Cho c v cc ban

II.VAN HOA VIET NAM THIEN NIEN KY AU CONG NGUYEN

THEO TRUYEN THUYET: Lac Long Quan la dong doi than Nong, lay con gai e Lai la Au C, sinh ha c 100 ngi con trai; 50 ngi theo cha ve Nam Hai; 50 ngi theo me len at Phong Chau, suy ton ngi anh ca len ngoi vua, lay hieu la Hung Vng, at ten nc la Van Lang

THEO CUON AI VIET S LC: Khi nc Van Lang xuat hien th tren a ban c tru cua to tien ta a ton tai nhieu bo toc ngi. Trong o, co le bo toc van Lang chac han la co thc lc manh hn cac bo khac ve moi mat cho nen a co the qui tu cac bo toc khac e hnh thanh quoc gia au tien cua dan toc ( khoang the ky VII III trc cong nguyen, ng vi giai oan au thi ai o ong).

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a).Nha nc au tien: Nc van Lang la nha nc au tien cua lch s Viet Nam- ra i vao nam 2.879 trc cong nguyen. Trong cuon ai Viet s ky toan th co viet: Hung Vng len ngoi, at quoc hieu la Van Lang. *Lanh tho Van Lang bao gom: -Pha ong giap bien Nam Hai ( bien ong),-Pha Tay giap nc Ba Thuc ( nay thuoc tnh T Xuyen Trung Quoc),-Pha Bac giap ho ong nh ( nay la tnh Ho Nam Trung Quoc),-Pha Nam giap nc Ho Ton ( nc Chiem Thanh). at Phong Chau ( Phu Tho) c coi la a ban trung tam ( co o).

b. T chc nh nc:

VuaNm quyn lc v chnh tr, qun s v chu trch nhim c hnh nhng nghi l ca quc gia.Lc HuC th thay Vua gii quyt cc cng vic trong nc v trong tay c qun iLc Tngng u cc B Gi Lngng u cc lng truyn thng

-Ve phap luat: giai oan nay gan lien vi phong tuc tap quan a co ne nep theo quy cu vi nhieu hnh phat ha khac.Do nhieu nguyen nhan khach quan va chu quan , nc Au Lac ch ton tai trong thi gian cha ay 30 nam (208 trc CN- 179 trc CN- thanh Co Loa b Trieu a anh chiem). c).Thanh tu:-Thanh Co Loa: la kinh o va la can c quan s. -Cong cu lao ong san xuat: bang ong va bang sat. ac biet nghe luyen kim, uc ong at c nhng thanh tu ln (mui lao, li giao, kiem, dao gam)

-Am thc: biet dung cac loai gia v( gng toi, rieng ,hanh, la chanh, rau thm) e lam cho cac mon an them am a hng sac. Cac loai rau, au, qua khong the thieu trong ba an cua ngi Viet co, ru a c chng cat va chac han khong the thieu vang trong cac buoi le tet.-Nha : pho bien van la mai tranh goc ra. - Trang phuc: rat n gian t mau sac en chat lieu vai : ao cay tay ngan, ao cay dai vat, dan ch quan hong, dan ong vay tham.

-Tn ngng: Luc bay gi th hai v than c nhan dan ton th la than at va than Lua. Phan ln cac ai le cua trieu nh cung eu gan lien vi khat vong cua nhan dan nong nghiep trong lua nc ( cau ma thuan go hoa, le ta n tri at, le cau cho sau dch tieu tan mau mang ti tot.Dan ta cung co mot so tap tuc nh tuc xam mnh e tr yeu thuong luong gay hai, tuc nhuom rang, tuc an trau, tuc ci hoi, tuc tang ma

Nh ca ngi Vit xa l nh tranh gc rNH TRANHGC R

AN DNG VNG

Nam 179 trc Cong Nguyen, Trieu a chiem Au Lac. Roi t o lan lc cac trieu ai Trung quoc thay phien nhau at ach thong tr len nc ta( Nha Trieu, Han, Ngo, Tan,Tong,Tuy, ng) cho en nam 905 sau Cong nguyen. Cung vi viec xam chiem va thon tnh at ai cua ngi Viet, giai cap thong tr Trung Hoa a tien hanh nhng chnh sach ong hoa van hoa Viet tren moi phng dien.2.1. Boi canh lch s:

