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Luzon
1. I D
F
2. I M A
(IMA) F
3. I F
4. ASCODE5. LIKAS
Visayas
6. PROCESS
7. L P
8. Aq D
F
Mindanao
9. FORWARD
10. A-j D
F
11. B M
12. C
13. S-M
14.
15. L D
nCR
16. PEA
17. K C F
18. GABRIELA
19. PAAMABA
20. C W R
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ChapteR 7
the iCt enViRonMent and infRastRuCtuRe
in the phiLippines
engLish as a MediuM of CoMMuniCation in the phiLippines
A A , P
E- (P, 2005). T
P . I .
gendeR gap
T P 6 q A
10. G
P :
(4), (1), (22),
(1). T P A
(W
E F, 2006)
W 39%
, (64%), (57%), (67%),
(56%).
the phiLippines Media pRofiLe
A P P A,
. H,
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
4/103126
philippines
, ( ) .
L (S., 2006).
soCiaL RoLe
T ,
F . T
,
, - (S., 2006). P ,
, tv,
- , .
H, P , ,
, (S.,
2006).
T
. T x
. W ,
(C, 1999).
pRint Media
newspapeRs
T N C R (NCR) 22%
. T 13 j
, 17 , 32 z, 39 5 C (S.,
2006).
T 441 13 z. M
, , -, - ,
(S., 2006).
T Phlppne Daly Inqurer 257,416.
Ownership
N P . A
S z , C-F ,
, (C, 1999).
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
5/103127
the ict environment and inrastructure
E Y, x, Manla Bullen , J G,
R M S C, Manla mes .
inQ7
INQ7 I I. j
P -- Phlppne Daly Inqurer,
, GMA N I.,
P (Iq7., 2006). INQ7 F z (I
z) 12.4 , J 2002
(L, 2006).
wOmens Access tO news pApers
M
. T P
j (, 2004).
R 1980
z . B ,
. I , z
(D Cz, 1988). I 1986, j j
,
S B Aq J. . T , ,
. A -
: E A, B G B
L M (D Cz, 1988). H,
10 , (Az, 2004).
In all our newspapers, there were more males than emales in board and editorialpositions. However, the ratio o emale to male reporters appeared to be equal. What
this points to is the apparent difculty that women reporters encounter in rising to the
rank o editor or board member (Tolentino, 2004).
CoMMunity papeRs
C .
I 1998, 408 , .
T j
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
6/103128
philippines
. S ,
j (R, 1999).
tabLoids
x 2000
3,347,744. A ,Bulgar
448,450 , Peoples JournalPeoples ongh,
382,200 365,811, (S., 2006).
Magazines
I Manla mes, G S M,
z P,
(S M, 2006). I 1995 Preew,
z, x Cosmopolan
Mare Clare.
CoMiCs
T P . I 1800,
J Rz F- Te Monkey
and he orose (K, 2006). I 1960,
, 17% E (Y, 1962). A C
Bj 1950
1960. H, 1970 P
M L. T M
. A
, q (K, 2006).
Radio and teLeVision bRoadCasting
B tv q,
-
. T x tv 1994
F L, E M M S. B , 81.22%
44.93% tv (S.,
2006). B P A
.
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
7/103129
the ict environment and inrastructure
Radio
T P KZKZ H M M
1922. T , KZRM KZEG,
. I 1929,
. I , 81%
50 F 1994 x . A
81.6% x (S., 2006).
A 2002 A R N C
(NC), D 31, 2002, x 369 AM 583 FM
P NC (N C
[NC], 2003).
T ,
- . T
, . S
,
q (Y, 1962, . 73). C FM AM
P
.
CoMMunity Radio
C ,
. U
,
x. I
ambul j L P,
P, P P PPPP, j ambul
CA (C A ) (D, 2001). A
j narrowasng
.
teLeVision
Ownership
O ,
P, (S, 2003).
M M, 96% tv . A
, .
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
8/103130
philippines
tv 73% Lz (
), 60% V, 63% M.T P
. A , - (C
C, D E) (P, 2005). M M 13 j
, M M (S., 2006).
A 1950, P
U S
(z, 2006). T
. H,
: -. M . Ex
.
O , -
,
(S, 2004). elenoelas
. A
, Mx K elenoelas, J
(S, 2004).
FilipinO Owned
A 100% F q P
, S A (S, 2003).
H,
(S,
2004, . 166). A ,
P . A
,
(S, 2003).
Qtv
Qtv (Q tv-1) GMA N ,
, T
(Qtv C 11, 2006). A ,
,
.
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
9/103131
the ict environment and inrastructure
cAble televisiOn
T , A,
1969 B C (S., 2006)
. I 2000,
217 . R VI ( V)
84 , R II (C) (S.,
2006). I P, tv
tv . C
M M j
, q
(S, 2004). S 1960,
-
(S, 2004).
Film
W 172,022 381 M M 12
5 , N C R (NCR)
. R IV
69,780 150 (S., 2006).O 373 , 215 57.6 M M
NCR (P, 2005). C M M
A C, R C,
P C (P, 2005). T
. I 2003, P 109
(P, 2005). N, US
P (P, 2005). I 2003,
- .
tAr get mA rket
B z , P
, . Y , 45
, 83.76% P . O ,
42.44% 41.32% . T
(P, 2005).
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
10/103132
philippines
tRaditionaL and indigenous CoMMuniCation tooLs
fiesta
L ,
.F F
, .
B P S , C
. A P, M x , 83%
P C (S., 2006). F
P q C S
F
C . I S
(Jq, 2006). F
P , .
