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7/21/2019 Bab II Studi Kasus ku
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AMA KK
FMOKMD RW\UMFM
1.= Fgsu`ktmd Ag`momr1.=.= Fndsgp Fgsu`ktmd Ag`momr
Cgdurut \urym (=;:;? ;1), eghkdksk fgsu`ktmd ag`momr skswm mem`mi sumtu
fndeksk ymdj ektmdemk n`gi memdym imcamtmd-imcamtmd tgrtgdtu em`mc rmdjfm
cgdlmpmk imsk` ag`momr, sgikdjjm prgstmsk ag`momrdym tkemf sgsumk egdjmd pntgdsk
ymdj ekck`kfkdym. @gaki `mdout `mjk ekfmtmfmd, amiwm skswm ymdj ekmdjjmp
cgdjm`mck fgsu`ktmd ag`momr mem`mi skswm ymdj tkemf empmt cgdjkfutk
pg`momrmddym egdjmd `mdlmr mtmu jmjm` em`mc cgdlmpmk tuoumd-tuoumd ag`momrdym.
Cu`ymek (12=2? 8-:) fgsu`ktmd ag`momr cgcpudymk pgdjgrtkmd ymdj `ums
emd fgem`mcmddym sgamjmk agrkfut?
=. @gmrdkdj Eksnregr (Fgtgrjmdtudjmd Ag`momr) mem`mi fgmemmd ek cmdm prnsgsag`momr sgsgnrmdj tgrjmdjju fmrgdm tkcau`dym rgspnds ymdj agrtgdtmdjmd.
Rmem emsmrdym nrmdj ymdj cgdjm`mck jmdjjumd ag`momr, prgstmsk ag`momrdym
tkemf tgrjmdjju, mfmd tgtmpk prnsgs ag`momrdym ymdj tgrjmdjju mtmu tgrimcamt
n`gi memdym rgspnds-rgspnds ymdj agrtgdtmdjmd egdjmd imsk` ag`momr ymdj
eklmpmk mfmd rgdemi emrk pntgdsk ymdj ekck`kfk.
1. @gmrdkdj Eksmak`ktkgs (fgtkemfcmcpumd ag`momr) mem`mi fgtkemfcmcpumdsgsgnrmdj curke ymdj cgdjmlu fgpmem jgom`m ekcmdm curke tkemf cmcpu
ag`momr (cgdjikdemrk ag`momr), sgikdjjm imsk` ag`momrdym ekamwmi pntgdsk
kdtg`gftum`dym.
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1.=.
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=. Fndeksk-fndeksk hkskn`njks ymdj pgrcmdgdm. Kdtg`gjgdsk ymdj tgramtms
Fgcmcpumd kdtg`gftum` skswm furmdj ymdj ekpgr`ufmd udtuf empmt
cgdjumsmk fndsgp-fndsgp npgrmsk iktudj ak`mdjmd.
a. Imcamtmd pgdj`kimtmd emd pgdegdjmrmdCudjfkd cgck`kfk pgdj`kimtmd emd pgdegdjmrmd ymdj furmdj amkf,
sgikdjjm sm`mi cgdmhskrfmd amimd amlmmd emd tkemf empmt cgdegdjmr
sgcum ymdj ektgrmdjfmd n`gi juru.
l. Cmsm`mi pgrsgpskCmsm`mi kdk tgromek fgtkfm rmdjsmdjmd pgdj`kimtmd mtmu pgdegdjmrmd
smcpmk pmem ntmfdym tgrjmdjju n`gi cgfmdkscg pgdmhskrmd mtmu pgrsgpsk
sgikdjjm skswm mfmd sm`mi cgdmhskrfmd kdhnrcmsk ymdj ekpgrn`gi.
1. Fndeksk-fndeksk hkskn`njks tgcpnrgrm. Cmsm`mi cmfmdmd
Fgtkfm pgcag`momrmd agr`mdjsudj, skswm sgrkdj cg`mcud emd
cgdudeuffmd fgpm`mdym. Im` ktu empmt eksgamafmd n`gi vktmckd, prntgkd,
ckdgrm` mtmu suastmdsk `mkd ymdj ekpgr`ufmd tkemf tgrpgduik.
a.Fglmdeumd
Cudjfkdpgrdmi cgdlnam lmdeu mtmu ckducmd fgrms, im` ktu sgrkdj fm`k
cgcaumt skswm tkemf empmt cgcusmtfmd pgrimtkmddym pmem pgcag`momrmd.
l. Fg`g`mimdCudjfkd tgr`m`u amdymf fgjkmtmd mtmu furmdj tkeur pmem cm`mc imrk.
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Egdjmd egckfkmd, udtuf cgdjgtmiuk fgsu`ktmd ag`momr skswm em`mc
cg`mfufmd npgrmsk iktudj ak`mdjmd au`mt, pgr`u ekpgrimtkfmd hmftnr-hmftnr emrk
em`mc ekrk skswm cmupud emrk `umr ekrk skswm tgrsgaut.
