Bangladesh Cyclone

8/12/2019 Bangladesh Cyclone

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Cyclone in

Bangladesh

Kazi Saiful Islam

Institute of Disaster andVulnerability StudiesUniversity of Dhaka

6/6/2014


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Do you agree or not?

Some people says there is no disaster, all arehazards

If you forget last disaster, next disaster will appear.

Cyclone signal system in Bangladesh is 1 , 2 , 3, 4, 6,8,9 & 10

Cyclone hit Bangladesh because of its Geographicallocation


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Bangladesh


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HAZARDS VULNERABILITIESGeographical

factorsType of hazard

Deltaic low lands(30% land only1m above sealevel)

Flood, tidal surge,salinity intrusion,tsunami, sea level rise(SLR)

Vast floodplainsand wetlands

Floods, siltation,drought, flashflood,waterlogging, pollution,

Network of 300rivers

Flood, erosion,siltation, arsenic,transport accidents etc.

Fault lines andtrenches

Earthquake, landslides,soil erosion,

Funnel-shapedcoastline Cyclone, Storm/tidalsurge, tsunami. Localtornado / norwester

Hot and humidclimate

drought, hailstorm,heavy rain, malariaother vectors, pestinfestation.

Socio/economic factors

Vulnerability

High & densepopulation

Large number of casualties evenin localised events, limitedadaptive spatial options.

Massive &persistentpoverty

Living in risk prone areas,inability to absorb shocks

Low humanresourcecapacities

Lack risk knowledge, lackcredible risk reduction / adaptiveinnovations

Genderdisparity

Women who are more pronehave less control over reduction /adaptive resources

4-6% yearly

urbanisation

Unplanned overcrowded cities,

un-engineered structures,70% agri-dependent

Prone to hydrometeorologicalhazards, less control over assets

Gaps ingovernance &politics

Weak coordination,unpredictable investment onreduction / adaptation

DRAMATIC REDUCTION IN DEATH RATES, BUT MOUNTING ASSETSAND ECONOMIC LOSSES


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Natural disastersoccurrence

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1909

1941

1943

1958

1961

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

19

93

1995

199

7

199

9

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

Cold wave

Drought

Extreme winter conditions

Flash Flood

General Flood

Heat wave

Landslide

Local storm

Storm surge/Coastal flood

Tropical Cyclone

Source: EmDAT


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Top 10 Natural Disasters in Bangladeshfor the period 1900 to 2013sorted by numbers of killed:

Disaster Date No Killed

Drought 1943 1,900,000

Epidemic 1918 393,000

Storm 12-Nov-1970 300,000

Storm 29-Apr-1991 138,866

Storm Oct-1942 61,000

Storm 11-May-1965 36,000

Flood Jul-1974 28,700

Storm 28-May-1963 22,000Storm 24-May-1985 15,000

Storm Jun-1965 12,047

Source: EM DAT

Natural disaster in Bangladesh


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Catastrophic Disaster Events in Bangladesh

Year Disaster Deaths Economic Loss (USD)

1970 Cyclone 300,0001988 Flood 2373 1.2 billion1988 Cyclone 57041989 Drought 8001991 Cyclone 138,8681996 Tornado 5451997 Cyclone 5501998 Flood 1050 2.3 billion

2004 Flood 747 2.3 billion2007 Flood 1071 1.1 billion

2007 Cyclone (Sidr) 3406 2.1 billion2009 Cyclone (Aila) 191


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Hazards and Risk Profile of Bangladesh

Total land area = 147,570 km2

Total Population = 142.3 Millions

Hazard Flood FlashFlood

Drough

t

Cyclone, tidal

surge, salinity

Earthquak

e

% % % % %

Vulnerable

land area

61 23 46 32 70%

Vulnerable

population

71 24 46 27 80%


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Disaster and Bangladesh

Flood

TropicalCyclone

Storm SurgeTornado

River Bank

ErosionDrought

Earthquake

Year Disaster Death1970 Cyclone 300,0001988 Flood 23731988 Cyclone 5704

1989 Drought 8001991 Cyclone 138,8681996 Tornado 5451997 Cyclone 550

1998 Flood 10502004 Flood 7472007 Flood 1071

2007 Cyclone(SIDR) 3363

Major DisastersMajor Hazards


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Cyclone SIDR hits 15th November2007


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Situations..


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How we response.


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Bay of Bengal: Historical Monthly Data on Average Precipitation and

Tropical Storms (April to December 1956 - 2006)Cyclone prone month : April to May & October to November


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CYCLONES AND STORM SURGES

Proportion of coastalsub-district affected bysevere cyclones


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Pre-requisites for development of cyclones

Warm Ocean temperature, A tropical Cyclone does notform if the sea temperature is less Than 27 celsius.

Presence of low pressure region.

Absence of strong vertical wind shear.

Presence of a certain value of coriolis force appears at thelatitude greater than 5 degrees Which gives the cycloneits rotational/spinning motion.

Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal mostly originate over the

South Bay and the Andaman Sea. The area of lowestpressure in a cyclone built-up is called the Eye of thecyclone. It is found well formed in the most severecyclones


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Classification of Cyclone

Category 1: 90-125 sqr/hr



Category 4: 225-279 sqr/hr Category 5: 280 above sqr/hr (exp. Sidr 2007)


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Cyclone signal system in Bnagladesh

Signal: 1 & 2 (Distance warning)

Signal:3 (local warning)

Signal: 4 ( Local alert)

Signal : 6 ( Danger )

Signal: 8,9 & 10 (Great Danger)


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1998 : FOOD, CLOTHING, HOUSE, ETC

1988 : FOOD, CLOTHING, C.I SHEET

R&R SUPPORT IN THE PAST

1972 - 2004

VGF, GR, FFW, CASH, ETC


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Similar Exposure but Different Impacts


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VICIOUS CYCLE OF

DISASTER AND POVERTY

POVERTY

RELIEF AND

REHABILITATION

DISASTER

VULNERABILITY

(RISK)

POVERTY LINE


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OPTIONS

1. RELOCATIONX

EMPOWERMENT OF THE

VULNERABLE PEOPLE

2. DISASTER PREVENTION

3. RISK REDUCTION

X


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RISK ?

RISK VULNERABILITY

X= HAZARD CAPACITY


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ow to rea vicious circ e


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COMPARISON OF RISKS

MAZU KHATUN :

RISK (V)X= (H)(C)

= 25

= 1SHRIN MEMBER :

RISK(V)

X= (H)(C)

VALUES : 1 5(LOWEST HIGHEST)

5 51

51

5

Wh f


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25

DISASTER

RISKVULNERABILITY

X=HAZARD CAPACITY

Why we go for

Disaster risk reduction ?


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HOW THE MONEY

IS SPENT ?

RELIEF AND REHABILITATION

INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT

ON DEVELOPMENT OF

CAPACITY OF POOR ?


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BASIC REQUIREMENT

COMPREHENSIVE DISASTER

MANAGEMNET APPROACH

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

PARTICIPATION OF VULNERABLE

PEOPLE IN PLANNING

COORDINATION BETWEEN SERVICE

PROVIDER & USER
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#19.%20Slide%2019http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#19.%20Slide%2019http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#20.%20Slide%2020http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#21.%20%20*The%20Bangladesh%20Red%20Crescent%20Society%20(BDRCS)%20will%20have%20t...http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#21.%20%20*The%20Bangladesh%20Red%20Crescent%20Society%20(BDRCS)%20will%20have%20t...http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#22.%20%20*The%20Bangladesh%20Red%20Crescent%20Society%20(BDRCS)%20will%20have%20t...http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#22.%20%20*The%20Bangladesh%20Red%20Crescent%20Society%20(BDRCS)%20will%20have%20t...http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#22.%20%20*The%20Bangladesh%20Red%20Crescent%20Society%20(BDRCS)%20will%20have%20t...http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#22.%20%20*The%20Bangladesh%20Red%20Crescent%20Society%20(BDRCS)%20will%20have%20t...http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#21.%20%20*The%20Bangladesh%20Red%20Crescent%20Society%20(BDRCS)%20will%20have%20t...http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#21.%20%20*The%20Bangladesh%20Red%20Crescent%20Society%20(BDRCS)%20will%20have%20t...http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#20.%20Slide%2020http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#20.%20Slide%2020http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#19.%20Slide%2019http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_5/SIDR%20Ops.%20&%20DRR.pptx#19.%20Slide%2019


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To Break Vicious circle of Disaster and Poverty

X

RISK REDUCTION

SUPPORT


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Progression of Household Well-being


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EVOLUTION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTIN BANGLADESH

70s Response oriented disaster management:1970 Gorkey Cyclone, 300,000 people killed1972 Cyclone preparedness program established

80s90s Emerging DM approaches:1987 -88 huge flood, FAP formulated1991 cyclone, 138000 people killed, shifting from disasterresponse to preparedness

1993 constitution of Disaster Management Bureau1997 Drafting of standing order on disasters (SOD)1998 prolonged flood

2000 + Forward towards a comprehensive system including RiskReduction2000 Comprehensive Disaster Management program formulatedand launched in 20042005 Ministry of Food and Disaster Management renamed withnew DM vision2006 Revised AoB for MOFDM2010 Revised SOD, National Plan for Disaster ManagementDM Policy and ACT drafted


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Bangladesh DM History

Soon after 1991 cyclone which caused huge damage and loss, the country has realized that

the reactive response to disaster is no longer an option for Bangladesh

The country has adopted a paradigm shift from reactive response to comprehensive DM

approach that includes a number of strategies and mechanism/policy decision

DMB was created in 1993

SOD formulated in 1997 SOD recognized every bodies roles and responsibilities in DM

and those are spelt out in the document. SOD also created and institutional

CDMP was formulated in 2000 and launched in 2004

MoFDM has been created in 2005

Government also adopted a new DM vision

A Bangladesh DM model has been created/developed and adopted the model gave main

emphasis on disaster risk reduction


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Thanks a lot

Documents

Bangladesh Cyclone