ChanneLs of peRsonaL infLuenCe
R Y (1962)
. T
, 45.7% . T
(14.4%), (6%), sar-sar () (2.3%) (1.5%). W
sar-sar , sar-sar
. A
.
theatRe
C P F ,
, , , x,
. T P , (Fz, 1996). T P E T A,
PEA, P - (Fz, 1996).
I , . O
q /
Mq W N V C. A P
, N V C ,
, x, ,
, q, x , x, ,
, (N V C, 2006).
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
11/103133
the ict environment and inrastructure
new iCts
teLeCoMMuniCations
T P SMS . A 2003,
22 . M
25% , x . T
, ,
F (L, 2006). B 2003
P A, , 94% F
x , 70% x 10
(L, 2006).
I , x
, ,
. F x, z ,
x (L, 2006). Cz
P G M-A
X GMA. T C S C XCSC
z , , q CSC
(L, 2006).
x - .
x, F F M
A,
SMS (L, 2006). T
x , EDSA 2,
P J E.
inteRnet and otheR new ICTS
T P I M 1994,
. I I P, . N, ,
, . T
E- C
R Vz, , C D NGO N
F M A (P, 1999). M, 90% I
f P USA, P
I (L, 2003). T j
E.
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12/103134
philippines
W IC , 1994 --
I (VOIP), (SMS), (W-F)
(3G), . IC
x
- IC .
, , I
(L U,
2003).
A I U, 2.7
(PC) 100 2001. T 2.77 2002. H, N S
Of, F I Ex S, PC
2.79% 2000 3.87% 2003. H
PC, 5.90% -
PC 3.48% - .
tabLe 1. HouseHold ownersHip of personal computers, 2000 and 2003
nl icm dclprc hl
2000 2003l 0.0 0.0
s 0.0 0.0
th 0.0 0.11
fh 0.5 0.22
fh 0.5 0.26
sxh 0.27 0.63
sh 0.73 1.36
eh 1.64 3.15
nh 4.43 7.51th 20.27 30.18
n 2.79 3.87
Soure: NSO as quoed by FMA (2006a)
H, ict, ict
,
ict.
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
13/103135
the ict environment and inrastructure
woMens aCCess to new iCts
T U N H D R
, F
. A P
1999-2000 40%
(x ) . T
S A (F, 2000 S-A, 2006). A
, ict ,
-. A
x, ,
. A
tv - (Lz, 2001). H, ict
, q F
ict , , x
(Lz, 2001).
faCtoRs affeCting Media and CoMMuniCation tooLs
T P , La Soldardad
Kalayaan P M Kapunan . J RzNol
Me angereand El Flbusersmo,
S, P .
T -
. A
P j,
q x
. T j 1945
M L S 21, 1972. T M
, , ,
.
A
, . G
,
. F, D (1990, . 4) ,
,
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
14/103136
philippines
.C, j
P j. S ,
80
(R, 2006). P-EDSA j
M-A ,
, P
C P P (Lz, 2006)
Radio and teLeVision
A ,
, -
. M, ,
,
q
(R, 1999, . 51). I 1999 , ABS-CBN
E Lz III , - ,
. T ABS
(Rz, 1999, . 55).
Ownership
M
C. T
P
(P D Iq E, 2006). A PDI ,
60% P , F
, -
--- q
, (P D Iq E, 2006). H,
q ,
.
pOlitics
T
. T
. C F-H (2004),
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
15/103137
the ict environment and inrastructure
. B
, ,
j (. 1).
regulAtiOn: legAl And illegAl
A S (2003), P tv
, f, - . C
x tv
x . P
x x (F-H, 2004).
perceptiOns OF the mediA
T
P
. A
- . F , P , M P D P
2004-2010, -
j . H,
, P .
woMen, CoMMuniCation, Media, and new iCts
D A ,
j . A - A M-G, C G-N E A. W
D M, L
F G Ez M,
. M
.
A ,
H
. T ,
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
16/103138
philippines
- , N A.T 1970 1980 ,
j
M . T E D. A,
B G-B, A B, S C, M J, C D, M
PL L, J-A M, L M, M M, Nz C O,
Mz P D .
A , -
. P
,, (L B, 2001). A 1995, 18
P 80 (L B,
2001). W .
B ,
. A L M x, ,
(L B,
2001). T
,
.
woMens MoVeMents and theiR aCCess
to CoMMuniCation tooLs
woMens MoVeMent
A P
, S A . F
M . W
(S, 2006). W ,
F
- (S, 2006).
Media: doubLe edged swoRd
F
. N,
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17/103139
the ict environment and inrastructure
. T
, x, j (C, J V, 2004). A
x S R C. I
US-P V F A,
N US .
N , F S R,
, ( F S R, 2006). T
x ,
N. I . A
N . I , F j N.
KaLayaan
KALAYAAN Kalayaan ng Kababahan, Kalayaan ng Bayan, sabay nang
paglaban! J 1986 F Q S. KALAYAAN
P. KALAYAAN q
,
.W KALAYAAN x
M L,
(E, 1988).
genpeaCe
A j, GENPEACE
. C j
. GENPEACE
. GENPEACE
, -
M (M, 2005). I 2002, j
x - - . T
j x - j
(M, 2005).
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18/103140
philippines
gabRieLa (geneRaL asseMbLy binding woMen foR RefoRMs,
integRity, equaLity, LeadeRship and aCtion)
GABRIELA
j, q,
F . F 20 , GABRIELA
.
