Bab I Offshore Technology - General Review Rev1

8/12/2019 Bab I Offshore Technology - General Review Rev1

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Oleh:Oleh:

Ir. Murdjito, MSc.EngIr. Murdjito, MSc.Eng

Dosen Jurusan Teknik KelautanFakultas Teknologi Kelautan

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya

Kepala Laboratorium Operasi iset

! "eran#angan JTK FTK$ITS Surabaya

TEKNOLOGITEKNOLOGIANJUNGAN LEPAS PANTAIANJUNGAN LEPAS PANTAI


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OutlineOutline

"enanganan %inyak&'as i Lepas "antai


Jenis an Fungsi n*ungan Lepas "antai

Jenis an Fungsi n*ungan Lepas "antai

"eran#angan n*ungan Lepas "antai


"engantar Inustri Lepas "antai

"engantar Inustri Lepas "antai

"roses Fabrikasi ! Instalasi

"roses Fabrikasi ! Instalasi

Ke#elakaan n*ungan Lepas "antai



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PengantarPengantar

Industri Lepas PantaiIndustri Lepas Pantai

19471947,, Anjungan lepas pantai (oAnjungan lepas pantai (offshoreffshore

structurestructure) pertama diinstal di Teluk Meksiko.) pertama diinstal di Teluk Meksiko.++JacketJacket,-.. ton/,-.. ton/ water depthwater depth0 1 m20 1 m2

197197,, Kenaikan harga minyak/gasKenaikan harga minyak/gasmendorong pertumbuhan industrimendorong pertumbuhan industri offshoreoffshore..

+laut yang lebih alam ! semakin ganas2+laut yang lebih alam ! semakin ganas2


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%emastikan:

Jumlah #aangan minyak&gas

Komposisi hirokarbonKonisi lingkungan operasi

%emastikan:

Jumlah #aangan minyak&gasKomposisi hirokarbonKonisi lingkungan operasi

"eran#angan ! pembangunan:

3asilitas prouksi

struktur penukung

"eran#angan ! pembangunan:

3asilitas prouksi

struktur penukung

%eliputi:

"engangkatan minyak&gas"emisahan ari air ! lumpur

Transportasi ke arat

%eliputi:

"engangkatan minyak&gas"emisahan ari air ! lumpur

Transportasi ke arat

Proses Ekplorasi dan EkploitasiProses Ekplorasi dan Ekploitasi

Minyak/Gas di Lepas PantaiMinyak/Gas di Lepas Pantai

Tahap "rakiraanTahap "rakiraan

((AppraisalAppraisal))

Tahap "engembanganTahap "engembangan

((DevelopmentDevelopment))

Tahap "rouksiTahap "rouksi

((ProductionProduction))


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Faktor-Faktor yang BerpengaruhFaktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh

pada Industri Lepas Pantaipada Industri Lepas Pantai

"ermintaan energi

4arga minyak&gas

"erkembangan ekonomi

Tingkat in5estasi

Tingkat suku bunga (tax regimes)

"eranan energi alternati3 selain minyak&gas "erkembangan ilmu pengetahuan ! teknologi

Stabilitas politik

"erkembangan sosial masyarakat


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6aangan %inyak 7umi Dunia


7/1088olume "enemuan %inyak 7umi i Dunia


8/108"erkemban an 4ar a %in ak ! kti5itas Drillin

9ears

Oil "ri#es SD&bbl #ti5e igs

SD igs


9/108"rouksi %inyak 7umi Dunia


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Peranan Intitusi NasionalPeranan Intitusi Nasional

dan Internasionaldan Internasional

"emilik&O;ner

"emakai&Operator

Kontraktor&'alangan

7iro Klasi3ikasi

Institusi Internasional

lnstitusi Nasional Organisasi "ro3esi

Institusi hli (Waranty Surveyor)


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OutlineOutline



Jenis an Fungsi n*ungan Lepas "antaiJenis an Fungsi n*ungan Lepas "antai



"engantar Inustri Lepas "antai"engantar Inustri Lepas "antai

"roses Fabrikasi ! Instalasi"roses Fabrikasi ! Instalasi




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Proses PenangananProses Penanganan

Minyak/Gas di Lepas PantaiMinyak/Gas di Lepas Pantai

!Kanungan %inyak&'as (Reservoir)

!Sistem "rouksi an "enanganan

(Production and TreatmentSystem)

!Sistem Transport&


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Reservoir !"Reservoir !"

