Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile, Tanzania Zanzibar · 2014-11-12 · Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile; Tanzania Zanzibar iii Executive Summary The 2012 Tanzania

The United Republic of Tanzania

Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile,

Tanzania Zanzibar

and

April, 2014

Office of Chief Government Statistician

Ministry of State, President Office, State House

and Good Governance

Zanzibar

National Bureau of Statistics

Ministry of Finance

Dar es Salaam

Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile; Tanzania Zanzibar

TANZANIA ZANZIBAR, ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES


i

Foreword

The 2012 Population and Housing Census (PHC) for the United Republic of Tanzania was carried

out on the 26th

August, 2012. This was the fifth Census after the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

in 1964. Other Censuses were carried out in 1967, 1978, 1988 and 2002. The 2012 PHC, like

previous censuses, will contribute to the improvement of quality of life of Tanzanians through the

provision of current and reliable data for policy formulation, development planning and services

delivery as well as for monitoring and evaluating national and international development

frameworks.

The 2012 PHC was unique as the collected information will be used in monitoring and evaluating

the Development Vision 2025 for Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar Development Vision 2020,

Five Year Development Plan 2011/12–2015/16, National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of

Poverty (NSGRP) commonly known as MKUKUTA and Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and

Reduction of Poverty (ZSGRP) commonly known as MKUZA. The census will also provide

information for the evaluation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015. The

Poverty Monitoring Master Plan, which is the monitoring tool for NSGRP and ZSGRP, mapped out

core indicators for poverty monitoring against the sequence of surveys, with the 2012 PHC being

one of them. Several of these core indicators for poverty monitoring are measured directly from the

2012 PHC. The census provides a denominator for the determination of other indicators such as

enrolment and literacy rates, infant and maternal mortality rates, unemployment rate and others.

The success of the census depended upon the cooperation and contributions from the Government,

development partners, various institutions and the public at large. A special word of thanks should

go to government leaders at all levels particularly, Minister for Finance; Minister of State,

President‟s Office, Finance, Economy and Development Planning, Zanzibar; Members of

Parliament; Members of House of Representatives; Councilors; Regional and District Census

Committees chaired by Regional and District Commissioners; Supervisors; Field Assistants;

Enumerators; local leaders and heads of households.

Our special gratitude should go to the following; DfID, Government of Japan, JICA, UNDP,

UNFPA, UNICEF, USAID, World Bank and other development partners for providing assistance

in terms of equipment, long and short term consultancies, training and funding. We would like to

thank religious and political party leaders, as well as Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs),


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mass media and the general public for their contribution towards successful implementation of the

Census.

Last but not least, we would wish to acknowledge the vital contributions to the project by Hajjat

Amina Mrisho Said, the 2012 Commissioner for Population and Housing Census and Mr. Mwalim

Haji Ameir, the Census Commissar for Zanzibar. Special thanks should also go to the Management

and staff of the National Bureau of Statistics and Office of Chief Government Statistician,

Zanzibar. Their commitment and dedication made significant contributions to the overall efficiency

of the census operations. We would also like to convey our appreciation to all other Government

Officials who worked tirelessly to ensure successful implementation of the 2012 Population and

Housing Census.

April, 2014

Hon. Mizengo Peter Pinda (MP),

Prime Minister, United Republic of Tanzania

Hon. Ambassador Seif Ali Iddi (MP and MHR),

Second Vice President, Zanzibar


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Executive Summary

The 2012 Tanzania Zanzibar Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile provides a short

descriptive analysis and related tables on main thematic areas covered in the 2012 Population and

Housing Census. Areas covered are population size, growth and distribution, age and sex profile,

household composition, marital status, citizenship, birth registration and disability. Other topics are

survival of parents; education and literacy; economic activity; housing conditions; household assets

and amenities; agriculture and livestock; fertility and mortality. In many cases, characteristics have

been disaggregated by location (rural and urban) and where possible comparisons have been made

with past Census(es) to observe the trend over time. Related tables are presented in a separate

publication (Detailed Statistical Tables for Tanzania Zanzibar Basic Demographic and Socio-

Economic Profile Vol. IIIF).

The new topics that were covered in 2012 PHC for the first time since 1967 which was the first

Census after the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar were; Birth Registration, Agriculture and

Livestock, Day Population, Diaspora, Social Security Schemes, Refuse Disposal, Cause of Death

and Maternal Health.

Chapter One presents an overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census. The chapter

highlights the brief history of census undertaking in the country, main objective of undertaking the

2012 PHC, preparation and execution of census activities and highlights challenges associated with

age data in most developing countries including Tanzania. Subsequently, it is observed that the

2012 PHC data is affected by misreporting of age and sex data. Evidence shows strong preference

for ages ending in digits “0” and “5”, and avoidance of ages ending in digits “1”, “3” and “9”.

Nonetheless, this may not affect the quality of indicators derived from the census data as there are

internationally recommended procedures for correcting the anomalies.

Chapter Two gives a user of this publication an understanding on the size, growth and distribution

of Tanzania Zanzibar population from the 2012 PHC and previous censuses. The chapter reveals

that Tanzania Zanzibar had a population of 1,303,569 persons in 2012 with a sex ratio of 94.

Population of Tanzania Zanzibar is growing at a rate of 2.8 percent annually, representing an

increase of 32 percent over a 10 year period since 2002. This rate of increase is high even by

African standards. At the current growth, the population of Tanzania Zanzibar will double in the

next 24 years. Forty Six (46) percent of Tanzania Zanzibar population was living in Urban Areas.


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Chapter Three is about age and sex profile of the Tanzanian Zanzibar population. The Chapter

gives population by major age groups and sex. The data depicts a young population age structure

with a median age of 18.4 years. Forty three (43) percent of the population is aged below 15 years,

and only three (3) percent was aged 65 years and above.

Household composition is explained in Chapter Four. Tanzania Zanzibar had a total of 250,212

private households, out of which 137,662 (55 percent) were in Rural Areas and 112,550 (45

percent) were in Urban Areas. Nearly one third of households in both Rural and Urban Areas were

headed by females. Percentage of households in Urban Areas had increased from 39 percent in

2002 Census to 45 percent in 2012 Census indicating increasing urbanization in Tanzania Zanzibar.

Average household size was 5.1 persons per household. Urban households with an average

household size of 5.3 persons per household were relatively bigger than rural households (5.0

persons per household). Moreover, female headed households were more than twice the size of

males headed households. Average number of persons per household in female headed households

was 8.6 compared to 3.6for male headed households.

Chapter Five reveals that, marriage is almost universal in Tanzania Zanzibar. Over fifty percent of

persons in age groups 25 – 74 are either married or living together. The trend being that as age

increases the proportion in the never married category decreases. Comparison between 2002 and

2012 Censuses show a slight difference in marital status categories. The results also show that,

females get married at a younger age than males. The mean age at marriage in 2012 was 26.3 years

for males and 23.3 years for females. The mean age at first marriage for females increased from

22.2 years in 2002 to 23.3 years in 2012, while the mean age at first marriage for males slightly

decreased from 27.9 in 2002 to 26.3 years in 2012.

Chapter Six reveals that 99 percent of the enumerated populations were Tanzanians. Majority of

foreigners were from Italy, Great Britain and Kenya. India and China represented a relatively large

number of Asians in the country. Census results reveal that 71 percent of Tanzania Zanzibar had

birth certificates and six (6) percent had not completed the process of registration. Percentage of

population with birth certificates was relatively higher among younger generation than older

population indicating an improvement in registration activities in recent years.


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Chapter Seven is about survival of parents. Results reveal that 71 percent of all persons in Tanzania

Zanzibar and 94 percent of all children below 18 years had both their parents alive. Census results

further show that less than one (1) percent of population below 18 years had both their parents

dead. However, in international and Tanzanian context, an ”orphan” is a person who has lost one or

both of his or her parents. By that broad definition, 10 percent of the population were orphans.

Incidences of orphanhood were highest in Kusini Unguja (11.4 percent) and Mjini Magharibi (11.3

percent).

The 2012 PHC collected data on diaspora. Households were asked to state if there was any

member(s) of the household who was living outside the country at the time of the census and

whether households received any remittance. Chapter Eight reveals that two (2) percent of total

private households in Tanzania Zanzibar reported to have at least one former member of the

households who was living outside the country. Results reveal that 16,039 persons were outside the

country at the time of the Census. Most of the diasporas were living in Great Britain, Kenya and

USA. On remittances, results show that 33 percent of diasporas sent remittances to Tanzania

Zanzibar 12 months prior the 2012 Census.

Chapter Nine gives Census results on literacy and education. The General literacy rate (i.e. literacy

among population aged five years and above) was 80 percent. Literacy rate was highest among

those of age between 10 and 44 years and was also higher among the urban population (89 percent)

than the rural population (72 percent). Adult literacy rate (i.e. literacy rate for population aged 15

years and above) was 84 percent and higher in Urban Areas (93 percent) than in Rural Areas (76

percent). Adult literacy for males at 88 percent was significantly higher than that of females (81

percent). Adult literacy rates vary among regions, ranging from 68 percent in Kaskazini Pemba

region and 93 percent in Mjini Magharibi. Comparison between 2002 and 2012 reveals an increase

in levels of literacy in Tanzania Zanzibar. General literacy increased from 65 percent in 2002 to 80

percent in 2012 while adult literacy increased from 71 percent in 2002 to 84 percent in 2012.

Census results show an improvement in primary school enrolment. Net Enrolment Rate (NER)

increased from 71 percent in 2002 to 86 percent in 2012. NER was higher in Urban Areas (92

percent) than in Rural Areas (81 percent). Female net enrolment rate at 87 percent was relatively

higher than that of males at 84 percent. Gross enrolment ratio was higher in Urban Areas (110

percent) compared to Rural Areas (102 percent). There were slight differences in gross enrolment

among sexes in both Rural and Urban Areas.


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The 2012 PHC collected information on usual and current economic activities among population

aged 10 years and above. Chapter 10 shows that 43 percent of the total population of aged 10 years

and above was employed in the 12 months prior to Census night. A slight difference is observed

with current activity where results show that 42 percent was employed. Results further show that

majority of the population was engaged in Own non-agriculture activities (37 percent). Main

occupation among majority of working Tanzanians in Zanzibar was Farming (30 percent) and

service workers, shop and stall sales workers (17 percent). Commercial agriculture and food crops

employs more persons than any other occupation in Tanzania Zanzibar (37 percent), followed by

raw food sales (uncooked food) (8 percent), fishing, hunting, livestock and other related (8 percent)

and Manufacturing (7 percent).

Chapter Eleven deals with disability. Disability data were collected on the basis of activity

limitation rather than physical condition. Persons with disabilities in this publication are those

persons with long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairment which, in interaction

with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective participation in the society on an equal

footing with others. Difficulty in seeing was the most common type of disability. About two (2)

percent of the population reported having this type of disability. Albinism (0.03 percent) and Other

types of disabilities (0.2 percent) were the least type of disabilities reported.

Information on housing conditions, assets and amenities are elaborated in Chapter Twelve. The

2012 PHC results show that over three quarters (78 percent) of the households in Tanzania

Zanzibar were living in their own houses. The percentage of households living in their own houses

was higher in Rural (89 percent) than Urban Areas (66 percent). Thirty nine (39) percent of house

owners had no legal right over the land where the house was built. It was also revealed that, thirty

five percent of house owners had title deeds followed by customary ownership (20 percent).

The 2012 PHC also collected information on building materials for the main house of the

household. Results show that 81 percent of all private households used modern materials (iron

sheets, tiles, concrete and asbestos) as the main roofing material. Use of modern materials was

higher in Urban Areas (97 percent) than in Rural Areas (69 percent). Data on flooring materials

revealed that 69 percent of the total households used cement as the main flooring material followed

by earth or sand (29 percent). Fifty five (55) percent of all private households in Tanzania Zanzibar

had their houses walls built of cement bricks. Other commonly used wall materials were poles and


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mud (25 percent) and stones (17 percent). On room occupancy, results show that 42 percent of the

households in Tanzania Zanzibar had one or two rooms used for sleeping.

As for the main source of drinking water, 73 percent of all households used piped water as their

main source of drinking water (27 percent had water piped into their houses, 15 percent had water

piped to the yard and 31 percent used public tap). Percentage of households using piped water in

Urban Areas was 77 percent compared with 70 percent in Rural Area.

Use of modern sources of energy (electricity or gas) for cooking in Tanzania Zanzibar was very

low even in Urban Areas. Only five (5) percent of households reported using modern source of

energy for cooking. The majority of households (92 percent) used wood-fuel (64 percent firewood

and 28 percent charcoal) as the main source of energy for cooking.

As for source of energy for lighting, 52 percent of all households used kerosene (wick lamps,

lantern or chimney and pressure lamp) for lighting. The main source of energy for lighting in Urban

Areas was electricity (75 percent) compared with 17 percent in Rural Areas. The main source of

energy for lighting in Rural Areas was kerosene (67 percent) in wick lamps. Percentage of

households using electricity as the main source of energy for lighting has almost doubled since

2002. Forty three (43) percent of households reported using electricity for lighting in 2012

compared to 24 percent in 2002.

With regard to toilet facilities, most of the private households used pit latrine with washable lid (32

percent) followed by flush or pour to covered pit (20 percent) while 19 percent of the households

had no toilet facilities. The problem of households without toilets is more pronounced in Kaskazini

Pemba (53 percent) compared with other regions in Tanzania Zanzibar. Sixty three (63) percent of

households reported Other Dumping as the most common type of refuse disposal and only 11

percent of households reported that household refuse was regularly collected.

Concerning ownership of assets, results show that a mobile phone was the most commonly owned

asset by households (80 percent), followed by house (75 percent), radio (70 percent) and hand hoe

(54 percent). Ownership of assets was higher among male-headed than among female-headed

households.


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The 2012 Population and Housing Census collected data on agriculture for the purpose of obtaining

a frame that can be used in conducting future agriculture sample censuses and surveys. Agriculture

continues to be main activity for the majority of private households in Tanzania Zanzibar. Results

revealed that 49 percent of all private households in Tanzania Zanzibar were engaged in

agricultural activities during the 2011/12 agricultural season. Agriculture is also an economic

activity even in Urban Areas where 21 percent of urban households reported to be engaged in

agriculture in 2011/12 season. Thirty three (33) percent of all private households reported keeping

at least one livestock on a Census night. However, fish farming is not common in Tanzania

Zanzibar as less than one (0.4) percent of households reported the activity.

To avoid production of voluminous reports, the NBS has decided to produce three different

publications on Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profiles for United Republic of Tanzania

(Vol. IIIA), Tanzania Mainland (Vol. IIIB) and Tanzania Zanzibar (Vol. IIIC). Separate

publications titled Detailed Statistical Tables for Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profiles

were also produced (Vol. IIID - National, Vol. IIIE – Tanzania Mainland and Vol. IIIF – Tanzania

Zanzibar). These publications are available on the NBS and OCGS websites via web database for

easy access.


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Summary of Key Indicators for Tanzania Zanzibar, Rural and Urban, 2012 Census

Indicator

Tanzania Zanzibar Rural Urban

Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

Population Size, Growth and Distribution

Total Population 1,303,569 100.0 699,803 53.7 603,766 46.3

Male 630,677 48.4 343,558 49.1 287,119 47.6

Female 672,892 51.6 356,245 50.9 316,647 52.4

Average Annual Intercensal Growth Rate

(2002 – 2012) - 2.8 - 1.7 - 4.4

Age and Sex Profile

Children (0–4 years) 203,937 15.6 117,381 16.8 86,556 14.3

Male 102,309 16.2 59,115 17.2 43,194 15.0

Female 101,628 15.1 58,266 16.4 43,362 13.7

Young Population (0–14 years) 554,349 42.5 313,718 44.8 240,631 39.9

Male 277,503 44.0 159,432 46.4 118,071 41.1

Female 276,846 41.1 154,286 43.3 122,560 38.7


Male 318,223 50.5 182,086 53.0 136,137 47.4

Female 320,045 47.6 176,506 49.5 143,539 45.3

Elderly Population (60+ years) 58,311 4.5 35,457 5.1 22,854 3.8

Male 29,887 4.7 18,541 5.4 11,346 4.0

Female 28,424 4.2 16,916 4.7 11,508 3.6


Male 18,478 2.9 12,009 3.5 6,469 2.3

Female 18,248 2.7 10,985 3.1 7,263 2.3

Household Composition

Total Number of Private Households 250,212 100.0 137,662 55.0 112,550 45.0

Male Headed Households 172,379 68.9 95,642 69.5 76,737 68.2

Female Headed Households 77,833 31.1 42,020 30.5 35,813 31.8

Average Household Size1 - 5.1 - 5.0 - 5.3

Average Household Size Headed by Male

1 - 3.6 - 3.5 - 3.7

Average Household Size Headed by Female1 - 8.6 - 8.4 - 8.7

Marital Status (15 years and above)

Married 414,734 56.5 224,565 59.3 190,169 53.5

Never Married 265,819 36.2 126,822 33.5 138,997 39.1

1The values of these items are averages and not percentages


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Indicator



Living Together 4,576 0.6 2,077 0.5 2,499 0.5

Separated 1,660 0.2 972 0.3 688 0.2

Divorced 31,830 4.3 15,733 4.2 16,097 4.5

Widows 15,548 2.1 8,354 2.2 7,194 2.0

Citizenship and Birth Registration

Citizenship:

Tanzanians 1,296,965 99.5 696,335 99.5 600,630 99.5

Non – Tanzanians 6,604 0.5 3,468 0.5 3,136 0.5

Birth Registration:

Population with Birth Certificates 912,761 71.0 422,275 61.2 490,486 82.5

Population with Birth Notification 71,940 5.6 55,357 8.0 16,583 2.8

Orphanhood (one or both parents dead)

Child Orphans (0-17 years) 36,645 5.8 1,8403 5.2 18,242 6.6

Male 18,090 5.7 9,421 5.2 8,669 6.4

Female 18,555 5.9 8,982 5.1 9,573 6.7

Diaspora

Tanzanians Living Abroad 16,039 1.2 2,615 16.3 13,424 83.7

Male 9,260 1.5 1,593 17.2 7,667 82.8

Female 6,779 1.0 1,022 15.1 5,757 84.9

Literacy and Education

Literacy Rate (five years and above) 866,040 80.0 415,193 72.4 450,847 88.6

Adult Literacy Rate (15 years and above) 618,485 84.2 289,013 76.4 329,472 92.6

Literacy Rate (15-24) 245,640 94.1 120,687 90.5 124,953 97.8

Literacy Rate (15- 35) 421,810 91.4 199,555 86.2 222,255 96.6

Net Enrolment Ratio in Primary Schools 207,124 85.9 108,873 80.8 98,251 92.3

Gross Enrolment Ratio in Primary Schools 254,144 105.3 137,438 101.9 116,706 109.7

Highest Level of Education Attainment

Total 323,097 100.0 126,877 39.3 196,220 60.7

Primary School 48,628 15.1 18,606 14.7 30,022 15.3

Training after Primary 1,548 0.5 600 0.5 948 0.5

Secondary School 255,927 79.2 103,368 81.5 152,559 77.7

Training after Secondary 4,004 1.2 1,564 1.2 2,440 1.2

University and Others 12,990 4.0 2,739 2.2 10,251 5.2

Economic Activity

Legislators Administrators and Managers 7,188 1.9 3,072 1.4 4,117 2.6

Professional 12,723 3.4 4,181 1.9 8,544 5.3

Technicians and Associate Professionals 22,930 6.0 8,424 3.8 14,506 9.1


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Indicator



Clerks 8,689 2.3 1,841 0.8 6,848 4.3

Small Business Managers 5,892 1.6 1,186 0.5 4,705 2.9

Service Workers Shop and Stall Sales Workers 63,908 16.9 17,732 8.1 46,176 28.9

Street Vendors and Related Workers 15,109 4.0 3,795 1.7 11,317 7.1

Crafts and Related Workers 38,689 10.2 13,978 6.4 24,711 15.4

Farmers 113,973 30.1 103,011 47 10,960 6.9

Livestock Keepers 3,567 0.9 2,490 1.1 1,074 0.7

Fishermen 25,763 6.8 22,038 10.1 3,725 2.3

Plant Machine Operators and Assemblers inc.

drivers 7,890 2.1 2,660 1.2 5,236 3.3

Elementary Occupations 43,703 11.5 30,536 13.9 13,165 8.2

Other 9,110 2.4 4,201 1.9 4,911 3.0

Disability

Type of Disability:

Albinism 350 0.03 178 0.03 172 0.03

Seeing 27,317 2.13 15,739 2.28 11,578 1.95

Hearing 15,140 1.18 9,895 1.43 5,245 0.88

Walking 11,461 0.89 6,643 0.96 4,818 0.81

Remembering 10,650 0.83 6,471 0.94 4,179 0.70

Self-Care 7,501 0.58 4,352 0.63 3,149 0.53

Other Disability 2,295 0.18 1,902 0.28 393 0.07

Housing Conditions

Type of Tenure:

Owned by Household 195,660 78.2 121,800 88.5 73,860 65.6

Living without Paying any Rent 25,548 10.2 11,475 8.3 14,073 12.5

Rented Privately 21,773 8.7 2,355 1.7 19,418 17.3

Rented by Employer 1,753 0.7 397 0.3 1,357 1.2

Rented by Government at Subsidized Rent 2,836 1.1 367 0.3 2,468 2.2

Owned by Employer (Free) 2,016 0.8 1,088 0.8 928 0.8

Owned by Employer (Rent) 625 0.2 180 0.1 445 0.4

Main Materials Used for Walls:

Stones 41,373 16.54 26,302 19.11 15,070 13.39

Cement Bricks 138,299 55.27 47,223 34.30 91,077 80.92

Sundried Bricks 5,713 2.28 4,573 3.32 1,140 1.01

Baked Bricks

1,479 0.59 1,058 0.77 421 0.37

Timber 46 0.02 37 0.03 10 0.01

Timber and Iron Sheets 203 0.08 174 0.13 28 0.02

Poles and Mud 61,384 24.53 56,682 41.17 4,701 4.18

Grass 1683 0.67 1,586 1.15 97 0.09

Tent 32 0.01 26 0.02 6 0.01


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Indicator



Main Materials Used for Flooring:

Earth or Sand 71,436 28.6 63,991

46.5 7,445 6.6

Non Earth 178,776 71.4 73,671 53.5 105,105 93.4

Main Materials Used for Roofing:

