Baltic Sea Environment Program

1

GEFGEFBaltic Sea Regional Baltic Sea Regional

ProjectProject

Inesis Kiskis, World BankInesis Kiskis, World Bank

Jan Thulin, ICESJan Thulin, ICES

2

GEF/Baltic Sea Regional Project

The Baltic Sea Environment Program is a regional environmental

program that has progressed from “planning” to “implementation.”

Baltic Sea Environment Program

3


Why a Baltic Sea Environment Program?

* Since 1950 the environmental * Since 1950 the environmental quality of the Baltic Sea has quality of the Baltic Sea has considerably degradedconsiderably degraded

* Baltic Sea is a source of well * Baltic Sea is a source of well being of 85 million peoplebeing of 85 million people

4


Natural vulnerabilitiesNatural vulnerabilities Human contribution:Human contribution:

– Large nutrient loadsLarge nutrient loads– Accumulation of toxic substancesAccumulation of toxic substances

What Triggered Degradation?

5


Inadequate economic policiesInadequate economic policies Legislation without appropriate Legislation without appropriate

enforcementenforcement Weak institutional arrangementsWeak institutional arrangements Poor planning practicesPoor planning practices

Underlying Causes of Degradation

6


HELCOM established to coordinate joint HELCOM established to coordinate joint activitiesactivities

Joint Comprehensive Environmental Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Program (JCP) prepared at request Action Program (JCP) prepared at request of governments in early 1990sof governments in early 1990s

Need for action

7


Prioritization of activities

* 132 “hot spots” identified* 132 “hot spots” identified

* One can not do everything at * One can not do everything at onceonce* Source-point pollution vs. non-* Source-point pollution vs. non-point point pollution: load pollution: load contribution is equalcontribution is equal* Decision: municipal and industrial * Decision: municipal and industrial

sources are “easier” to start sources are “easier” to start withwith

8


What was done?

* A number of water and wastewater * A number of water and wastewater facilities in Eastern Baltic cities facilities in Eastern Baltic cities

upgradedupgraded* Pollution load significantly * Pollution load significantly reducedreduced* Water companies strengthened * Water companies strengthened

institutionallyinstitutionally

9


E fflu en t L o ad f ro m D au g av p ils to R iv er D au gav a

34 00

28 40

11 00

15 30

8 10

80

9 3011 30

14 5015 2017 30

2334313429393638464855 92

2 182 312 071 752 362 052 322 472 882 95

0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

2 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

3 0 0 0

3 5 0 0

4 0 0 0

1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1

t/y

E ff lue nt lo ad B O D , t/y

E ff lue nt lo ad P . t/y

E ff lue nt lo ad N , t/y

Example – Daugavpils, Latvia

10


Effluent Load, Klaipeda

3035

4122

3205

592

189 181

4902

2722

29853175

3192

918

1210

775 776 763

664

764

350 242228138 111 79 87 96 90 9052

32 230

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

ton

s/y

ea

r

BOD7 t/y

Nitrogen (N) t/y

Phosphorus (P) t/y

Example – Klaipeda, Lithuania

11


Shared visionShared vision Sustained political commitmentSustained political commitment Effective partnershipsEffective partnerships Balanced co-financingBalanced co-financing

What was needed to succeed?

12


Well defined objectives and prioritiesWell defined objectives and priorities Clear policy frameworksClear policy frameworks Institutional strengtheningInstitutional strengthening Well targeted investmentsWell targeted investments

What did we learn?

Investment is not the only Investment is not the only answer for achieving the goals of answer for achieving the goals of the Programthe Program

13


Second Generation of Projects to address the major threats to the Baltic Sea:

Rural Environmental Protection Project, Poland

Baltic Sea Regional Project, Baltic Sea Regional Project, all 9 countriesall 9 countries

14


Baltic Sea: Main Baltic Sea: Main CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Semi-enclosed brackish water Semi-enclosed brackish water areaarea

Persistent vertical stratificationPersistent vertical stratification Residence time of water volume: Residence time of water volume:

30 yrs30 yrs Large-scale renewal of bottom-Large-scale renewal of bottom-

water: unpredictable - often water: unpredictable - often stagnation periodsstagnation periods

Plants/animals: low numbers, Plants/animals: low numbers, stressedstressed

Low water temperature causing Low water temperature causing low decomposition ratelow decomposition rate

Large catchment area with land-Large catchment area with land-used activities strongly used activities strongly influencing the water quality - influencing the water quality - population - 85 millionpopulation - 85 million

Sweden

Finland

Estonia

Russia

Latvia

Lithuania

PolandGermany

Denmark

Norway

15


Major Threats to the Baltic Sea:Major Threats to the Baltic Sea:

Eutrophication

Contaminants

Overfishing

Invasive species

16


Preparations for a GEF project:

HELCOM - IBSFC - ICES

National consultations

LME Workshop

Draft PIP

17


Project componentsProject components

1 Large Marine Ecosystem Activities

2 Land and Coastal Management Activities

3 Institutional Strengthening and Regional Capacity Building

4 Project Management

18


GoalsGoals

* Facilitate strengthening of regional institutions through capacity building efforts

* Develop and apply an ecosystem-based management strategy to the BSLME

* Assess and evaluate the socio-economic effects of the ecosystem-based management for farming, fishing and coastal communities

* Inform and engage stakeholders and decision-makers on the project approach and objectives

19


Land

CoastalMarine

Training farmers

Grant/Credit on-farm invest-ments.

Modeling water quality and nutrient transport

Fish stock ass

Joint integrated fish stock ass. surveys

Ships of Opportunity

Improved fish landing statistics

Strengthening technical capacity, WS.s

Upgrade laboratories and ships

Improve scientific/and politicalcoordination

The Baltic LME conceptThe Baltic LME concept

CZMSalmon river rest.

MMED

Strengthening technical capacity

Improvement

Ecosystem

Socio-economyManagemen

t

Contaminants

20


Organizational Chart Organizational Chart Baltic Sea Steering Group

HELCOM

ICES IBSFC

CoordinatorsC1 C2

Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland RussiaCC, LL, LIU CC, LL, LIU CC, LL, LIU CC, LL CC, LL, LIU

National Laboratories/authorities International Consultants

Baltic Sea Com.s/WG.s

Advisory ComEcosystem

Advisory ComEnvironment

Advisory ComFisheries

Period: 2003-2005 Budget: USD 12 millionPeriod: 2003-2005 Budget: USD 12 million

21


Thank you for your attention

Documents

Baltic Sea Environment Program