"otongan Lapisan 7atuan paa eser5oir


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Reservoir #"Reservoir #"

Konsep "engembangan eser5oir

engan Ja#k$p "lat3orm

'as ein*e#tion=ater In*e#tion

8ert> ! 4or> =ell


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Reservoir $"Reservoir $"

9ears

Oil "rou#tion (7O"D)

'as "rou#tion (%S6FD)

(Thousans)

"ro3il "rouksi eser5oir


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Layout Penge%&angan Oil Field

Produ'tion and (reat%ent )yste% !"Produ'tion and (reat%ent )yste% !"


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Produ'tion and (reat%ent )yste% #"Produ'tion and (reat%ent )yste% #"

Lay-out *n+ungan Lepas Pantai )hell"


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Produ'tion and (reat%ent )yste% $"Produ'tion and (reat%ent )yste% $"

Floating Produ'tion )yste%


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"engembangan Lapangan %igas i Laut Dalam

Produ'tion and (reat%ent )yste% ,"Produ'tion and (reat%ent )yste% ,"


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Diagram lir


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Diagram lir "emrosesan %inyak %entah


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Diagram lir "emisahan ir$%inyak$'as


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Skema Sistem "engaman paa Sumur 'as


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Sistem Transportasi %inyak&'asSistem Transportasi %inyak&'as

Tanker engan 7uoy SL%

(Single n#hor Leg %ooring)


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OutlineOutline











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Jenis dan FungsiJenis dan Fungsi

Anjungan Lepas PantaiAnjungan Lepas Pantai

Mampu menukungbangunan atas dan

fasilitasnya bebas ari air lautselama

aktu operasi dengan aman

Menahan beban 5ertikalakibat bebanfungsional, berat struktur dan fasilitas

pendukungMenahan beban horiAontaldan momen

lenturakibat beban lingkungan (angin,gelombang, arus, dll).

"ung#i"ung#i

P$r$%&t&rP$r$%&t&r


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enis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinyaenis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinya!"!"

Ja#ket "lat3ormJa#ket "lat3orm

Struktur Terpan#ang (Fixed Structure)$,


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enis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinyaenis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinya!"!"

Tripo "lat3orm%onopo "lat3orm

Struktur Terpan#ang (Fixed Structure)$-


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!A"K#T $%AT&'M!A"K#T $%AT&'M

pa*e framed stru*ture ith tubular members

supported on piled foundations.

+sed for moderate ater depths up to -- M.

!a*kets proides prote*tie layer around the pipes.

Typi*al offshore stru*ture ill hae a de*k

stru*ture *ontaining a Main e*k, a "ellar e*k,

and a 0elide*k, et*.

The de*k stru*ture is supported by de*k legs*onne*ted to the top of the piles. The piles e1tend

from aboe the Mean %o 2ater


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LanjutanLanjutan

+nderater, the piles are *ontained inside the legs

of a 3ja*ket4 stru*ture hi*h seres as bra*ing forthe piles against lateral loads.

The ja*ket also seres as a template for the initial

driing of the piles. (The piles are drien through

the inside of the legs of the ja*ket stru*ture).

5atural period (usually 6.7 se*ond) is kept belo

ae period (8 to 6- se*onds) to aoid

amplifi*ation of ae loads. 97: of offshore platforms around the orld are

!a*ket supported.