Iron Sheets 196,648 78.6 93,336 67.8 103,312 91.8

Grass or Leaves 44,753 17.9 41,265 30.0 3,488 3.1

Mud and Leaves 1,337 0.5 1,243 0.9 94 0.1

Other 7,473 3.0 1,816 1.3 5,657 5.0

Household Amenities

Main Source of Energy for Lighting:

Kerosene 129,806 51.9 105,294 76.5 24,514 21.8

Electricity 107,457 42.9 23,172 16.8 84,284 74.9

Other 12,949 5.2 9,196 6.7 3,752 3.3

Main Source of Energy for Cooking:

Firewood 160,793 64.3 122,881 89.3 37,912 33.7

Charcoal 70,366 28.1 10,023 7.3 60,343 53.6

Kerosene 5,518 2.2 2,326 1.7 3,192 2.8

Electricity 9,875 3.9 1,922 1.4 7,955 7.1

Other 3,660 1.5 510 0.4 3,148 2.8

Main Source of Drinking Water:

Piped Water 182,853 73.1 95,865 69.6 86,987 77.3

Other Protected Sources 29,012 11.6 8,622 6.3 20,391 18.1

Unprotected Sources 38,347 15.3 33,176 24.1 5,172 4.6

Main Type of Toilet Facilities:

Flush Toilet 86,869 34.7 28,084 20.4 58,785 52.2

Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine (VIP) 7,475 3.0 3,093 2.2 4,381 3.9

Pit Latrine 107,422 42.9 59,835 43.5 47,588 42.3

Other Facilities 226 0.1 155 0.1 71 0.1

No Toilet Facility 48,221 19.3 46,496 33.8 1,725 1.5

Type of Refuse Disposal:

Collected by Company or Authority 32,795 13.1 371 0.3 32,424 28.8

Burnt 42,865 17.1 26,801 19.5 16,065 14.3

Roadside dumping 1,288 0.5 411 0.3 876 0.8

Burying/Pit 15,907 6.4 8,404 6.1 7,504 6.7

Other Dumping Methods (bush, open space) 157,356 62.9 101,675 73.8 55,682 49.5

Ownership of Household Assets

Radio 174,806 69.9 90,542 65.8 84,264 74.9

Mobile Phone 200,864 80.3 98,263 71.4 102,601 91.2

Hand Hoes 136,094 54.4 102,692 74.6 33,402 29.7

Television 86,248 34.5 16,297 11.8 69,952 62.2

Land or Farm 106,752 42.7 79,618 57.8 27,134 24.1


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Indicator



House 188,151 75.2 118,396 86.0 69,755 62.0

Bicycle 111,805 44.7 64,379 46.8 47,425 42.1

Motorcycle or Vespa 25,137 10.0 7,963 5.8 17,174 15.3

Power Tiller 996 0.4 615 0.4 381 0.3

Household Membership to Social Security scheme

National Health Insurance or Community Health

(NHIF or CHF) 1,351 0.5 332 0.2 1,019 0.9

Public Service Pension Fund (PSPF) 1,722 0.7 428 0.3 1,294 1.1

Zanzibar Social Security Fund (ZSSF) 34,149 13.6 11,950 8.7 22,199 19.7

Parastatal Pensions Fund ( PPF) 793 0.3 166 0.1 627 0.6

National Social Security Fund (NSSF) 3,050 1.2 766 0.6 2284 2.0

Local Authorities Pension Fund (LAPF) 124 0.1 62 0.1 62 0.1


xiv

Contents

Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................... i

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ iii

Summary of Key Indicators for Tanzania Zanzibar, Rural and Urban, 2012 Census ...................... ix

List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... xviii

List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... xxv

List of Maps ............................................................................................................................... xxvii

Concepts and Definitions ............................................................................................................. xxix

Chapter One ..................................................................................................................................... 1

Overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census ............................................................... 1

1.1 What is a Population Census? ............................................................................................. 1

1.1.1 A Brief History of Census Undertaking in Tanzania .......................................................... 1

1.2 Objectives of the 2012 PHC ............................................................................................... 2

1.3 Preparations for the 2012 PHC ........................................................................................... 2

1.3.3 Development of Census Instruments .................................................................................. 4

1.4 Census Enumeration Activities ........................................................................................... 7

1.5 Data Processing ................................................................................................................. 10

1.6 Quality Assurance Procedures .......................................................................................... 11

Chapter Two .................................................................................................................................. 12

Population Size, Growth and Distribution .................................................................................. 12

2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 12

2.2 Enumerated Population by Record Type .......................................................................... 12

2.3 Population Size and Growth ............................................................................................. 13

2.4 Population Distribution ..................................................................................................... 15

Chapter Three ............................................................................................................................... 17

Age and Sex Profile ....................................................................................................................... 17

3.1 Quality of Age and Sex data ............................................................................................. 17

3.2 Age and Sex Profile .......................................................................................................... 18


xv

3.3 Population Distribution by Selected Age Groups ............................................................. 22

Chapter Four ................................................................................................................................. 29

Household Composition ................................................................................................................ 29

4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 29

4.2 Number of Households ..................................................................................................... 29

4.3 Average Household Size ................................................................................................... 32

4.4 Household Headship ......................................................................................................... 33

Chapter Five .................................................................................................................................. 35

Marital Status ................................................................................................................................ 35

5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 35

5.2 Marital Status .................................................................................................................... 35

5.3 Mean Age at First Marriage .............................................................................................. 42

Chapter Six .................................................................................................................................... 45

Citizenship and Birth Registration .............................................................................................. 45

6.1 Citizenship ........................................................................................................................ 45

6.2 Birth Certificate ................................................................................................................ 47

Chapter Seven ................................................................................................................................ 51

Survival of Parents ........................................................................................................................ 51

7.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 51

7.2 Survival of Parents ............................................................................................................ 51

7.3 Orphans in Tanzania Zanzibar .......................................................................................... 58

Chapter Eight ................................................................................................................................ 60

Diaspora ........................................................................................................................................ 60

8.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 60

8.2 Number of Persons Living in Diaspora ............................................................................ 60


xvi

Chapter Nine .................................................................................................................................. 65

Literacy and Education ................................................................................................................ 65

9.1 Literacy ............................................................................................................................. 65

9.1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 65

9.1.2 Literacy Status in Tanzania Zanzibar ............................................................................... 65

9.1.3 Adult Literacy ................................................................................................................... 68

9.2 Education ......................................................................................................................... 76

9.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 76

9.2.2 School Attendance Status ................................................................................................. 76

9.2.3 Net and Gross School Enrolment ...................................................................................... 81

9.2.4 Education Attainment ....................................................................................................... 86

Chapter Ten ................................................................................................................................... 88

Economic Activity ......................................................................................................................... 88

10. 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 88

10.2 Usual Economic Activity .................................................................................................. 88

10.3 Current Economic Activity ............................................................................................... 93

10.4 Employment Status ........................................................................................................... 98

10.5 Main Occupation ............................................................................................................ 102

10.6. Main Industry .................................................................................................................. 105

Chapter Eleven ............................................................................................................................ 108

Disability ...................................................................................................................................... 108

11.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 108

11.2 Persons with Disabilities (Five year age groups) ............................................................ 108

11.3 Persons with disability (Ten year age groups) ................................................................ 112

Chapter Twelve ........................................................................................................................... 116

Housing Conditions, Household Assets and Amenities ............................................................ 116

12.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 116

12.2 Ownership Status of the Main Dwelling Used by the Household .................................. 116

12.3 Legal Right over the Ownership of Land Where Main Dwelling is Located ................. 117

12.4 Building Materials for Roofing ....................................................................................... 118


xvii

12.5 Building Materials for Flooring ...................................................................................... 118

12.6 Building Materials for Walls .......................................................................................... 119

12.7 Rooms for Sleeping ....................................................................................................... 120

12.8 Source of Drinking Water ............................................................................................... 122

12.9 Source of Energy ............................................................................................................ 125

12.9.1 Source of Energy for Cooking ........................................................................................ 125

12.10 Type of Toilet Facility .................................................................................................... 132

12.11 Refuse Disposal .............................................................................................................. 134

12.12 Ownership of Assets ....................................................................................................... 135

12.13 Social Security Schemes ................................................................................................... 137

Chapter Thirteen ......................................................................................................................... 139

Agriculture and Livestock .......................................................................................................... 139

13.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 139

13.1 Agricultural Households ................................................................................................. 139

13.2 Livestock and Poultry ..................................................................................................... 141

13.3 Fish Farming ................................................................................................................... 145

References ..................................................................................................................................... 146

Annexes: Questionnaires ............................................................................................................... 147


xviii

List of Tables

Table 2. 1: Enumerated Population by Record Type, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 13

Table 2. 2: Enumerated Population by Record Type and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 13

Table 2. 3: Population Size and Growth Rate by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 1988 to 2012

Censuses .................................................................................................................... 14

Table 2. 4: Population Distribution by Region, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census ............................................................................................................... 15

Table 2. 5: Population Size and Growth by Region, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 1988 to 2012 Census ................................................................................. 16

Table 3. 1: Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census ............................................................................................................... 18

Table 3. 2: Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar

Rural, 2012 Census .................................................................................................... 19

Table 3. 3: Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar

Urban, 2012 Census ................................................................................................... 19

Table 3. 4: Population Distribution by Selected Age Groups, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 23

Table 4. 1: Total Number of Private Households by Age and Sex of Head of Household,

Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................................... 30

Table 4. 2: Number and Percentage Distribution of Private Households by Region, Rural

and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................................................. 31

Table 4. 3: Population Size, Number of Households and Average Household Size by

Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses .............................................. 32

Table 4. 4: Households and Average Household Size by Region and Sex of Head, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 34

Table 5. 1: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year

Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ........................... 36

Table 5. 2: Percentage Distribution of Male Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five

Year Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................. 38

Table 5. 3: Percentage Distribution of Female Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five

Year Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................. 38


Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ................. 39


xix

Table 5. 5: Percentage Distribution of Male Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five

Year Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ........ 39


Year Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ........ 40


Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census ................ 40

Table 5. 8: Percentage Distribution of Male Population Aged 15 Years and Above by

FiveYear Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 41


Year Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census ....... 41

Table 5. 10: Percentage of Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Region and Marital

Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................................................................... 42

Table 5. 11: Mean Age at First Marriage by Region and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and

2012 Censuses ........................................................................................................... 44

Table 6. 1: Number and Percentage Distribution of Enumerated Population by Citizenship

and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................................................................ 46

Table 6. 2: Percentage Population by Status of Birth Certificate by Five Year Age Group

and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................................................................ 48


and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ...................................................... 49


and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census ..................................................... 50

Table 6. 5: Percentage Population by Status of Birth Certificate, Region and Sex, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 50

Table 7. 1: Population Distribution by Age Groups and Survival of Parents, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 52

Table 7. 2: Distribution of Male Population by Age Groups and Survival of Parents,


Table 7. 3: Distribution Female Population by Age Groups and Survival of Parents,


Table 7. 4: Regional Distribution of Persons by Survival Status of Parents, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 54

Table 7. 5: Regional Distribution of Males by Survival Status of Parents, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 54


xx

Table 7. 6: Regional Distribution of Females by Survival Status of Parents, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 54

Table 7. 7: Regional Distribution of Persons by Survival Status of Parents, Tanzania

Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ..................................................................................... 55

Table 7. 8: Regional Distribution of Persons by Survival Status of Parents, Tanzania Zanzibar

Urban, 2012 Census ................................................................................................... 55

Table 7. 9: Percentage Distribution of Persons by Selected Age Groups and Survival of

Parents, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................................................................. 56

Table 7. 10: Percentage Distribution of Males by Selected Age Groups and Survival of


Table 7. 11: Percentage Distribution of Females by Selected Age Groups and Survival of



Parents, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ....................................................... 57


Parents, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census ...................................................... 57

Table 7. 14: Regional Percentage Distribution of Children below Age 18 Years by Survival

of Parents, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................. 59

Table 8. 1: Number and Percentage of Households with Diaspora by Region, Rural and

Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census. ....................................................... 60

Table 8. 2: Number and Percentage of Households with Diaspora by Region and Number of

Persons Living Abroad, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ........................................ 61

Table 8. 3: Number and Percentage of Tanzanians as Reported at Household Level, Living

Outside Tanzania Zanzibar by Country of Residence, Rural and Urban, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 62

Table 8. 4: Number and Percentage of Tanzanians as Reported at Household Level Living

Abroad by Country of Residence and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .......... 63

Table 8. 5: Percentage of Diaspora Remitting from Abroad by Sex and Country of

Residence, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census. ........................................................... 64

Table 9. 1: Population Aged Five Years and Above by Five Year Age Groups, Sex and

Literacy Rate, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ....................................................... 66


Literacy, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ...................................................... 66


Literacy, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census .................................................... 67


xxi

Table 9. 4: Literacy Rates of Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups, Sex, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................. 68

Table 9. 5: Comparison of Literacy Rates for Persons Aged 15 Years and Above by Region

and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses ............................................. 71

Table 9. 6: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by Five Year

Age Groups and Literacy Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ......................... 73

Table 9. 7: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by Region,

Sex, Literacy Status, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ...... 74

Table 9. 8: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by School

Attendance Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................................................ 77

Table 9. 9: Percentage Distribution of Rural Population Aged Five Years and Above by Sex

and School Attendance Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................. 79

Table 9. 10: Percentage Distribution of Urban Population Aged Five Years and Above by Sex

and School attendance Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................. 80

Table 9. 11: Net Enrolment Ratios in Primary Schools by Region, Rural, Urban and Sex,


Table 9. 12: Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by Level of Educational

Attainment and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................. 86

Table 10. 1: Percentage Distribution of Total Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five

Year Age Groups and Type of Usual Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .... 89


Age Groups and Type of Usual Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ... 90


Age Groups and Type of Usual Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census .. 90


Age Groups and Type of Usual Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Males, 2012 Census .. 91


Age Groups and Type of Usual Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Females, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 91

Table 10. 6: Distribution of Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Type of Usual

Economic Activity (Last 12 Months) by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 93


Age Groups and Type of Current Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .......... 94


Age Groups and Type of Current Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 95


xxii


Age Groups and Type of Current Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 95

Table 10.10: Percentage Distribution of Male Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five

Year Age Groups and Type of Current Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 96

Table 10.11: Percentage Distribution of Female Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five

Year Age Groups and Type of Current Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 97

Table 10.12: Distribution of Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Type of Current

Economic Activity (Last 7 Days) by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ...... 98

Table 10.13: Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year

Age Groups and Employment Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................. 99

Table 10.14: Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year

Age Groups and Employment Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ........ 99

Table10.15: Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year

Age Groups and Employment Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census ..... 100

Table10.16: Distribution of Employed Male Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five

Year Age Groups and Employment Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ....... 100

Table10.17: Distribution of Employed Female Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five

Year Age Groups and Employment Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ....... 101

Table 10.18: Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Employment

Status and Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................. 101

Table 10.19: Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and above by Five Year

Age Groups and Main Occupation, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................... 103

Table 10.20: Distribution of Employed Population of Age 10 Years and Above by Main

Occupation and Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ..................................... 104

Table 10.21: Percentage Distribution of Employed Population of Age 10 Years and Above by

Five Year Age Groups and Main Industry, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ........ 106

Table 10.22: Percentage Distribution of Employed Population of Age 10 Years and Above by

Five year Age Groups, Main Industry and Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census ...................................................................................................................... 107

Table 11. 1: Number of Persons with Disability by Type of Disability and Region, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................................................ 109

Table 11. 2: Number and Percentage of Persons with Albinism by Five Year Age Group and

Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ..................................................................... 110


xxiii


Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ........................................................... 111


Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census .......................................................... 111

Table 11. 5: Percentage of Persons with Disabilities by 10 Year Age Groups, Type of

Disability and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................. 113

Table 11. 6: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities by 10 Year Age Groups,

Type of Disability and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census ...................... 115

Table 11. 7: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities by 10 Year Age Groups,

Type of Disability and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census ..................... 115

Table 12. 1: Percentage Distribution of Households by Location and Ownership Status of the

Main Dwelling, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................................................. 116

Table 12. 2: Percentage Distribution of Households by Tenure Status and Age of Head,

Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................................. 117

Table 12. 3: Percentage Distribution of Households by Location, Type of Legal Rights over

the Ownership of the Land where the Main Dwelling is Built, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................................................ 118

Table 12. 4: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and Type of Material Used for

Roofing, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................. 118

Table 12. 5: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and Main Materials Used for

Flooring, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................. 119

Table 12. 6: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and type of Wall Material

Used, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................................................................... 120

Table 12. 7: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and Number of Rooms for

Sleeping, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................. 121

Table 12. 8: Percentage Distribution of Households by Location and Main Source of

Drinking Water, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................................................. 123

Table 12. 9: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and Main Source of Energy

for Cooking, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ....................................................... 126

Table 12.10: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and Main Source of Energy

for Lighting, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ....................................................... 128

Table 12.11: Percentage of Households by Region and Type of Toilet Facility, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................................................ 133

Table 12.12: Percentage of Households by Region and Type of Refuse Disposal, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................................................ 135


xxiv

Table 12.13: Percentage of Households by Ownership of Assets, Sex of the Household Head

and Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ........................................................ 136

Table 12.14: Percentage of Households by Region and Membership of Social Security

Scheme, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................. 138

Table 13. 1: Total Number of Households Operating any Land for Agriculture by Region,

Rural and Urban Areas during 2011/12 Agriculture Year, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census ............................................................................................................. 139

Table 13. 2: Total Number of Households Engaged in Agricultural Activities by Rural and

Urban Areas during 2011/12 Agricultural Year, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census 140

Table 13. 3: Distribution of Households Keeping Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Poultry by

Region, Rural and Urban Areas during 2011/12 Agriculture Year, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................................................ 141

Table 13. 4: Total Number of Households Keeping Livestock by Rural and Urban Areas

during 2011/12 Agricultural Year, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ..................... 143

Table 13. 5: Total Number of Cattle, Goats, Sheep and Poultry Owned by Region and

Male/Female headed household as of 26th August 2012, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census ............................................................................................................. 144

Table 13. 6: Total Number of Cattle, Sheep, Goats and Chicken Owned by Region and

Rural/Urban as of 26th August 2012, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................ 144

Table 13. 7: Distribution of Households Involved in Fish Farming by Region, Rural and

Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ...................................................... 145


xxv

List of Figures

Figure 2. 1: Average Annual Inter-Censal Population Growth Rates by Region, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2002 to 2012 Censuses .............................................................................. 14

Figure 2. 2: Average Annual Inter-Censal Population Growth Rates, Tanzania Zanzibar,

1967 to 2012 Censuses .............................................................................................. 15

Figure 3. 1: Population Pyramid by Five Year Age Groups, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ... 20

Figure 3. 2: Population Pyramid by Five Year Age Groups, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 21

Figure 3. 3: Population Pyramid by Five Year Age Groups, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012

Census ........................................................................................................................ 21

Figure 3. 4: Population Pyramid by Five Year Age Groups, Mjini Magharibi Region,


Figure 3. 5: Percentage Distribution of Young Population, Tanzania Zanzibar 1988, 2002

and 2012 Censuses ..................................................................................................... 24

Figure 3. 6: Percentage Distribution of Youth Population (15 to 24 Years), Tanzania

Zanzibar 1988, 2002 and 2012 Censuses .................................................................. 25

Figure 3. 7: Percentage Distribution of the Youth Population (15 to 35 Years), Tanzania


Figure 3. 8: Percentage Distribution of the Working Age Population (15 to 64 Years),

Tanzania Zanzibar 1988, 2002 and 2012 Censuses ................................................... 26

Figure 3. 9: Percentage Distribution of the Population Age 60 Years and Above, Tanzania


Figure 3. 10: Age Dependency Ratio, Tanzania Zanzibar, 1988 to 2012 Census .......................... 28

Figure 4. 1: Percentage Distribution of Private Households by Rural and Urban Areas,

Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses ............................................................ 31

Figure 4. 2: Average Household Size by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................. 32

Figure 4. 3: Percentage Distribution of Heads of Households by Sex, Rural and Urban,


Figure 4. 4: Proportion of Male and Female Headed Households, Tanzania Zanzibar, 1988,

2002 and 2012 Censuses ............................................................................................ 34

Figure 5. 1: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Marital

Status and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................................................... 37

Figure 5. 2: Mean Age at First Marriage by Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012

Censuses .................................................................................................................... 43


xxvi

Figure 5. 3: Mean Age at First Marriage by Rural and Urban Areas and Sex, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses ........................................................................... 43

Figure 5. 4: Mean Age at Marriage by Region and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ......... 44

Figure 7. 1: Percentage of Children below Age 18 Years by Survival of Parents, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 58

Figure 9. 1: Literacy Rates for Persons Aged Five Years and Above by Sex, Rural and Urban

Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................................................................... 67

Figure 9. 2: Adult Literacy Rates by Sex, Rural and Urban Residence, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census ............................................................................................................... 69

Figure 9. 3: Literacy Rates by Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses....................... 72

Figure 9. 4: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by Literacy,


Figure 9. 5: Percentage Distribution of Rural Population Aged Five Years and Above by

Literacy, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................... 75

Figure 9. 6: Percentage Distribution of Urban Population Aged Five Years and Above by

Literacy, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................... 75

Figure 9. 7: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five years and Above by School

Attendance Status and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census .................................. 78

Figure 9. 8: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by School

Attendance Status, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ......... 81

Figure 9. 9: Primary Schools Net Enrolment Ratio by Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and

2012 Censuses ........................................................................................................... 82

Figure 9. 10: Primary Schools Net Enrolment Ratio by Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses ........................................................................... 82

Figure 9. 11: Primary Schools‟ Gross Enrolment Ratio by Rural, Urban and Sex, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 83

Figure 9. 12: Population Aged Five Years and Above by Level of Educational Attainment,

Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses ............................................................ 87

Figure 11. 1: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities by Type of Disability and

Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ..................................................................... 114

Figure 12. 1: Percentage of Households by Number of Rooms for Sleeping, Rural and Urban

Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................................................................. 121

Figure12. 2: Percentage Distribution of Households Using Piped Water as Main Source of

Drinking Water by Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012

Censuses .................................................................................................................. 125


xxvii

Figure12. 3: Percentage of Households Using Electricity as Main Source of Energy for

Lighting by Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012

Censuses .................................................................................................................. 131

Figure 12. 4: Percentage of Households by Type of Toilet Facility, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002

and 2012 Censuses ................................................................................................... 134

Figure 13. 1: Percentage of Households Engaged in Agriculture by Rural and Urban Areas,

Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ............................................................................. 140

Figure 13. 2: Percentage Distribution of Households Engaged in Rearing Livestock by Rural

and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................................................ 142

List of Maps

Map 9. 1: Literacy Rates for Persons Aged 15 Years and Above by Region, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census .............................................................................................. 70

Map 9. 2: Net Enrolment Ratio of Primary School of Age Population (7 - 13 Years) by

Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ................................................................. 85

Map 12.1: Percentage of Households that Used Piped Water as the Main Source of

Drinking by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ........................................... 124

Map 12.2: Percentage of Households Using Electricity as their Main Source of Energy for

Lighting by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census ........................................... 130


xxviii

List of Abbreviations

CHF - Community Health Fund

DCC - District Census Coordinator

DfID - Department for International Development

DRC - Democratic Republic of Congo

EA - Enumeration Area

EAC - East African Community

GER - Gross Enrolment Rate

GIS - Geographical Information System

GPS - Global Positioning System

JICA - Japanese International Co-operation Agency

MDAs - Ministries, Departments and Agencies

MHR - Member of House of Representatives

MP - Member of Parliament

NA - Not Applicable

NBS - National Bureau of Statistics

NER - Net Enrolment Rate

NGO - Non-Governmental Organization

NHIF - National Health Insurance Fund

OCGS - Office of Chief Government Statistician

OMR - Optical Mark Reader

PES - Post Enumeration Survey

PHC - Population and Housing Census

SADC - Southern Africa Development Community

SMAM - Singulate Mean Age at First Marriage

SWMT - Sensa ya Watu na Makazi Tanzania

UNDP - United Nations Development Programme

UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund

UNICEF - United Nations Children‟s Fund

USAID - United States Agency for International Development

UN - United Nations

USA - United States of America

VIP - Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines


xxix

Concepts and Definitions

Population and Housing Census

Census Night is a reference night of the Census. According to the Tanzania 2012 Population

and Housing Census, the Census night was the night of 25th

/26th

August, 2012.