1.1 Imfkfmt CmtgcmtkfmEghkdksk mtmu udjfmpmd cgdjgdmk pgdjgrtkmd cmtgcmtkfm ymdj
ekfgcufmfmd n`gi pmrm pmfmr cmtgcmtkfm smdjmt agrmjmc. \glmrm gtkcn`njks
cmtgcmtkfm agrmrtk k`cu pgdjgtmiumd ymdj ekpgrn`gi egdjmd agrdm`mr. Iuenon
(1227? =2
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Agremsmrfmd eghkdksk-eghkdksk cgdjgdmk pgdjgrtkmd cmtgcmtkfm tgrsgaut,
empmt ekfmtmfmd amiwm tkemf mem eghkdksk tudjjm` tgdtmdj cmtgcmtkfm ymdj
eksgpmfmtk. N`gi fmrgdm ktu udtuf cgdjgtmiuk emd cgcmimck cmtgcmtkfm empmt
ekpg`momrk cg`m`uk lkrk-lkrkdym mtmu fmrmftgrkstkfdym. Fmrmftgrkstkf cmtgcmtkfm
sglmrm ucuc cgdurut \ngeomek (1222? =
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1.
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Ak`mdjmd ymdj ekjudmfmd udtuf cgdmdemfmd tktkf-tktkf em`mc jmrks
ak`mdjmd ekmtms eksgaut ak`mdjmd au`mt (dntmskdym _ mtmu A). Ak`mdjmd au`mt agrksk
ak`mdjmd ms`k, dgjmtkhdym, emd dn`. Ak`mdjmd au`mt empmt ektu`ksfmd sgamjmk agrkfut?
{ }
Ikcpudmd ak`mdjmd-ak`mdjmd pmem jmrks ak`mdjmd mem`mi agrurutmd.
\gcmfkd fg fkrk dk`mk ak`mdjmd sgcmfkd agrfurmdj emd sgcmfkd fg fmdmd dk`mk
ak`mdjmd sgcmfkd cgdkdjfmt. \gtkmp tktkf pmem jmrks ak`mdjmd agriuaudjmd egdjmd
ak`mdjmd rgm`. Ugrempmt amdymf tktkf pmem jmrks ak`mdjmd sg`mkd emrkpmem ak`mdjmd
au`mt.
Dk`mk cut`mf emrk ak`djmd cgdudouffmd omrmf emrk tktkf ak`mdjmd fg tktkf
msm` (dn`) pmem jmrks ak`mdjmd. Fmrgdm omrmf sg`m`u agrdk`mk pnsktkh (mtmu dn`), cmfm
dk`mk cut`mf emrk ak`mdjmd tkemf pgrdmi dgjmtkh.
Jmcamr 1. K`ustrmsk dk`mk cut`mf
Dk`mk cut`mf 7 mem`mi 7. Dk`mk cut`mf 7 oujm 7. \gamjmk fndsgfugdsk emrk
eghkdksk, dk`mk cut`mf emrk ak`mdjmd pnsktkh mtmu dn` mem`mi ak`mdjmd ktu sgdekrk.
Dk`mk cut`mf ak`mdjmd dgjmtkh mem`mi `mwmddym. Dk`mk cut`mf emrk sgaumi ak`mdjmd
tkemf tgrjmdtudj emrk fgeueufmd ak`mdjmd amkf ek fmdmd mtmu ek fkrk emrk tktkf msm`
(dn`), tmpk agrjmdtudj emrk omrmf fg tktkf msm` (dn`). Em`mc ekcan` empmt ektu`ks
|| emd ||
2 7-7
7 udkt 7 udkt
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1.5 Npgrmsk Iktudj Ak`mdjmd Au`mt1.5.= Npgrmsk Rgdouc`mimd emd Rgdjurmdjmd Rmem Ak`mdjmd Au`mt
Rrkdskp-prkdskp fgrom pgdjjudmmd jmrks ak`mdjmd em`mc cgdjnpgrmskfmd
ak`mdjmd au`mt pmem pgdouc`mimd emd pgdjurmdjmd ymktu sgamjmk agrkfut?
=. \gtkmp mfmd cg`mfufmd pgdjgrommd, pnsksk mwm` mftkvktms pgdjgrommd imrussg`m`u ekcu`mk emrk tktkf dn`.
1. Okfm ak`mdjmd pgrtmcm em`mc sumtu npgrmsk iktudj agrtmdem pnsktkh, cmfmuoudj pmdmi ekmrmifmd fg ak`mdjmd pnsktkh emd agrjgrmf cmou egdjmd sfm`m
ymdj agsmrdym smcm egdjmd ak`mdjmd pgrtmcm sgemdjfmd pmdjfm` mdmf
pmdmidym pmem ak`mdjmd dgjmtkhdym. \gam`kfdym okfm ak`mdjmd pgrtmcmdym
agrtmdem dgjmtkh, cmfm uoudj mdmf pmdmidym ekmrmifmd fg ak`mdjmd dgjmtkh
emd jgrmffmd egdjmd sfm`m ymdj agsmrdym smcm egdjmd egdjmd ak`mdjmd
pgrtmcm sgemdjfmd pmdjfm` mdmf pmdmidym fg ak`mdjmd pnsktkh.
