Baseline Survey Report 2012 - Practical Actioncdn1.practicalaction.org/b/a/5412afef-a58c-44fe-930b-69180a000047.pdf · Baseline Survey Report 2012 ... with soap at key hand washing

Baseline Survey Report 2012 Delivering Decentralization: Slum Dwellers Access to Decision making for pro-poor

Infrastructure Services

24 Settlements

(Slums)

Faridpur Municipality

IUD-II Baseline Survey Report 2012

Delivering Decentralization: slum dwellers' access to decision making for pro-poor infrastructure services Page 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations 02

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 03

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 04

SURVEY OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 05-06

I. Introduction & Community Profile 07

RESULTS OF THE BASELINE SURVEY 08-17

II. Characteristics of Households 08

III. Household Income, source of income & main occupation of HH head 09

IV. Education 10

V. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practice 10 - 11

VI. Sanitation Facilities 12

VII. Waste Management 12

VIII. Water borne diseases 13

IX. Present Housing Culture 14

X. Major Problems in the Community 15

XI. Training Need Assessment 16

XII. Community Governance 16 - 18

XIII. Recommendation and Conclusion 19 - 20

ANNEXURE : Pictorial Baseline Situation



LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

BDT Bangladeshi Taka

CBO Community Based Organization

CIF Community Improvement Federation

HH House holds

MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

NFE Not Fit for Education

RTI Reproductive Tract Infection

SIC Settlement Improvement Committee

SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science

SUP Society for the Urban Poor

TLCC Town Level Coordination Committee



Acknowledgement

Baseline survey is an important activity to assess the

situation of the target project area before interventions.

During the implementation of the survey, the Team received

a number of supports from Faridpur Municipality,

representative from CIF, Partners staff and community and

some student of Rajendra Collage as well.

Besides Project Manager, IUD_II, Practical Action,

Bangladesh and Project Regional Manager, IUD_II and Team

Leader, Energy and Urban Services Programme, Practical

Action, Bangladesh provided valuable proposals and

comments to the survey concept and the report time to

time.

The team likes to express sincere thanks to them for

their assistances and supports.



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In Faridpur Municipality there are 24 low income settlements in total among 13 are new and 11 are of IUD first phase. The settlements have 2026 households of which 232 are hardcore poor, 1505 are poor and 289 HHs are found middle class with population 9138 (Female 4590 & Male 4548). It has been found that the young population (less than 15 years old), in the surveyed areas (30%), the percentage of elderly population (60 and above) is (6%) while the work force population (15-59) is (65.6%), greater than the BLS 2010 (56.8%)

INCOME & MAIN OCCUPATION: Majority of households 17% were in the income range of BDT “5001 to 6000”. The lowest income range BDT “0 to 2000” is only 4% and the highest income range BDT 9001 to above is 15.5%. Of them all 14% are day laborer, 18% are Rickshaw/Van/Auto-rickshaw driver, 31 % are engage in small business, 11% private jobs and 5% are in Government job especially majority of them are engaged with cleanliness works in the municipality, hospital/clinic and other Government offices. THE LITERACY rate in the area is 56% and 21% can sign their name only. The illiteracy rate in the

community is 12% and 11% are not fit for education (NFE). The education level is quite good.

There are 1511 passed up to class 10; SSC & HSC is 295 & 173 respectively. The community has

graduate 72 and post graduate is 23.

HYGIENE PRACTICES: It has been found that on an average 75% of residents do not wash both hands

with soap at key hand washing times; specially before feeding children 79% and after using latrine 67%

do not wash hands using soap. The study reveals that 98% mother and 95% adolescent girls are using

cloth which can’t ensure safety and cleanliness. Only 8% are using sanitary napkin. 24% HH has to

spend within the limit of Tk 1001-1500 per month for treatment due to diseases. Considering the

health and hygiene report as said 70% mothers are facing infection (RTI) due to using cloths, the

average ratio 95% is very alarming in the community.

