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8/12/2019 Base Oil Manufacture & Classification
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Base Oil for
Lubricants- Manufacture & classification
Hussam Adeni
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What are Lubricants
Lubricants
Special materials toRe uce riction
Reduce wear
In machine elements
Hussam Adeni [email protected]
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What are lubricants
Lubricants come in a variety offorms
Semi solids - grease
Even solid, at times - graphite
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What are lubricants
Lubricants are
Mineral Oils Vegetable oils
Synthetic
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What are Lubricants
Lubricant comprise of
Base oil or carrier fluid Specially formulated
additives
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What are lubricants
Finished lubricants
- a careful blend of Base Oils
And additives
Hussam Adeni [email protected]
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Base Oil manufacture
Overview of the process
A series of steps
Viscosity Index
Oxidation
Heat resistance Low temperature fluidity
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Base oil manufacture
Starting with crude oil, typical processof making lube oil consists of
Removal
Distillation
Dewaxing
Finishing
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Base oil manufacture
Crude oil distillation
- First the lighter ends removed
Kerosene
Solvents- Middle distillates separated
Lube base stocks
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Base Oil manufacture
- Flowchart
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Distillation Top fraction
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Base oil manufacturing
process
Lubes base stocks
- Vacuum distillation
Multi stage
required for removal of balance
- lighter ends
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Base oil manufacture -
Flowchart
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Distillation middle fraction
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Base oil manufacturing
Lubes base stocks
- Dewaxing- MEK Tou ene
- For Pour Point reduction
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Base oil manufacturing
Hydrofinishing
- Reduction with hydrogen
-
Sulphur
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Improves heat & oxidation stability
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Crude Oil composition
Composition (weight %)
Carbon 84%
Sulphur 1.5%
Others (nitrogen, Oxygen,
Metals, salts) < 2%
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Yield Base Oil
manufacturing process
Yield in percentages
Gasoline 44%
Kerosene /Jet Fuel 9%
Others ( Coke , asphalt, residualfuel oil) 25%
Lube Oil base stock 1%
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Base Oils types
Paraffinic 60%
Aromatic 12%
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Base Oil classification
Pale Oils
Lighter ends
Middle ends
Bright stock Heavy ends
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Typical base oils
Solvent neutrals
SN 70
SN 100
SN 150
SN 300
SN 350 SN 500
SN 650
SN 900Hussam Adeni [email protected]
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Typical base oils
Bright stock
BS 150
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API classifications Base Oils
American Petroleum Institute (API)
Group I, II, II+ Mineral Oils
Group III, IV, V
Synthetic Oils
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API classifications Base Oils
American Petroleum Institute (API)
Group I,
Solvent Refined base stocks nera s
Group II, II+,III Solvent refined and Hydro treated
Group IV, V
Synthetics
Polymerized olefins from petrochemicalsource
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API Base Oil
Interchange GuidelinesBase Oilcategory
Sulphur(%)
Saturates(%)
ViscosityIndex (VI)
Group I > 0.03 < 90 80 to 120
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roup < . > o
Group III < 0.03 > 90 > 120
Group IV All polyalphaolefins (PAO)Group V All others not included in
Group I, II, III or IV
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What is a lubricant
Finished lubricants
- Careful blend of Base Oils
additives
Hussam Adeni [email protected]
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What is a lubricant
Finished lubricants
=Base Oils
+
Additives
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What are additives
Lubricant additives
- classified on theirfunctional capability
1. Enhance existing property
2. Suppress undesirable property3. Impart new property
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What are additives
1. Enhance existing property
Anti oxidant
Anti foam agent
Demulsifying agent
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What are additives
2. Suppress undesirable base oilproperty
VI improver
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What are additives
3. Impart new property
E P additive
Detergents
Dispersants
Metal deactivators
Tackiness agents
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Base oils Holly Lubricants &
Specialities Ltd
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Thank you
Hussam Adeni [email protected]