De facto Methodology means persons were enumerated where they slept on the Census night.

Enumeration Area (EA) is a designated area with an average of 60 to 100 households.

Geographical Information System (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate,

analyse, manage and present all types of geographical data.

Optical Mark Reader (OMR) is the process of capturing data by optical scanner by measuring

the reflectivity of light at pre-determined positions on a surface.

Population and Housing Census (PHC) is defined as the total process of collecting,

compiling, evaluating, analyzing and publishing or otherwise disseminating demographic,

economic and social data pertaining, at a specified time, to all persons in a country or in a well

delineated part of a country (United Nations definition).

Post Enumeration Survey (PES) is the sample survey conducted immediately after the census

for the primary purpose of evaluating the census. It helps in identifying areas of deficiencies

that need improvement in subsequent censuses.

Quality Assurance are planned and systematic activities implemented in a quality system so

that, quality requirements for the product are fulfilled.

Quality Control refers to observations, techniques and activities used to fulfill requirements

for quality.

Urban Area for the purpose of the 2012 PHC, urban population consist of people living in

areas legally recognized (gazetted) as urban and all areas recognized by Local Government

Authorities as urban (Countries differ in their definitions of urban, although it is fairly common

for the urban population to consist of those living in towns and cities of a few thousand persons

or more especially if the population of such areas is largely non-agricultural).


Population Growth refers to the change in population over time, and can be quantified as the

change in the number of individuals in a population using "per unit time" for measurement.

Population Growth Rate is the fractional rate at which the number of individuals in a

population increases. It specifically refers to the change in population over a unit time period,

often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning

of that period.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction_(mathematics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage


xxx

Age and Sex Profile

Age is the number of years one had lived as at last birthday i.e. in reference to the census night.

Age-Dependency Ratio is the ratio of people in the “dependent” ages (those under age 15 and

age 65 and older) to those in the “working age population” (15-64 years).

Elderly Population refers to persons aged 65 years and above (according to international

definition). However, according to Tanzania National Ageing Policy, an elderly is an individual

who is 60 years and above.

Median Age is the age at which exactly half the population is older and half is younger.

Population Pyramid is a graphical presentation of population‟s age and sex composition.

Horizontal bars present the numbers or proportions of males and females in each age group.

Sex Ratio is the ratio of males to females in a given population usually expressed as the

number of males for every 100 females.

Working Age Population is the population age 15 to 64 years (international definition).

Young People are the population age 0 to 14 years.

Youth Population is the population aged 15-24 years (international definition). However,

according to Tanzania‟s Youth Policy, Youth Population is the population aged 15 to 35 years.


Average Household Size is the average number of persons per private household. Average

household size is obtained by dividing the total number of persons living in private households

to the total number of private households.

Collective Households is a group of persons residing in one dwelling or compound having no

head of household. Boarding schools, hospitals and camps are examples of collective

households.

Head of Household is a person who is acknowledged as such by other household members.

Household refers to a person or group of persons who reside in the same homestead or

compound but not necessarily in the same dwelling unit, have same cooking arrangements, and

are answerable to the same household head except for collective household.

Private Household is defined as a person or group of persons who reside in the same

homestead or compound but not necessarily in the same dwelling unit, having the same cooking

arrangements, and are answerable to the same household head.


xxxi

Marital Status

Divorced Persons are those persons who were once married but their marriages were

permanently terminated and have not remarried since then. Note that in polygamous marriages

the divorce of one or more wives does not categorize the husband as divorced if he still lives

with the other wife (wives).

Living Together is an act of persons who are not formally married but are in a consensual

unions or are living in a socially recognized stable unions.

Marriage is an act of persons who are living together or separately but are formally married

irrespective of the type of marriage, which may be customary, civil or religious marriage.

Mean Age at First Marriage is defined as the average length of single life expressed in years

among those who marry before age 50.

Never Married means persons who have remained single all their lives excluding persons who

have lived with another person and are now living alone.

Separated is the act of persons who were once married but now are living apart. Those who

live apart because their spouses are employed far away from home or for similar reasons are

considered to be married.

Widowed is the act of persons whose marriages were terminated by death and have not

remarried since. Note that in polygamous marriages the death of one or more wives does not

make the husband a widower if he still has other wife (wives).


Birth Certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. The term "birth

certificate" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or

to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth.

Birth Registration is the process by which a child‟s birth is recorded in the civil register by the

Government authority.

Diaspora

Diaspora are citizens living outside the country.


Educational Attainment is the highest grade completed according to the country‟s

educational system. A grade is a stage of instruction usually covered in the course of a school

year.

Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) is defined as the number of children attending primary school

regardless of age divided by the total number of children age 7-13 years.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_record


xxxii

Literacy is the ability to read and write with an understanding a short simple sentence in

everyday life.

Literacy Rate is the percentage of a population that can read and write in Kiswahili, English,

both Kiswahili and English or in any other language(s) (2012 PHC).

Net Enrolment Rate (NER) is defined as the number of children age 7-13 years who are

attending school divided by the total number of children in that age group.

School Attendance refers to attendance at any regular authorized or licensed educational

institution or programme for organized learning at any level of education at the time of the

Census.

Economic Activity

Agriculture Worker is a person working either in agriculture, hunting, forestry, livestock or

fishing as either a self-employed person or unpaid family helper, where production is primarily

for own consumption rather than for the market.

Apprentice is a person working with or without payment as a part of training.

Employee is a person who performs work for a wage or salary in cash or in kind. Employee

categories included are; permanent, temporary and casual paid employees.

Employer is a person who engages other people to work for him/her for profit or family gain.

Family Worker is a person working without payment in cash or kind in a family enterprise.

Full Time Student is a person who is not performing any economic activity during the

reference period due to schooling.

Home Maintenance Worker is a person, who during the reference period, performed

household chores without pay. These include cooking, cleanliness, caring for elderly, children

and the sick.

Non-Agriculture Worker is a person who performs work other than agriculture activities for

profit or family gain.

Not Looking but Available for Work is a person who, during the reference period, did not

perform any economic activity nor take any efforts to seek employment although he/she was

available for work.

Not Working but Looking for Work is a person who, during the reference period, did not

perform any economic activity but were available for work and actively seeking employment.

Unable to Work is a person who was not performing any economic activity during the

reference period due to either sickness, old age, young age, disability and the like.

Working Person is a person who, during a reference period, was performing economic

activities for pay, exchange or family gain.


xxxiii

Disability

Persons with Disabilities are those persons with long-term physical, mental, intellectual or

sensory impairment which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and

effective participation in society on an equal footing with others.

Household Conditions and Amenities

Room for Sleeping is defined as any space within a dwelling which is currently used for

sleeping by the household members. Any space within a dwelling can be termed as a room for

sleeping if currently used by the household members for sleeping purposes and can be a sitting

room, a dining room or even a store.

Social Security Fund is a fund that provides its members with long and short terms financial

security which can be used as “social safety nets” especially at older ages.


1

Chapter One

Overview of the 2012 Population and Housing Census

1.1 What is a Population Census?

A population census is the total process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing and

publishing or otherwise disseminating demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a

specified time, to all persons in a country or in a well delineated part of a country (United Nations).

Modern day censuses collect additional information on housing units inclusive of housing structural

characteristics, household amenities and living conditions and hence the title Population and

Housing Census.

1.1.1 A Brief History of Census Undertaking in Tanzania

The history of population counts or censuses in Tanzania dates back to 1910. The first modern

census was conducted in 1958. After the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964, a total of five

other censuses have been successfully conducted in 1967, 1978, 1988, 2002 and 2012. All the post-

independence Tanzanian censuses have been conducted in accordance with the global United

Nation Principles and Recommendations for population counts.

The 2012 PHC was the fifth census in the series conducted in the country after the Union of

Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The official census night was the midnight between 25th

and 26th

August,

2012, the enumeration continued for two weeks, from 26th

August to 8th

September 2012. The

second week was mainly dedicated to enumerate populations that were difficult to reach and

packing of questionnaires ready for the Data Processing Centre.

Like previous censuses, the 2012 PHC enumerated people by the place they slept on the census

night, a method referred to as “de facto”. Trained enumerators and their supervisors traversed

(canvassed) institutions, households and individuals in the entire country located in a total of

108,000 demarcated Enumeration Areas (EA) using maps and with the support of local

administrative people. Ninety eighty percent of the population were in private households. All

persons found within the country were enumerated, regardless of their nationalities or citizenship

and for the first time in the history of Census undertaking in Tanzania, Diplomats were enumerated.


2

Data collected by the censuses show that

Tanzania‟s population increased from 12.3 million

in 1967 to 44.9 million persons in 2012. The

average annual growth rate however, has decreased

from 3.3 percent annually between 1967 and 1978

to 2.7 percent in the 2002–2012 period.

1.2 Objectives of the 2012 PHC

The 2012 PHC objective was to provide the Government with information on the size, distribution,

composition and other social economic characteristics of the population as well as information on

housing conditions. This information is important in providing updated benchmark data for

formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of population programmes and policies,

including Tanzania Development Vision 2025 and Vision 2020 for Tanzania Zanzibar.

1.3 Preparations for the 2012 PHC

1.3.1 Legal Framework

The 2012 PHC was carried out in accordance with the Statistics Act No. 1, of 2002. The Act, inter

alia, mandates the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), in collaboration with Office of Chief

Government Statistician (OCGS), to conduct population and housing censuses within the United

Republic of Tanzania. In this respect, the Director General of NBS was responsible for planning

the overall organization and technical administration of the Census. Furthermore, the NBS Director

General was the Accounting Officer and in charge of all census operations. The Order to conduct

the 2012 Population and Housing Census on 26th

August, 2012 was made by the President of the

United Republic of Tanzania, Hon. Dr. Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, on 9th

March, 2012 and gazetted on

the 20th

July, 2012 as directed by the Act.


3

The President of the United Republic of Tanzania, H.E. Dr. Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, his wife and family

being enumerated at the State House on 26th August, 2012.

1.3.2 Census Organization

A population census is an enormous and challenging national exercise with many and varied

stakeholders and requires the participation of the Government or public administration. To ensure a

successful census, careful planning, monitoring and evaluation of census activities is fundamental.

A proper census organization is vital to this end.

Preparations for the 2012 PHC were facilitated by various committees established at national,

regional and district levels to guide and monitor the Census processes. The committees drew

members from Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs); Higher Learning Institutions and

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The main committees were: the Central Census

Committee, National Advisory Committee, Technical Advisory Committee and Regional and

Districts Census Committees.

The Ministry of Finance was in charge of overseeing the operations of the census project. In

Zanzibar, the responsibility was vested to the Ministry of Finance, Economy and Development


4

Planning. These were also the respective parent ministries of NBS and OCGS. The Regional and

District Census Committees chaired by Regional and District Commissioners were formed in each

region and district. They were responsible for ensuring that all census activities were successfully

undertaken in their respective regions or districts. Members of these committees also included

representatives of main religious institutions in their respective regions and districts.

The Commissioner of Population Census and the Census Commissar (Zanzibar) were responsible

for educating, sensitizing and mobilizing people for the census exercise, resource mobilization and

acted as a link between the Government and National Bureau of Statistics and Office of the Chief

Government Statistician in Tanzania Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar respectively. The Census

Commissioner was also in-charge of the data processing exercise.

1.3.3 Development of Census Instruments

The Census instruments (questionnaires, manuals and other census documents) were developed in

collaboration with national experts from higher learning institutions and national MDAs. The 2012

PHC questionnaires incorporated topics of previous censuses for comparison purposes, added new

topics to cater for current country needs, needs of other data users as well as other data producers in

accordance to the United Nations Principles and Recommendations for 2010 Round of Population

Censuses and recommendations of regional bodies of which Tanzania is a member (e.g. EAC and

SADC). The draft questionnaires were shared widely with various stakeholders both in Tanzania

Mainland and Tanzania Zanzibar through stakeholder workshops and the established Census

Committees. The draft questionnaires were discussed and cleared by the Census Technical

Committee, National Advisory Committee and the Central Census Committee for final approval.

Two main types of questionnaires were developed, namely, the Long and Short Questionnaires.

The Short questionnaire with seven main sections and 37 questions was administered to 70 percent

of the population. Main topics covered were Identification, Demographic Characteristics,

Disability, Migration and Birth certificate. Others were Education, General and Maternal Death,

Agriculture and Livestock, and Social Security Fund. The Long Questionnaire that was

administered to 30 percent of the population had extra sections on Survival of Parents, Economic

Activity Fertility, Housing Condition and Ownership of Assets. The long Questionnaire had a total

of 62 questions (Short and Long questionnaires attached as Annex 1 and 2). Other questionnaires

included questionnaire for special population groups; questionnaire for diplomats; questionnaire for

hotels or lodges, hospitals and travelers; as well as a community questionnaire that covered all


5

social amenities, land use pattern and environmental or natural features (e.g. water tanks, forest or

vegetation cover). All 2012 PHC instruments were paper-based.

Data collected were mainly demographic characteristics (Relationship, Sex, Age, Disability,

Marital Status, Citizenship and Place of Residence); as well as data on Literacy and Education;

Migration; Economic Activity; Fertility; General and Maternal Mortality; Social Security Funds;

Tanzanians Living Abroad (Diaspora); Agriculture; Ownership of Assets and Housing Conditions.

1.3.4 Cartographic Work

Like previous censuses, the 2012 PHC enumeration was preceded by extensive cartographic work

covering the entire country. Besides its Census objective, the cartographic work also had other

equally important national applications. The main Census–related objective of cartographic work

was to delineate the entire country into Enumeration Areas (EAs) in order to produce large scale

maps required for Census operations. The EA sizes ranged from 60 to 100 households in both

Rural and Urban Areas.

A Typical Enumeration Area Map for 2012 PHC

Unlike the previous population count undertaking, the 2012 PHC cartographic work fully took

advantage of available Geographical Information System (GIS) technology. In particular, the 2012


6

Census cartographic work used satellite imagery and aerial photography. Delineation of EA

boundaries was done using a Global Positioning Systems (GPS). In addition, coordinates of

prominent features existing in each particular EA were also picked and recorded. Overall, 108,000

EAs were delineated countrywide.

1.3.5 Pilot Census

One of the most important aspects of the Census preparations was to undertake a Pilot Census

enumeration a year before the actual Census enumeration. The Pilot Census was intended to test the

Census protocol for the 2012 PHC. The Pilot census started on the 2nd

October, 2011 and involved

a complete enumeration of the population in 44 randomly sampled Enumeration Areas (38 for

Tanzania Mainland and 6 for Tanzania Zanzibar). Experience and results obtained from the Pilot

Census, provided valuable inputs in the final preparations towards 2012 Population and Housing

Census enumeration.

1.3.6 Census Publicity and Advocacy Campaign

The 2012 PHC used intensive and extensive publicity and advocacy programmes to educate,

sensitize and mobilize people to participate in the Census process. The 2012 PHC advocacy

campaign was officially launched in Mbeya by the. Prime Minister of the United Republic of

Tanzania Hon. Mizengo Peter Pinda (MP) on 11th

May, 2012 at the start of the Uhuru Torch Race.

Strategically, the Census message was incorporated as one of the key Uhuru Torch Messages.

To standardize publicity and advocacy campaigns throughout the country, the NBS and OCGS

developed publicity guidelines that were used during the Census operations. The guidelines

explained in brief, the meaning and purpose of the census, and broad topics covered.

Given the importance of Census publicity, resources were availed to regional authorities through

the Regional and District Census Committees to carry out the responsibility of educating,

sensitizing and mobilizing people in their respective areas.

The Government`s with a private media consulting firm, facilitated by the United Nations

Population Fund (UNFPA), was critical to the success of the public sensitization campaigns. An

intensified mass media campaign was launched by the Prime Minister on behalf of His Excellency,

the President of the United Republic of Tanzania on 17th

August, 2012 as the Enumeration day was

approaching. The live and extensive media coverage of the event provided, not only the much


7

needed momentum, but also a timely reminder of the 2012 PHC. The media coverage campaign

which lasted throughout the enumeration period, hooked the entire country to the 2012 PHC.

Prime Minister Hon. Mizengo Pinda and Zanzibar Second Vice President Ambassador Seif Ali Iddi in a group

photograph with government leaders and representatives of development partners during the Official Launching of the

Publicity and Advocacy Campaign for the 2012 PHC on 17th August, 2012, at Mnazi Mmoja grounds in Dar es Salaam.

1.4 Census Enumeration Activities

Several activities were undertaken in preparation for the main enumeration exercise, including

recruitment and training of field personnel and distribution of enumeration materials to all parts of

the country.

1.4.1 Recruitment and Training

Recruitment of census enumerators and supervisors was performed by the Regional and District

Census Committees in their respective geographical areas. Guidelines were provided the total

number of enumerators and supervisors needed for each ward or shehia and their qualifications. A

total of 200,000 enumerators and supervisors were recruited and trained to undertake the

enumeration.


8

1.4.2 Other Preparations for Enumeration

A range of other preparatory activities were carried out in the second and third weeks of August

2012. The activities included distribution of enumeration materials to supervisors and enumerators,

physical identification of EA boundaries and meeting the local authorities in their respective areas.

Zonal Supervisors and Regional Trainers moved around the country to make sure that all

supervisors and enumerators were well equipped for the enumeration roles or duties.

The Regional Census Coordinators were assisted by Assistant Census Coordinators. This team,

together with the Regional and District Census Committees coordinated and monitored preparatory

enumeration activities in their respective areas of jurisdiction.

1.4.3 Enumeration

The target population for the 2012 PHC was all persons who spent the night of 25th

/26th

August,

2012 within the borders of Tanzania. The actual enumeration was conducted by enumerators and

supervisors in their respective assigned areas. Two types of enumerators were used: junior

enumerators who administered the short questionnaire, and senior enumerators who administered

the long questionnaire. For the short questionnaire, one enumerator worked in one EA whereas two

senior enumerators administered the long questionnaire in one EA. The short questionnaire with 37

questions was administered to 70 percent of all EAs while the long questionnaire with 62 questions

was administered to the remaining 30 percent. Other enumerators were stationed at mass transit

points to enumerate passengers on buses, trains, airplanes and ships. Special enumeration labels or

tags were issued to each traveller after enumeration to avoid double-counting. Special arrangements

were also made to enumerate the homeless.


9

The President of Zanzibar, H.E.. Dr. Ali Mohamed Shein and his wife being enumerated at the State House on 26th

August, 2012.

Enumerators were duly instructed to compile EA summaries upon completion of the enumeration

and record the total population for each household and each EA in a Special Control Form: “Sensa

ya Watu na Makazi Tanzania 15A” (SWMT 15A). Also checking of the enumerators‟ work by the

supervisors was a continuous exercise throughout the period.

The duration for enumeration as per the Presidential Order was 14 days, from 26th

August to 8th

September, 2012. In most areas, the enumeration exercise was completed within the first seven

days that is from 26th

August to 1st September, 2012. However, in some areas, enumeration could

not be completed within the first 7 days period due to various reasons. Most of these areas were

those where the long questionnaire was administered and some of those EAs that were located in

remote areas. Nevertheless, by the 8th

September, 2012 the enumeration exercise was complete in

all EAs.


10

1.4.4 Post Field Enumeration Activities

Supervisors collected the questionnaires and other Census materials from the enumerators and

handed them to the District Census Coordinator (DCC) after checking them for completeness and

accuracy. Thereafter, all materials including the questionnaires, EA maps and the population

summaries (SWMT 15A) were transported to the respective Regional Census Offices from where

they were in turn shipped to the Census Data Processing Centre at Kibaha, Pwani Region.

1.5 Data Processing

Data capture and processing of the 2012 PHC was carried out at the Census Data Processing Center

in Kibaha, Pwani Region. Data processing started with validation of the EAs, followed by sorting

and separation of the questionnaires. The data was captured electronically from the questionnaires

using the Optical Mark Reader (OMR) scanning technology, and through manual data entry for

special questionnaires such as community questionnaires. The scanning of the 2012 PHC

questionnaires was completed in a record time of 66 days, starting from the 25th

September, 2012 to

30th

November, 2012. Manual data entry was completed on 12th

December, 2012.

Scanning exercise at the Kibaha Data Processing Centre, Pwani Region, October, 2012


11

A total of 420 temporary staff were recruited as scanner operators, data editors or entrants, batch

registers, box handlers and technicians. The registration and training of the staff started on 16th

up

to 24th

September 2012. During the scanning exercise, the staff worked for 24 hours in three shifts

of eight hours each. The whole process of data capture and compilation of basic counts was

completed in three months after receipt of questionnaires from the field. The basic counts at

National level were released by H.E. Dr. Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, the President of the United

Republic of Tanzania on 31st December, 2012.

Further editing, verification and tabulation of data collected was done in phases and the first

publication Population Distribution by Administrative Units was launched by Honorable Mizengo

Peter Pinda, the Prime Minister of the United Republic of Tanzania on 5th

April, 2013. The second

publication Population Distribution by Age and Sex was launched by Honorable Ambassador Seif

Ali Iddi, the Second Vice President, Zanzibar on 25th

September, 2013. The launching of other

publications will adhere to the Census Results Release Calendar that was posted on the NBS and

OCGS websites. The Release Calendar is reviewed as and when necessary.

