Availability of woody biomass for European forests Prof. Dr. Udo Mantau Zentrum Holzwirtschaft Universität Hamburg

Availability of woody biomass

for European forests

Prof. Dr. Udo MantauZentrum HolzwirtschaftUniversität Hamburg

Mantau: Availability of EU woody biomass

CONTENT

1 Wood resource balance – woody biomass overview

2 Resources flows

3 Resources flow developments

4 Sustainability and carbon sequestration in resources

10.04.23 2


sources uses

industrial roundwood(logs)

416

469 material use

358 energy uses

other forest wood and bark 110

chips, particles & residues 120

other woody biomass 158

balancing adjustment 23

total 827 827 total

„Wood resource balance“ - overview

Wood resource balance Europe (EU/EFTA) (in M. m³(e)) 2007 - actual use

Source: Mantau / Steierer / Hetsch /Prins (2008) ; Steierer (2009)

Round wood equivalent m³(e)(solid cubic meter equivalent):How much solid cubic meterof wood is transfered from one sector to another?

10.04.23 3

1

Mantau: Stoffliche und energetische Verwendung

sources uses

logs 416 195 sawmill industry

other coarse woodforest rest wood

100 180 pulp industry

78 panel industry

bark 10 16 other material uses +)

woody biom. outside forest *) 14 12 wood based fuel industry **)

chips, particles & residues 120

346

black liquor*) 75 biomass power plants

post consumer wood 55 private households

energy products **) 14 other energy uses ++)

balancing adjustment 23

total 827 827 total

43% energetische Nutzung

1

65 % primary wood fibre

*) e.g. landscape care wood and short rotation plantations; **) e.g. pellets, briquettes; +) e.g. veneer, insulating boardsSource: Steierer (2009) Euwood-project State of the Art report

10.04.23 4


Europe (EU/EFTA) (in M. m³) 2007 - actual use

30.05.2008 5

sources uses

[ mio. m³] [ mio. m³]

industrial Roundwood 100 100 sawmill industrys

industrial Roundwood - unrep. 20 panel industry

fuelwood – JFSQ 10 pulp industry

fuelwood – unrep. other physical utilization

bark 10 wood fuel industry

used logging residues 5 power and heat

woody biomass outside forest 4 industrial internal

chips, particles & residues 40 5 private households

pulp production co-products 4 undifferentiated energy use

recovered wood

processed wood fuel 10

∑ total sources in example: 154 100% 100% 154 ∑ total uses


Cascade uses - example

cascade factor of wood resource balance for Europe on primary biomass: 1,53

2

Mantau: Concept of the national wood resource balance08-03-16 6

Calculation of real cuttings based on utilized amounts Germany in M m³ (2005)

Energy plants > 1MW

0.840 1.2%

Energy plants < 1MW

3.463 4.9%

households14.214 20.3%

Recorded availability (RA)

56.946 77.8%

Total availability (TA)

73.204 100.0%

Unrecorded availability (UA)

16.258 22.2%

Change in Stock (CiS)

-0.036 0.0%

Import (Im)

2.820 3.9%

Export (Ex)

6.070 8.3%

Calc. domestic availability (CDA)

69.990 100.0%Pulp industry

6.184 8.8%

Panel industry

7.470 10.7%

Sawmill industry

37.234 53.2%

Other material uses *)

0.585 0.8%

Other energy uses0.000 0.0%

Resource flows

TA = CDA + (Ex – Im) + ΔCiS UA = TA - RA

Consumption (CDA) = (RA + UA) + (Im – Ex) + ΔCiS where (RA = production when UA = 0)

2


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

in Mio. m³ - comparing

saw mill industry

panel industry

pulp industry

others

3

10.04.23 7

Source: Mantau, Szenarien 2008-2012

Resource flow developments

For time series of traditional resource flows official statistics are normally quite useful Example for Germany in M m³

Mantau: Concept of the national wood resource balance08-03-16 8

Creating time series in undocumented sectors (e.g. energy uses of woody biomass)Few empirical information – many assumtionssolution: openess in assumptions

