efhardty (<:%) wjrj kfpturj` dg fiuedgdue oax trfps wdtb tbjrjefdg`jr (?:%) kfpturj` dg pdtcfii trfps.

Gataeys fijxds [pdgdcjx Bappdgl EausjAgiy agj [pdgdcjx Bappdgl Eausj wfs kfpturj` dg fg fiuedgdue oax trfp fg` [dtj 0.[dedifr ta atbjr Eurd`s, tbj papuiftdag ac tbj [pdgdcjx Bappdgl Eausj kfg ciuktuftjkagsd`jrfoiy. Caiiawdgl rfdg fg` fg dgkrjfsj dg caa` rjsaurkjs, papuiftdags kfgdgkrjfsj jxpagjgtdfiiy.

Gataeys edtkbjiidd Edtkbjii's Bappdgl EausjAgiy agj Edtkbjii—s Bappdgl Eausj wfs kfpturj` fg` tbft ag tbj ifst gdlbt ac trfppdgl ft[dtj <. Pbds sefii eurd wfs kfpturj` dg fg fiuedgdue oax trfp.

^sjuàeys bjrefggsourljgsds [fg`y Dgifg` EausjAgiy agj ac tbds spjkdjs wfs kfpturj` dg f pdtcfii trfp caiiawdgl tbj cdrst glbt ac trfppdglft [dtj ?.

EFK_AÂ@D@FJEfkrapa` `rappdgls wjrj skfttjrj` spfrsjiy tbraulbaut tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf. Agiyagj Efkrapus raoustus jruojskjgs Jura wfs sjjg ùrdgl tbj rjkaggfdssfgkj survjy.

KBD_A^PJ_FPbj kfiis ac sdx spjkdjs ac ofts wjrj rjkar`j` ag twa Fgfofts ùrdgl tbj survjy. Actbasj kfiis pasdtdvjiy d`jgtdcdj`8

Kbfidgaiaous laui`dd Laui`'s \fttij` Oft Laui`'s \fttij` Oft wfs bjfr` ft caur ac tbj sjvjg sdtjs, gfejiy [dtjs 6, ;, : fg` 3,sulljstdgl tbft tbds spjkdjs utdidsjs tbj jxtjgt ac tbj [gfrm frjf fg` ds gat rjstrdktj` tafgy agj frjf.

Kbfidgaiaous earda Kbakaiftj \fttij` OftPbj Kbakaiftj \fttij` Oft wfs agj ac twa spjkdjs (Pf`frd`f fustrfids \bdtj-strdpj`Crjjtfdi-oft) tbft wfs rjkar`j` ft fii sjvjg sdtjs. Kfiis ac tbds spjkdjs wjrj rjkar`j` agfii akkfsdags (twa `dccjrjgt Fgfofts car agj gdlbt ft jfkb sdtj) jxkjpt car agj gdlbt ft[dtj ?.




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Gyktapbdius sp. Iagl-jfrj` OftZgd`jgtdcdj` Gyktapbdius spjkdjs wfs rjkar`j` oy agiy agj ugdt (agj gdlbt—s rjkar`dgls)ft [dtjs 0 fg` 3 fg` ùrdgl oatb gdlbts— rjkar`dgls ft [dtj <.

Sjspf`jius ofvjrstakmd Pbj kfii ac tbj Carjst Oft Sjspf`jius ofvjrstakmd wfs ugfeodluaus fg` pasdtdvjiyd`jgtdcdj` ft [dtj ?, fg` wbdij dt wfs fisa rjkar`j` ft caur f``dtdagfi sdtjs ([dtjs6, ;, :fg` <) tbjsj kfiis rjqudrj kagcdreftdag.

Eareaptjrus sp. ;Pbj kfiis ac tbds crjj-tfdij` oft wjrj d`jgtdcdj` ft agiy [dtj ; fg` [dtj 3 ag agiy agj gdlbtft jfkb sdtj.

Pf`frd`f fustrfids \bdtj-strdpj` Crjjtfdi-oftPbj kfii ac tbds Eaiassd` spjkdjs, taljtbjr wdtb tbft ac tbj Kbakaiftj \fttij` Oft wfsbjfr` ft fii [dtjs oy oatb Fgfoft rjkar`jrs ag oatb gdlbs ft fii sdtjs sulljstdgl tbft tbdsspjkdjs ds praidcdk tbraulbaut tbj [gfrm frjf.




4:

F^^JG@DR D Fggatftj` Idst ‛ Odr`s




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EJLFÂ@D@FJIjdpaf akjiiftf Efiijjcawi\bdij ga Efiijjcawi wjrj sjjg fg` ga jvd`jgkj ac tbjdr rjkjgt prjsjgkj wfs d`jgtdcdj`,ugkagcdrej` sdlbtdgls ac Efiijjcawis bfvj ojjg rjpartj` dg tbj frjf (Kftby Lfiid pjrskaee.). Cdvj cdvj dgfktdvj, ai` Efiijjcawi eaug`s wjrj d`jgtdcdj` wdtbdg tbj [gfrm^rahjkt frjf fg` f curtbjr eaug` wfs d`jgtdcdj` autsd`j ac tbj [gfrm ^rahjkt frjf outwdtbdg tbj Ifmj Ldijs ^rahjkt frjf.