1.6 Quality Assurance Procedures

Quality assurance procedures are extremely important throughout any data collection process, i.e.

during pre-enumeration, enumeration and post enumeration. In order to minimize errors in the 2012

PHC, quality standards were established and maintained in all three stages of the Census operation.

A quality control team from NBS and OCGS worked hand in hand with the respective regional and

district Census personnel to make sure that activities were performed in accordance with the

required standards. A Quality Control Procedure Handbook for the 2012 PHC was developed and

used throughout the Census activities in pre-enumeration, enumeration and post enumeration stages

to standardize the process.


12

Chapter Two


2.1 Introduction

A population is a resource for labour supply for production of goods and services as well as

consumption of various products. The size, structure, distribution and quality of a population are

among the important parameters for economic development. However, population growth increase

the demands for food, water, energy and other natural resources for its survival and development

which subsequently increases consumption of natural resources. The growth and distribution of

population also determines the demand and location of essential social services, such as education,

health, water, transport and housing. To maintain a sustainable socio-economic development

simply means improving the well-being of most people by reducing poverty levels in a society

without environmental degradation. Such development is more difficult as to achieve with a rapidly

growing population. Such population growth should be kept at a sustainable level.

2.2 Enumerated Population by Record Type

The 2012 PHC was conducted on the basis of the place a person slept on the Census night

(de facto). Table 2.1 shows that Tanzania Zanzibar recorded a total population of 1,303,569 of

which 1,285,427 people (99 percent) were from private households. The remaining 0.01 percent

was enumerated in institutions like orphanage centre, inmates (prisons), health facilities and

educational institutions.


13

Table 2. 1: Enumerated Population by Record Type, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census

Record Type Total Rural Urban


Tanzania Zanzibar 1,303,569 100.00 699,803 100.00 603,766 100.00

Private Households 1,285,427 98.61 690,544 98.68 594,883 98.53

Special Institutions 2,776 0.21 1,111 0.16 1,665 0.28

Inmates Institutions 368 0.03 102 0.01 266 0.04

Hotel and Tourist Camps 6,199 0.48 4,223 0.60 1,976 0.33

Refugee Camps - - - - - -

Homeless People 820 0.06 157 0.02 663 0.11

Travellers/In-transit 685 0.05 159 0.02 526 0.09

Health Institutions/Facilities 676 0.05 42 0.01 634 0.11

Educational Institutions 774 0.06 74 0.01 700 0.12

Orphanage Centres 197 0.02 82 0.01 115 0.02

Cloves /Fishing/Timber/Camps etc. 5,647 0.43 3,309 0.47 2,338 0.39

Table 2.2 shows that, the smallest number of male population in institutions was found in

orphanage centers with 120 persons and the smallest number of female population in institutions

was of inmate institutions with 21 persons.

Table 2. 2: Enumerated Population by Record Type and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Record Type Both Sexes Male Female



Private Households 1,285,427 98.61 619,561 98.24 665,866 98.96

Special Institutions 2,776 0.21 2,254 0.36 522 0.08

Inmates Institutions 368 0.03 347 0.06 21 0.00

Hotel and Tourist Camps 6,199 0.48 3,634 0.58 2,565 0.38

Refugee Camps - - - - - -

Homeless People 820 0.06 734 0.12 86 0.01

Travellers/In-transit 685 0.05 440 0.07 245 0.04

Health Institutions/Facilities 676 0.05 319 0.05 357 0.05

Educational Institutions 774 0.06 382 0.06 392 0.06

Orphanage Centres 197 0.02 120 0.02 77 0.01

Cloves /Fishing/Timber/Camps etc. 5,647 0.43 2,886 0.46 2,761 0.41

2.3 Population Size and Growth

The total population of Tanzania Zanzibar in 2012 was 1.3 million. Table 2.3 indicates that the

annual population growth rate in Tanzania Zanzibar was 2.8 percent. While the average annual

growth rate of Tanzania Zanzibar declined from three (3) percent during the 1988-2002 to 2.8

percent during the 2002-2012 inter-censal periods. The population of Tanzania Zanzibar increased


14

by 32.8 percent from 2002 to 2012.

In the last 14 years (1988 to 2002), the total population of Tanzania Zanzibar increased by 53.2

percent. Population increase was recorded in all regions during the period 2002-2012. The largest

population change was recorded in Mjini Magharibi Region (52 percent) while the smallest change

was recorded in Kusini Pemba Region (11 percent).

Table 2. 3: Population Size and Growth Rate by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 1988 to 2012 Censuses

Region

Population Size Percentage Change Growth Rate per annum Doubling time (years)

1988 2002 2012 1988-2002 2002-2012 1988-2002 2002-2012 1988-2002 2002-2012

Tanzania Zanzibar 640,675 981,754 1,303,569 53.2 32.8 3.0 2.8 22.7 24.4

Rural 436,862 593,031 699,803 35.7 18.0 2.2 1.7 31.8 41.9

Urban 203,813 388,723 603,766 90.7 55.3 4.6 4.4 15.0 15.7

Kaskazini Unguja 96,989 136,639 187,455 40.9 37.2 2.4 3.2 28.3 21.9

Kusini Unguja 70,313 94,244 115,588 34.0 22.6 2.1 2.0 33.1 34.0

Mjini Magharibi 208,571 390,074 593,678 87.0 52.2 4.5 4.2 15.5 16.5

Kaskazini Pemba 137,179 185,326 211,732 35.1 14.2 2.1 1.3 32.3 52.0

Kusini Pemba 127,623 175,471 195,116 37.5 11.2 2.3 1.1 30.5 65.3

Figure 2.1 reveals that the average annual inter-censal population growth rates for the 2002-2012

period vary across regions ranging from 1.1 percent recorded in Kusini Pemba region to 4.2 percent

recorded in Mjini Magharibi.

Figure 2. 1: Average Annual Inter-Censal Population Growth Rates by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2002 to 2012 Censuses


15

Figure 2.2 shows that in Tanzania Zanzibar, the growth rate increased from 2.7 percent in 1967 –

1988 to 3.1 in 1988 - 2002 and declined to 2.8 percent in 2002 - 2012 periods.

Figure 2. 2: Average Annual Inter-Censal Population Growth Rates, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 1967 to 2012 Censuses

2.4 Population Distribution

Table 2.4 shows there were large regional variations in population distribution in Tanzania

Zanzibar. Mjini Magharibi Region with a population of 593,678 (46 percent) while Kusini Unguja

had only 115,588 (9 percent).

Table 2. 4: Population Distribution by Region, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census

Region

Total Rural Urban

Population Percentage Population Percentage Population Percentage


Kaskazini Unguja 187,455 14.4 170,778 24.4 16,677 2.8

Kusini Unguja 115,588 8.9 108,496 15.5 7,092 1.2

Mjini Magharibi 593,678 45.5 92,219 13.2 501,459 83.1

Kaskazini Pemba 211,732 16.2 172,409 24.6 39,323 6.5

Kusini Pemba 195,116 15.0 155,901 22.3 39,215 6.5


16

Table 2.5 presents population changes by region in Rural and Urban Areas of Tanzania Zanzibar

from 2002 to 2012 Population Censuses. Rural population in 2012 was 0.7 million, an increase of

18 percent from the 2002 rural population. In the same period, the urban population increased from

0.4 million in 2002 to 0.6 million in 2012 Census, an increase of 55 percent. The largest rural

population change occurred in Mjini Magharibi (31 percent), while the smallest change (8 percent)

occurred in Kusini Pemba Region. At the same time the largest urban population change (613

percent) occurred in Kaskazini Unguja region.

Table 2. 5: Population Size and Growth by Region, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar,

1988 to 2012 Census

Region

Rural Urban

Population size Percentage

Change Population size

Percentage

Change

2002 2012 2002-2012 2002 2012 2002-2012

Tanzania Zanzibar 593,031 699,803 18.0 388,723 603,766 55.3

Kaskazini Unguja 134,299 170,778 27.2 2,340 16,677 612.7

Kusini Unguja 89,379 108,496 21.4 4,865 7,092 45.8

Mjini Magharibi 70,593 92,219 30.6 319,481 501,459 57.0

Kaskazini Pemba 154,747 172,409 11.4 30,579 39,323 28.6

Kusini Pemba 144,013 155,901 8.3 31,458 39,215 24.7


17

Chapter Three

Age and Sex Profile

3.1 Quality of Age and Sex data

Age and sex data are important and critical for understanding and using demographic and socio-

economic data to support development planning processes. The two elements are vital for making

key decisions in public administration such as determining the segments of the population qualified

for school enrolment, voting, labour force participation, pensions, provision of health services, food

and shelter. Age and sex data are also used to calculate levels of fertility and mortality which are

vital components of population dynamics and subsequently for population growth forecasting.

In many developing countries, the quality of data on age is affected by age misreporting mainly due

to ignorance of correct age, errors in reporting and recording and age preference. As was the case

with preceding censuses in Tanzania, the 2012 Census age and sex was collected using both short

and long questionnaires. All persons who spent the census night in the country were asked to state

their sex and age in completed years.

The quality of age and sex data in the 2012 PHC was examined using an array of conventional

methods and indices, and was observed to have suffered from significant errors associated with age

misreporting. In particular, strong preference for ages ending with digits “0” and “5”, and

avoidance of ages ending with digits “1”, “3” and “9” was noted. Age misreporting was generally

higher among females compared to males and more evident in Tanzania Zanzibar. Nonetheless, this

may not necessarily affect the quality of indicators derived from the census data as there are

recommended conventional procedures for correcting data deficiencies. Age misreporting is not

uncommon in Sub-Saharan African census data.

This Chapter highlights age and sex distribution of the population enumerated in Tanzania Zanzibar

in the 2012 PHC. Detailed findings are presented in 2012 PHC Publication: Volume II: Population

Distribution by Age and Sex.


18

3.2 Age and Sex Profile

3.2.1 Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups

Tables 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 present the distribution of population and sex ratio by five year age groups,


Sex ratio by age groups provides an important index of possible age misreporting. Under normal

circumstances, the general trend of sex ratio is to gradually decline with age, eventually falling

below 100, whereby the number of females begins to exceed the number of males and the

difference grows larger with advancing ages.

The overall sex ratio for Tanzania Zanzibar was 94 males for 100 females, 96 for Tanzania

Zanzibar Rural and 91 for Tanzania Zanzibar Urban which indicates an excess of female over male

population. However, sex ratio at age group 5-9 was equal to 100 in Tanzania Zanzibar indicating

an equal number of females and males in that particular age group.

Table 3. 1: Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census

Age Group Both Sexes Male Female

Sex Ratio Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

Total 1,303,569 100.0 630,677 100.0 672,892 100.0 93.7

0–4 203,937 15.6 102,309 16.2 101,628 15.1 100.7

5–9 183,673 14.1 91,724 14.5 91,949 13.7 99.8

10–14 166,739 12.8 83,470 13.2 83,269 12.4 100.2

15–19 142,162 10.9 67,621 10.7 74,541 11.1 90.7

20–24 122,941 9.4 55,204 8.8 67,737 10.1 81.5

25–29 99,628 7.6 44,921 7.1 54,707 8.1 82.1

30–34 82,196 6.3 37,958 6.0 44,238 6.6 85.8

35–39 71,852 5.5 33,233 5.3 38,619 5.7 86.1

40–44 58,778 4.5 28,013 4.4 30,765 4.6 91.1

45–49 52,454 4.0 24,054 3.8 28,400 4.2 84.7

50–54 38,468 3.0 19,806 3.1 18,662 2.8 106.1

55–59 22,430 1.7 12,477 2.0 9,953 1.5 125.4

60–64 21,585 1.7 11,409 1.8 10,176 1.5 112.1

65–69 11,565 0.9 6,161 1.0 5,404 0.8 114.0

70–74 11,753 0.9 5,833 0.9 5,920 0.9 98.5

75–79 5,036 0.4 2,669 0.4 2,367 0.4 112.8

80+ 8,372 0.6 3,815 0.6 4,557 0.7 83.7

Median Age 18.4

17.8

19.0


19

Table 3. 2: Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural,

2012 Census



Total 699,803 100.0 343,558 100.0 356,245 100.0 96.4

0–4 117,381 16.8 59,115 17.2 58,266 16.4 101.5

5–9 104,566 14.9 53,224 15.5 51,342 14.4 103.7

10–14 91,771 13.1 47,093 13.7 44,678 12.5 105.4

15–19 75,484 10.8 37,326 10.9 38,158 10.7 97.8

20–24 59,734 8.5 27,224 7.9 32,510 9.1 83.7

25–29 48,307 6.9 21,982 6.4 26,325 7.4 83.5

30–34 39,996 5.7 18,778 5.5 21,218 6.0 88.5

35–39 35,803 5.1 16,341 4.8 19,462 5.5 84.0

40–44 29,865 4.3 13,667 4.0 16,198 4.5 84.4

45–49 27,910 4.0 12,774 3.7 15,136 4.2 84.4

50–54 21,322 3.0 10,679 3.1 10,643 3.0 100.3

55–59 12,207 1.7 6,814 2.0 5,393 1.5 126.3

60–64 12,463 1.8 6,532 1.9 5,931 1.7 110.1

65–69 6,889 1.0 3,704 1.1 3,185 0.9 116.3

70–74 7,429 1.1 3,831 1.1 3,598 1.0 106.5

75–79 3,198 0.5 1,797 0.5 1,401 0.4 128.3

80+ 5,478 0.8 2,677 0.8 2,801 0.8 95.6

Median Age 17.4

16.7

18.1

Table 3. 3: Population Distribution by Five Year Age Groups and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban,

2012 Census



Total 603,766 100.0 287,119 100.0 316,647 100.0 90.7

0–4 86,556 14.3 43,194 15.0 43,362 13.7 99.6

5–9 79,107 13.1 38,500 13.4 40,607 12.8 94.8

10–14 74,968 12.4 36,377 12.7 38,591 12.2 94.3

15–19 66,678 11.0 30,295 10.6 36,383 11.5 83.3

20–24 63,207 10.5 27,980 9.7 35,227 11.1 79.4

25–29 51,321 8.5 22,939 8.0 28,382 9.0 80.8

30–34 42,200 7.0 19,180 6.7 23,020 7.3 83.3

35–39 36,049 6.0 16,892 5.9 19,157 6.0 88.2

40–44 28,913 4.8 14,346 5.0 14,567 4.6 98.5

45–49 24,544 4.1 11,280 3.9 13,264 4.2 85.0

50–54 17,146 2.8 9,127 3.2 8,019 2.5 113.8

55–59 10,223 1.7 5,663 2.0 4,560 1.4 124.2

60–64 9,122 1.5 4,877 1.7 4,245 1.3 114.9

65–69 4,676 0.8 2,457 0.9 2,219 0.7 110.7

70–74 4,324 0.7 2,002 0.7 2,322 0.7 86.2

75–79 1,838 0.3 872 0.3 966 0.3 90.3

80+ 2,894 0.5 1,138 0.4 1,756 0.6 64.8

Median Age 19.6

19.2

19.9


20

3.2.2 Population Pyramid

A population pyramid shows the age structure of a population. Figures 3.1 to 3.4 show population

pyramids by five year age groups, Rural and Urban Areas. Figures 3.1 to 3.4 have broad bases

indicating high fertility and mortality rates and a youthful age structure. These shapes are

representative of the age-sex composition of many other African countries. However, a typical

pyramid for major urban centers has a different structure. For instance, the pyramid for Mjini

Magharibi (Figure 3.4) which is a major commercial city of Tanzania Zanzibar, shows a bulge in

the age group 20 to 24 an indication of youth in-migration from other regions.

Figure 3. 1: Population Pyramid by Five Year Age Groups, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census


21

Figure 3. 2: Population Pyramid by Five Year Age Groups, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural,

2012 Census

Figure 3. 3: Population Pyramid by Five Year Age Groups, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban,

2012 Census


22

Figure 3. 4: Population Pyramid by Five Year Age Groups, Mjini Magharibi Region,

Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

3.3 Population Distribution by Selected Age Groups

The 2012 Census revealed that 43 percent of the population in Tanzania Zanzibar was below 15

years of age and only three (3) percent of the population aged 65 years and above (Table 3.4). This

pattern is typical of many other African countries with high fertility and mortality rates.


23

Table 3. 4: Population Distribution by Selected Age Groups, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Population Group Tanzania Zanzibar Rural Urban


Total Population 1,303,569 100.0 699,803 100.0 603,766 100.0

Male 630,677 48.4 343,558 49.1 287,119 47.6

Female 672,892 51.6 356,245 50.9 316,647 52.4

Children (Under 1 year) 42,238 3.2 23,812 3.4 18,426 3.1

Male 21,290 3.4 12,156 3.5 9,134 3.2

Female 20,948 3.1 11,656 3.3 9,292 2.9

Children (0–4 years) 203,937 15.6 117,381 16.8 86,556 14.3

Male 102,309 16.2 59,115 17.2 43,194 15.0

Female 101,628 15.1 58,266 16.4 43,362 13.7


Male 277,503 44.0 159,432 46.4 118,071 41.1

Female 276,846 41.1 154,286 43.3 122,560 38.7


Male 318,223 50.5 182,086 53.0 136,137 47.4

Female 320,045 47.6 176,506 49.5 143,539 45.3

Youth Population (15–24 years) 265,103 20.3 135,218 19.3 129,885 21.5

Male 122,825 19.5 64,550 18.8 58,275 20.3

Female 142,278 21.1 70,668 19.8 71,610 22.6

Youth Population (15–35 years) 471,634 36.2 236,494 33.8 235,140 38.9

Male 217,254 34.4 111,122 32.3 106,132 37.0

Female 254,380 37.8 125,372 35.2 129,008 40.7

School-Age Population

Primary school (7–13 years) 242,616 18.6 135,582 19.4 107,034 17.7

Male 121,315 19.2 69,326 20.2 51,989 18.1

Female 121,301 18.0 66,256 18.6 55,045 17.4

Secondary School (14–17 years) 114,162 8.8 61,212 8.7 52,950 8.8

Male 55,544 8.8 30,908 9.0 24,636 8.6

Female 58,618 8.7 30,304 8.5 28,314 8.9

Working Age Population (15–64 years) 712,494 54.7 363,091 51.9 349,403 57.9

Male 334,696 53.1 172,117 50.1 162,579 56.6

Female 377,798 56.1 190,974 53.6 186,824 59.0

Women of Reproductive Age (15–49 years) 339,007 50.4 169,007 47.4 170,000 53.7


Male 29,887 4.7 18,541 5.4 11,346 4.0

Female 28,424 4.2 16,916 4.7 11,508 3.6


Male 18,478 2.9 12,009 3.5 6,469 2.3

Female 18,248 2.7 10,985 3.1 7,263 2.3

Age-Dependency Ratio

83.0

92.7

72.8


24

3.3.1 Young Population (0-14 Years)

Figure 3.5 shows that the proportion of population below age 15 years declined from 47 percent in

1988 Census to 43 percent in 2012 Census. This decline indicates a slow pace of fertility decline in

the Tanzania Zanzibar during the 24 years period.

Figure 3. 5: Percentage Distribution of Young Population, Tanzania Zanzibar 1988,

2002 and 2012 Censuses

3.3.2 Youth Population (15-24 Years)

Figure 3.6 presents the youth population 15-24 years old for Tanzania Zanzibar Rural and Urban

for the 1988, 2002 and 2012 Censuses. The proportion of youth population (15-24 years) in

Tanzania Zanzibar has remained between 19 and 20 percent from 1988 to 2012.


25

Figure 3. 6: Percentage Distribution of Youth Population (15 to

24 Years), Tanzania Zanzibar 1988, 2002 and 2012

Censuses

According to the 2012 PHC the proportion of persons aged 15-35 years increased from 34 percent

in 2002 to 36 percent in 2012. The same pattern is observed in Tanzania Zanzibar Rural. However,

for Tanzania Zanzibar Urban the proportion has slightly decreased from 40 percent in 2002 to 39

percent in 2012 Census (Figure 3.7).

Figure 3. 7: Percentage Distribution of the Youth Population (15 to 35

Years), Tanzania Zanzibar 1988, 2002 and 2012 Censuses


26

3.3.3 Working Age Population (15-64 years)

Figure 3.8 shows the percentage of the Tanzania Zanzibar population that constitute the working

age group (15-64 years), increased from 50 percent in 1988 Census to 55 percent (2012). The same

pattern is observed in Tanzania Zanzibar Urban whereby the proportion increased from 53 percent

in 1988 to 58 percent in 2012 Census. There was also a slight increase in Tanzania Zanzibar Rural

from 47 percent in 1988 to 52 percent in the same period.

Figure 3. 8: Percentage Distribution of the Working Age Population (15 to 64 Years),

Tanzania Zanzibar 1988, 2002 and 2012 Censuses

3.3.4 Elderly Population (60 years and above)

The proportion of elderly population aged 60 years and above in Tanzania Zanzibar decreased from

6 percent in the 1988 Census to 5 percent 2012 Censuses. However in Tanzania Zanzibar Rural it

declined from 7 percent in 1988 to 5 percent in 2012 Census (Figure 3.9).


27

Figure 3. 9: Percentage Distribution of the Population Age 60 Years and Above,

Tanzania Zanzibar 1988, 2002 and 2012 Censuses

3.3.5 Age Dependency Ratio

The 2012 Census reveals that age dependency ratio for Tanzania Zanzibar was 83 (Figure 3.10),

implying that there were 100 people in age 15–64 supporting 83 persons in age groups 0-14 and

65 years and above.


28

Figure 3. 10: Age Dependency Ratio, Tanzania Zanzibar, 1988 to 2012 Census


29

Chapter Four


4.1 Introduction

The 2012 PHC collected information, mostly from private and collective households on household

characteristics and composition that includes the number of persons in households, their sex and

relationship to the household head.

A private household was defined as a person or group of persons who reside in the same homestead

or compound but not necessarily in the same dwelling unit, having the same cooking arrangements,

and are answerable to the same household head. However, considering the fact that the 2012 PHC

enumeration was de-facto, some modifications were made to the above definition. For instance,

visitors were also included as members of the household if they were present in the household on

the census night. On the other hand, usual members of the household were excluded if they had

spent the census night outside the household, unless they were away on night duty or were on

fishing or hunting trips and the like.