WATER, SANITATION FACILITIES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT: people of the project area

mainly use tube well for drinking water with broken platform (17%) and tube well without platform

(33%) are remain under threat of contamination as most of the cases the distance between latrines and

tube well is very close (10 feet). The situation of sanitation is a big issue to deal with 59% HHs are

using single pit latrine where most of them substructures are constructed by ring and slab and

are found unsafe (broken water seal, broken pan, water leakage from pit, not covered properly

and spreading bad ) . There are hanging toilets which is 6% in the project area. 88% HHs dump

their kitchen waste in scattered everywhere, which is polluting the environment and might be a

serious threat of health hazards in the community.



II .SURVEY OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY

Objectives of the survey

This baseline survey aims to understand the profile and situation of potential beneficiaries prior the project intervention. This will further provide relevant information as input to strategic planning and focusing on the most relevant and appropriate intervention to the target groups. The specific objectives of the baseline survey are:

To assess up-to-date information on socio-economic, demographic, health, water and sanitation condition of the project areas;

To asses vulnerable and most needy families in the areas; Identify the needs and possible interventions related to improved drinking-water,

sanitation facilities, and other infrastructure services; To promote increased interventions in water and sanitation sectors for the project areas.

Data gathering tools and techniques Data gathering techniques used: Individual interview (Household level)

Data gathering tools: Household questionnaire (wife, husband and daughter/son aged over eighteen)

Questionnaires

Data was collected through structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was first developed in English and then translated in Bangla. After field pre-testing, the questionnaire was finalized. While designing the questionnaire, attention was given to the wording of the questions so that the respondents find it simple and understand it easily. In certain situation interviewer were to

use local dialects of some terminology.

The household questionnaire covered the following topics:

Background characteristics of household head (demographic and Socio-economic); Educational status of household members; Household monthly income and expenditure, main sources of income, present housing

condition and use construction materials, water and sanitation facility; Personal hygiene practice and WASH knowledge; Household health related problem/diseases, Disaster hazard/risk; Income generating activities they are required for; Community governance issue.



All questionnaires used a slum wise coding system that uniquely identifies the HHs and respective information.

Orientation and Fieldwork

The fieldwork schedule includes recruitment of interviewers and their orientation, pre testing of questionnaire, data collection, quality control and data processing. The data processing operation consisted of office editing data entry and editing by the computer program. The survey training was conducted by the Coordinator infrastructure, Urban Planner cum Engineer and Monitoring officer. Orientation was organized with contents of data collection methods, interview technique, questionnaires & other relevant issues of the questionnaire survey.

The objectives of the orientation were to provide orientation in the survey methodology, data collection, survey tools and quality control of data. At the end of the orientation, field testing was organized to test the adequacy and contents of questionnaire, sequences of questionnaire. After pre-testing, a review meeting was held with the interviewers and supervisors to review the situation and finalize the questionnaire in the light of experiences gained during the pre-testing.

Challenges

In a large survey such as this one, there are bound to be many challenges in terms of logistics supports, ensuring cooperation of the slums and households, and keeping all team members motivated. Rigorous planning is essential. The experienced and qualified enumerators played a crucial role in ensuring that the field work was implemented smoothly and efficiently, with only a slight delay in relation to the original timetable. It was also the same two field supervisors from Practical Action Bangladesh who made sure that the data collected were complete and of the quality required for this type of survey.

Specific challenges that surfaced during the fieldwork include:

Confusion about community names - this is a notorious problem in many field surveys. Names for communities as listed in the Municipality’s database are often quite different from the names used locally. Whereas this did not lead to any insurmountable

Data collection & Correction

The enumerators were organized in teams of 2, with Monitoring Officer and Urban planner as designated the Team Leader. Each slum/settlements was visited by a team of 4 people for a period of 2 days depends on the number of households in the area. Within that time frame, the team conducted 48 household interviews.

Give the interviewers the questionnaires for the interviews; Provide supervision so as to avoid bias in the data gathering.



At the end of each day of interviews, the team leader checked all questionnaires for errors. Any errors would be fed back to the enumerators. In most cases, they would still be able to correct the error based on their memory of the interview. They would also go back to the households on the following day as needed.

