BA 1-28

1. Why does the Eastern and Western Roman Empire’s beliefs and religion change?

2. What leads to the schism (separation) of the Christian church?

3. What is excommunication?

SSWH4THE STUDENT WILL ANALYZE THE

IMPORTANCE OF THE BYZANTINE AND MONGOL EMPIRES BETWEEN 450 CE

AND 1500 CE.Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the

Schism.

Fall of Byzantine Empire & the Russian Empire

Creation of Russia

Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches compete for converts

9th century: Orthodox missionaries take Christianity to the Slavs Slavs: group that inhabit forests north of the Black

Sea

Missionaries develop Cyrillic alphabet so Slavs can read the Bible

Rule of Law

The Twelve Tables and Justinian’s Code influence the idea that law rules the land not individuals

Justinian wanted to make sure that the emperors maintained order not increased their own power

Review

Muslims conquered Constantinople which increased the control of the Ottoman Empire

The Catholic church’s highest office is the pope where as the Orthodox church’s highest office is the patriarch who is still under the control of the emperor

Great Schism is the split between Catholic and Orthodox church

Decline of Byzantine Empire

Slavs

Tribes of farmers and traders

Settle forests around Ural Mountains near the Black & Baltic Seas

Tribes spoke similar languages

Slavs continued

No political unity

Traded with Byzantine EmpireAbsorbed Byzantine’s Greek customs

Blending of Byzantine’s customs creates Russian culture

Rus

800’s: small bands of Swedish Vikings in Slavic landKnown as Rus

Name Russia comes from these people

Rus settle among Slavs

Vikings of europe

Kiev City

Converts to Christianity Adopts ideas from Byzantine Empire

Link between church & state

3 Reasons Kiev rises in power:

1. Russia’s 1st important unified territory2. Expands its territory

Into Poland & north to the Baltic Sea

3. Develops legal code

3 Reasons for Kiev’s Decline

1. Power in the hands of many

2. Leaders fighting each other for territory

3. The Crusades Fighting Muslims & Christians Disrupts Kiev’s trade

Mongol Invasions of Kiev

Middle 1200’s

Mongols: ferocious group of horsemen from Central Asia

First led by Genghis KhanMost feared warrior of all time

Mongol Invasions of Kiev continued

Savage killing & burning won them a reputation for ruthless behavior

Empire stretched from Yellow Sea to Baltic Sea and from the Himalayas to northern Russia at its fullest extent

1240: Genghis Khan’s grandson, Batu Khan attacks & demolishes Kiev Citizens were slaughtered

Mongols rule Russia for 200 years Allow for safe travel due to strict security

Mongol Rule of Russia

Empire’s official name: “Khanate of the Golden Horde”

Khanate: Mongol word for kingdom Golden: gold was royal color of Mongols Horde: Mongol word for camp

Russians could follow all their customs, as long as they made no attempt to rebel Allowed religious freedom

Mongol Rule continued

Mongols 2 demands from Russia:

1. Absolute obedience2. Massive amounts of tribute

(payments)

Mongol rule isolates RussiaLittle access to new ideas &

inventions Russia will stay 200 years behind the rest of Europe

Russia’s Independence

City of Moscow founded in 1100’sVillage protected by a log wall

City strategically located near 3 major rivers:Rivers Volga, Dnieper, Don

Control of 3 rivers could challenge Mongol rule

Ivan I

Ivan I

Prince of Moscow

Helps put down Russian revolt against MongolsGains power with Mongols

Mongols appoint him tax collector of all Russian lands Gains Mongols trust and able to rule

Ivan I continued

Convinces Patriarch of Kiev to move to MoscowGives Moscow more prestige and

powerful ally with church

Plan allows successors to gain more territory from Mongols

Ivan III

Ivan III

Russian state becomes an empire under Ivan III

Upon becoming prince of Moscow, Ivan III openly challenges Mongol rule

Calls himself czar Czar: Russian for Caesar

Wants to make Russia the Third Rome

Ivan III continued

1480: Ivan III makes a final break with Mongols

Refuses to pay his rulers tribute

Russian and Mongol armies face off

Neither side attacks each other Stare at each other from other side of river

Russians claim this standoff as their freedom from Mongol rule

EA 1/28

What is Rule of Law?Who leads the Catholic church?Who leads the Orthodox church?What leader helped pass laws that protected

the rights of women in the Byzantine Empire?What event led to greater unity within the

Russian Orthodox Church?

Opinion Writing

½ pageDo you feel that Mongol rule was beneficial

to Russia? Why or why not?Explain your reasoning