Collective households are those with no household head and consist of persons not necessarily

related to each other, such persons in students‟ hostels, orphanages, prisons and wards in hospitals.

Analysis in this chapter is based on all private households only.

4.2 Number of Households

According to the 2012 Population and Housing Census, Tanzania Zanzibar had a total of 250,212

private households. A total of 137,662 private households (55 percent) were located in Rural Areas

while 112,550 households (45 percent) were located in Urban Areas (Table 4.1).


30

Table 4. 1: Total Number of Private Households by Age and Sex of Head of Household, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Age

Group

Total Rural Urban

Both

Sexes Male Percentage Female Percentage

Both

Sexes Percentage Male Percentage Female Percentage

Both

Sexes Percentage Male Percentage Female Percentage

Total 250,212 172,379 68.9 77,833 31.1 137,662 55.0 95,642 55.5 42,020 54.0 112,550 45.0 76,737 44.5 35,813 46.0

< 10 69 37 53.6 32 46.4 49 71.0 26 70.3 23 71.9 20 29.0 11 29.7 9 28.1

10-14 215 138 64.2 77 35.8 129 60.0 90 65.2 39 50.6 86 40.0 48 34.8 38 49.4

15-19 1,427 834 58.4 593 41.6 787 55.2 496 59.5 291 49.1 640 44.8 338 40.5 302 50.9

20-24 10,506 6,822 64.9 3,684 35.1 5,840 55.6 4,131 60.6 1,709 46.4 4,666 44.4 2,691 39.4 1,975 53.6

25-29 24,840 18,388 74.0 6,452 26.0 13,498 54.3 10,542 57.3 2,956 45.8 11,342 45.7 7,846 42.7 3,496 54.2

30-34 32,643 24,307 74.5 8,336 25.5 17,248 52.8 13,176 54.2 4,072 48.8 15,395 47.2 11,131 45.8 4,264 51.2

35-39 34,484 25,243 73.2 9,241 26.8 17,924 52.0 13,219 52.4 4,705 50.9 16,560 48.0 12,024 47.6 4,536 49.1

40-44 32,315 22,743 70.4 9,572 29.6 16,546 51.2 11,493 50.5 5,053 52.8 15,769 48.8 11,250 49.5 4,519 47.2

45-49 30,999 20,004 64.5 10,995 35.5 16,495 53.2 10,754 53.8 5,741 52.2 14,504 46.8 9,250 46.2 5,254 47.8

50-54 25,456 17,102 67.2 8,354 32.8 14,117 55.5 9,361 54.7 4,756 56.9 11,339 44.5 7,741 45.3 3,598 43.1

55-59 15,805 11,026 69.8 4,779 30.2 8,696 55.0 6,105 55.4 2,591 54.2 7,109 45.0 4,921 44.6 2,188 45.8

60-64 15,598 10,011 64.2 5,587 35.8 9,177 58.8 5,823 58.2 3,354 60.0 6,421 41.2 4,188 41.8 2,233 40.0

65-69 8,411 5,414 64.4 2,997 35.6 5,200 61.8 3,307 61.1 1,893 63.2 3,211 38.2 2,107 38.9 1,104 36.8

70-74 8,461 5,015 59.3 3,446 40.7 5,639 66.6 3,371 67.2 2,268 65.8 2,822 33.4 1,644 32.8 1,178 34.2

75-79 3,509 2,212 63.0 1,297 37.0 2,379 67.8 1,502 67.9 877 67.6 1,130 32.2 710 32.1 420 32.4

80+ 5,474 3,083 56.3 2,391 43.7 3,938 71.9 2,246 72.9 1,692 70.8 1,536 28.1 837 27.1 699 29.2


31

Results further reveal that, Mjini Magharibi Region had the largest number of households with

112,716 households (45 percent), followed by Kaskazini Pemba (39,408 households, 16 percent),

Kaskazini Unguja (36,736 households, 15 percent), Kusini Pemba with (35,618 households, 14

percent) and Kusini Unguja (25,734 households, 10 percent) (Table 4.2).

Table 4. 2: Number and Percentage Distribution of Private Households by Region, Rural and Urban

Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total Rural Urban


Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 100.0 137,662 55.0 112,550 45.0

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 14.7 33,530 91.3 3,206 8.7

Kusini Unguja 25,734 10.3 24,008 93.3 1,726 6.7

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 45.0 19,320 17.1 93,396 82.9

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 15.7 32,217 81.8 7,191 18.2

Kusini Pemba 35,618 14.2 28,587 80.3 7,031 19.7

Figure 4.1 portrays an increase in urban growth in Tanzania Zanzibar over a 10 year period from

2002 and 2012 Censuses. The figure shows that the percentage of households in Urban Areas

increased from 39 in 2002 Census to 45 percent in 2012.

Figure 4. 1: Percentage Distribution of Private Households by Rural and Urban Areas,

Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses


32

4.3 Average Household Size

Average household size is the number of persons per private household. Average household size is

obtained by dividing the total number of persons living in private households to the total number of

private households. Results presented in Figure 4.2 show that Tanzania Zanzibar had an average

household size of 5.1. Household size also varied across regions, ranging from 4.4 persons in

Kusini Unguja to 5.4 in Kusini Pemba. Urban households with an average of 5.3 persons per

household are relatively larger than the rural ones with 5.0 persons (Table 4.3)

Figure 4. 2: Average Household Size by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Table 4. 3: Population Size, Number of Households and Average Household Size by Region,


Region Population Number of Households Average Household Size

2002 2012 2002 2012 2002 2012

Tanzania Zanzibar 981,754 1,285,427 186,062 250,212 5.3 5.1

Rural 593,031 690,427 79,419 137,662 7.5 5.0

Urban 388,723 594,883 72,012 112,550 5.4 5.3

Kaskazini Unguja 136,639 183,156 27,854 36,736 4.9 5.0

Kusini Unguja 94,244 112,359 19,937 25,734 4.7 4.4

Mjini Magharibi 390,074 586,882 74,363 112,716 5.2 5.2

Kaskazini Pemba 185,326 209,802 33,019 39,408 5.6 5.3

Kusini Pemba 175,471 193,228 29,776 35,618 5.9 5.4


33

4.4 Household Headship

A household head is a person who is acknowledged as such by other household members. The 2012

PHC results revealed that over two-thirds (69 percent) of the total private households in Tanzania

Zanzibar were headed by males (Figure 4.3).

Figure 4. 3: Percentage Distribution of Heads of Households by Sex,

Rural and Urban, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Figure 4.4 shows that the percentage of male headed households has decreased slightly from 70

percent recorded in the 1988 Census to 69 percent in 2012.

Female-headed

households

constituted 31

percent of all

private households

in Tanzania

Zanzibar.


34

Figure 4. 4: Proportion of Male and Female Headed Households, Tanzania Zanzibar,

1988, 2002 and 2012 Censuses

A total of 77,833 (31 percent) households were headed by females. The average household size for

female headed households (8.6 persons) was twice as big as male headed households (3.6 persons)

(Table 4.4). The 2009/10 Zanzibar Household Budget Survey has shown that poverty rate increases

with household size which implies that female headed households are more likely to be poor

compared with male headed households.

Table 4. 4: Households and Average Household Size by Region and Sex of Head, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Household Headship Average Household Size

Both Sexes Male Female Total Male Headed Female Headed

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 172,379 77,833 5.1 3.6 8.6

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 24,401 12,335 5.0 3.7 7.6

Kusini Unguja 25,734 18,657 7,077 4.4 3.0 8.0

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 78,147 34,569 5.2 3.6 8.9

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 26,658 12,750 5.3 3.8 8.4

Kusini Pemba 35,618 24,516 11,102 5.4 3.8 9.0


35

Chapter Five

Marital Status

5.1 Introduction

The system of classifying population by marital status varies across countries and from time to time

in accordance with prevailing laws and customs. The information on marital status is in most cases

collected from persons above a certain minimum age, which is the lower limit of age at first

marriage in that particular country.

During the 2012 PHC a question on marital status was asked to all respondents. However, the

analysis in this chapter is only for persons aged 15 years and above. Six categories were adopted to

describe marital status of persons were; Never Married, Married, Living Together, Separated,

Divorced and Widowed.

5.2 Marital Status

Tables 5.1 to 5.10 show marital status of Tanzania Zanzibar population aged 15 years and above by

age, sex, rural, urban and region in Tanzania Zanzibar. From the tables it may be noted that more

than half of the people were married (57 percent).

Table 5.1 and Figure 5.1 show that most of the Never Married were below age 25 years. Over 60

percent of the people in age group 15–24 were Never Married. The table also shows that 57 percent

of the people were Married and two (2) percent were Widowed. Results show that as age increases,

the proportion in the Never Married category decreases.


36

Table 5. 1: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Age Group Total Marital Status

Never Married Married Living Together Separated Divorced Widowed

Total 734,167 36.2 56.5 0.6 0.2 4.3 2.1

15 – 19 140,820 90.1 9.9 0.02 0.002 0.02 -

20 – 24 120,275 61.3 35.5 0.2 0.03 2.9 0.1

25 – 29 96,488 31.8 64.7 1.9 0.1 1.3 0.05

30 – 34 79,772 15.9 77.7 0.4 0.2 5.7 0.1

35 – 39 70,218 9.7 83.8 0.4 0.3 5.6 0.2

40 – 44 57,506 7.1 85.9 0.4 0.4 4.9 1.3

45 – 49 51,563 4.9 83.7 0.2 0.4 6.8 3.9

50 – 54 37,771 5.9 81.3 0.3 0.6 7.9 4.1

55 – 59 22,063 6.5 74.8 2.0 0.7 10.8 5.2

60 – 64 21,296 8.4 70.6 1.4 0.6 11.9 7.1

65 – 69 11,447 5.5 68.0 3.3 0.6 11.9 10.7

70 – 74 11,653 9.2 57.9 2.2 0.7 13.2 16.8

75 – 79 4,998 7.7 48.0 0.2 0.6 10.7 32.8

80+ 8,297 11.5 36.5 0.1 0.7 10.8 40.4

The results further reveal that the proportions Never Married category among the male population

(39 percent) is higher than that of female (34 percent). Likewise, the Married category proportion

of female population (57 percent) is slightly higher than that of males (56 percent). Only one (1)

percent of females and males are Living Together in Tanzania Zanzibar.


37

Figure 5. 1: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Marital

Status and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Tables 5.2 to 5.9 present marital status by sex, Rural and Urban Areas by five year age groups.

Results reveal that proportion of Never Married for males (39 percent) was slightly higher than that

of females (34 percent). However the proportion of widowed is twice as much for females (3

percent) as for males (1 percent).

The tables further indicate that majority of population in never married category decreases

gradually as age increases in rural and Urban Areas.


38

Table 5. 2: Percentage Distribution of Male Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census



Total 343,607 38.8 56.4 0.6 0.2 2.9 1.2

15 - 19 66,884 92.5 7.5 - - 0.01 -

20 - 24 53,620 72.3 24.4 0.1 0.02 3.2 0.1

25 - 29 42,775 39.7 56.9 2.3 0.1 1.0 0.1

30 - 34 36,342 18.6 75.5 0.5 0.2 5.2 0.1

35 - 39 32,148 10.7 84.0 0.5 0.2 4.5 0.2

40 - 44 27,203 7.2 88.2 0.5 0.3 2.7 1.2

45 - 49 23,482 4.1 89.3 0.3 0.2 3.2 2.9

50 - 54 19,378 4.2 89.5 0.3 0.4 3.3 2.4

55 - 59 12,269 3.7 87.1 1.1 0.4 5.1 2.5

60 - 64 11,220 4.2 86.5 0.8 0.3 5.1 3.0

65 - 69 6,095 3.1 85.0 1.5 0.4 5.7 4.3

70 - 74 5,774 4.1 81.7 0.8 0.6 6.3 6.6

75 - 79 2,644 3.9 74.0 0.2 0.5 6.4 15.0

80+ 3,773 6.8 66.6 0.2 0.8 6.5 19.0

Table 5. 3: Percentage Distribution of Female Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year

Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census



Total 390,560 34.0 56.5 0.7 0.3 5.6 2.9

15 – 19 73,936 87.8 12.1 0.03 0.004 0.03 -

20 – 24 66,655 52.5 44.5 0.3 0.03 2.7 0.1

25 – 29 53,713 25.6 71.0 1.6 0.1 1.6 0.03

30 – 34 43,430 13.6 79.6 0.4 0.2 6.1 0.1

35 – 39 38,070 8.9 83.5 0.4 0.3 6.6 0.2

40 – 44 30,303 7.0 83.9 0.3 0.5 6.9 1.4

45 – 49 28,081 5.5 79.0 0.2 0.6 9.9 4.8

50 – 54 18,393 7.6 72.7 0.2 0.8 12.7 6.0

55 – 59 9,794 10.0 59.3 3.1 1.1 17.9 8.6

60 – 64 10,076 13.1 52.8 2.1 1.0 19.5 11.6

65 – 69 5,352 8.2 48.6 5.3 0.8 19.1 18.0

70 – 74 5,879 14.3 34.6 3.6 0.9 19.9 26.8

75 – 79 2,354 12.0 18.7 0.1 0.7 15.6 52.8

80+ 4,524 15.4 11.5 0.1 0.6 14.3 58.2


39


Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census



Total 378,523 33.5 59.3 0.5 0.3 4.2 2.2

15 – 19 74,829 89.0 11.0 0.01 0.003 0.03 -

20 – 24 58,474 56.1 40.9 0.1 0.03 2.7 0.1

25 – 29 46,739 26.4 70.5 1.6 0.1 1.3 0.04

30 – 34 38,723 12.6 81.6 0.3 0.2 5.1 0.1

35 – 39 35,007 7.6 86.6 0.4 0.2 5.1 0.1

40 – 44 29,245 5.9 87.6 0.3 0.5 4.6 1.1

45 – 49 27,444 4.4 85.2 0.3 0.5 6.1 3.5

50 – 54 20,932 5.4 82.2 0.2 0.6 7.7 3.9

55 – 59 12,017 6.2 76.8 1.8 0.7 9.6 4.9

60 – 64 12,304 7.8 72.5 1.3 0.7 11.2 6.4

65 – 69 6,814 5.1 70.1 3.0 0.6 11.3 9.9

70 – 74 7,378 8.4 61.3 2.1 0.7 12.4 15.1

75 – 79 3,180 6.6 52.1 0.1 0.6 10.6 30.0

80+ 5,437 10.8 41.1 0.2 0.7 10.6 36.7

Table 5. 5: Percentage Distribution of Male Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census



Total 179,469 36.9 58.5 0.5 0.2 2.7 1.2

15 – 19 36,990 92.3 7.7 - - 0.01 -

20 – 24 26,484 69.5 27.3 0.1 0.03 3.0 0.1

25 – 29 20,960 33.9 62.8 2.0 0.1 1.2 0.1

30 – 34 17,935 14.6 80.1 0.4 0.2 4.7 0.1

35 – 39 15,828 8.1 87.1 0.5 0.2 3.9 0.2

40 – 44 13,283 6.1 89.6 0.4 0.4 2.6 1.0

45 – 49 12,494 3.8 90.1 0.3 0.3 3.0 2.5

50 – 54 10,459 3.7 90.0 0.2 0.4 3.2 2.3

55 – 59 6,708 3.6 88.1 0.9 0.5 4.8 2.1

60 – 64 6,428 4.0 87.5 0.8 0.3 4.8 2.6

65 – 69 3,661 2.7 86.0 1.5 0.5 5.5 3.7

70 – 74 3,801 3.6 83.6 0.7 0.5 5.6 6.0

75 – 79 1,782 3.3 75.5 0.2 0.5 6.1 14.5

80+ 2,656 6.3 69.9 0.3 0.8 5.6 17.1


40


Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census



Total 199,054 30.5 60.1 0.6 0.3 5.5 3.1

15 – 19 37,839 85.7 14.2 0.03 0.01 0.04 -

20 – 24 31,990 45.1 52.2 0.2 0.03 2.4 0.1

25 – 29 25,779 20.3 76.8 1.3 0.1 1.4 0.02

30 – 34 20,788 10.9 82.9 0.3 0.2 5.5 0.1

35 – 39 19,179 7.1 86.1 0.4 0.3 6.0 0.1

40 – 44 15,962 5.8 85.9 0.3 0.6 6.4 1.2

45 – 49 14,950 4.9 81.1 0.2 0.6 8.7 4.4

50 – 54 10,473 7.1 74.3 0.2 0.8 12.3 5.4

55 – 59 5,309 9.4 62.4 3.0 1.0 15.7 8.5

60 – 64 5,876 12.1 56.2 1.9 1.2 18.1 10.6

65 – 69 3,153 7.8 51.7 4.8 0.8 18.0 17.0

70 – 74 3,577 13.6 37.6 3.6 0.9 19.6 24.8

75 – 79 1,398 10.9 22.4 0.1 0.7 16.2 49.7

80+ 2,781 15.0 13.6 0.1 0.5 15.4 55.3


Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census



Total 355,644 39.1 53.5 0.7 0.2 4.5 2.0

15 – 19 65,991 91.3 8.7 0.02 0.002 0.01 -

20 – 24 61,801 66.2 30.4 0.2 0.02 3.1 0.1

25 – 29 49,749 36.9 59.3 2.2 0.1 1.4 0.1

30 – 34 41,049 18.9 74.1 0.5 0.1 6.2 0.1

35 – 39 35,211 11.9 81.0 0.4 0.3 6.2 0.2

40 – 44 28,261 8.3 84.2 0.4 0.3 5.2 1.6

45 – 49 24,119 5.4 82.0 0.2 0.4 7.6 4.4

50 – 54 16,839 6.4 80.2 0.3 0.5 8.1 4.4

55 – 59 10,046 6.9 72.4 2.2 0.7 12.1 5.6

60 – 64 8,992 9.2 67.8 1.6 0.5 12.9 7.9

65 – 69 4,633 6.1 64.8 3.7 0.6 12.9 12.0

70 – 74 4,275 10.5 52.1 2.5 0.8 14.4 19.7

75 – 79 1,818 9.6 40.6 0.3 0.7 11.1 37.7

80+ 2,860 12.8 27.8 0.1 0.7 11.2 47.4


41

Table 5. 8: Percentage Distribution of Male Population Aged 15 Years and Above by FiveYear Age

Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census



Total 164,138 40.8 54.2 0.7 0.1 3.0 1.2

15 – 19 29,894 92.8 7.2 - - 0.003 -

20 – 24 27,136 75.0 21.5 0.1 0.01 3.3 0.1

25 – 29 21,815 45.2 51.2 2.6 0.03 0.8 0.1

30 – 34 18,407 22.4 71.1 0.6 0.1 5.7 0.2

35 – 39 16,320 13.1 81.0 0.5 0.2 5.0 0.2

40 – 44 13,920 8.2 86.8 0.5 0.2 2.7 1.5

45 – 49 10,988 4.6 88.4 0.2 0.1 3.4 3.3

50 – 54 8,919 4.7 88.8 0.4 0.3 3.4 2.4

55 – 59 5,561 3.9 85.8 1.4 0.3 5.4 3.1

60 – 64 4,792 4.6 85.3 0.9 0.2 5.5 3.5

65 – 69 2,434 3.7 83.4 1.6 0.2 5.9 5.2

70 – 74 1,973 5.0 78.0 1.1 0.7 7.6 7.7

75 – 79 862 5.1 70.9 0.3 0.6 7.1 16.0

80+ 1,117 8.1 58.6 0.1 0.8 8.8 23.6


Age Groups and Marital Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census



Total 191,506 37.6 52.9 0.7 0.3 5.8 2.8

15 – 19 36,097 90.0 9.9 0.04 0.003 0.01 -

20 – 24 34,665 59.3 37.4 0.3 0.03 2.9 0.1

25 – 29 27,934 30.5 65.6 1.9 0.1 1.8 0.04

30 – 34 22,642 16.1 76.5 0.5 0.2 6.6 0.1

35 – 39 18,891 10.8 80.9 0.4 0.4 7.3 0.2

40 – 44 14,341 8.4 81.6 0.3 0.4 7.6 1.7

45 – 49 13,131 6.2 76.5 0.2 0.6 11.1 5.4

50 – 54 7,920 8.4 70.5 0.2 0.8 13.4 6.7

55 – 59 4,485 10.7 55.6 3.3 1.2 20.4 8.7

60 – 64 4,200 14.5 48.0 2.4 0.8 21.4 13.0

65 – 69 2,199 8.8 44.2 6.0 1.0 20.6 19.5

70 – 74 2,302 15.3 29.9 3.7 0.8 20.3 30.0

75 – 79 956 13.7 13.4 0.2 0.7 14.6 57.3

80+ 1,743 15.9 8.1 0.1 0.6 12.7 62.7


42

Table 5.10 indicates that there was little variation in the never married category at regional level. It

ranged from 32 percent in Kusini Unguja region to 38 percent in Mjini Magharibi. For the married

category, the range was from 54 percent in Mjini Magharibi region to 60 percent in Kusini Unguja

and Kaskazini Pemba regions. Living together is almost non-existent in Tanzania Zanzibar as only

one (1) percent of the population aged 15 years and above reported as living together

Table 5. 10: Percentage of Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Region and Marital Status,


Region Total Marital Status


Tanzania Zanzibar 734,167 36.2 56.5 0.6 0.2 4.3 2.1

Rural 378,523 33.5 59.3 0.5 0.3 4.2 2.2

Urban 355,644 39.1 53.5 0.7 0.2 4.5 2.0

Kaskazini Unguja 104,691 35.4 57.0 0.6 0.3 4.2 2.6

Kusini Unguja 67,947 31.8 59.7 0.7 0.4 5.3 2.1

Mjini Magharibi 351,661 38.4 54.0 0.8 0.2 4.6 1.9

Kaskazini Pemba 109,322 34.1 59.6 0.4 0.1 3.5 2.3

Kusini Pemba 100,546 34.6 59.0 0.4 0.1 3.7 2.2

5.3 Mean Age at First Marriage

Mean Age at First Marriage is one of the proxy determinants of fertility. A population, in which

age at marriage is low, tends to have early childbearing and high fertility. Since there was no direct

question on Age at First Marriage in the 2012 PHC, the mean age at first marriage has been

estimated using the method of Singulate Mean Age at First Marriage (SMAM). The Mean Age at

First Marriage is defined as the average length of single life expressed in years among those who

marry before age 50.