S , GABRIELA x -
(C ., 2004). GABRIELA , ,
. I , x
Pangarap a Hnagps: Mga Aw ng Kababahang Marala,
A S.
KanLungan
KANLUNGAN q
F . M,
KANLUNGAN (C .,
2004). I j. W
F ,
x, KANLUNGAN (C ., 2004).
KANLUNGAN , , . I
I, ,
. I
(C ., 2004).
woMenLead
WLEAD
-. WLEAD
. I
-. M, WLEAD
,
(C ., 2004). WLEAD
, . I
.
H, WLEAD
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the ict environment and inrastructure
(C ., 2004). A
, ,
.
the woMens Media CiRCLe foundation, inC. (woMedia)
T W M C (W) F -, -
,
, . I
P j. I , W
. I
, W ,
,
j.
E 1985 M , W
1986. I j
WomanWah. T DWIZ-AM 1990. RadyoWomanWah 1993. I 1995,
- x
U N I C P D C
(U N, 1994) U N W C W Bj
(U N, 1995), W
. F , W XYZ
M-M A C . T , W
:
1) - x , - x
; 2) XYZ-KALAKASAN C S N Lz; 3) tv
; , 4)
.
the Kababaihan Laban sa KaRahasan foundation, inC.
(KaLaKasan)
T K L S K F, I. (KALAKASAN)
- .
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
20/103142
philippines
KALAKASANS ,
, j, j, , . I , KALAKASAN
,
. KALAKASAN
, .
KALAKASAN j
- (S, 2006).
KALAKASAN, , Qz
C L Ex P P D. O P D P
F R M 1993 P D
P (S, 2006).
Cant LiVe in the CLoset, inC. (CLiC)
CLIC -, - O
1993. CLIC
(S, 2006). CLIC
- , , x. I
, CLIC , - ,
, . CLIC -
, DC (S, 2006).
wedpRo
WEDPRO
f x (T A F
P, I., 2001). I , - .
WEDPRO , .
woMens featuRe seRViCe (wfs phiLippines inC.)
T W F S
. WFS
, , , .
M, WFS
(S, 2006). WFS -
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
21/103143
the ict environment and inrastructure
400 125 j 60
(S, 2006).
LagabLab
T L G L A N-P (LAGABLAB)
, -, - , , x
(LGB)
, x
(LAGABLAB, 2006). I LGB
A-P R (APR). A , j A-
D B,
F LGB (LAGABLAB, 2006).
ang LadLad - the nationaL oRganisation of fiLipino Lesbians,
gays, bisexuaLs and tRansgendeRs (Lgbt)
A L F , , x
(A L, 2006). T , - 2007,
, ,
(A L, 2006). T ,
tv Dong Puno Le, Saks, Unang Hr
Sar,Inqurer
.
isis inteRnationaL-ManiLa
I I M -
. D , x , x
, --
(B, 2003).
H , I I M
ict x j ,
. I
,
,
.
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
22/103144
philippines
RefeRenCes
Az, M. C. . (2005). Paralegal manual on olene agans women. (M. V. G J.
M, E.). Qz C: S.
A L. (2006). Ang Ladlad: Te naonal organsaon o lesban, gay, bsexual, and
ransgender Flpnos. R N 21, 2006, www.angladlad.org.
A, B. (2002). Imagned ommunes: Reeons on he orgn and he spread o
naonalsm. P: A.
A, B. (2004). Spere o omparsons: Naonalsm, Souheas Asa and he world. Qz
C: A U P.
Az, P. C. (2004). Women n he news: A gude or meda: A gender equaly ool k. M:
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Phlppnes. Qz C: D S, U P F
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o onenonal mass meda and new ommunaon ehnologes by womens non-goernmenal
organsaons or her adoay and legal seres. A C
M C. Qz C: U P.
C R R A P R R C W.
(2005). Women o he world: Laws and poles aeng her reprodue les (Eas and Souheas
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C, Y. . (2006). When lasses open oday, many boys won be n shool. R J 16, 2006, P C I J ://.j.//2005/.
C, Y. . D, V. M. (1998). T : R
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the ict environment and inrastructure
he ensors. R S 10, 2006, P C I J
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edor sues bak. Qz C: PJR R.
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P C I J.
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H A. M, E.). S: A M C R I
C (AMIC)
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G N. R O 30, 2006, ://.q7.// x.
?=0x=1_=18142
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soal moemens: A grounded heory approah. A . M: A
M U.
E, E. U. (1993). Te polal eonomy o gender: Women and sexual dson o labour n he
Phlppnes. M: I W S -S. S C.
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N G. (2006). I D M. D 7, 2006. 10. B
C, S F P.
G, E. (2001). Knes edge: Seleed essays. Qz C: U P
P.
G S I P (2000). Phlppne Goernmen Onlne. R
O 30, 2006 ://...//GISP/.
G, S. H. (2001). Women and gender n populaon and deelopmen. Qz C:
U P C W S.
H, C. S. (2000). Neessary ons: Phlppne leraure and he naon 1946-1980. Qz
C: A M U P.
________. (2002). P .
I O. Gz (E.),Body Pols: Essays on Culural Represenaons o Womens Bodes. Qz
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I S A-P (2001).Rsks and rewards: Sores rom he Phlppne mgraon
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I P I. (2000). 1999 World Press Freedom Reew Phlppne ounry repor.
R S 10, 2006, I P I
I T I. (2002). Reen heare hsory. R O 27, 2006,
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K C F I. (2005). Fas Fas 2004. Qz C: K C
F, I.