Sampling design The sampling strategy used the slum as a primary sampling unit (PSU) and the households as the ultimate sampling unit or secondary sampling unit (SSU). The list of slums with corresponding households/population is available with the local administration.

Data Processing

As soon as the filled-in questionnaires were received from the field, editors edited all questionnaires to remove the error and inconsistencies. The editing consisted following stages:

i. Check individual questionnaire to search for errors such as legibility, range, skip and consistency. For inconsistent data, it is been assumed which of the inconsistent answers is more likely to be correct and take appropriate action accordingly. For missing data, either found correct answer from other answers through mobile communication.

ii. Cross-checked individual questionnaires against individual summaries.

iii. Further editing was done after data entry by computer to detect all kinds of inconsistencies and finally analyzed data. The analysis work done by using SPSS and in some part of MS Excel



Figure 1: 24 slums of

IUD-II in Faridpur

I. Introduction & Community Profile

Faridpur Municipality was

established in the year of 1869.

Now the total area of Faridpur

Municipality is 17.38 Square

kilometer with 1,46,921

population. Total households in

Faridpur Municipality are 25,341

with household size of 5.79.

In the project IUD-II within the framework of the partnership between Faridpur Municipality, Practical Action Bangladesh and the Local partner SUP, which aims at accelerating the achievement of the slum dwellers access to decision making for pro poor infrastructure services – is being implemented in 24 slums/squatters (13 new for intervention and for follow up 11 of IUD 1st phase) of Faridpur Municipality. The initiative has the duration of four years starting from April 2012.

The baseline figure (Table 1) of total HH is 2026 among which 232 are hardcore poor, 1505 are poor and 289 HH are found middle class. The total population is 9138 with Female 4590 and Male 4548.

Strategic Partner Faridpur Municipality

Implementing Partner Society for the Urban Poor

Target HH 2400

Target Beneficiary 10600

Table 1: IUD_II Project Faridpur Municipality

No of Ward 09

Population 9138

Households 2026

Household size 4.51

Male 4548

Female 4590

Male – Female Ratio 49:50



546 814

428

2527

233

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0-5 years 6-14years

15-18years

19-59years

60+ years

Male Population by selected group

Figure 1.1: Male Age distribution

503 817

348

2664

258

0

1000

2000

3000

0-5 years 6-14years

15-18years

19-59years

60+ years

Female Population by selected group

Figure 1.2: Female Age distribution

II. Characteristics of Households

Demographic characteristics

The household population in the baseline survey was enumerated on de Jure basis i.e. persons were enumerated if were usual residents of the selected household at the time of enumeration, irrespective of where they spent the night before the survey in the household. A household is defined as a person or group of people who live together and share common food.

Age and Sex composition:

The age and sex composition of a population is a very important factor in determining its socio-economic well-being. The total enumerated populations in the sampled household are 9138 of whom 4548 are male and 4590 female.

It has been shown from the figure 1.1 that the young population (less than 15 years old), in the surveyed areas (30%), the percentage of elderly population (60 and above) is (5%) while the work force population (15-59) is 2955 which is (65%), greater than the BLS 2010 (56.8%)

It has been shown from the figure 1.2 that

the young population (less than 15 years

old), in the surveyed areas (29%), elderly

population (60 and above) is (6%) while the

work force population (15-59) is (66%),

greater than the BLS 2010 (56.8%).



1.6 2.3

7.7 6.2

17.0 13.6

15.4 14.3

6.3

15.5

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

Figure 1.3: Income ranges household head

Figure 1.4: Main occupation of HHs head

Gov. Job 5% private

job 11%

small business

31%

Rickshaw/Van/Auto driver

18%

Day lobor 14%

Bus/Truck driver

3%

Others 18%

Main occupation of Household Head

III. Household Income, source of income & main occupation of Household head:

Although it was very difficult to obtain reliable information about household income, effort was made to collect the information by questionnaires and interview technique.