2.2.Nen cai tr cua phong kien phng Bac:- lnh vc chnh tr:-Thi hanh chnh sach cai tr tren at nc ta ong nhat vi chnh sach cai tr noi a Trung Hoa. ( bat dan ban x hoc tap nh ngi Trung Quoc t to chc i song gia nh, sinh hoat cong ong va sinh hoat xa hoi ).-Ra sc boc lot to thue nang ne- lnh vc kinh te: -at ra che o cong nap. Nhng san vat qu nc ta eu b bon quan lai v vet a ve Trung hoa: Cac loai san pham t vat nuoi cay trong (go qu: sa nhan, hoi, que..; cay an trai vai, nhan, qut, m , cac v thuoc qu, hng lieu, gia v; thu qu hiem: sng te, nga voi ), cac san pham thu cong my nghe:chau ngoc a tr thanh nhng vat cong hien hang nam.

- lnh vc xa hoi: -Chiem at lap on ap e di dan Trung Hoa sang lam an nham ong hoa triet e dan ta thanh ngi Trung Hoa. + Dan ngheo Trung Quoc phai ri bo que hng i xuong phng Nam lap nghiep. +Cac nho s bat ac ch vi thi cuoc a tm ng di c sang nc ta bi nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau. +Cac nha tu hanh Phat giao va ao giao en nc ta e thc hien ly tng truyen ba ton giao cua mnh.- lnh vc t tng: Phong kien Trung Hoa truyen ba hoc thuyet Nho, Lao, Trang vao nc ta. Bien t tng nho gia tr thanh t tng chnh thong chi phoi cuoc song tinh than cua ngi Viet.

3.S truyen ba va tiep nhan cac thanh to ngoai lai: Vi v tr a ly gan ke, c dan Viet co va c dan nc Trung Hoa co ai chac chan a co nhng tiep xuc giao lu van hoa ve nhieu mat. Trong thi ky Bac thuoc va chong Bac thuoc, s tiep xuc giao lu gia c dan Viet va van hoa Han van tiep dien va tat nhien la mang tnh chat ap at. Ben canh o c dan Viet mot mat chong lai s ong hoa cua Trung Hoa, mot mat hoc hoi c nhieu hay, bo ch cua ngi Trung Hoa. Trong qua trnh tiep nhan va giao lu van hoa, nhan dan ta a vay mn kha nhieu von lieng cua nhan dan Trung Quoc ve van hoa vat chat cung nh ve van hoa xa hoi va van hoa tinh than. Nhan dan ta a biet bien nhng cua cai i vay thanh tai san cua dan toc e boi dng xay dng va phat trien nen kinh te va van hoa cua dan toc.

a) Van hoa vat chat: -Mot so yeu to van hoa Han a c a vao he thong van hoa Viet nh: ngon ng, van t, the che quan ly, cach trang phuc, an , mot so nghi thc te le, phong tuc gio chap, ci hoi, ma chay di dang thc an xen gia yeu to ban a vi yeu to Han a c cai bien chng mc nhat nh.-Trong lnh vc lao ong san xuat: hoc cach lam tang o ph nhieu cua at bang cach bon phan ( phan bac); m rong viec s dung sc keo trong san xuat nong nghiep ( bo, trau), trong giao thong van tai ( nga); m rong ky thuat ren o sat, cai tien nhieu cong cu lao ong, o dung gia dung ( ky thuat lam gom co trang men, ky thuat che tao thuy tinh, ky thuat xay nha, san xuat gach ngoi, kim hoan ).

b) Van hoa tinh than:-Le giao Nho gia:Noi dung truyen ba ch tap trung 2 van e cc oan nhat cua Nho giao. o la s co vu manh me cua tieng noi ton quan ai thong nhat va s quang ba t tng trong nam khinh n. The nhng quy mo truyen ba ch gii han trong pham vi chat hep mot vai ai phng va trong nhng ngi thuoc tang lp tren cua xa hoi ng thi. Nho giao tham nhap vao nc ta, ong vai tro quan trong trong viec xay dng va cung co bo may nha nc quan chu chuyen che.