K, B. O. P. (2006). Celebrang 120 years o Komks rom he Phlppnes: Te hsory o Komks
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(. 216-232). C: ORBICOM, UNDP-APDIP, IDRC.
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(. 188-195). C: ORBICOM, UNDP-APDIP, IDRC.
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N W, ://..//2000/0713.
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women n he normaon age. S: A M I C C.
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the ict environment and inrastructure
Phlppnes. T W B. S D P. P N. 20.
M, M. (2006). Pnoy Inerne: A Phlppne ase sudy. R J 11, 2006 I U ../2001/// PHL%20CS.
N I P 2000 (1996).
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ChapteR 8
how inteRMediaRy gRoups use CoMMuniCation tooLs
foR gRassRoots woMens eMpoweRMent in the phiLippines
Atotal o 20 j P
. T j
. T
O I S
q
. F ,
x.
I q
.
type of inteRMediaRy gRoup
B O I S (OIS)
, j (10
50% )
. O 5 (25%) . T
(15%) . T 2 (10%)
. F 1
.
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figuRe 1. type of organisation (based on beneficiaries) (n=20)
Mission/thRust of the oRganisation
T OIS
- (90%). M (80%),
- (80%),
(80%). T q (75%)
(60%). O
(15%) (5%).
figuRe 2. mission / tHrust of organisation (n=20)
WOMEN IN GENERAL
GRASSROOTS IN GENERAL
GRASSROOTS WOMEN
OTHERS
10%
15%
25%
50%
0
20
40
60
80
100
ECONOMIC
EMPOWERMENT
GOVERNANCE
GENDER
MAINSTREAMING
NETWORKING
RESEARCH
EDUCATION/
PERCENTAGESBUILDING
SERVICES
90%
80%
60%
75%80%
80%
15%
50%55%
5%
PERCENTAGES
TRAINING/
CAPACITY
BUILDING
ADVOCACY
ORGANISING/
COMMUNITY
BUILDING
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
stRategy in CoMMuniCating with gRassRoots woMen
T
, , -
(65%), -(60%), -
(55%), (40%). Ex - ,
.
figuRe 3. strategy in communicating witH grassroots women (n=20)
uses of CoMMuniCation tooLs
T , ,
. F 4 . A 20
. I,
,
x . A,
.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
EDUCATION/CONSCIOUSNESSRAISING
TRAININGCAPACITYBUILDING
ORGANISINGCOMMUNITYBUILDING
SERVICE DELIVERY
ADVOCACY/
MOBILISATIONS
ECONOMIC
EMPOWERMENT
RESEARCH/
DOCUMENT
OTHERS
NETWORKING/
LINKAGES
65%
60%
20%
35%
40%
55%
5%
14%15%P
ERCENTAGES
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figuRe 4. uses of communication tools (n=20)
M (70%).
S
:
S, , x ,
,
q .
T
xz :
Q , PP
,
.
A (65%). T
. O , I
. T j z.
A .
TRAINING
EDUCATION
ADVOCACY
ANNOUNCEMENT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
70%
65%
60%60%
PERCENTAGES
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
C (60%). T
, f:
U , ,
, , 15
, , , , ,
.
C
. S x
. A :
S, q
, , x
. F x
, , PO.
CoMMuniCation tooLs used by inteRMediaRy gRoups
T j ,
, , . T
F 5.
figuRe 5. communication tools used by intermediary groups (n=20)
0
20
40
60
80
100
90%
80%
70%70%
65%
PERCENTAGES
FILM/ VIDEO (1)
RADIO (2)
COMPUTERS (3)
THEATRE (3)
CELLULAR PHONE (4)
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T P -
, . F 18 20 (90%). S
,
. S
, . I
,
. A , . A ,
, CD .
T , . S
- ; .S G D (GAD)
V A W (VAW),
, HIV/AIDS, .
F , , ,
. F
j , , ,
:I -,
. B
. T .F
, . S -
,
. A :
F x, ,
j, . F
. A , ,
, M, x,
, M, I, ,
j .
F ,
.
B ,
. F ,
, . F ,
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
z
. I , ,
.
T ,
- : - ,
. T . T,
16 20 (80%)
.
S , . T
, . O , ,
. T
. I
,
x .
T, q
. F
, . F
, f . D f,
. H,
. A
.
D ,
. S
. B ,
. A
:
A ,
,
! E ,
,
, ! I , W ? N, I
, I I
I j .
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M
. U : O ,
, ,
.
T - ,
14 (70%). I,
PP . W PP,
.
T
:
Q , PP
,
.
T
. P
: E I, , , ,
, , W, ! T .
()
O
:
Y, () ,
T ! I ,
, , LCD, .
F , , ,
. T -
,
-x.
F 13 - (65%), . M
- , VAW. S
, .
O,
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
PEA, . W ,
.T
x. O
. A ,
.
T . I
. I ,
. I , q j
. A :
A , ,
, ,
. I ,
, .
T , -
.
T 13 (65%). A ,
q :
C, . I ,
( ). T
. I
I ,
, - :B
, .
T (SMS) x. B
x,
, . G
x
q
.
S
, x
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philippinesphilippines
f, ,
:
I , 80% f
, x 3 , ,
, x, ,
, - ,
j x, .
H,
, , :
A , , O, ? A
? T . () I ,
, . T j H ? I
OK? W ? T
. W .
S x
x. x x - . I
:
A, , , ,
T , . B ,
, x, ,
, .
L F
. I /
, (PP)
. O , f
x . T
.