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T;$# '& $%AT&'M (&


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T;$# '& $%AT&'M (&


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enis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinyaenis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinya#"#"

Semi SubmersibleJa#k p "lat3orm

Struktur Terapung (o!ile "##shore $nits)$,

i * + B d . t k i #"#"


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enis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinyaenis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinya#"#"

Drilling Ship

Struktur Terapung (o!ile "##shore $nits)$-


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#M ue to small ater plane area , they are eight

sensitie. &lood arning systems are reFuired

to be inDpla*e.

> Topside fa*ilities , no. of risers et*. hae to

fi1ed at preDdesign stage.

> +sed for +ltra deep ater.

> emiDsubmersibles are held in pla*e by

an*hors *onne*ted to a *atenary mooring

system.

> "olumn pontoon jun*tions and bra*ing attra*t

large loads.

> ue to possibility of fatigue *ra*king of bra*es

, periodi* inspe*tion/ maintenan*e is

prereFuisite


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0 Ship$shape plat3orms are #alle Floating

"rou#tion/ Storage an O33loaing (F"SO)3a#ilities>

> F"SOs ha5e integral oil storage #apabilityinsie their hull> This a5ois a long ane@pensi5e pipeline to shore>

> 6an e@plore in remote an eep ;ater analso in marginal ;ells/ ;here builing 3i@eplat3orm an piping is te#hni#ally ane#onomi#ally not 3easible

> F"SOs are hel in position o5er thereser5oir at a Single "oint %ooring (S"%)>The 5essel is able to ;eather5ane aroun themooring point so that it al;ays 3a#es intothe pre5ailing ;eather>

i * + B d . k i $"


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enis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinyaenis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinya$"$"

rti#ulate To;erTension Leg "lat3orm

Struktur Lentur (%ompliant Plat#orm)$,

i * + B d . t k i "$"


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enis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinyaenis *n+ungan Berdasar .onstruksinya$"$"

S" "lat3orm'uye To;er

Struktur Lentur (%ompliant Plat#orm)$-


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Tension %eg $latform (T%$)Tension %eg $latform (T%$)

Tension Leg Platforms (TLPs) are floating facilities that are tied down

to the seabed b !ertical steel tubes called tethers"

This characteristic ma#es the structure !er rigid in the !ertical

direction and !er fle$ible in the hori%ontal plane" The !ertical rigidit

helps to tie in wells for production& while& the hori%ontal compliance

ma#es the platform insensiti!e to the primar effect of wa!es"

'a!e large columns and Pontoons and a fairl deep draught"

TLP has e$cess buoanc which #eeps tethers in tension" Topside

facilities & no" of risers etc" ha!e to fi$ed at predesign stage"

sed for deep water up to *+,, -

.t has no integral storage"

.t is sensiti!e to topside load/draught !ariations as tether tensions are

affected"


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$A$A> "on*ept of a large diameter single erti*al

*ylinder supporting de*k.> These are a ery ne and emerging *on*eptC the

first spar platform,Neptune, as installed off

the +A *oast in 899G.

> par platforms hae taut *atenary moorings and

deep draught, hen*e heae natural period isabout @- se*onds.

> +sed for +ltra deep ater depth of 6@-- M.

> The *enter of buoyan*y is *onsiderably aboe

*enter of graity , making par Fuite stable.

> ue to spa*e restri*tions in the *ore, number of

risers has to be predetermined.


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O33shore Stru#ture an FungsinyaO33shore Stru#ture an Fungsinya


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$%AT&'M $AT$%AT&'M $AT T'$&a*ilities are tailored to a*hieeeight and spa*e saing

> "rane for eFuipment handling

> 0elipad


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$%AT&'M $AT$%AT&'M $AT

M'' %ength of rope is more

yntheti* fiber rope

> Taut shape due to substantial

less eight than steel ropes.