The mean age at first marriage by sex is presented in Figure 5.2. The results show that, females are

getting married at younger ages than males. The mean age at first marriage in 2012 in Tanzania

Zanzibar was 26.3 years for males and 23.3 years for females. Figure 5.2 shows that the mean age

at first marriage for females slightly increased from 22.2 years in 2002 Census to 23.3 years in

2012, while the mean age at first marriage for males decreased from 27.9 years in 2002 Census to

26.3 years in 2012. The mean age at first marriage is higher in Urban Areas compared to Rural

Areas for both males and females; and it is lower for females as shown in (Figures 5.2 and 5.3).


43

Figure 5. 2: Mean Age at First Marriage by Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses

Figure 5. 3: Mean Age at First Marriage by Rural and Urban Areas and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2002 and 2012 Censuses


44

Table 5.11 and Figure 5.4 show that regional variations exist with Mjini Magharibi having the

highest mean age at first marriage for both males (26.8 years) and females (23.9 years), followed

by Kaskazini Unguja (26.0 years for males and 23.3 years for females). The region with the lowest

mean age at first marriage was Kusini Pemba (25.5 years for males and 22.5 years for females).

Table 5. 11: Mean Age at First Marriage by Region and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012

Censuses

Region Both Sexes Male Female

2002 2012 2002 2012 2002 2012

Tanzania Zanzibar 24.9 24.7 27.9 26.3 22.2 23.3

Rural 24.0 23.8 27.1 25.5 21.3 22.3

Urban 25.9 25.5 28.9 27.0 23.3 24.2

Kaskazini Unguja 24.4 24.6 27.6 26.0 21.5 23.3

Kusini Unguja 24.5 23.8 27.5 25.7 21.6 22.0

Mjini Magharibi 25.7 25.3 28.7 26.8 23.0 23.9

Kaskazini Pemba 23.6 23.7 26.8 25.4 21.0 22.3

Kusini Pemba 24.2 23.9 27.1 25.5 21.8 22.5

Figure 5. 4: Mean Age at Marriage by Region and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census


45

Chapter Six


6.1 Citizenship

The 2012 PHC collected information on citizenship of respondents. Table 6.1 revealed that 99

percent of the enumerated population was Tanzanian. Foreigners were mostly from Italy (0.2

percent), Great Britain (0.06 percent) and Kenya (0.03 percent).


46

Table 6. 1: Number and Percentage Distribution of Enumerated Population by Citizenship and Sex,


Citizenship

Total Rural Urban

Both Sexes

Male Female Percent Both

Sexes Male Female Percent

Both Sexes

Male Female Percent

Total 1,303,569 630,677 672,892 100 699,803 343,558 356,245 100 603,766 287,119 316,647 100

Tanzanian 1,296,965 627,330 669,635 99.493 696,335 341,848 354,487 99.504 600,630 285,482 315,148 99

Angola 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Botswana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Burundi 13 8 5 0.001 2 2 0 0 11 6 5 0.002

Comoro 20 11 9 0.002 0 0 0 0 20 11 9 0.003

Kenya 352 192 160 0.027 137 85 52 0.02 215 107 108 0.036

Lesotho 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

Malawi 9 7 2 0.001 5 3 2 0.001 4 4 0 0.001

Mauritius 25 11 14 0.002 20 9 11 0.003 5 2 3 0.001

Mozambique 101 42 59 0.008 65 24 41 0.009 36 18 18 0.006

Namibia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rwanda 7 4 3 0.001 3 2 1 0 4 2 2 0.001

Seychelles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Somalia 28 13 15 0.002 6 1 5 0.001 22 12 10 0.004

Swaziland 18 10 8 0.001 12 7 5 0.002 6 3 3 0.001

South Africa 153 87 66 0.012 70 39 31 0.01 83 48 35 0.014

Uganda 48 21 27 0.004 12 7 5 0.002 36 14 22 0.006

Republic of Congo 10 9 1 0.001 0 0 0 0 10 9 1 0.002

Zimbabwe 23 9 14 0.002 4 1 3 0.001 19 8 11 0.003

Zambia 6 3 3 0 3 1 2 0 3 2 1 0

Other African Countries

60 32 28 0.005 17 12 5 0.002 43 20 23 0.007

China 126 99 27 0.01 13 13 0 0.002 113 86 27 0.019

India 195 124 71 0.015 11 9 2 0.002 184 115 69 0.03

Pakistan 42 25 17 0.003 12 10 2 0.002 30 15 15 0.005

Other Asian Countries

365 213 152 0.028 74 36 38 0.011 291 177 114 0.048

Italy 1,949 938 1,011 0.15 1,330 646 684 0.19 619 292 327 0.103

Nordic Countries 259 117 142 0.02 157 65 92 0.022 102 52 50 0.017

Great Britain 737 357 380 0.057 284 134 150 0.041 453 223 230 0.075

Germany 493 232 261 0.038 286 132 154 0.041 207 100 107 0.034

Other European Countries

1,079 545 534 0.083 772 384 388 0.11 307 161 146 0.051

Canada 77 40 37 0.006 34 14 20 0.005 43 26 17 0.007

USA 281 140 141 0.022 94 52 42 0.013 187 88 99 0.031

Dual Citizenship 125 57 68 0.01 43 21 22 0.006 82 36 46 0.014


47

6.2 Birth Certificate

A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. The term "birth certificate"

can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified

copy of or a representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a

record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by a midwife or doctor. In the

2012 PHC respondents were asked to state if they had birth certificates or notifications.

6.2.1 Birth Registration

Birth registration is the process by which a child‟s birth is recorded in the civil register by a

Government authority. It provides the first legal recognition of the child and is generally required

for the child to obtain a birth certificate and as a result any other legal documents and rights.

During the 2012 PHC, data on birth certificates were collected from all respondents regardless of

their age. Table 6.2 reveals that 71 percent of Tanzania Zanzibar population had birth certificates

while six (6) percent had not completed the registration process as such they had birth notifications

only. Percentage of population with birth certificates was relatively higher among younger

population as compared with that of older population, indicating an improvement in the registration

activities in recent years.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_record


48

Table 6. 2: Percentage Population by Status of Birth Certificate by Five Year Age Group and Sex,


Age

Group

Has a Birth Certificate Has a Birth Notification Has no Birth

Certificate/Notification Don't Know

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Total 71.0 72.8 69.4 5.6 5.7 5.5 21.9 19.8 23.9 1.5 1.7 1.3

0 - 4 75.5 75.6 75.4 12.7 12.7 12.7 11.0 10.9 11.1 0.7 0.7 0.7

5 - 9 80.9 81.0 80.8 7.3 7.3 7.3 11.0 11.0 11.0 0.8 0.7 0.9

10 - 14 82.1 82.3 81.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 11.2 11.1 11.3 0.8 0.8 0.9

15 - 19 79.7 80.2 79.3 4.8 4.9 4.6 14.4 13.9 14.9 1.1 1.1 1.1

20 - 24 76.8 79.2 74.8 3.3 3.4 3.2 18.5 15.7 20.8 1.4 1.6 1.2

25 - 29 69.8 72.0 67.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 25.5 22.5 27.8 2.0 2.6 1.5

30 - 34 66.3 69.2 63.9 2.4 2.3 2.4 29.1 25.4 32.2 2.2 3.1 1.5

35 - 39 61.8 65.4 58.8 2.3 2.1 2.5 33.6 29.3 37.2 2.3 3.2 1.5

40 - 44 58.1 62.8 53.8 2.4 2.4 2.5 36.9 31.3 41.9 2.6 3.5 1.7

45 - 49 53.4 59.7 48.0 2.8 2.6 3.0 41.4 34.7 47.0 2.4 3.0 2.0

50 - 54 48.2 54.8 41.2 2.9 2.8 2.9 46.2 39.2 53.6 2.7 3.2 2.2

55 - 59 44.8 49.8 38.6 2.9 3.3 2.5 49.6 44.1 56.5 2.7 2.9 2.5

60 - 64 36.8 42.5 30.5 2.7 3.1 2.3 57.4 51.2 64.2 3.1 3.2 3.0

65 - 69 34.6 40.8 27.6 2.7 3.1 2.2 59.7 53.1 67.1 3.0 2.9 3.0

70 - 74 27.7 32.0 23.5 2.6 2.7 2.6 66.3 62.0 70.4 3.4 3.3 3.5

75 - 79 27.6 30.3 24.6 2.9 3.2 2.5 66.5 63.5 69.9 3.0 3.0 3.0

80+ 24.8 26.7 23.1 2.6 3.0 2.2 69.0 66.8 70.8 3.7 3.4 3.9

Tables 6.3 and 6.4 reveal that possession of birth certificates was higher in Urban Areas (83

percent) than in Rural Areas (61percent).


49


Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census

Age

Group



Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Total 61.2 63.2 59.2 8.0 8.2 7.8 29.2 26.8 31.5 1.6 1.8 1.5

0 - 4 68.2 68.5 68.0 16.4 16.4 16.4 14.5 14.4 14.7 0.8 0.8 0.9

5 - 9 73.2 73.6 72.8 10.8 10.7 11.0 15.0 14.9 15.1 1.0 0.9 1.1

10 - 14 74.2 74.6 73.7 9.0 8.9 9.0 15.9 15.6 16.2 1.0 0.9 1.1

15 - 19 71.2 71.8 70.6 7.5 7.6 7.4 20.0 19.3 20.7 1.2 1.2 1.3

20 - 24 66.9 69.6 64.6 5.1 5.5 4.8 26.4 23.1 29.1 1.6 1.8 1.5

25 - 29 57.7 60.0 55.9 4.1 4.3 3.9 35.8 32.7 38.3 2.3 2.9 1.8

30 - 34 53.3 56.9 50.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 41.0 36.5 44.9 2.5 3.4 1.7

35 - 39 47.9 52.4 44.2 3.0 2.7 3.3 46.5 41.5 50.7 2.5 3.4 1.8

40 - 44 43.0 47.7 39.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 51.1 45.3 55.9 2.8 3.8 2.0

45 - 49 39.8 45.7 34.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 54.2 47.9 59.6 2.6 3.0 2.2

50 - 54 34.2 40.8 27.5 3.4 3.5 3.2 59.7 52.3 67.0 2.8 3.4 2.2

55 - 59 30.7 36.4 23.5 3.5 4.1 2.9 62.9 56.6 71.0 2.8 2.9 2.6

60 - 64 24.3 29.1 19.1 3.0 3.5 2.5 69.4 64.0 75.4 3.2 3.3 3.0

65 - 69 23.7 28.8 17.8 3.0 3.6 2.4 70.4 64.6 77.1 2.9 3.0 2.7

70 - 74 19.5 22.8 16.0 2.6 2.7 2.5 74.5 71.3 77.9 3.4 3.2 3.6

75 - 79 19.7 22.5 16.0 3.1 3.4 2.8 73.9 71.0 77.7 3.3 3.1 3.5

80+ 18.6 20.7 16.7 2.5 3.0 2.0 75.6 72.9 78.1 3.3 3.4 3.2


50


Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census

Age

Group



Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Total 82.5 84.3 80.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 13.5 11.4 15.3 1.3 1.5 1.1

0 - 4 85.4 85.4 85.4 7.8 7.8 7.8 6.3 6.2 6.3 0.5 0.5 0.5

5 - 9 91.2 91.3 91.0 2.7 2.7 2.7 5.6 5.5 5.7 0.5 0.5 0.6

10 - 14 91.8 92.2 91.4 2.1 2.0 2.2 5.5 5.2 5.7 0.6 0.6 0.7

15 - 19 89.4 90.4 88.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 8.1 7.1 8.8 0.9 0.8 1.0

20 - 24 86.2 88.7 84.2 1.6 1.4 1.7 11.1 8.5 13.1 1.2 1.4 1.0

25 - 29 81.0 83.6 79.1 1.5 1.4 1.6 15.8 12.7 18.2 1.6 2.3 1.1

30 - 34 78.7 81.3 76.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 17.9 14.6 20.5 1.9 2.7 1.2

35 - 39 75.6 77.9 73.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 20.8 17.5 23.6 2.1 3.0 1.2

40 - 44 73.6 77.2 70.1 1.8 1.5 2.0 22.3 18.0 26.4 2.3 3.2 1.5

45 - 49 68.8 75.6 63.1 2.1 1.8 2.4 26.8 19.7 32.7 2.3 2.9 1.8

50 - 54 65.6 71.2 59.4 2.2 2.0 2.5 29.5 23.8 35.9 2.6 3.0 2.2

55 - 59 61.7 65.9 56.4 2.2 2.3 2.0 33.6 29.0 39.3 2.6 2.8 2.3

60 - 64 53.9 60.5 46.5 2.2 2.5 1.9 40.8 33.9 48.7 3.0 3.1 2.9

65 - 69 50.7 59.0 41.7 2.2 2.4 2.0 43.9 35.8 52.8 3.2 2.8 3.5

70 - 74 41.9 49.7 35.1 2.6 2.7 2.6 52.1 44.2 58.9 3.4 3.4 3.4

75 - 79 41.4 46.3 37.0 2.5 2.9 2.1 53.6 48.0 58.6 2.5 2.8 2.3

80+ 36.4 41.1 33.3 2.7 3.1 2.4 56.5 52.3 59.3 4.4 3.5 5.0

Table 6.5 shows the regional variation in birth registration. In Tanzania Zanzibar, Kaskazini Pemba

region had the lowest level of birth registration (54 percent) and Mjini Magharibi had the highest

(82 percent).

.

Table 6. 5: Percentage Population by Status of Birth Certificate, Region and Sex, Tanzania


Region



Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Tanzania Zanzibar 71.0 72.8 69.4 5.6 5.7 5.5 21.9 19.8 23.9 1.5 1.7 1.3

Kaskazini Unguja 67.3 69.1 65.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 25.4 23.3 27.4 1.7 1.9 1.5

Kusini Unguja 71.7 73.4 70.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 23.7 21.5 25.8 2.0 2.4 1.7

Mjini Magharibi 81.9 83.4 80.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 14.3 12.4 15.9 1.4 1.7 1.1

Kaskazini Pemba 54.3 56.7 52.0 11.1 11.4 10.8 33.3 30.5 35.9 1.4 1.4 1.3

Kusini Pemba 59.3 61.7 57.2 10.8 11.1 10.5 28.6 25.9 31.1 1.3 1.3 1.3


51

Chapter Seven

Survival of Parents

7.1 Introduction

Data on survival of parents is usually collected in order to determine the extent of orphanhood in a

society. However, these data may have a problem of over-representation of parents with several

surviving children and the adoption effect, which arises when a child is orphaned at a very young

age and adopted by relatives. Relatives tend to regard such children as their true biological

children.

Generally, the term „orphan‟ is understood to mean a person whose mother and father are both

dead. However, United Nations definition that was adopted by Tanzanian Government identifies

an orphan as a person or child who has lost one or both of his parents. Depending on the society in

question, the age limit for somebody to be called a child is predetermined. In Tanzania, a child is

defined as a person who is under 18 years of age thus an orphan in Tanzania Zanzibar is a child of

age 0 to 17 years who has lost one or both of his parents.

7.2 Survival of Parents

In the 2012 PHC, data on the survival of parents were collected from a sample of 30 percent of

private households. Each person was asked to state if his/her mother and father were alive, dead or

if their survival status was unknown. Data collected was with respect to a person‟s biological

parents and not his/her adopting or fostering parents.

Tables 7.1 to 7.3 present percentage distributions of population by survival of parents by age

groups for the total, male and female population. The tables indicate that more than 70 percent of

all persons in Tanzania Zanzibar and 94 percent of all children below the age of 18 years reported

to have their both parents surviving. The percentage of persons having both parents surviving

decreased as age increased for both sexes.


52

Table 7. 1: Population Distribution by Age Groups and Survival of Parents, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census

Age Group Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead

Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

Total 1,285,427 912,487 71.0 47,645 3.7 180,930 14.1 144,365 11.2

< 1 41,953 41,442 98.8 145 0.3 311 0.7 55 0.1

1–4 160,866 157,476 97.9 954 0.6 2,135 1.3 300 0.2

5–9 182,699 174,760 95.7 2,006 1.1 5,286 2.9 647 0.4

10–14 165,742 151,583 91.5 3,474 2.1 9,631 5.8 1,055 0.6

15–19 140,820 120,584 85.6 4,350 3.1 14,061 10.0 1,826 1.3

20–24 120,275 92,253 76.7 5,866 4.9 18,870 15.7 3,285 2.7

25–29 96,488 63,251 65.6 6,020 6.2 21,970 22.8 5,247 5.4

30–34 79,772 42,663 53.5 6,063 7.6 23,610 29.6 7,437 9.3

35–39 70,218 30,105 42.9 5,742 8.2 24,041 34.2 10,331 14.7

40–44 57,506 17,941 31.2 4,842 8.4 20,767 36.1 13,956 24.3

45–49 51,563 10,838 21.0 4,040 7.8 17,815 34.5 18,870 36.6

50–54 37,771 4,866 12.9 2,173 5.8 11,406 30.2 19,325 51.2

55–59 22,063 1,917 8.7 934 4.2 5,310 24.1 13,902 63.0

60–64 21,296 1,183 5.6 523 2.5 3,345 15.7 16,246 76.3

65+ 36,395 1,625 4.5 514 1.4 2,372 6.5 31,884 87.6

Total (Age 0-17) 634,510 597,768 94.2 8,888 1.4 24,880 3.9 2,973 0.5

Table 7. 2: Distribution of Male Population by Age Groups and Survival of Parents, Tanzania


Age Group Male

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead


Total 619,561 443,773 71.6 22,499 3.6 84,834 13.7 68,455 11.0

< 1 21,141 20,881 98.8 77 0.4 151 0.7 31 0.1

1–4 80,590 78,965 98.0 456 0.6 1,041 1.3 128 0.2

5–9 91,251 87,301 95.7 1,005 1.1 2,631 2.9 314 0.3

10–14 82,972 75,998 91.6 1,708 2.1 4,785 5.8 482 0.6

15–19 66,884 57,503 86.0 1,904 2.8 6,630 9.9 847 1.3

20–24 53,620 42,040 78.4 2,330 4.3 7,957 14.8 1,293 2.4

25–29 42,775 28,414 66.4 2,698 6.3 9,527 22.3 2,137 5.0

30–34 36,342 19,499 53.7 2,838 7.8 10,732 29.5 3,273 9.0

35–39 32,148 14,057 43.7 2,651 8.2 11,008 34.2 4,433 13.8

40–44 27,203 8,759 32.2 2,447 9.0 9,855 36.2 6,142 22.6

45–49 23,482 5,258 22.4 2,004 8.5 8,407 35.8 7,813 33.3

50–54 19,378 2,666 13.8 1,180 6.1 6,059 31.3 9,474 48.9

55–59 12,269 1,082 8.8 610 5.0 3,012 24.5 7,565 61.7

60–64 11,220 623 5.6 296 2.6 1,792 16.0 8,509 75.8

65+ 18,286 728 4.0 296 1.6 1,248 6.8 16,013 87.6

Total (Age 0-17) 316,316 298,342 94.3 4,340 1.4 12,240 3.9 1,394 0.4


53

Table 7. 3: Distribution Female Population by Age Groups and Survival of Parents, Tanzania


Age Group Female

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead


Total 665,866 468,714 70.4 25,145 3.8 96,096 14.4 75,911 11.4

< 1 20,812 20,561 98.8 67 0.3 160 0.8 24 0.1

1–4 80,276 78,512 97.8 498 0.6 1,094 1.4 172 0.2

5–9 91,448 87,459 95.6 1,001 1.1 2,655 2.9 333 0.4

10–14 82,770 75,585 91.3 1,766 2.1 4,846 5.9 573 0.7

15–19 73,936 63,080 85.3 2,446 3.3 7,431 10.1 979 1.3

20–24 66,655 50,213 75.3 3,536 5.3 10,913 16.4 1,993 3.0

25–29 53,713 34,837 64.9 3,322 6.2 12,443 23.2 3,111 5.8

30–34 43,430 23,164 53.3 3,225 7.4 12,877 29.7 4,163 9.6

35–39 38,070 16,047 42.2 3,092 8.1 13,033 34.2 5,898 15.5

40–44 30,303 9,182 30.3 2,395 7.9 10,912 36.0 7,814 25.8

45–49 28,081 5,580 19.9 2,035 7.2 9,408 33.5 11,058 39.4

50–54 18,393 2,201 12.0 994 5.4 5,348 29.1 9,851 53.6

55–59 9,794 835 8.5 324 3.3 2,298 23.5 6,337 64.7

60–64 10,076 560 5.6 226 2.2 1,553 15.4 7,737 76.8

65+ 18,109 896 4.9 218 1.2 1,124 6.2 15,870 87.6

Total (Age 0-17) 318,194 299,426 94.1 4,549 1.4 12,640 4.0 1,579 0.5

Tables 7.4 to 7.8 show distribution survival of parents, region, sex, Rural and Urban Areas. They

show that the highest proportion of persons who reported to have both parents alive were in the

regions of Kusini Pemba (74 percent), followed by Kaskazini Pemba (73 percent). The regions with

the lowest proportion of persons who reported to have both parents alive were Kusini Unguja (68

percent) and Mjini Magharibi (70 percent).

Generally, the proportion of persons who reported to have lost only their fathers was more than

three times higher (14 percent) than those reported to have lost only their mothers (4 percent).

The proportion of persons who reported to have lost both parents was highest in Kaskazini Unguja

region and Kusini Unguja (13 percent each) and the lowest was Mjini Magharibi (11 percent) and

Kusini Pemba region (11 percent).