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cmfm agrjgrmf dudeur egdjmd uoudj mdmf pmdmi cgdjimemp fg ak`mdjmd
pnskkh emd sgam`kfdym mpmak`m ak`mdjmd pgdjurmdjdym cgrupmfmd ak`mdjmd
dgjmtkh, cmfm agrjgrmf cudeur egdjmd uoudj mdmf pmdmi cgdjimemp fg
ak`mdjmd dgjmtkh (Imcemdk emd @mem, 12=2? 9;).
Lndtni pgdjjudmmd jmrks ak`mdjmd udtuf sgamjmk m`mt amdtu udtuf
cg`mfufmd npgrmsk iktudj pgdouc`mimd emd pgdjurmdjmd ak`mdjmd au`mt.
m. =. Rnsksk mwm` pgdjgrommd pmem ak`mdjmd dn`.
1. Agrjgrmf fg ak`mdjmd pnsktkh egdjmd sfm`m 1.
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a. ( =. Rnsksk mwm` pgdjgrommd pmem ak`mdjmd dn`.
1. Agrjgrmf fg ak`mdjmd pnsktkh egdjmd sfm`m 1.
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7. Omek, ( \g`mkd cgdjjudmfmd jmrks ak`mdjmd pgdouc`mimd empmt eksg`gsmkfmd
egdjmd cgdjjudmfmd prkdskp agrkfut?
=. Kh twn kdtgjgrs imvg tig smcg skjd, mee tigkr masn`utg vm`ugs. Jkvg tig rgsu`ttig skjd nh tig nrkjdm` kdtgjgrs (Iutliksnd, gt m`, 122:? =
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1=
1. \gikdjjm || ||
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=. \khmt tgrtutupIkcpudmd ak`mdjmd au`mt tgrtutup tgrimemp npgrmsk pgdouc`mimd mrtkdym,
sgtkmp ouc`mi sgamrmdj ak`mdjmd au`mt cgrupmfmd ak`mdjmd au`mt.
1. \khmt fncutmtkhWdtuf sgamrmdj ak`mdjmd emd agr`mfu amiwm
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1. Fmrgdm ak`mdjmd pgdjm`k (ymktu
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e. ( =. Ak`mdjmd ymdj ekfm`k emd ak`mdjmd pgdjm`k fgeumdym agrdk`mk dgjmtkh.1. \gikdjjm imsk` emrk (agrdk`mk pnsktkh.
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Cksm`fmd egdjmd emd ak`mdjmd au`mt sgamrmdj ekcmdm eksgaut
ak`mdjmd ymdj mfmd ekamjk emd ak`mdjmd pgcamjk.
=. \gtkmp mfmd cg`mfufmd pgdjgrommd, pnsksk mwm` mftkvktms pgdjgrommd imrussg`m`u ekcu`mk emrk tktkf dn`.
1. Okfm ak`mdjmd pgcamjkdym cgrupmfmd ak`mdjmd pnsktkh ( ) cmfm mrmi mdmfpmdmi cgdjimemp fg mrmi ak`mdjmd pnsktkh, sgam`kfdym okfm ak`mdjmd
pgcamjkdym cgrupmfmd ak`mdjmd dgjmtkh ( cmfm mrmi mdmf pmdmi
cgdjimemp fg mrmi dgjmtkh.
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tgrsgaut. Fgtkemfcmcpumd sgsgnrmdj em`mc cgcmimck naogf-naogf tgrsgaut
agrmrtk amiwm km cgdjm`mck fgsu`ktmd ag`momr. Fgsu`ktmd em`mc cgcpg`momrk
npgrmsk iktudj ak`mdjmd au`mt mfmd cgdjmfkamtfmd sgsgnrmdj cgdjm`mck fgsu`ktmd
em`mc cgcpg`momrk cmtgrk cmtgcmtkfm ymdj `mkddym. Fgsu`ktmd em`mc cg`mfufmd
npgrmsk iktudj ak`mdjmd au`mt empmt ekhnfusfmd fgpmem eum ogdks pgdjgtmiumd
ymktu pgdjgtmiumd tgdtmdj fndsgp emd prkdskp. Fgsu`ktmd cg`mfufmd npgrmsk
iktudj ak`mdjmd au`mt pgr`u udtuf ekfgtmiuk fgcudjfkdmd hmftnr-hmftnr
pgdygamadym. Hmftnr pgdygama tkcau`dym fgsu`ktmd ag`momr mdtmrm `mkd hmftnr
kdtgrdm` emd hmftnr gfstgrdm`.