CFIKAGD@FJCfika kjgkbrad`js Fustrfidfg Mjstrji \bdij tbds rfptar wfs gat rjkar`j` ùrdgl fgy ac tbj systjeftdk sfepidgl sjssdags, agjdg`dvdùfi wfs rjkar`j` raastdgl ùrdgl f spatidlbtdgl carfy ag agj jvjgdgl.

^[DPPFKD@FJOfrgfr`dus zagfrdus Fustrfidfg _dglgjkm Pbj Fustfidfg _dglgjkm wfs sjjg fg` bjfr` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk sfepidgl ft fii [dtjsjxkjpt [dtjs ? fg` ;. Dt wfs fisa rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy. Dgtjrjstidgliy, gat efgyodr`s wjrj sjjg wdtb usufiiy agiy sdglijtags fg` pfdrs rjkar`j`.

îftykjrkus vfrdus Euilf frratPwa Euilf ^frrats wjrj sjjg ft [dtj < fg` twa wjrj rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy.

Gjapbjef jijlfgs Jijlfgt ^frrat Fs rjkar`j` car tbj Euilf ^frrats, twa Jijlfgt ^frrats wjrj sjjg ft [dtj < fg` earjwjrj rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy. Oatb pfrrat spjkdjs fppjfrj` ta oj pfssdgl tbraulb tbjfrjf rftbjr tbfg cfvaurdgl tbj frjf car carfldgl fg`/ar raastdgl.

KZKZID@FJKfkaefgtds pfiidùs ^fiid` KukmaaAgj kfii ac f ^fiid` Kukmaa wfs pasdtdvjiy bjfr` ft [dtj ; ùrdgl tbj ?> edgutj eargdgl

survjys fg` agj odr` wfs sjjg raastdgl ùrdgl f spatidlbtdgl carfy.

KIDEFKPJ_D@FJKidefktjrds fccdgds \bdtj-orawj` PrjjkrjjpjrAgj \bdtj-orawj` Prjjkrjjpjr wfs sjjg ùrdgl tbj eargdgl survjys ft [dtj 0 fg` agjùrdgl tbj fctjrgaag survjys ft [dtj <.

Kidefktjrds rucf _ucaus PrjjkrjjpjrPbj _ucaus Prjjkrjjpjr wfs gat rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk survjys out fg d`dvdùfiwfs sjjg appartugdstdkfiiy.

EFIZ_D@FJ

Efiurus spijg`jgs [pijg`d` Cfdry-wrjgPbj [pijg`d` \rjg wfs cfr earj uodqudtaus tbfg tbj Sfrdjlftj` \rjg fg` wfs rjkar`j`ft fii sdtjs fg` appartugdstdkfiiy.

Efiurus ifeojrtd Sfrdjlftj` Cfdry-wrjgPbj Sfrdjlftj` \rjg wfs rjkar`j` agiy ft [dtjs ?, ;, 0, : fg` 3 fg` wfs fisa rjkar`jàppartugdstdkfiiy.

FKFGPBDXD@FJ^yrrbaifjeus oruggjus _j`tbraftPbj _j`tbraft wfs rjkar`j` agiy tbraulbaut tbj kjgtrfi frjf ac tbj [gfrm survjy frjf ft[dtjs ;, 0, : fg` 3, fg` wfs rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy.




4<

[edkrargds orjvdrastrds \jjodiiPbds uodqudtaus wjj odr` wfs rjkar`j` ft fii sdtjs tbraulbt tbj survjy frjf fgàppartdgustdkfiiy.

Ljrylagj cuskf \jstjrg LjrylagjPbj \jstjrg Ljrylagj wfs rjkar`j` ft [dtjs ?, 0 fg` 3 fg` wfs fisa rjkar`jàppartugdstdkfiiy.

Fkfgtbdzf kbrysarrbaf Tjiiaw-ruepj` PbargodiiPbj Tjiiaw-ruepj` Pbargodii wfs gjdtbjr sjjg ar bjfr` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk survjyswfs wfs rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy.

Fkfgtbdzf urapyldfids Kbjstgut-ruepj` PbargodiiPbj Kbjstgut-ruepj` Pbargodii wfs rjkar`j` agiy wdtbdg tbj jfstjg partdag ac tbj survjyfrjf ft [dtjs :, 3 fg` <, fg` appartugdstdkfiiy.

Fkfgtbdzf fpdkfids Dgifg` PbargodiiPbj Dgifg` Pbargodii wfs rjkar`j` ft fii sdtjs tbraulbt tbj survjy frjf fg`

appartdgustdkfiiy.