54

Table 7. 4: Regional Distribution of Persons by Survival Status of Parents, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census

Region Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead


Tanzania Zanzibar 1,285,427 912,487 71.0 47,645 3.7 180,930 14.1 144,365 11.2

Rural 649,815 468,118 72.0 22,415 3.4 85,031 13.1 74,250 11.4

Urban 635,612 444,369 69.9 25,229 4.0 95,899 15.1 70,115 11.0

Kaskazini Unguja 183,156 130,596 71.3 6,225 3.4 23,384 12.8 22,952 12.5

Kusini Unguja 112,359 76,160 67.8 4,406 3.9 17,721 15.8 14,072 12.5

Mjini Magharibi 586,882 411,650 70.1 24,301 4.1 89,393 15.2 61,538 10.5

Kaskazini Pemba 209,802 152,155 72.5 6,771 3.2 26,067 12.4 24,808 11.8

Kusini Pemba 193,228 141,927 73.5 5,942 3.1 24,364 12.6 20,995 10.9

Table 7. 5: Regional Distribution of Males by Survival Status of Parents, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census

Region Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead


Tanzania Zanzibar 619,561 443,773 71.6 22,499 3.6 84,834 13.7 68,455 11.0

Rural 319,212 231,633 72.6 10,847 3.4 40,821 12.8 35,911 11.2

Urban 300,349 212,140 70.6 11,653 3.9 44,013 14.7 32,544 10.8


Kusini Unguja 55,751 38,319 68.7 2,088 3.7 8,669 15.5 6,675 12.0

Mjini Magharibi 279,248 197,090 70.6 11,463 4.1 41,717 14.9 28,978 10.4

Kaskazini Pemba 102,143 75,042 73.5 3,188 3.1 12,100 11.8 11,813 11.6

Kusini Pemba 92,793 69,011 74.4 2,702 2.9 11,178 12.0 9,901 10.7

Table 7. 6: Regional Distribution of Females by Survival Status of Parents, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census

Region Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead



Rural 330,603 236,485 71.5 11,568 3.5 44,210 13.4 38,339 11.6

Urban 335,263 232,229 69.3 13,577 4.0 51,886 15.5 37,571 11.2


Kusini Unguja 56,608 37,840 66.8 2,318 4.1 9,052 16.0 7,398 13.1

Mjini Magharibi 307,634 214,560 69.7 12,838 4.2 47,677 15.5 32,560 10.6

Kaskazini Pemba 107,659 77,113 71.6 3,583 3.3 13,968 13.0 12,995 12.1

Kusini Pemba 100,435 72,915 72.6 3,240 3.2 13,186 13.1 11,094 11.0


55


Rural, 2012 Census

Region Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead



Male 319,212 231,633 72.6 10,847 3.4 40,821 12.8 35,911 11.2

Female 330,603 236,485 71.5 11,568 3.5 44,210 13.4 38,339 11.6


Kusini Unguja 96,752 65,781 68.0 3,816 3.9 15,351 15.9 11,804 12.2

Mjini Magharibi 151,914 110,039 72.4 6,015 4.0 21,963 14.5 13,897 9.1

Kaskazini Pemba 138,712 101,530 73.2 4,477 3.2 15,986 11.5 16,720 12.1

Kusini Pemba 116,409 86,556 74.4 3,355 2.9 13,735 11.8 12,762 11.0


Urban, 2012 Census

Region Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead



Male 300,349 212,140 70.6 11,653 3.9 44,013 14.7 32,544 10.8

Female 335,263 232,229 69.3 13,577 4.0 51,886 15.5 37,571 11.2


Kusini Unguja 15,607 10,379 66.5 590 3.8 2,371 15.2 2,268 14.5

Mjini Magharibi 434,968 301,611 69.3 18,285 4.2 67,430 15.5 47,641 11.0

Kaskazini Pemba 71,090 50,625 71.2 2,294 3.2 10,082 14.2 8,089 11.4

Kusini Pemba 76,819 55,370 72.1 2,587 3.4 10,629 13.8 8,233 10.7

Table 7.9 presents the percentage distribution of persons by selected age groups and survival of

parents. The results show that proportion of persons whose both parents were alive decrease as age

increases while that for persons with father and mother dead increases as age increases. A Similar

pattern is observed for both males and females (Table 7.10 and 7.11) and for both Rural and Urban

Areas (Table 7.12 and 7.13).


56

Table 7. 9: Percentage Distribution of Persons by Selected Age Groups and Survival of Parents,


Age Group Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead


Total 1,285,427 912,487 71.0 47,645 3.7 180,930 14.1 144,365 11.2

< 1 41,953 41,442 98.8 145 0.3 311 0.7 55 0.1

1–4 160,866 157,476 97.9 954 0.6 2,135 1.3 300 0.2

5–9 182,699 174,760 95.7 2,006 1.1 5,286 2.9 647 0.4

10–14 165,742 151,583 91.5 3,474 2.1 9,631 5.8 1,055 0.6

15–19 140,820 120,584 85.6 4,350 3.1 14,061 10.0 1,826 1.3

20–24 120,275 92,253 76.7 5,866 4.9 18,870 15.7 3,285 2.7

25+ 473,072 174,389 36.9 30,851 6.5 130,636 27.6 137,198 29.0

Table 7. 10: Percentage Distribution of Males by Selected Age Groups and Survival of Parents,


Age Group Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead


Total 619,561 443,773 71.6 22,499 3.6 84,834 13.7 68,455 11.0

< 1 21,141 20,881 98.8 77 0.4 151 0.7 31 0.1

1–4 80,590 78,965 98.0 456 0.6 1,041 1.3 128 0.2

5–9 91,251 87,301 95.7 1,005 1.1 2,631 2.9 314 0.3

10–14 82,972 75,998 91.6 1,708 2.1 4,785 5.8 482 0.6

15–19 66,884 57,503 86.0 1,904 2.8 6,630 9.9 847 1.3

20–24 53,620 42,040 78.4 2,330 4.3 7,957 14.8 1,293 2.4

25+ 223,103 81,086 36.3 15,020 6.7 61,640 27.6 65,359 29.3

Table 7. 11: Percentage Distribution of Females by Selected Age Groups and Survival of Parents,


Age Group Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead


Total 665,866 468,714 70.4 25,145 3.8 96,096 14.4 75,911 11.4

< 1 20,812 20,561 98.8 67 0.3 160 0.8 24 0.1

1–4 80,276 78,512 97.8 498 0.6 1,094 1.4 172 0.2

5–9 91,448 87,459 95.6 1,001 1.1 2,655 2.9 333 0.4

10–14 82,770 75,585 91.3 1,766 2.1 4,846 5.9 573 0.7

15–19 73,936 63,080 85.3 2,446 3.3 7,431 10.1 979 1.3

20–24 66,655 50,213 75.3 3,536 5.3 10,913 16.4 1,993 3.0

25+ 249,969 93,302 37.3 15,831 6.3 68,996 27.6 71839.0 28.7


57



Age Group Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead


Total 649,815 468,118 72.0 22,415 3.4 85,031 13.1 74,250 11.4

< 1 23,409 23,169 99.0 66 0.3 147 0.6 26 0.1

1–4 88,453 86,773 98.1 491 0.6 1,043 1.2 145 0.2

5–9 98,361 94,412 96.0 1,004 1.0 2,625 2.7 321 0.3

10–14 84,728 78,140 92.2 1,591 1.9 4,570 5.4 427 0.5

15–19 69,162 59,866 86.6 1,971 2.8 6,624 9.6 701 1.0

20–24 54,994 42,593 77.5 2,475 4.5 8,538 15.5 1,388 2.5

25+ 230,707 83,165 36.0 14,817 6.4 61,485 26.7 71,242 30.9



Age Group Total

Population

Father Alive

Mother Alive

Father Alive

Mother Dead

Father Dead

Mother Alive

Father Dead

Mother Dead


Total 635,612 444,369 69.9 25,229 4.0 95,899 15.1 70,115 11.0

< 1 18,544 18,273 98.5 79 0.4 164 0.9 29 0.2

1–4 72,413 70,703 97.6 462 0.6 1,092 1.5 155 0.2

5–9 84,338 80,348 95.3 1,003 1.2 2,661 3.2 326 0.4

10–14 81,014 73,443 90.7 1,883 2.3 5,061 6.2 628 0.8

15–19 71,658 60,717 84.7 2,378 3.3 7,437 10.4 1,125 1.6

20–24 65,281 49,660 76.1 3,391 5.2 10,332 15.8 1,897 2.9

25+ 242,365 91,223 37.6 16,033 6.6 69,154 28.5 65,956 27.2


58

7.3 Orphans in Tanzania Zanzibar

Figure 7.1 shows that one (1) percent of the population below 18 years had lost both of their

parents. When children of 1-17 years who had lost one of their parents are included, 5.78 percent of

children in Tanzania Zanzibar were orphans. This orphanhood is slightly higher for female children

(5.84 percent) compared with male children (5.71 percent).

Figure 7. 1: Percentage of Children below Age 18 Years by Survival of Parents, Tanzania


Table 7.14 shows regional distribution of children below 18 years of age by survival of parents and

sex. The table shows that orphanhood prevalence was highest in Kusini Unguja (7 percent),

followed by Mjini Magharibi (6 percent). Regions showing low prevalence of orphanhood were

Kaskazini Unguja, Kusini Pemba and Kaskazini Pemba (5 percent) each.

Generally, in Tanzania Zanzibar there were proportionally more child orphans in Urban Areas (7

percent) than Rural Areas (5 percent).


59

Table 7. 14: Regional Percentage Distribution of Children below Age 18 Years by Survival of Parents, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region

Total Population at Age 0-17 Father Alive Mother Dead Father Dead Mother Alive Father Dead Mother Dead One or Both Parents are Dead

Both Sexes

Male Female Both

Sexes Male Female

Both Sexes

Male Female Both

Sexes Male Female

Both Sexes

Male Female

Tanzania Zanzibar 634,510 317,035 317,475 1.4 1.4 1.4 3.9 3.9 4.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 5.8 5.7 5.8

Rural 356,560 181,112 175,448 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.5 3.6 3.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 5.2 5.2 5.1

Urban 277,950 135,923 142,027 1.6 1.6 1.6 4.4 4.2 4.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 6.6 6.4 6.7

Kaskazini Unguja 89,991 45,049 44,942 1.1 1.2 1.0 3.5 3.5 3.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 5.0 5.0 5.0

Kusini Unguja 51,140 26,276 24,864 1.5 1.4 1.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 6.5 6.3 6.6

Mjini Magharibi 272,244 133,518 138,726 1.6 1.5 1.6 4.3 4.1 4.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 6.4 6.2 6.6

Kaskazini Pemba 114,985 58,488 56,497 1.4 1.4 1.4 3.4 3.5 3.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 5.2 5.2 5.1

Kusini Pemba 106,150 53,703 52,447 1.2 1.2 1.2 3.6 3.7 3.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 5.1 5.2 5.1


60

Chapter Eight

Diaspora

8.1 Introduction

The 2012 PHC collected information on number of Tanzanians living outside the country

(diaspora) and if the household received any remittances from them. Information was collected by

asking a direct question if there was any person who was a member of the household but was living

outside the country at the time of the Census, the name of country in which that particular person

lived and if that particular household received any remittance (cash or in kind) from him or her.

8.2 Number of Persons Living in Diaspora

Table 8.1 presents information on the number of households that reported to have at least one of the

household members living outside the country by region. Two (2) percent (4,649) of total private

households in Tanzania Zanzibar reported to have at least one member of the households living

outside the country. Percentage of households with members living in diaspora was slightly higher

in Mjini Magharibi (3 percent) and the lowest was Kaskazini Unguja (0.3 percent).

Table 8. 1: Number and Percentage of Households with Diaspora by Region, Rural and Urban

Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census.

Region

Total Households Rural Urban

Total

Households

Total

Household

with

Diaspora

Percent Total

Households

Total

Household

with

Diaspora

Percent Total

Households

Total

Household

with

Diaspora

Percent

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 4,649 1.9 137,662 912 0.7 112,550 3,737 3.3

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 119 0.3 33,530 98 0.3 3,206 21 0.7

Kusini Unguja 25,734 155 0.6 24,008 139 0.6 1,726 16 0.9

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 3,472 3.1 19,320 212 1.1 93,396 3,260 3.5

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 502 1.3 32,217 258 0.8 7,191 244 3.4

Kusini Pemba 35,618 401 1.1 28,587 205 0.7 7,031 196 2.8

Table 8.2 shows the number and percentage of households by number of persons living outside the

country. The majority of the households (72 percent) had one member living abroad followed by

households having 2-4 members in diaspora (25 percent).


61

Table 8. 2: Number and Percentage of Households with Diaspora by Region and Number of Persons

Living Abroad, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total

1 Person 2-4 Persons 5-9 Persons 10+ Persons

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Tanzania Zanzibar 4,649 3,358 72.2 1,157 24.9 129 2.8 5 0.1

Kaskazini Unguja 119 92 77.3 25 21.0 2 1.7 0 0.0

Kusini Unguja 155 115 74.2 34 21.9 6 3.9 0 0.0

Mjini Magharibi 3,472 2,484 71.5 888 25.6 97 2.8 3 0.1

Kaskazini Pemba 502 363 72.3 119 23.7 20 4.0 0 0.0

Kusini Pemba 401 304 75.8 91 22.7 4 1.0 2 0.5


62

Table 8.3 shows that the number of persons living outside Tanzania Zanzibar by country of

residence and place of origin (Rural and Urban Areas). Eighty four (84) percent of the diaspora

were from Urban Areas while 16 percent were from Rural Areas.

Table 8. 3: Number and Percentage of Tanzanians as Reported at Household Level, Living Outside

Tanzania Zanzibar by Country of Residence, Rural and Urban, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census

Country of Residence Total Rural Urban


Total 16,039 100.00 2,615 16.30 13,424 83.70

Angola 6 0.04 2 0.08 4 0.03

Botswana 10 0.06 0 0.00 10 0.07

Burundi 13 0.08 4 0.15 9 0.07

Comoro 115 0.72 10 0.38 105 0.78

Kenya 1,178 7.34 529 20.23 649 4.83

Lesotho 7 0.04 2 0.08 5 0.04

Malawi 32 0.20 13 0.50 19 0.14

Mauritius 11 0.07 4 0.15 7 0.05

Mozambique 437 2.72 230 8.80 207 1.54

Namibia 7 0.04 1 0.04 6 0.04

Rwanda 3 0.02 1 0.04 2 0.01

Seychelles 12 0.07 8 0.31 4 0.03

Somalia 31 0.19 9 0.34 22 0.16

Swaziland 123 0.77 3 0.11 120 0.89

South Africa 433 2.70 85 3.25 348 2.59

Uganda 227 1.42 19 0.73 208 1.55

Republic of Congo 62 0.39 8 0.31 54 0.40

Zimbabwe 32 0.20 6 0.23 26 0.19

Zambia 51 0.32 14 0.54 37 0.28

Other African Countries 250 1.56 45 1.72 205 1.53

China 240 1.50 21 0.80 219 1.63

India 318 1.98 59 2.26 259 1.93

Pakistan 84 0.52 11 0.42 73 0.54

Other Asian Countries 3,112 19.40 539 20.61 2,573 19.17

Italy 94 0.59 11 0.42 83 0.62

Nordic Countries 612 3.82 69 2.64 543 4.04

Great Britain 5,450 33.98 528 20.19 4,922 36.67

Germany 279 1.74 47 1.80 232 1.73

Other European Countries 862 5.37 118 4.51 744 5.54

Canada 886 5.52 101 3.86 785 5.85

USA 1,061 6.62 118 4.51 943 7.02

Not Reported 1 0.01 0 0.00 1 0.01


63

Table 8.4 shows the number and percentage distribution of Tanzanians living outside the country

by country of residence at the time of the 2012 Census. A total of 16,039 persons from Tanzania

Zanzibar were in diaspora. Many of them were living in Great Britain (34 percent), followed by

Kenya (7 percent) and USA (7 percent).

Table 8. 4: Number and Percentage of Tanzanians as Reported at Household Level Living Abroad

by Country of Residence and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Country of Residence Both Sexes Male Female


Total 16,039 100.00 9,260 57.73 6,779 42.27

Angola 6 0.04 4 0.02 2 0.01

Botswana 10 0.06 9 0.06 1 0.01

Burundi 13 0.08 9 0.06 4 0.02

Comoro 115 0.72 73 0.46 42 0.26

Kenya 1,178 7.34 682 4.25 496 3.09

Lesotho 7 0.04 7 0.04 0 0.00

Malawi 32 0.20 23 0.14 9 0.06

Mauritius 11 0.07 9 0.06 2 0.01

Mozambique 437 2.72 340 2.12 97 0.60

Namibia 7 0.04 4 0.02 3 0.02

Rwanda 3 0.02 1 0.01 2 0.01

Seychelles 12 0.07 6 0.04 6 0.04

Somalia 31 0.19 25 0.16 6 0.04

Swaziland 123 0.77 80 0.50 43 0.27

South Africa 433 2.70 336 2.09 97 0.60

Uganda 227 1.42 137 0.85 90 0.56

DRC 62 0.39 42 0.26 20 0.12

Zimbabwe 32 0.20 9 0.06 23 0.14

Zambia 51 0.32 35 0.22 16 0.10

Other African Countries 250 1.56 152 0.95 98 0.61

China 240 1.50 164 1.02 76 0.47

India 318 1.98 207 1.29 111 0.69

Pakistan 84 0.52 50 0.31 34 0.21

Other Asian Countries 3,112 19.40 1,577 9.83 1,535 9.57

Italy 94 0.59 63 0.39 31 0.19

Nordic Countries 612 3.82 342 2.13 270 1.68

Great Britain 5,450 33.98 3,090 19.27 2,360 14.71

Germany 279 1.74 177 1.10 102 0.64

Other European Countries 862 5.37 538 3.35 324 2.02

Canada 886 5.52 484 3.02 402 2.51

USA 1,061 6.62 584 3.64 477 2.97

Not Reported 1 0.01 1 0.01 0 0.00


64

Households were asked to state if they had received any remittances (in cash or in kind) from

family members living outside the country in the 12 months prior to the Census date. Table 8.5

shows that 33 percent of persons living outside the country sent assistance to the families in

Tanzania Zanzibar in the 12 months prior to the Census. Remitters were from Great Britain (12

percent) and USA (2 percent). More remittances were sent by males (58 percent) compared with

females (42 percent).

Table 8. 5: Percentage of Diaspora Remitting from Abroad by Sex and Country of Residence,

Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census.

Country of Residence Total

Diaspora

Both Sexes Male Female

Remitting Percentage Remitting Percentage Remitting Percentage

Total 16,039 5,225 32.6 9,260 57.73 6,779 42.27

Angola 6 2 0.0 4 0.02 2 0.01

Botswana 10 3 0.0 9 0.06 1 0.01

Burundi 13 4 0.0 9 0.06 4 0.02

Comoro 115 25 0.2 73 0.46 42 0.26

Kenya 1,178 226 1.4 682 4.25 496 3.09

Lesotho 7 2 0.0 7 0.04 0 -

Malawi 32 9 0.1 23 0.14 9 0.06

Mauritius 11 5 0.0 9 0.06 2 0.01

Mozambique 437 135 0.8 340 2.12 97 0.60

Namibia 7 1 0.0 4 0.02 3 0.02

Rwanda 3 0 - 1 0.01 2 0.01

Seychelles 12 2 0.0 6 0.04 6 0.04

Somalia 31 10 0.1 25 0.16 6 0.04

Swaziland 123 27 0.2 80 0.50 43 0.27

South Africa 433 140 0.9 336 2.09 97 0.60

Uganda 227 28 0.2 137 0.85 90 0.56

Republic of Congo 62 24 0.1 42 0.26 20 0.12

Zimbabwe 32 14 0.1 9 0.06 23 0.14

Zambia 51 16 0.1 35 0.22 16 0.10

Other African Countries 250 85 0.5 152 0.95 98 0.61

China 240 80 0.5 164 1.02 76 0.47

India 318 68 0.4 207 1.29 111 0.69

Pakistan 84 21 0.1 50 0.31 34 0.21

Other Asian Countries 3,112 987 6.2 1,577 9.83 1,535 9.57

Italy 94 46 0.3 63 0.39 31 0.19

Nordic Countries 612 221 1.4 342 2.13 270 1.68

Great Britain 5,450 1,973 12.3 3,090 19.27 2,360 14.71

Germany 279 107 0.7 177 1.10 102 0.64

Other European Countries 862 301 1.9 538 3.35 324 2.02

Canada 886 283 1.8 484 3.02 402 2.51

USA 1,061 379 2.4 584 3.64 477 2.97

Not Reported 1 1 0.0 1 0.01 0 -


65

Chapter Nine


9.1 Literacy

9.1.1 Introduction

Literacy is the ability to read and write with an understanding of a short simple sentence on

everyday life. It excludes the ability to only write or sign one‟s own name or write memorized

phrases. The ability to read and write may be in any language.

The 2012 PHC collected information on literacy from person aged four (4) years and above. They

were asked if they could read and write in; Kiswahili Only, English, Both Kiswahili and English or

in Any Other Language(s). No test was administered so as to verify those who were really literate.

The measure of literacy is obtained by calculating the literacy rate as the percentage of a specified

population, which is literate in specified language(s). In general terms, literacy rate in this

publication is defined as the percentage of a population that can read and write in Kiswahili,

English, Both Kiswahili and English or in Any Other Language(s).

9.1.2 Literacy Status in Tanzania Zanzibar

Table 9.1 shows the distribution of population aged five years and above in five-year age groups by

literacy and sex. The table reveals that, out of 1,082,608 persons aged five years and above,

866,040 (80 percent) were literate. The literacy rate was slightly higher among males (82 percent)

than female population (78 percent). Literacy rates were higher among persons of age 10 to 29

years ranging from 90 percent to 95, indicating a positive result of the recent primary education

campaigns.

Literacy rate in Urban Areas at 89 percent was significantly higher than in Rural Areas at 72

percent. Males were more literate than females in both Rural and Urban Areas as presented in

Tables 9.2, 9.3 and Figure 9.1.