> %ess rope length reFuired

> "orrosion free

$%AT&'M $AT


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$ipes used for produ*tion, drilling,

and e1port of 'il and as from

eabed.

> iser system is a key *omponent

for offshore drilling or floating

produ*tion proje*ts.

> The *ost and te*hni*al *hallenges

of the riser system in*rease

signifi*antly ith ater depth.

> esign of riser system depends on

filed layout, essel interfa*es,

fluid properties and enironmental

*ondition.

$%AT&'M $AT


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emains in tension due to self eight

> $rofiles are designed to redu*e load on

topside. Types of risers

igid

&le1ible D Allos essel motion dueto ae loading and *ompensates

heae motion

> imple "atenary risersC &le1ible

pipe is freely suspended

beteen surfa*e essel and theseabed.

> 'ther *atenary ariants possible


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Ke#elakaan n*ungan Lepas "antaiKe#elakaan n*ungan Lepas "antai

0


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"enanganan %inyak&'as i Lepas "antai"enanganan %inyak&'as i Lepas "antai


"eran#angan n*ungan Lepas "antai"eran#angan n*ungan Lepas "antai





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DECK CONSTRUCTION METHODDECK CONSTRUCTION METHOD


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De#k Fabri#ation Step (,)


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Setting De#k %ain 7eam i tas Support

p ( )

De#k Fabri#ation Step (-)


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Instalasi De#k %ain "lates

p ( )

De#k Fabri#ation Step (?)


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De#k Sta#king (,)

p ( )

De#k Fabri#ation Step (B)


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De#k Sta#king (-)

p ( )

De#k Loaout (,)


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"ersiapan

( )

De#k Loaout (-)


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7ergerak (,)

( )

De#k Loaout (?)


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7ergerak (-)

( )

De#k Loaout (B)


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7ergerak (?)

De#k Loaout (C)


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7arge 7allasting

De#k Loaout (1)


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Loaout Step$,

De#k Loaout ()


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Loaout Step$-

De#k Loaout (E)


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Loaout Step$?

De#k Loaout ()


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Loaout Step$B (Final)


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De#k Sea3asteningDe#k Sea3astening


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JACKET CONSTRUCTIONJACKET CONSTRUCTION

METHODMETHOD


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Ja#ket Fabri#ation Step (,)


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"ersiapan Ja#ket Leg Support

Ja#ket Fabri#ation Step (-)


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Setting Ja#ket Leg i atas Support

Ja#ket Fabri#ation Step (?)


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"erakitan Ja#ket "anel


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Setting Ja#ket "anel


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Setting Ja#ket Leg

Ja#ket Fabri#ation Step (E)


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Setting Ja#ket Sie "anel

Ja#ket Loaout (,)


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"ersiapan paa Ski =ay

Ja#ket Loaout (-)


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Ja#ket Ditarik ke tas 7arge (,)

Ja#ket Loaout (?)


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Ja#ket Ditarik ke tas 7arge (-)

Ja#ket Loaout (B)


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Ja#ket Ditarik ke tas 7arge (?)

Ja#ket Loaout (C)


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Siap ntuk Sea3astening


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Ja#ket Sea3astening


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Instalasi Ja#ket


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Instalasi De#k


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Iiih G Sereeem G


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kibat 7lo;out paa Ja#ket "lat3orm

Lihat G %egah sekali/ ya G


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kibat Kesalahan paa

Stabilitas Kapal "engangkut (,)

9a G 7erlayarlah ia G Tapi H


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kibat Kesalahan paa

Stabilitas Kapal "engangkut (-)

Lho G Kok terguling/ sihH


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kibat Kesalahan paa

Stabilitas Kapal "engangkut (?)

Sebentar lagi aa ke#elakaan


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lagi/ lhoH


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=ahH "en#emaran G


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=ahH "en#emaran G


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9aH 4abis/ eh G


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Bab I Offshore Technology - General Review Rev1