AW 101

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1

POLITEKNIK PREMIER UNGKU OMAR

INTRODUCTION TO

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH)



Accident

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1.1 THE CONCEPTS OF OSH

HAZARD in workplace: •Main cause of hazard

Workplace environment Worker’s behaviour

•4 main types of hazards

Physical Hazards Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards Ergonomic Hazards


PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Most common at the workplace Unsafe condition can cause injury, illness and death Examples Electrical hazard Unguarded machinery and moving machinery parts Constant loud noise High exposure to sunlight Working from height Spills of floor


CHEMICAL HAZARDS

Present when worker exposed to any chemical preparation in workplace Some people more sensitive; illness, skin irritation or breathing problems. Beware of: Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids Vapours and fumes Gases Flammable materials The workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)


BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

Working with animals, people or infections plant. Such as : hospitals, hotel laundry, laboratories, veterinary offices. Types of thing exposed: Blood or other body fluids Fungi Bacteria and viruses Plants Insect bites Animal and bird droppings.

1.2.1 Early Recognition of Occupational Diseases


1.2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

In 1473 a German physician, Ellenborg, published the first known pamphlets on Occupational disease from gold miners. In 1556 the German scholar, Agricola described the diseases of miners. 1713 Ramazzini, regarded as the father of occupational medicine suggest the doctor should ask their patient about their occupations.

1.2.2 Emergence of Industrial Accident



Industrial accidents arose out of the Factory system during the Industrial Revolution in Britain in 18th Century (1700s). Woman and children worked as heavy labours under unsafe and unhealthy workplaces.

1.2.3 Emergence of Safety Legislation



In 1833 English Factory Act was the first effective industrial safety law It provide compensation for accidents rather than control causes. Insurance companies inspected work places and suggested pervention methods Problem : Safety become injury and insurance oriented

1.2.3 Emergence of Safety Management



Role of Herbert w. Heinrich (1930’s) Developed Domino Theory and promoted control of workers behaviour Problem : Focused on worker behaviour and not management

Caused people to think that safety is about policing worker

1.2.3 Emergence of Safety Management



Current development of OSH management system was driven by two parallel forces: a. Self-regulatory legislation in UK (1974) b. Quality management movement



The accident revolution cause of industrial accidents Laws were enacted to compensate and protect workers in 1833 safety and Management guidelines began with Heinrich and followed by others



Health problems due to occupation has been known by ancient times

Lord Robens in 1972 recommended self-Regulatory Legislation. Adopted by Malaysia in 1994. Outcome of accidents in 1970’s and 1980’s resulted OSH management system Today


1.3 IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY IN THE

WORKPLACE

i. To secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work against risk

ii. To protect persons at the place of work other than persons at work against risk

iii. To promote an occupational environment for persons at work which is adapted to their physiological needs

iv. To provide the means whereby the associated occupational safety and health legislations may be progressively replaced.


1.3 IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY IN THE

WORKPLACE

Occupational Safety and Health 1994 (Act 514) -was enacted on 25 February 1994 by the Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Yang DiPertuan Agong. Objectives of Act : To ensure the safety , health and welfare of persons at work To protect others against risk to safety and health in connection with the activities of persons at work To establish the National Council for Safety and Health


1.3 IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE

Concept of OSHA 1994 i. Accident prevention is an essential part of good management and

workmanship

ii. Management and workers must cooperate

iii. Top management must take the lead

iv. A define and known safety and health policy

v. Organization and resources to achieve policy

vi. Best available knowledge and methods.