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
CoMMuniCation tooLs Most aCCessibLe to gRassRoots woMen
T ,
, , /, , -
, , . T
F 6. N 17 q.
figuRe 6. communication tools most accessible to grassroots women
(n=17)
N , 71% (12 17 ). A
F, , , . A , I
, . I ,
(). W (PO)
, x
. T ,
q P: I ,
. A , ,
CELLULAR PHONE* (1)
RADIO (2)
FILM/ VIDEO (3)
MISCELLANEOUS
PAPERS (4)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
71%
53%
47%
35%
PERCENTAGES
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. E
, x. W x, j .
T ICs F
, . O
:W ,
NGO
.
T , 53% (9 17 )
. R . W , x ,
q . T ,
, . R
.
T
. S
: R , OK ! A ,
H, . W ! S
j .S ,
(47% 8 17
). W ,
:
F x, , VAW, N M S N,
, ! W ,
, f. S ,
, , , ,
.
T - , , ,
(35% 6 35 ).
E , -
, q : Y, ,
, j,
, -
.
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
CoMMuniCations tooLs Least aCCessibLe to gRassRoots woMen
A , I, , V, ,
, . T
F 7. O 17
q.
figuRe 7. communication tools least accessible to grassroots women
(n=17)
T I (76% 13 17
) , : B I ,
I. B , I.
T f I
I x. S I q
,
: , ,
M I.I ,
I . I , I
76%
47%47%
41%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
PERCENTAGE
S
INTERNET (1)
COMPUTER (2)
CELLULAR PHONE (2)
TV (3)
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.
A , . T I. T
I . T ,
: Y , I x ,
I , ,
S I,
f , 8 (47%). C
. O x, T I
, , , ,
? A -j, , , , ,
? ()
L I, q . F
:
T , x, , ,
, , . W
, , , ,
. O f ,
, . T ,
x, 30 , x .
T ,
. A
. O
:
I ,
. S I , I ? U,
, , , . T
, .
W
, ,
(47% 8 17 ). O
: B . T
. T .T
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
. H,
. I
.
S . T
, ,
:
W x . F
x, j , W ,
E-VA, x , ? O .
L . O
: T
.
S (41% 7 17 )
. T
, , : I -
, . T : U,
, .
Most effeCtiVe CoMMuniCation tooLs
W ,
, , / V. F 8
. O 17 q.
B ,
/ .
I
q q, x,
.
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figuRe 8. most effective communication tools (n=17)
R 10 17 . O
j - :
B -
, . S
.
T
, . I
,
, . G q
q :
U, ! A , S
, ! I
. F x, 2
, . E
, , !
T x
29%
RADIO (1)
CELLULAR PHONE (2)
FILM/ VIDEO (3)
TV (3)
THEATRE (4)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
59%
41%
29%
24%
PERCENTAGES
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
. O x
- j , x .
T . T
, ,
:
W , , ,
. S , ,
.
A
. O z
q . T
:
T , ,
q. S , . W
.
T 7 17
(41%). I q, ,
: x. D , SMS x
x
:
I , x
, x . I
.
T 5 17 (29%). O
. T
. I ,
: , ,
, . S
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: W ,
x, , . C,
.
F 17 (29%) . L
, - .
Reasons why a tooL is effeCtiVe
T
: (1) ; (2) - ; , (3)
. T F 9. T
. O 16 q.
figuRe 9. reasons wHy a tool is effective (n=16)
68%68%
63%
INTERACTIVE AND FAST
VISUALLY STIMULATING
WIDE REACHING COVERAGE
PERCENT
AGES
80
70
0
20
10
40
50
60
30
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
M (13 19 68%) -
. O , :
,
. P , ,
.
O : I ,
() , ? B ,
, ?O ,
I .T 13 (68%) q
. B ,
. T
, :
I , .
I ,
. W , x, ,
, S ? I , .
T ,
12 (63%). W
, . I
, . S,
. A :
H, - . I ,
. B , I
z, I , H , I
tv, , I z tv
.
Least effeCtiVe CoMMuniCation tooLs
T , 14
q, , I, .
F 10 .
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figuRe 10. least effective communication tools (n=14)
T , 4 14 (28%),
. O , ,
. T,
:
I I
, . S
. B , , I,
.
T , x, . T
.
, . W q ,
. O
.
T x :
COMPUTER (1)
INTERNET (1)
BOOKS (3)
LETTERS (3)
28%28%
21% 21%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
PERCENTAGES
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
A, x,
, CD-ROM . A,
, , .
f.
T I 4
14 (28%). T
: T I
.O I
.H, , I z. G ,
x :
L ,
, I I xz . U,
, x, I
. I
x! H
(). S x
x .
L z 3 14 (21%)
. F , . T
q
:
C, q . B
, . U , .
T , z (). C, -, .
F , ,
: Y, . B
x, j .
S , 3 14 (21%) .
F . T
x. T
x- :
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F x, P D x,
() x, . H, F ,
, j M O,
.
I
: T
. S
.
Reasons why a tooL is ineffeCtiVe
T
.
T , .
T , .
T F 11. O 16
q.
figuRe 11. reasons wHy a tool is ineffective (n=16)
DIFFICULT TO SET UP/
INFRASTRUCTURE/
LOCATION
NOT AFFORDABLE
LACK OF SKILLS/
TRAINING/ LITERACY
LIMITED COVERAGE
81%
69%
50%50%
0
20
40
60
80
100
PERCENTAGES
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
A j (13 16 81%)
f , ICs, , . T
x :
L x, I , .
A , .
H, . T . S
.
T q
. T,
:
Y, , I. T ,
! S ,
, .