From the Figure 1.3, it has been found that the majority of households 17% were in the income range of BDT 4001 to 5000. The lowest income range BDT 0 to 2000 is only 4% and the highest income range BDT 9001 to above is 15.5%. Main Occupation

Figure 1.4, shows the percentage of households by the different sources of income. It was found that a person/family may have more than one income sources and this actual income amount is the sum of all sources. It is also our aim here, to justify that this income is sustainable to their sources.

The figure 1.4 shows 14% are day laborer,

18% are Rickshaw/van/auto-rickshaw

driver, 31 % are engage in small business,

11% private jobs and 5% are in Government

job especially majority of them are engaged

with cleanliness works in the municipality,

hospital/clinic and other Government

offices.



Can Sign 21%

illeterate 12%

literate 56%

NFE 11%

Figure 4.1: Education level in the area

Own tubewell,

40.33

Shared tubewell,

9.77

Municipality tubewell/water supply,

27.39

Other ownership tubewell,

19.25

NGO privided

tubewell, 3.26

Figure 5.1: Drinking water source

IV. Education

Education is a key determinant of the life

style and status an individual enjoys in a

society. It is a recognized fact that

education is the key to personal

development as well as to economic,

social and cultural development of

societies.

From the figure shows that the illiteracy

rate is (12%) and 21% can sign their

name only. The literacy rate in the area

is 56%.

Table 4.1 provides data on highest grade completed

education level of the household population in the

project area. The result indicates that in the project

area the education level is quite good. There are

1511 passed up to class 10; SSC & HSC is 295 & 173

respectively. The community has graduate 72 and

Post graduate is 23.

V. Water, Sanitation, Hygiene practice

Water: This section aims is to determine the households’ main source of drinking-water. The type of water source or technology specified by the household was used as an indicator for whether the drinking-water is of suitable quality. The following water sources were likely to be of suitable quality: a piped water supply into the dwelling; piped water to a yard/plot; a public tap or street hydrant; a tube well/borehole. Water sources that were considered “poor quality” were: an unprotected tube well and surface water.

.

Personal Hygiene Practice

Table:4.1 : Education level Total

Primary level (I-V) 3029

Secondary level (VI-X) 1511

S.S.C Pass 295

H.S.C Pass 173

Graduation 72

Masters 23

Total 5103

As shown in Figure 5.1, people of the project area use tube well for drinking water. But in our findings all the

tube well water is found with iron is a big problem to the community. It reflected during preparation of

community action plan that people are demanding for safe and iron free tube well



Before eating, 23.3%

Before feeding

children, 20.8%

After using

latrine, 32.4%

After child defecation

, 20.3%

Figure 5.2: HH hand washing practice

Yes, 48.8

No, 33.5

Broken platform,

17.7

Figure 5.2: Tube well platform From the figure 5.2 indicates the fact that the broken platform (17%) and tube well without platform (33%) are remain under threat of contamination as most of the cases the distance between latrines and tube well is very close (10 feet).

Personal Hygiene Practice In this section, explains the personal hygiene practice of the household member in the project area. In that case, the project target is to improve the personal hygiene practices to reduce diseases. It has been found that on an average 75% of residents do not wash both hands with soap at key hand washing times; specially before feeding children 79% and after using latrine 67% do not wash hands using soap. Though rinsing hands with only water was more common. To realize the health benefits of hand washing, efforts to improve hand washing in these communities should target adding soap to current hand rinsing practices. This was the conclusion of recent research by the International Centre for Diarrhea Disease Research, Bangladesh (Halder 2010).

Menstrual Hygiene Practice

In this section, we have tried to find out the personal hygiene practice of the mother and adolescent girls during that particular time in the project area. In that case, our target is to improve the personal hygiene practices and reduce diseases and survival problems due to using improper sanitary napkin. The study shows that 98% mother and 95% adolescent girls are using cloth which can’t ensure safety and cleanliness. Only 8% are using sanity napkin. Considering the health and hygiene report as said 70% mothers are facing infection (RTI) due to using cloths, the average ratio 95% is very alarming in the project area.

User Cloth Napkin

Mother 97.6% 2.4%

Adolescent 94.8% 5.2%%

Any project activities on raising awareness on hand washing practices should focus not so much on

the importance of hand washing itself, but on how hand washing should be done.