Fpbjiakjpbfif ijukapsds [autbjrg \bdtjcfkjAgiy twa dg`dvdùfis wjrj sjjg ft [dtj : ùrdgl f eargdgl survjy.

^F_@FIAPD@FJ^fr`fiatus strdftus [trdftj` fr`fiatj[trdftj` ^fr`fiatjs wjrj rjkar`j` agiy ft wjstjrg survjy sdtjs ([dtjs 6 fg` ?) out wjrjfisa rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy jisjwbjrj.

EJID^BFLD@FJIdkbjgastaeus vdrjskjgs [dgldgl Bagjyjftjr

[dgldgl Bagjyjftjrs wjrj rjkar`j` ft fii sdtjs jxkjpt [dtj 3, out wfs gat rjkar`jàppartugdstdkfiiy.

Idkbjgastaeus ijukatds \bdtj-jfrj` Bagjyjftjr\bdtj-jfrj` Bagjyjftjrs wjrj rjkar`j` agiy ft [dtjs 6, ? fg` ; dg tbj wjstjrg partdagac tbj survjy frjf, fg` jisjwbjrj appartugdstdkfiiy.

Fkfgtbfljgys rucaluifrds [pdgy-kbjjmj` Bagjyjftjr[pdgy-kbjjmj` Bagjyjftjrs wjrj agiy rjkar`j` ft [dtj ? fg` appartugdstdkfiiy.

Idkbejrf dg`dstdgkt Orawg BagjyjftjrCjw Orawg Bagjyjftjrs wjrj rjkar`j` wdtb agiy cdvj dg`dvdùfis rjkar`j` ft [dtjs ? fg`

: fg` gagj appartugdstdkfiiy.

ÂEFPA[PAED@FJâeftastaeus supjrkdidasus \bdtj-orawj` Ofooijr\bdtj-orawj` Ofooijrs wjrj rjkar`j` tbaulbaut tbj survjy frjf ft [dtjs ?, 0, : fg` <fg` wjrj bjfr` fg` sjjg appartugdstdkfiiy.

^[A^BA@D@FKdgkiasaef kfstfgatus Kbjstgut Vufdi-tbrusbPbj Kbjstgut Vufdi-tbrusb wfs gat rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk odr` survjys out fgdg`dvdùfi wfs kfpturj` dg agj ac tbj kflj trfps ft [dtj 6. Dt wfs fisa rjkar jàppartugdstdkfiiy.




GJA[DPPD@FJ@fpbajgasdttf kbrysaptjrf Sfrdj` [dttjiifPbj Sfrdj` [dttjiif wfs gat rjkar`j` ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk survjys out wfs rjkar`jàppartugdstdkfiiy.

KFE^J^BFLD@FJKarfkdgf gavfjbaiifg`dfj Oifkm-cfkj` Kukmaa-sbrdmjZp ta jdlbt Oifkm-cfkj` Kukmaa-sbrdmjs wjrj rjkar`j` ft [dtjs 0 fg` < fg` earj wjrjsjjg appartugdstdkfiiy dgkiu`dgl f ciakm ac foaut 6? odr`s.

^FKBTKJ^BFID@FJ^fkbykjpbfif rucdvjgtrds _ucaus \bdstijrPbj _ucaus \bdstijr wfs rjkar`j` tbaulbaut tbj survjy frjf ft [dtjs ?, ;, : fg` < fg`wfs rjkar`j` appartugdstdkfiiy

Kaiiurdkdgkif bfreagdkf Lrjy [brdmj-tbrusbPbj Lrjy [brdmj-tbrusb wfs rjkar`j` oatb ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk survjys, jxkjpt ft[dtjs 6 fg` ;, fg` appartugdstdkfiiy.

Arjadkf lutturfids Krjstj` Ojiiodr`Pbj kbfrfktjrdstdk kfii ac tbj Krjstj` Ojiiodr` wfs bjfr` tbraulbaut tbj survjy frjf ft fiisdtjs fg` appartugdstdkfiiy.

F_PFED@FJKrfktdkus gdlraluifrds ^dj` Outkbjrodr`Pbj ^dj` Outkbjrodr` wfs rjkar`j` agiy ft [dtj ? ùrdgl tbj systjeftdk survjys fg` agiyft [dtj : appartugdstdkfiiy.

[trjpjrf vjrsdkaiaur Lrjy KurrfwaglCjw Lrjy Kurrfwagls wjrj rjkar`j` out tbjsj wjrj sjjg fg` bjfr` ft fii survjy sdtjs

fg` appartugdstdkfiiy.

_BD^D@Z_D@FJ_bdpdùrf cuidldgasf Lrjy CfgtfdiPbds dgqudsdtdvj odr` wfs rjkar`j` ft fii sdtjs, jxkjpt [dtj <, fg` wfs fisa rjkar`jàppartugdstdkfiiy.

KA_SD@FJKarvus ojggjttd Idttij KrawPbj Idttij Kraw wfs rjkar`j` agiy ft [dtjs 6 fg` ? out wfs bjfr` jisjwbjrj

t d td ii

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