T j ,
11 (69%). C
x . P q .
A , tv
x:
S x . Y -
- .
M j j
. B . A ,
, ?
F, - .
C I . E
:
T , tv,
, x . E
x , .
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T x ,
ict, . T - q , x I. T
q ,
:
B , I
. B ,
. O . S
.
F , x ,
ict, x
:
B . T x
, . I , x
.
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
annex
CoMpLete tabLe of figuRes
tabLe 1. type of organisation (n=20)
t / %
1. g 10 50%
2. g 5 25%
3. w 3 15%
4. oh 2 10%
tabLe 2. mission / tHrust of organisation (n=20)
M/ tr / %
1. t/ c- 18 90%
2. o/ c- 16 80%
3. a 16 80%
4. s 16 80%
5. nk 15 75%
6. rh 12 60%
7. e/ i- 11 55%
8. e e 10 50%
9. g 3 15%
10. g 1 5%
tabLe 3. strategy in communicating
witH beneficiaries (n=20)
sr / %
1. e/ c- 13 65%
2. t/ c- 12 60%3. o/ c- 11 55%
4. nk/ lk 8 40%
5. s 7 35%
6. a/ m 4 20%
7. e e 3 15%
8. oh 1 5%
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tabLe 4. uses of communication tools (n=20)
u / %
1. t 14 70%
2. e 13 65%
3. a 12 60%
4. a 12 60%
5. o 6 30%
6. nk 5 25%
7. rh 5 25%
8. oh 4 20%
9. s 2 10%
tabLe 5. communication tools used by
intermediary groups (n=20)
tl / %
1. f/ v 18 90%
2. r 16 80%
3. c 14 70%
4. th 14 70%
5. c ph 13 65%
6. ph 12 60%
7. m p 12 60%
8. oh 11 55%
9. ph 10 50%
10. tv 10 50%
11. fx 9 45%
12. l ph 9 45%
13. l 9 45%
14. i 8 40%15. p 8 40%
16. Leaets 8 40%
17. p/ s 7 35%
18. s 7 35%
19. bk 6 30%
20. c 6 30%
21. mz 6 30%
22. n 6 30%
23. s 6 30%
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
tabLe 5. continued
tl / %
24. o / s 5 25%
25. p m (.) 4 20%
26. sk 4 20%
27. oHp 3 15%
28. f 2 10%
29. n 2 10%
30. d 1 5%
31. p 0 0%
tabLe 6. communication tools most accessible
to grassroots women (n=17)
tl / %
1. c ph 12 71%
2. r 9 53%
3. f / v 8 47%
4. m p 6 35%
5. Leaet 5 29%
6. l 4 24%7. tv 4 24%
8. l ph 3 18%
9. mz 3 18%
10. ph 3 18%
11. s 3 18%
12. s 3 18%
13. th 3 18%
14. fx 2 12%
15. c 2 12%
16. i 2 12%
17. o/ s 2 18%
18. ph 2 12%
19. p/ s 2 12%
20. p 2 12%
21. bk 2 12%
22. c 1 6%
23. d 1 6%
24. f 1 6%
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tabLe 6. continued
tl / %
25. n 1 6%
26. n 1 6%
27. oh 1 6%
28. sk 1 6%
tabLe 7. communication tools least accessible
to grassroots women (n=17)
tl / %
1. i 13 76%
2. c 8 47%
3. c ph 8 47%
4. tv 7 41%
5. r 6 35%
6. l ph 5 29%
7. fx 2 12%
8. m p 2 12%
9. o / s 2 12%
10. p 2 12%
11. f 1 6%
12. Leaet 1 6%
13. n 1 6%
tabLe 8. most effective communication tools (n=17)
tl / %
1. r 10 59%
2. c ph 7 41%
3. f 5 29%
4. tv 5 29%
5. th 4 24%
6. fx 2 12%
7. o / s 2 12%
8. p 1 6%
9. ph 1 6%
10. m p 1 6%
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how intermediary groups use communication tools or grassroots womens empowerment
tabLe 8. continued
tl / %
11. l 1 6%
12. c 1 6%
13. oh 1 6%
tabLe 9. reasons wHy a communication tool
is considered most effective (n=19)
R / %
1. i 13 68%
2. w-h 13 68%
3. v 12 63%
4. l 11 58%
5. c 11 58%
6. c 9 47%
7. a 7 37%
8. w 6 32%
9. e / i/ l 5 26%
10. H k/ t/ l 5 26%
11. oh 3 16%
tabLe 10. least effective communication tools (n=14)
tl / %
1. c 4 28%
2. i 4 28%
3. l 3 21%
4. bk 3 21%
5. tv 2 14%
6. c ph 2 14%
7. r 1 7%
8. o / s 1 7%
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tabLe 11. reasons wHy a communication tool
is considered least effective (n=16)
R / %
1. Difcult to set up/ Infrastructure/ Location 13 81%
2. n 11 69%
3. lk k/ / 8 50%
4. l 8 50%
5. w 7 44%
6. c 6 38%
7. n 4 25%
8. d 3 19%
9. n 1 6%
10. oh 1 6%
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ChapteR 9
eMpoweRMent
Dierent groups P .T .
M
,
, . LIKAS GABRIELA, x,
.
S , ,
: (1) , (2) , (3)
, (4) , (5) , (6)
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,
. S
.
M,
. A ,
. F x, GABRIELA, IGOROA, ADF, LIHOK,
BALAOD, KANLUNGAN
how inteRMediaRy gRoups View eMpoweRMent
and CoMMuniCation tooLs in the phiLippines
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
60/103182
philippines
. S
, .I ,
: ,
, -,
.