1987 7,424 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1988 7,492 0,9% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1989 7,560 0,9% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1990 10,323 36,5% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1991 10,416 0,9% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1992 10,511 0,9% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1993 10,607 0,9% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1994 10,703 0,9% 77,1% 65,8% 7,9% 3,4% 6,0% 14,4% 2,5% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 100%1995 10,800 0,9% 78,5% 67,0% 8,1% 3,4% 5,5% 13,1% 2,6% 0,1% 0,0% 0,0% 0,3% 100%1996 10,898 0,9% 79,9% 68,2% 8,2% 3,5% 4,9% 11,8% 2,6% 0,1% 0,1% 0,0% 0,5% 100%1997 10,997 0,9% 81,4% 69,4% 8,4% 3,6% 4,4% 10,5% 2,6% 0,2% 0,1% 0,0% 0,8% 100%1998 11,097 0,9% 82,8% 70,6% 8,5% 3,6% 3,8% 9,2% 2,7% 0,3% 0,1% 0,1% 1,1% 100%1999 11,198 0,9% 84,2% 71,9% 8,7% 3,7% 3,3% 7,9% 2,7% 0,3% 0,2% 0,1% 1,3% 100%2000 11,300 0,9% 85,6% 73,1% 8,8% 3,7% 2,7% 6,6% 2,8% 0,4% 0,2% 0,1% 1,6% 100%2001 11,865 5,0% 84,6% 72,2% 8,7% 3,7% 2,9% 6,9% 2,8% 0,5% 0,4% 0,1% 2,0% 100%2002 12,458 5,0% 83,6% 71,3% 8,6% 3,6% 3,0% 7,1% 2,8% 0,6% 0,6% 0,1% 2,3% 100%2003 13,393 7,5% 82,5% 70,4% 8,5% 3,6% 3,1% 7,4% 2,8% 0,7% 0,7% 0,1% 2,7% 100%2004 14,732 10,0% 81,5% 69,5% 8,4% 3,6% 3,2% 7,7% 2,8% 0,8% 0,9% 0,1% 3,1% 100%2005 20,703 40,5% 80,4% 68,7% 8,3% 3,5% 3,3% 7,9% 2,8% 0,9% 1,1% 0,1% 3,5% 100%

Total [Mio. m³]

fuelwood. total

SMBP Sägew.

SMPB briquettes

RateSum

%others

Anteile (Originalsortimente) [%]fuelwood garden

fuelwoodLCW

fuelwood forest

post cons.

SMBP pellets

SMPB chips

SMBP dust

SOURCE: MANTAU, U.; SÖRGEL, C.; WEIMAR, H.; (2007): Holzrohstoffbilanz Deutschland, Bestandaufnahme 1987 bis 2005, Hamburg, 2007, 66 S.

assortment share in %

Resource flow developments3


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

in M m³ (comparing plot)

private housholds

heat & powerplants > 1 MW

heat & powerplants < 1MW

BTL

10.04.23 9

Source: Mantau, Holzrohstoffbilanzen 2002, 2005, 2007

Resource flow developments3

Energy uses in M m³ - example Germany


4

Comparison of net anual increment forest growth with consumtion transfered in net annual increment. (Yearly calculations are a bit problematic because of data accuracy.)

10.04.23 10


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

in M. m³ (NAI)

'Yearly NAI (standing volume) on FLAW

Consumption (*1,3) in 'NAI'

Sustainability (natural production)


4

Comparison of gross anual increment forest growth with other changes (mortality, land use) and consumtion (m³ NAI)

10.04.23 11


0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

1987-2002

2003-2007

2008-2012

gross annual increment other changesconsumption change in standing volume

Sustainability (natural production)


4

Wood resource stream analysis from forest to use and disposal

10.04.23 12

Source: MANTAU, U., BILITEWSKI, B.: Stoffstrom-Modell- Holz, 2005, nach KIBAT, K. D.

Carbon sequestration

Resources100%

Industrial restwood form semi finished production

26.7 %

losses and material compression

4.0%

Net export semifinishedproducts

4.3%

net import finishedproducts + unreported

11.9%

wood products in use39.6% (58.1%)

disposal after use28.6% (41.9%)

total material in disposal system

37.2%

Industrial restwood form finishedproduction

8.6%market volumefinished

68.3% (100%)

market volumesemi finished

65.0 %


Carbon sequestration effects of woody biomass usesin Germany (1993-2012)

Source: Mantau, U. (2009): Wachsende Bedeutung der CO2-Speicherung in der Holzverwendung, AFZ-Der Wald, 16/2009, S 885, 886

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

in Mt CO2 CO2-sequestration by material uses

CO2-substitution by energy uses

CO2-sequestration by forest standing volume

Carbon sequestration4


Conclusions

► The Wood Resource Balance (WRB) is a tool to document an overview on all relevant sources and uses of a resource.

► Data availability of new sources and new uses is the biggest challenge in calculating a wood resource balance.

► Until better statistical documentation of theses markets time series can be derived on assumtions as long as they are openly documented.

10.04.23 14


Conclusions

► The Wood Resource Balance (WRB) can be uses as a monitoring system for sustainability of the natural reserves of a resource.

► Depending on the existence of end use studies and disposal statistics it is furthermore a tool for calculation carbon sequestration in woody biomass uses on the basis of empirical, actual data.

10.04.23 15

Availability of woody biomass

for European forests

Prof. Dr. Udo MantauZentrum HolzwirtschaftUniversität Hamburg

Documents

Availability of woody biomass for European forests Prof. Dr. Udo Mantau Zentrum Holzwirtschaft Universität Hamburg