Women having better knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene and safe practices are less vulnerable to

RTI and its consequences. Therefore, increased knowledge about menstruation right from childhood

may escalate safe practices and may help in mitigating the suffering of women in the community



Septic tank 19%

Twin pit 16% Single pit

59%

Hanging 6%

Figure 6.1: Type of latrine

Dustbin, 3.20

Particular place, 8.50

Every where, 88.30

Dumping places of kitchen waste

Own, 48.7

Shared, 19.8

Community, 21.5

Other ownership,

10

Figure 6.2: Type of ownership of latrine

VI. Sanitation Facilities

Sanitation facility is an important

indicator of health and hygiene.

Inadequate disposal of human excreta

and personal hygiene is associated with

a range of disease including diarrheal

disease. Sanitary means the excreta

disposal include: flush toilets connected

to sewage systems or septic tanks and

water sealed/slab latrine.

The situation of sanitation is a big issue to deal with in the project area. As shown in the figure 6.1, 59% of them are using single pit latrine where most of them substructures are constructed by ring and slab and are found unsafe(broken water seal, broken pan, water leakage from pit, not covered properly and spreading bad ) . There are hanging toilets which is 6% in the community.

The figure 6.2 indicates the user of community latrines 21% mostly in the area of IUD first phase. In case of shared latrines some HHs in the new 13 slums use or share latrines with others who are mainly their relatives or dears one. In fact there are some latrines owned by Mosque, education institute, temple which we classified as in other ownership.

VII. Waste Management

In urban areas the average waste generation by the households is 0.41 kilogram per capita per day. Therefore the total waste of 1783 HHs (88%) in the project area is 732.03 kilograms. This amount of waste is scattered around in the community as there is no dumping bin or particular place which is polluting the environment.

The rest 243 HHs (12%) are using dustbin and a particular space and Municipality van are carrying to the compost plant. This scenario is from those 11 slums of IUD first phase. In fact due to poor supervision and management the waste management system deteriorated in many slums of IUD first phase. The overall ratio 88% includes some of these slums.



0

500

1000

1500

20001865

86 323

61

467

31 25

Figure 8.1: Affected by disease in last one year

Private Hospital

16%

Government Hospital

68%

Homeopathy Doctor

2%

Dispensary 14%

Kabiraj 0%

Treatment taken from the places

67.5 % HH

24.3% HH

8.2% HH

Average monthly expenditure on medical treatment

10-500

501-1000

1001-1500

VIII. Water borne diseases:

For each household member it was asked what type of waterborne diseases in the last 1 year (an MICS indicator) they were affected. Waterborne diseases were explained by giving examples of diarrhoea and cholera. The result, as shown in the graph, 65% affect from fever/cold/cough, 11% from diarrhea and 2% from jaundice. In fact they admit that occurrences of waterborne diseases are normally much higher in the rainy season.

Treatment taken by the community

Expenses include all direct and indirect costs related to sickness from waterborne diseases, including costs for transport etc. 68% of the households go government hospital and 16% go to private hospital.

In fact, they admit that the facilities and availability of services in Private Hospital is better than Government Hospital. But only few people can afford the expenses for treatment in private hospital. Some times for severe cases they cannot avoid going in private hospital for better treatment.

67% HH has to spend Tk within limit tk 0-500





Own , 87.91

Tenant, 9.82

Government Ownership,

0.89

Municipality Ownership,

1.38

Figure 8.2: Type of HH Ownership

IX. Present Housing Culture

Household construction: The physical characteristics of the households reflect the household’s economic conditions and have an important effect on environmental exposure to disease.

From Table 8.1, it has been found that about 63%

houses wall are constructed by CI Sheet and around

95% houses roof made by CI sheet. 76% houses floor

are earthen made. People 63 % are living in semi-

pucca houses (houses those floors with cement

concrete, walls with bricks and CI/earthen block

roofing). The result implies a good housing condition

in the surveyed area.