T
.
eConoMiC independenCe
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. F x,
PROCESS q .
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. ascode
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j,
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q .
ASCODE
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:
T ,
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.
IDF
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, . IDF
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ADF - ,
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
61/103183
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
. T V
, . A, .
poLitiCaL paRtiCipation
E , :
(1) , (2) , (3)
, (4) . T
, barangays1 .
knOwing Ones legAl rights
KANLUNGAN, SALIGAN, PAAMBA, PROCESS, BALAOD, A Mj
ALIKALA
.
BALAOD
f , ,
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.BALAOD
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j.
process
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E . PROCESS, x,
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,
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
62/103184
philippines
legislAtive AdvOcAcy And reFOrm
A Mj, I ,
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I , -
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x
, , - . A Mj
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S, BALAOD -
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enFOrcing gOvernment respOnsibility
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j
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f .
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x .
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A-P, ALIKALA barangay f .
pArticipAtiOn in leA dershi p And gOvern Ance:
turning wOmen intO leAders
A , ASCODE
. I
, . P
barangay .
E ,
. F , ADF
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
63/103185
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
kagawads barangay apans2 : T
. W .BALAOD .
CoMMunity oRganising/ soLidaRity buiLding
A
. ASCODE
.
sense OF sOlidArity with Other wOmen
BALAOD x . P
j .
T, :
T . I x x
. I
j ,
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I,
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KANLUNGAN . KANLUNGAN,
B,
.G PAAMBA, GABRIELA, LIKAS
.
LIHOK ADF
,
, . GABRIELA
V A W,
:
2. L .
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
64/103186
philippines
A x
, , ,
q .
A ,
. I
[pambahay lang ako],
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IDF
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.
T , PEA .
L
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T , FORWARD, . T
j .
indiViduaL agenCy/ seLf-tRansfoRMation
T
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AwAreness
E ,
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LUMAH, x, x . S,
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.
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
65/103187
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
independence And internAlisAtiOn OF knOwledge
M ,
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IMA,
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ADF x
. F ADF,
.
LIKAS -
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(PO) . F PROCESS,
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x x .
PEA
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.
T
. T, j
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, LAGBA,
.
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
66/103188
philippines
persOnAl develOpment And leisure
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ADF j
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PEA ,
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j
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creAtivity
A PEA,
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expressiOn
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cOnFidence
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x . T
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
67/103189
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
. T
FORWARD ADF. LIHOK . LUMAD -
,
q .
P LIKAS
.
vAlues
PAAMABA
,
. T
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manana , . T,
.
the pOwer tO decide
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
68/103190
philippines
IDF -,
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j , j ,
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faMiLy tRansfoRMation
IDF
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
69/103191
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
q .
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A , IGOROA
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M, ADF
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. T x
: I .
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soCietaL tRansfoRMation
A ,
. F x,
PROCESS, , A Mj,
,
. B SALIGAN LIKAS
.
M,
. , BALAOD, A Mj, likas saligan
.
LIKAS - . T - . P
: Y
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SALIGAN, ,
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I ,
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
70/103192
philippines
.
eMpoweRing infoRMation
E F
. I [1]
, [2] , [3]
, [4] , [5] , [6] , [7]
, [8] .
Accessible or suitable to the community1.
Accurate or based on research from the ground2.
ransformative or leads to change3.
By means of interactive dialogue4.
Useful5.
Readily available6.
Based on trust7.
Updated8.
T .
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A LIKAS,
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bAcked up by reseArch
A Mj
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
71/103193
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
. E, , .
ASCODE j
. I ,
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S, CWR j
( --) , . T
.
ALIKALA , x .
ALIKALA PO
, , . A ,
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based on Constant diaLogue
PEA, ASCODE, ALIKALA AGUM
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j
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fast and updated
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q f:
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
72/103194
philippines
F x,
, , x, , , , .
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BALAOD
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understAndAble
SALIGAN x ,
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M, IMA ,
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M
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F x, ADF
: , ,
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
73/103195
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
PEA
. R , ,
. PEA
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based on tRust and RappoRt
PEA ,
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T - A Mj
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
74/103196
philippines
. E
elenoelas. P
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Mj,
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eMpoweRing tooLs
CoMMuniCation tooLs in geneRaL
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, x x
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
75/103197
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
I. T ,
x . T F .
T ,
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its in hOw the tOOls Are used
M SALIGAN
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j : I
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.
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
76/103198
philippines
tO Ols Are necessAry
IGOROA
. A ,
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tO Ols cAn supplement eAc h Ot her
LIKAS
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.
tO Ols As pAr t OF inevitAble prOgress
G ADF
q . I
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
77/103199
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
F x, , ,
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theatRe and peRfoRMing aRts
theAtre: empOwering pOt entiAl
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f .
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
78/103200
philippines
I 2. PEA ,
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;
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,
;
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x . T x . GABRIELA
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, q
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q .
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
79/103201
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
pRint Media
limitAtiOns
T x
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,
x . T, , ,
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, FORWARD.
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
80/103202
philippines
empOwering pOtentiAl
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x . I
x .
ADF
. V ,
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,
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j, .
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empOwering pOtentiAl
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j . T
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V balaod
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limitAtiOns
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
81/103203
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
. I ,
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. I j
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x . S
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
82/103204
philippines
,
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teLeCoMMuniCations (LandLine)
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
83/103205
how intermediary groups view empowerment and communication tools
B , lihok
. T x W D .
