Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Avatar Mobility in
黃瑋璨新加坡國立大學
1
Wei Tsang Ooi Mehul MotaniHuiguang Liang Ian Tay Ming Feng Neo
National University of Singapore
2
“My life is so great that I literally wanted a second one!”- Dwight Schrute, The Office
3
256x256 m regions.
4
avatar mobility:who is where, when
5
why do we care?
6
research in systems support for NVE
7
8
How to partition a world into regions and assign regions to servers considering
- communication cost- hand-over rate- balancing server load :
9
10
How to predict avatar movement (end therefore what a user will see next)?
11
12
AoI-based scheme
13
How many connections?
How stable are the connections?
14
supernode-based scheme
15
How to pick supernodes?
How stable are the supernodes?
16
how to simulate avatar mobility?
17
random walkrandom waypoint
clustered movement:
18
or, small-scale
implementation
19
no large-scale NVE available until recently
20
482,594residents logged in between 2-9 June 2008
21
secondlife.com/whatis/economy-graphs.php
22
• collect mobility traces of avatars in Second Life
• what it means w.r.t. systems design for NVEs?
23
collecting traces
24
how do avatars move inside a distributed
virtual environment?
25
how are avatars distributed within a
region?
26
how long do they stay at a location?
27
do they move in groups?
28
etc.
29
FPS MMORPG NVE
30
Linden, can we get access to the server traces?
No.
31
• Wrote our own client
• Parses packets using libsecondlife
• Insert bots into regions
• Log positions of avatars every 10s
32
difficulties
33
running out of memory
34
anti-bots policy
35
over crowded region
36
inter-region tracking
37
• Wrote our own client
• Parses packets using libsecondlife
• Insert bots into regions
• Log positions of avatars every 10s
38
who is where, when
(doing what)
39
40
Freebies
41
The Pharm
42
Isis
43
Ross
44
Mobility Patterns
45
Freebies: number of visits to a cell
46
Freebies: average pause time in a cell
47
Freebies: average speed in a cell
48
Isis: number of visits to a cell
49
caching/prefetching based on popularity of
locations?
50
Isis: average pause time in a cell
51
pick supernodes from sticky location?
52
Isis: average speed in a cell
53
mobility model:random walk +
pathway ?
54
churn rate
55
56
57
Reasonably high churn (up to 6/min)
58
1 min 10 min
1 hr 2 hr
Highly skewed. Some stay for hours.
59
cannot pick supernodes uniformly
60
clustering of avatars
61
meeting: encounter between two avatars
(within each other AoI)
62
Meet many different avatars.
63
1 min
10 min
1 hr
2 hr
Most meetings are short.
64
Meeting size is large.
65
high overhead in maintaining AoI
neighbors
66
meeting stability:
avg meeting sizeover
num of avatars met
67
Wide range of stability
68
other tidbits
69
little temporal variations
can use historical information to predict future
70
rotate 18% of the time
Second Life’s prefetching is wasteful
71
25-35% revisits the same region in a day
region-based caching?
72
proxy-based texture caching
73
why textures?
74
62 - 81%of traffic are textures
75
316 MBof textures in Isis
76
64m
80o
77
64m
80o
78
403 TBof textures retrieved
in Isis in a day
79
SL servers texture proxy
clients
80
what caching algorithm to used?
81
2Q
82
FIFO
LRU
83
FIFO
LRU
cache miss
84
FIFO
LRU
cache hit
85
FIFO
LRU
cache hit
86
FIFO
LRU
scan resistant
87
88
3Q
89
FIFO
LRU
Victim Buffer
90
FIFO
LRU
cache hit
Victim Buffer
(sorted by popularity)
91
how to define popularity of texture?
92
Freebies: number of visits to a cell
93
little temporal variations
can use historical information to predict future
94
popularity of texture = popularity of cell
95
2Q 3Q OPT
Ross 50 MB 0.58 0.62 0.70
Ross 25 MB 0.28 0.36 0.47
Freebies 50 MB 0.48 0.50 0.68
Freebies 25 MB 0.21 0.33 0.50
Per-byte Hit Rate
96
conclusion
97
understanding real avatar mobility is crucial to design good NVEs
98
謝謝歡迎發問及指教
99
99