- ao giao: Chnh quyen phong kien Trung Quoc a nhat the hoa oi ngu quan lai o ho vi oi ngu nhng ao s, nham muon ong thi nam chac ca chnh quyen va than quyen cua ngi Viet. ao giao du nhap vao nc ta ( mang theo he t tng than thanh, en mieu va nhng nghi thc te t) ieu nay lai rat gan gui vi tn ngng dan gian cua ngi Viet co nen de dang tiep thu. ao giao a quan ba y thc th than a nhan c s ong cam cua xa hoi ngi Viet. ao giao lam cho i song tam linh cua ngi Viet tr nen phc tap hn.

-Phat giao: ao Phat s d sm c c dan Viet chap nhan rong rai v: -Nhng nha tu hanh la nhng con ngi co c o, tai ba- ho c coi la s gia hoa bnh. Ho a tao c an tng tot ep trong tnh cam cua cac tang lp nhan dan.Nhng t tng ln cua ao Phat nh t bi h xa, von lai rat phu hp vi t tng hieu hoa, nhan ai, yeu thng con ngi cua dan toc. o la nhng iem tng ong vi ao ly song cua nhan dan ta. Nghi thc cua nha phat rat gan gui vi tap tuc co truyen cua xa hoi ta ( tap tuc th cung ong ba).

* Nho giao, ao giao va Phat giao la 3 thanh to ngoai nhap xuat hien sm nhat nc ta, the nhng khi a c truyen ba hoi nhap vao i song van hoa cua xa hoi ta, ca 3 thanh to nay luon b bien oi va c Viet hoa. e ket qua cuoi cung la tat ca eu khac dan so vi coi nguon ban au cua chnh no.Ngoai cac he t tng, tn ngng va ton giao th nhieu trao lu van hoa khac cung c truyen ba vao nc ta nh: nghe thuat kien truc va ieu khac, nghe thuat hoi hoa, nghe thuat ca mua nhac.

4. Sc song cua nen van hoa truyen thong Viet Nam:Chnh quyen phong kien Trung Quoc ch nam quyen cai quan en huyen, he thong to chc lang xa th van la do cac hao trng ngi Viet cai quan. Chnh v the lang xa van la nhng to chc chnh tr, kinh te, van hoa xa hoi oc lap va khep kn. Dan lang ch biet en he thong chnh quyen duy nhat la chc sac lang xa do chnh ho bau ra. Lang co phap luat rieng cua lang. o la le lang va hng c. Nhan dan lao ong trong lang van duy tr cach song nep sinh hoat t bao i nay cho nen ho van duy tr ca tieng noi cua to tien.Do ac iem la nen kinh te nong nghiep t cung t cap va do tnh t quan cua lang xa Viet Nam nen nhu cau thong tin thng ch gii han trong moi cai lang.

Xa hoi Viet Nam thi Bac thuoc a co nhng chuyen bien ln tren tat ca cac lanh vc kinh te, van hoa, chnh tr, t tng Nh c cau to chc lang xa ben chat cho nen i song van hoa tinh than cua to tien ng thi van c tiep dien vi nhng phong tuc tap quan co truyen cua dan toc. Tuy nhien qua qua trnh cong c lau dai ( hang chuc the ky) vi ngi Trung Hoa nen t nhieu cung b anh hng.

at biet vi chnh sach ap dat van hoa cua chnh quyen o ho, mot so yeu to van hoa Han a c a vao he thong van hoa Viet nh: ngon ng, van t, the che quan ly, cach trang phuc, an , mot so nghi thc te le, phong tuc gio chap, ci hoi, ma chay di dang thc an xen gia yeu to ban a vi yeu to Han a c cai bien chng mc nhat nh. Trong suot gan mot nghn nam o, khat vong banh trng, ong hoa triet e dan toc ta cua Trung Quoc a that bai. Dan toc ta va tiep nhan nhng yeu to ngoai lai, va phan khang quyet liet e gi gn ban sac van hoa dan toc.

C LOA XATHNH C LOA NGY NAY

GING NGCN TH AN DNG VNG TRONG THNH C LOA

C. Thnh tuMI TN NG C LOALY N C LOA

EN TH VUA HUNG

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