CoMputeR
limitAtiOns
T . A
ADF, -
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x , . T
. T : S I , I ?
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q
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x . M, ,
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
84/103206
philippines
inteRnet
limitAtiOns
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x . LIHOK
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CWR f I
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empOwering pOtentiAl
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RPMM I x .
A Mj I , ,
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F x, I .O I.
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
85/103207
ChapteR 10
how gRassRoots woMen View CoMMuniCation tooLs
and eMpoweRMent in the phiLippines
fgd inteRMediaRy gRoup pRofiLe
PAAMABA, 1990, P , z
. I
, ,
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PAAMABA . T
15,000 . I , PAAMABA
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
86/103208
philippines
x . T
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pataMaba fgd
patamaba (Pambansang Kalpunan ng Mga Manggagawang Impormal sa Plpnas)
P. T
x,
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x , I ,
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patamaba ,
q .
T patamaba
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D L E (dole)
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
87/103209
how grassroots women view communication tools & empowerment
-. M, , dole, ,
f , x
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
88/103210
philippines
, SEWA q .
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
89/103211
how grassroots women view communication tools & empowerment
P I. W -
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W E
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website
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
90/103212
philippines
newsLetteRs
patamaba -
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
91/103213
how grassroots women view communication tools & empowerment
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
92/103214
philippines
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7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
93/103215
how grassroots women view communication tools & empowerment
. M x, , -
, : I , .
A , --
,
. T
,
.
the iMpoRtanCe of faCe to faCe inteRaCtions
A
, ,
. P,
, , x
. H, ,
patamaba -- . T
M . T
j. T Qz C, B, L, B
Qz P,
. J,
gd , j
.
teaChing the youth ResponsibiLity
J patamaba ,
. S x , q
.
W j,
. W
. T . M
. W . W
. B .
I .
S : W
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philippines
. F
J, :
I . P
. W
, .
eMpoweRMent is Change
patamaba
. T -
, . T
. W , j
, j, j ,
, , , .
T gd patamaba
q, . Y
, . W
, patamaba
. A B,
gd patamaba :
W ,
. S . B . S
, K H
. S
. S .
B : B,
. N . F ,
. T
, .
E
,
. T ,
, x
:
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
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how grassroots women view communication tools & empowerment
F . T , . A
. T . I ,
, -
z ,
. I ,
. T x .
B q patamaba , ,
, .L, . I
, , I -
x , .
philippines
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96/103218
PHILIPPINES
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97/103219
ChapteR 11
Content synthesis
A 20 j P
. Mj (50%)
25% . F (15%)
, 10%
. M
- (90%), (80%),
- (80%), (80%).
T q
(75%) , (60%). C
,
, , - (65%), -
(60%), - (55%), (40%). T
, ,
. A,
, .
T P - (90%)
. T
, ,
, . T
phiLippines synthesis
7/27/2019 B PHILIPPINES.pdf
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philippines
, , ,
. F j , , ,
. F
,
. T (80%), (70%), (70%)
(65%).
T
(71%), / (53%), (47%),
- (35%). N ,
F , . T
. R
. T - , , ,
f . A
, I (76%), (47%), V (47%),
, (41%), . T ,
x. T
. S
. T
, .
T (59%),
(49%), / (29%) V (29%). R
, ,
. T
q, ,
. T / V
. I ,
. T
(68%), -
(68%), (63%).
philippines
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T (28%),
I (28%), (21%) (21%). T I
. T , x,
. T
. , . L
j
. T
q . B
.
theMatiC synthesis
Sx
P: [1] , [2] , [3]
-, [4] -, [5]
, [6] .
Economic independence ,
. E
-.
Political participation
. A -
, - ,
- .
Community-organising and solidarity-building P
, , . I
j . S
, , .
Individual agency or self-transformation : (1)
-/ (.., ), (2)
(.., ), (3) x (..,
), (4) /, (5) (.., ,
221
synthesis
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philippines
, ), (6) / (..,
-).Family transformation q
. I q
. M
.
F, societal transformation
P.
when is infoRMation eMpoweRing?
E F . I [1]
, [2] , [3]
, [4] ; [5] , [6] , [7]
, [8] .
when aRe CoMMuniCation tooLs eMpoweRing?
Communication ools In General. A
P ,
IC, . C
.
. S,
, , , . O
, , IC,
, .., , . A
, IC x / , / , /
, . I ,
, .
T raditional Communicationools :
Oral Communication - (.., , )
, .
Teatre and Performing Arts -
; , ,
, ;
, ,
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synthesis
x (
, theatre, songs, and dance ).Print Media - ;
;
( , newspapers and
publications ).
Film/Video - / ;
, ;
- j
.
elevision (V)
- ; , .
Radio - , ,
; .
elecommunications , f
, .
T New ICs :
Cellphone - ,
, q;
;
.
Computer - f
( ) ; ,
q;
- .
Internet - I
; ,
I x ; ;
IC .
F P, oral communication
.
Teatre and performing arts
. Film
. V .
Radio
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philippines
. Print media traditional communication
tools. L, telecommunications .
A new ICs, cellphone
. T cellphone
. T computerand Internet
f . I
computer Internet
. H, computerand Internet
. I , Internet q x
. I , traditional communication tools new ICs, cellphone, P.
fgd synthesis
D FGD PAAMABA (N N I W)
IC,
-- ,
- .
,
E . T
. T
.
A ,
IC
. I
x ,
.
N IC j , , . A
IC,
. T q
IC.
E . I
. A ,
q . I
q