Figure 8.2 indicates 88 % Houses

are owned by individual in

Government land. There are some

abandoned houses owned by

different Government departments

like Bangladesh Railway where only

1% people are living. Besides, some

arrangements were made by

Municipality itself in different

settlements like Bandhob Polly for

Harijan (Cleaner/Sweeper)

community and Kuthibari Lashkata Ghar colony for lower level Municipal cleaners etc.

Characteristics (%)of HH

Wall Concrete/Cement 10.5

CI sheet 62.5

Jute Stick 25.5

Others 1.5

Roof Concrete/Cement 2.2

CI sheet 95.1

Wood .3

Straw or thatch 2.4

Floor Concrete/Cement 19.9

Earthen 76.2

Brick soling 3.9

Table 8.1 Housing Characteristics



X. 5 Major Problems of the Community: In our survey we recorded 20 types of problems which the community may face. The objective was to find out 5 major problems they are already facing with and tend to solve out as priority basis.

In the analysis of the statistics shown in Table1: Problem type worked out 5 major problems which are need for sanitary latrine, safe drinking water, drainage, Roads and waste management system in the community with priority to solve out.

Summary Table: Problem Priority Ranking

The Table 1: indicates that people considering Sanitary Latrines (frequency 1628) as their 1st need and priority to solve out firstly. But they are considering Safe drinking water (frequency 1535) and Drainage (frequency 1425) as their 2nd and 3rd priorities. For 4th & 5th priorities are Roads (frequency 1345) and waste management (frequency 765). The total HHs in this project area is 2026 and total responses (MICS) are recorded 8304. It is to be noted that in some particular slums like Baitul Aman, Ambikapur (Uttar Alipur Railway colony), Vati Laxmipur Malopara, Kuthibari Lashkata Ghar colony are water logging area and community has to suffer a lot during rainy seasons as the kacha roads submerged.

Table 1: Problem type Frequency

Housing 336

Sanitary latrine 1628

Safe drinking water 1535

Drainage 1425

Road 1345

Waste Management 765

Eviction threat 401

Problem of unemployment 104

Long term lease of land 94

Child education 20

Adult education 12

Permanent ownership of land 59

Food problem 14

Earth filling 31

Electricity supply 80

Community housing 155

Poverty 210

Others 90

Total responses 8304

Problem Type Ranking

Sanitary latrine 1

Safe drinking water 2

Drainage 3

Road 4

Waste management 5



Table: Some major Issues which leads

community to knock Municipality

Production of sanitary napkin

& marketing 8%

Improve cook stove making

& selling 3%

Katha stitching/Embr

oidary 19%

Karchupi/block boutique printing

9%

Packaging or carton

production 3%

Animal husbandary

12%

Poultry rearing 7%

Tailoring 30%

Others 9%

Figure 10.1:TNA

Graph: Different

Service Providers

XI. Training Need Assessment

From the survey it has been found that about 28% respondent have shown their interest in different

IGA related training for karchupi/block printing (designing cloth) while 12% asking for training on

animal husbandry, 30% for

Tailoring, 8% for production and

marketing of sanitary napkin, 7%

for poultry and 3% for improve

cook stove making & selling.

The majority women as reported

have to spend their idle time in

gossiping. That’s why they are

requesting for introducing some

IGA related training which will

help them to earn money for their

family. There is a good demand for

karchupi/block printing in

Faridpur. Women in the

community have a vision to grab this opportunity and market through entrepreneurship.

XII. Community Governance

In 13 new Settlements : In the new 13 settlements there is no any

community based organization or committee of the community itself except some groups formed for getting microcredit facilities from local and national NGOs. This is for individual needs or development to some extent but not for the community as a whole. Individual needs may be full filled but the community needs rest in shelves due to proper guidance how to communicate Municipality to mitigate those. The community is not fully and clearly awarded about

the services of Municipality. They are not so frequent in

communications with concern Municipal Councilors. They mainly communicate with councilor to settle some family disputes, land dispute and sometimes individual interest.



CIF Quarterly Meeting

SIC members in Municipality

Budget Meeting SIC Members in TLCC Meeting

In 11 settlements under IUD 1st Phase: In 11 slums of IUD first phase each community has formed a committee for each respective slum as ‘Settlement Improvement Committee (SIC)’. The committee is guided by a 7 member executive body with the support of general body of 14 members. In the Executive body out of 7 members 4 are female. There is a provision for female members to take the post of either president or secretary is a must along with any other post for rest 3 female members suitable for them.

These 11 SICs formed a central body named ‘Community Improvement Federation (CIF)’. Each SIC represented by two of their Executive Committee members (President and Secretary) as general member in CIF. Both SIC and CIF have their constitutions registered in Social Welfare Department and operated as per approved Bi-laws.

Coordination & Communication:

Each month SIC sits in monthly meeting to discuss different issues related to community development. Discussion and decisions were recorded in a register book dully signed with all members participated along with guest like Municipality, Practical Action and others. In major issues CIF president also present in their monthly meetings. As situation required there more meetings held in a month. CIF leads the movement for different issues with Municipality and coordinated as well through its office in Municipality premises.

CIF members were present in some Major programme like Budget announcement, relief distribution and meeting like TLCC meeting regularly. Besides, CIF president also presents in project quarterly meeting and partners monthly meeting. Activities of SIC/CIF:

Both SIC and CIF have some regular activities within the community to maintain healthy social-economic environment. Any threat or scope of any anti-social activities like theft, drugs dealings are strongly and strictly handled by the SIC first then moved toward Municipality councilor or Mayor through CIF.

There are some credit facilities for the community people only from CIF central fund which is generated by deposits from each SIC, which helps community people to adopt and maintain different income generating activities.



XIII. Findings and Recommendation:

In this report we have tried to come up with some recommendation on the basis of the finding exist in the project area. Further, the following are the recommendation of the baseline survey:

A. Sanitary Latrine

In the surveyed area total 59% HHs are using single pit latrines which are found unhygienic due to no maintenance, broken water seal, required spaces, bad smell and improper ventilation. Overall, the sanitation management is grossly inadequate, posing a tremendous health challenge. This data indicate a high requirement of hygiene latrine in the surveyed area. In that case, advocacy and awareness program can lead jointly with partners and others GO/NGOs in the area.

B. Water source

100% of people of the project area mainly use tube well for drinking water. 17% tube wells have broken platform and 33% tube wells are without platform is a threat of contamination as very close to latrines. Besides all the tube well water is found with iron is a big problem to the community.

C. Internal Roads/footpath/Drain

Communities under low land area are facing water logging during rainy seasons. There is no drain inside and outside of the community. During heavy rain it remains stagnant and causes menace to the community, particularly damage sanitation system. Proper drainage system and roads or footpaths are required.

D. Software support and training need

1. There is a need to educate community people about the impact of safe water and hygiene sanitation in the areas.

2. Among the surveyed area, maintenance and cleanliness of latrine and tube well was very poor. There is a need to incorporate hands on training as well as to establish a proper monitoring and supervising system among the community.

3. For sustainable development, livelihood training like, Income Generating Activity (IGA), vocational training can be introduce in the community.



11 settlements need a drive for operation & maintenance of latrines, water points to maintain hygiene. Health worker from Municipality can play a vital role on health hygiene issues of mothers and adolescent girls particularly on the issue of menstrual hygiene. Waste management system is vulnerable as SICs are no longer under waste collection services. CIF has

scope to raise these issues during their meeting with Municipality through waste management steering committee. CIF loan program within its settlements is appreciable but needs support to develop their management skill, record keeping and reporting. Training on IGA should be on selected trade and service oriented. There is a

better opportunity to introduce new initiative like SaniMart. Proactive role of partner organization is essential for community mobilization.

Note of

CONCLUSION



ANNEXURE: PICTORIAL Baseline Situation

Documents

Baseline Survey Report 2012 - Practical Actioncdn1.practicalaction.org/b/a/5412afef-a58c-44fe-930b-69180a000047.pdf · Baseline Survey Report 2012 ... with soap at key hand washing