66

Table 9. 1: Population Aged Five Years and Above by Five Year Age Groups, Sex and Literacy

Rate, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Age Group Population Literate Literacy Rates

Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Total 1,082,608 517,830 564,778 866,040 424,630 441,410 80.0 82.0 78.2

5-9 182,699 91,251 91,448 93,630 45,028 48,602 51.2 49.3 53.1

10-14 165,742 82,972 82,770 153,925 76,156 77,769 92.9 91.8 94.0

15 - 19 140,820 66,884 73,936 133,402 63,260 70,142 94.7 94.6 94.9

20 - 24 120,275 53,620 66,655 112,238 50,615 61,623 93.3 94.4 92.5

25 - 29 96,488 42,775 53,713 86,946 39,383 47,563 90.1 92.1 88.6

30 - 34 79,772 36,342 43,430 69,556 33,033 36,523 87.2 90.9 84.1

35 - 39 70,218 32,148 38,070 58,804 28,469 30,335 83.7 88.6 79.7

40 - 44 57,506 27,203 30,303 46,831 23,744 23,087 81.4 87.3 76.2

45 - 49 51,563 23,482 28,081 40,025 20,502 19,523 77.6 87.3 69.5

50 - 54 37,771 19,378 18,393 27,023 16,053 10,970 71.5 82.8 59.6

55 - 59 22,063 12,269 9,794 15,284 9,836 5,448 69.3 80.2 55.6

60 - 64 21,296 11,220 10,076 12,295 7,999 4,296 57.7 71.3 42.6

65 - 69 11,447 6,095 5,352 6,136 4,155 1,981 53.6 68.2 37.0

70 - 74 11,653 5,774 5,879 5,007 3,277 1,730 43.0 56.8 29.4

75 - 79 4,998 2,644 2,354 2,160 1,466 694 43.2 55.4 29.5

80+ 8,297 3,773 4,524 2,778 1,654 1,124 33.5 43.8 24.8

Table 9. 2: Population Aged Five Years and Above by Five Year Age Groups, Sex and Literacy,




Total 573,766 279,245 294,521 415,193 209,688 205,505 72.4 75.1 69.8

5-9 104,004 52,944 51,060 44,800 21,851 22,949 43.1 41.3 44.9

10-14 91,239 46,832 44,407 81,380 41,105 40,275 89.2 87.8 90.7

15 - 19 74,829 36,990 37,839 68,632 33,898 34,734 91.7 91.6 91.8

20 - 24 58,474 26,484 31,990 52,055 24,057 27,998 89.0 90.8 87.5

25 - 29 46,739 20,960 25,779 39,121 18,203 20,918 83.7 86.8 81.1

30 - 34 38,723 17,935 20,788 30,617 15,241 15,376 79.1 85.0 74.0

35 - 39 35,007 15,828 19,179 25,956 12,850 13,106 74.1 81.2 68.3

40 - 44 29,245 13,283 15,962 20,780 10,483 10,297 71.1 78.9 64.5

45 - 49 27,444 12,494 14,950 18,604 10,014 8,590 67.8 80.2 57.5

50 - 54 20,932 10,459 10,473 12,551 7,741 4,810 60.0 74.0 45.9

55 - 59 12,017 6,708 5,309 6,937 4,753 2,184 57.7 70.9 41.1

60 - 64 12,304 6,428 5,876 5,593 3,810 1,783 45.5 59.3 30.3

65 - 69 6,814 3,661 3,153 2,917 2,079 838 42.8 56.8 26.6

70 - 74 7,378 3,801 3,577 2,567 1,773 794 34.8 46.6 22.2

75 - 79 3,180 1,782 1,398 1,147 846 301 36.1 47.5 21.5

80+ 5,437 2,656 2,781 1,536 984 552 28.3 37.0 19.8


67

Table 9. 3: Population Aged Five Years and Above by Five Year Age Groups, Sex and Literacy,




Total 508,842 238,585 270,257 450,847 214,942 235,905 88.6 90.1 87.3

5-9 78,695 38,307 40,388 48,830 23,177 25,653 62.0 60.5 63.5

10-14 74,503 36,140 38,363 72,545 35,051 37,494 97.4 97.0 97.7

15 - 19 65,991 29,894 36,097 64,770 29,362 35,408 98.1 98.2 98.1

20 - 24 61,801 27,136 34,665 60,183 26,558 33,625 97.4 97.9 97.0

25 - 29 49,749 21,815 27,934 47,825 21,180 26,645 96.1 97.1 95.4

30 - 34 41,049 18,407 22,642 38,939 17,792 21,147 94.9 96.7 93.4

35 - 39 35,211 16,320 18,891 32,848 15,619 17,229 93.3 95.7 91.2

40 - 44 28,261 13,920 14,341 26,051 13,261 12,790 92.2 95.3 89.2

45 - 49 24,119 10,988 13,131 21,421 10,488 10,933 88.8 95.4 83.3

50 - 54 16,839 8,919 7,920 14,472 8,312 6,160 85.9 93.2 77.8

55 - 59 10,046 5,561 4,485 8,347 5,083 3,264 83.1 91.4 72.8

60 - 64 8,992 4,792 4,200 6,702 4,189 2,513 74.5 87.4 59.8

65 - 69 4,633 2,434 2,199 3,219 2,076 1,143 69.5 85.3 52.0

70 - 74 4,275 1,973 2,302 2,440 1,504 936 57.1 76.2 40.7

75 - 79 1,818 862 956 1,013 620 393 55.7 71.9 41.1

80+ 2,860 1,117 1,743 1,242 670 572 43.4 60.0 32.8

Figure 9. 1: Literacy Rates for Persons Aged Five Years and Above by Sex, Rural

and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census


68

9.1.3 Adult Literacy

Table 9.4 and Figure 9.2 present information on adult literacy (population of age 15 years and

above). The results show that, adult literacy stands at 84 percent and it was higher in Urban Areas

(93 percent) compared to Rural Areas (76 percent). Males were more literate than females in both

rural and Urban Areas. The results also reveal that, literacy rate decreases as the age increases.

Table 9. 4: Literacy Rates of Population Aged 15 Years and Above by Five Year Age Groups, Sex,

Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Age Group Total Rural Urban


Total 84.2 88.3 80.7 76.4 81.8 71.5 92.6 95.5 90.2

15 - 19 94.7 94.6 94.9 91.7 91.6 91.8 98.1 98.2 98.1

20 - 24 93.3 94.4 92.5 89.0 90.8 87.5 97.4 97.9 97.0

25 - 29 90.1 92.1 88.6 83.7 86.8 81.1 96.1 97.1 95.4

30 - 34 87.2 90.9 84.1 79.1 85.0 74.0 94.9 96.7 93.4

35 - 39 83.7 88.6 79.7 74.1 81.2 68.3 93.3 95.7 91.2

40 - 44 81.4 87.3 76.2 71.1 78.9 64.5 92.2 95.3 89.2

45 - 49 77.6 87.3 69.5 67.8 80.2 57.5 88.8 95.4 83.3

50 - 54 71.5 82.8 59.6 60.0 74.0 45.9 85.9 93.2 77.8

55 - 59 69.3 80.2 55.6 57.7 70.9 41.1 83.1 91.4 72.8

60 - 64 57.7 71.3 42.6 45.5 59.3 30.3 74.5 87.4 59.8

65 - 69 53.6 68.2 37.0 42.8 56.8 26.6 69.5 85.3 52.0

70 - 74 43.0 56.8 29.4 34.8 46.6 22.2 57.1 76.2 40.7

75 - 79 43.2 55.4 29.5 36.1 47.5 21.5 55.7 71.9 41.1

80+ 33.5 43.8 24.8 28.3 37.0 19.8 43.4 60.0 32.8


69

Figure 9. 2: Adult Literacy Rates by Sex, Rural and Urban Residence, Tanzania


Adult literacy rates differ across regions of Tanzania Zanzibar (Map 9.1). The highest literacy rate

was in Mjini Magharibi (93 percent) followed by Kusini Unguja (89 percent). Kaskazini Pemba

region had the lowest literacy rate (68 percent).


70

Map 9. 1: Literacy Rates for Persons Aged 15 Years and Above by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census


71

Comparison of adult literacy rates across regions between 2002 and 2012 Censuses shows

significant increases (Table 9.5). The highest percentage change was observed in Kaskazini Unguja

(41 percent), followed by Kaskazini Pemba (30 percent). Kusini Unguja had the lowest percentage

change (14 percent).

Table 9. 5: Comparison of Literacy Rates for Persons Aged 15 Years and Above by Region and Sex,


Region

Literate Rate Literate Rate Percentage Change

Census 2002 Census 2012

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Tanzania Zanzibar 71.1 78.6 64.4 84.2 88.3 80.7 18.5 12.4 25.3

Rural 60.3 69.4 52.1 72.4 75.1 69.1 20.1 8.2 32.6

Urban 85.8 91.3 80.9 88.6 90.1 87.3 3.3 -1.3 7.9

Kaskazini Unguja 56.6 66.2 48.2 79.7 84.2 75.5 40.8 27.2 56.7

Kusini Unguja 77.7 83.7 71.8 88.5 92.2 85.1 13.9 10.1 18.5

Mjini Magharibi 85.7 90.7 81.1 93.1 95.6 90.9 8.6 5.4 12.1

Kaskazini Pemba 52.2 62.8 43 67.6 74.6 61.6 29.6 18.7 43.2

Kusini Pemba 59.6 66.9 53.4 73.3 79.5 68.1 22.9 18.8 27.4

Between 2002 and 2012 Censuses literacy rate increased from 65 percent to 80 percent for persons

aged five (5) years and above and; from 71 percent to 84 percent for population persons aged 15

years and above (Figure 9.3). The same data revealed that, literacy rates among males and females

aged five (5) years and above have also increased from 69 percent to 82 percent for males and from

61 percent to 78 percent for females.


72

Figure 9. 3: Literacy Rates by Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses

9.1.4 Literacy in different Languages

Table 9.6 and Figure 9.4 present the percentage distribution of population aged five (5) years and

above by literacy status in different languages. Literacy was highest in both Kiswahili and English

(50 percent), followed by literacy in Kiswahili Only (29 percent) and was lowest for literacy in

Other Languages (0.2 percent). With the exception of age groups 5–9 and 10-14, illiteracy rates

increased with age.


73

Table 9. 6: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Literacy Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Age Group

Literacy Status

Total Literacy In

Kiswahili

Only English Only

Both English

and Kiswahili

Other

Language(s)

Total

Literate Illiterate

Total 29.2 0.4 50.2 0.2 80.0 20.0 1,082,608

5-9 45.5 0.1 5.6 0.1 51.2 48.8 182,699

10 – 14 51.2 0.3 41.3 0.0 92.9 7.1 165,742

15 – 19 22.0 0.6 72.1 0.1 94.7 5.3 140,820

20 – 24 17.2 0.6 75.4 0.1 93.3 6.7 120,275

25 – 29 18.7 0.5 70.7 0.2 90.1 9.9 96,488

30 – 34 19.7 0.5 66.9 0.2 87.2 12.8 79,772

35 – 39 21.5 0.4 61.6 0.2 83.7 16.3 70,218

40 – 44 21.6 0.4 59.2 0.2 81.4 18.6 57,506

45 – 49 21.6 0.4 55.3 0.3 77.6 22.4 51,563

50 – 54 20.3 0.3 50.7 0.3 71.5 28.5 37,771

55 – 59 21.6 0.3 47.0 0.4 69.3 30.7 22,063

60 – 64 21.2 0.3 35.8 0.5 57.7 42.3 21,296

65 – 69 21.4 0.3 31.3 0.7 53.6 46.4 11,447

70 – 74 20.0 0.2 22.0 0.8 43.0 57.0 11,653

75 – 79 21.2 0.3 20.7 1.1 43.2 56.8 4,998

80+ 18.5 0.2 13.6 1.2 33.5 66.5 8,297

Figure 9. 4: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and

Above by Literacy, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Table 9.7 presents information on literacy status by region, rural, urban and sex for population aged

five (5) years and above. Illiteracy levels differ across regions, the region with the highest illiteracy


74

rate was Kaskazini Pemba (35 percent), followed by Kusini Pemba (31 percent). On the other hand

the region with lowest illiteracy rates was Mjini Magharibi (11 percent).

Table 9. 7: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by Region, Sex,

Literacy Status, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region

Literacy Status

Total

Literacy In

Total

Literate Illiterate Kiswahili

Only

English

Only

Both English

and Kiswahili

Other

Language(s)

Tanzania Zanzibar 29.2 0.4 50.2 0.2 80.0 20.0 1,082,608

Male 30.3 0.4 51.1 0.2 82.0 18.0 517,830

Female 28.3 0.4 49.4 0.1 78.2 21.8 564,778

Rural 32.6 0.4 39.2 0.2 72.4 27.6 573,766

Urban 25.5 0.3 62.6 0.2 88.6 11.4 508,842

Kaskazini Unguja 32.2 0.6 43.7 0.1 76.6 23.4 153,290

Kusini Unguja 22.7 0.2 62.3 0.2 85.5 14.5 95,827

Mjini Magharibi 23.9 0.4 64.5 0.2 88.9 11.1 500,590

Kaskazini Pemba 41.8 0.5 22.1 0.2 64.6 35.4 172,735

Kusini Pemba 33.3 0.2 35.0 0.1 68.6 31.4 160,166


75

Figure 9. 5: Percentage Distribution of Rural Population Aged Five Years and

Above by Literacy, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Figure 9. 6: Percentage Distribution of Urban Population Aged Five Years

and Above by Literacy, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census


76

9.2 Education

9.2.1 Introduction

Education is one of the most important aspects of social and economic development. Education

improves capabilities and is highly associated with various socio-economic variables such as life-

styles, incomes and fertility for both individuals and societies.

During the 2012 PHC, all persons aged five (5) years and above who slept in the country during the

Census night were asked questions on education. The respondent was asked to state if he or she was

attending, dropped out, completed, or had never been to school. For those who had dropped out or

completed school a follow up question on highest level attained was asked.

9.2.2 School Attendance Status

School attendance refers to attendance at any regular authorized or licensed educational institution

or programme for organized learning at any level of education at the time of the Census. Informal

training in particular skills which is not part of the recognized educational structure, for instance

apprenticeship, was not considered to be school attendance.

Table 9.8 and Figure 9.7 show results on school attendance status of the population aged five (5)

years and above. The results show that, 18 percent of 1,082,608 million people had never been to

school. They also show that there was a significant difference between the sexes with more females

(19.8 percent) having never been to school compared with males (15.4 percent). Thirty percent of

population aged five (5) years and above had completed school at different levels of education

system, 36 percent were attending and 17 percent had dropped out.


77

Table 9. 8: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by School Attendance Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Age


Total Attending Drop

Out Completed Never Attended Total Attending

Drop

Out Completed Never Attended Total Attending

Drop

Out Completed Never Attended

Total 1,082,608 36.0 16.5 29.8 17.7 517,830 36.9 17.6 30.1 15.4 564,778 35.2 15.6 29.5 19.8

5 39,154 42.0 0.3 0.1 57.6 19,922 41.1 0.4 0.2 58.4 19,232 43.0 0.2 0.1 56.7

6 38,002 50.9 0.2 0.1 48.8 18,946 49.4 0.3 0.1 50.2 19,056 52.4 0.1 0.1 47.4

5-6 77,156 46.4 0.2 0.1 53.2 38,868 45.1 0.3 0.1 54.4 38,288 47.7 0.1 0.1 52.1

7 38,485 65.7 0.3 0.2 33.7 19,211 63.8 0.4 0.2 35.6 19,274 67.6 0.3 0.2 31.9

8 35,462 80.3 0.4 0.2 19.1 17,460 77.8 0.5 0.2 21.6 18,002 82.8 0.4 0.1 16.6

9 31,596 89.1 0.7 0.2 10.0 15,712 87.3 0.9 0.2 11.6 15,884 90.9 0.6 0.2 8.4

10 36,177 90.9 1.3 0.2 7.7 18,253 89.3 1.7 0.2 8.8 17,924 92.4 0.8 0.2 6.5

11 26,559 94.1 1.4 0.4 4.1 13,153 93.4 1.8 0.4 4.5 13,406 94.8 1.1 0.4 3.7

12 39,737 92.8 2.7 0.3 4.2 20,282 91.9 3.5 0.3 4.4 19,455 93.7 1.9 0.4 4.0

13 33,228 91.7 4.0 0.6 3.7 16,571 90.4 5.1 0.5 4.0 16,657 92.9 2.9 0.7 3.5

7-13 241,244 85.9 1.6 0.3 12.3 120,642 84.3 2.0 0.3 13.4 120,602 87.4 1.1 0.3 11.2

14 30,041 88.7 6.5 1.2 3.6 14,713 87.3 7.9 0.9 3.9 15,328 89.9 5.2 1.5 3.4

15 29,014 82.2 10.2 2.8 4.8 14,777 80.6 12.6 1.9 4.9 14,237 83.8 7.8 3.7 4.7

16 28,003 77.1 12.6 6.3 4.0 13,165 75.6 15.5 4.7 4.1 14,838 78.5 10.0 7.7 3.8

17 26,233 68.8 15.2 12.3 3.7 12,420 68.7 18.1 9.4 3.9 13,813 68.9 12.5 15.0 3.6

14 - 17 113,291 79.5 11.0 5.4 4.0 55,075 78.5 13.3 4.0 4.2 58,216 80.5 8.8 6.8 3.9

18 33,499 52.1 19.2 23.2 5.5 15,867 53.2 22.8 18.8 5.1 17,632 51.1 15.9 27.2 5.8

19 24,071 39.7 19.5 36.3 4.5 10,655 44.2 22.8 29.2 3.7 13,416 36.1 16.9 41.9 5.1

18 - 19 57,570 46.9 19.3 28.7 5.1 26,522 49.6 22.8 23.0 4.6 31,048 44.6 16.3 33.6 5.5

20 35,797 23.8 23.0 45.7 7.5 16,245 28.3 26.1 39.9 5.7 19,552 20.1 20.4 50.5 8.9

21 17,222 21.8 20.6 52.6 5.0 7,651 25.7 23.6 46.7 4.0 9,571 18.8 18.1 57.3 5.8

22 27,871 15.8 22.3 55.6 6.3 12,437 18.7 24.7 51.7 4.9 15,434 13.5 20.4 58.7 7.3

23 20,172 13.0 21.9 58.9 6.2 8,678 15.1 24.4 55.5 5.0 11,494 11.3 20.1 61.5 7.1

24 19,213 10.7 21.3 62.1 6.0 8,609 12.4 23.1 59.3 5.2 10,604 9.3 19.8 64.3 6.6

20 - 24 120,275 17.8 22.0 53.8 6.4 53,620 21.0 24.7 49.3 5.1 66,655 15.2 19.9 57.5 7.4

25+ 473,072 1.8 26.4 49.5 22.3 223,103 1.9 27.8 54.1 16.2 249,969 1.7 25.2 45.4 27.8


78

Figure 9. 7: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five years and Above by

School Attendance Status and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Tables 9.9, 9.10 and Figure 9.8 presents school attendance status by Rural and Urban Areas for

population aged five years and above. The results indicate that a quarter of the rural population (25

percent) had never been to school compared with 10 percent of urban population. Likewise,

percentage of drop-outs was higher in Rural (19 percent) than in Urban Areas (14 percent).

However, the proportion of those who completed school was significantly higher in Urban Areas

(39 percent) than in the Rural Areas (22 percent). The same situation was found for those who were

currently attending where 38 percent of the urban population was attending school compared to 34

percent in the Rural Areas.


79

Table 9. 9: Percentage Distribution of Rural Population Aged Five Years and Above by Sex and School Attendance Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Age



Out Completed

Never

Attended Total Attending

Drop

Out Completed

Never


Drop

Out Completed

Never

Attended

Total 573,766 34.1 19.1 22.0 24.7 279,245 35.2 20.5 22.5 21.8 294,521 33.1 17.8 21.6 27.5

5 22,604 34.1 0.4 0.1 65.4 11,680 33.2 0.6 0.1 66.1 10,924 35.1 0.2 0.1 64.6

6 21,587 41.4 0.3 0.1 58.2 10,947 39.5 0.4 0.1 60.1 10,640 43.5 0.1 0.0 56.3

5-6 44,191 37.7 0.3 0.1 61.9 22,627 36.3 0.5 0.1 63.2 21,564 39.2 0.2 0.1 60.5

7 21,853 57.0 0.5 0.1 42.3 11,061 54.9 0.5 0.2 44.3 10,792 59.2 0.4 0.1 40.3

8 20,139 73.2 0.6 0.1 26.1 10,154 70.2 0.6 0.1 29.1 9,985 76.2 0.6 0.1 23.2

9 17,821 84.4 0.9 0.2 14.5 9,102 82.4 1.1 0.1 16.4 8,719 86.6 0.8 0.2 12.5

10 20,978 86.7 1.6 0.2 11.5 10,760 84.7 2.2 0.2 13.0 10,218 88.9 1.0 0.2 9.9

11 14,065 91.4 1.9 0.2 6.5 7,173 90.6 2.2 0.2 6.9 6,892 92.1 1.6 0.3 6.0

12 21,938 89.5 3.6 0.3 6.7 11,477 88.3 4.5 0.2 7.0 10,461 90.8 2.5 0.3 6.4

13 18,027 88.5 5.3 0.4 5.8 9,229 86.9 6.5 0.4 6.2 8,798 90.2 4.0 0.5 5.4

7-13 134,821 80.8 2.0 0.2 17.0 68,956 79.0 2.5 0.2 18.3 65,865 82.6 1.5 0.2 15.7

14 16,231 85.3 8.2 0.8 5.7 8,193 83.3 10.0 0.6 6.1 8,038 87.4 6.3 0.9 5.3

15 16,125 77.7 12.9 1.9 7.5 8,452 75.0 15.8 1.6 7.6 7,673 80.6 9.8 2.2 7.5

16 14,921 73.8 15.6 4.5 6.2 7,296 71.0 19.1 3.6 6.3 7,625 76.4 12.2 5.3 6.1

17 13,493 65.3 18.9 9.8 6.0 6,734 64.3 22.1 7.6 6.0 6,759 66.3 15.6 12.1 6.0

14 - 17 60,770 76.0 13.6 4.0 6.4 30,675 73.9 16.4 3.1 6.5 30,095 78.2 10.8 4.8 6.2

18 18,031 48.7 22.9 19.9 8.5 8,873 49.8 26.7 15.6 7.9 9,158 47.6 19.3 24.0 9.1

19 12,259 36.3 24.5 32.0 7.2 5,635 41.7 27.8 24.6 5.9 6,624 31.8 21.7 38.3 8.3

18 - 19 30,290 43.7 23.6 24.8 8.0 14,508 46.6 27.1 19.1 7.1 15,782 40.9 20.3 30.0 8.8

20 18,771 20.1 27.8 40.5 11.6 8,504 25.1 31.1 34.6 9.1 10,267 15.9 25.1 45.4 13.6

21 8,120 16.9 26.8 48.1 8.2 3,778 21.6 29.6 42.2 6.5 4,342 12.7 24.3 53.2 9.7

22 13,340 11.4 28.3 49.6 10.7 6,002 14.7 31.2 45.9 8.2 7,338 8.6 26.0 52.6 12.8

23 9,420 8.8 28.1 52.8 10.2 4,156 11.4 30.9 49.4 8.3 5,264 6.7 25.9 55.6 11.8

24 8,823 6.9 27.6 55.1 10.4 4,044 8.4 29.6 52.9 9.1 4,779 5.6 25.9 57.0 11.6

20 - 24 58,474 13.8 27.8 47.8 10.5 26,484 17.6 30.7 43.4 8.4 31,990 10.7 25.4 51.5 12.3

25+ 245,220 1.1 30.6 36.0 32.3 115,995 1.2 33.1 40.9 24.7 129,225 1.0 28.4 31.5 39.0


80

Table 9. 10: Percentage Distribution of Urban Population Aged Five Years and Above by Sex and School attendance Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census

Age



Out Completed

Never


Drop

Out Completed

Never


Drop

Out Completed

Never

Attended

Total 508,842 38.1 13.6 38.5 9.7 238,585 39.0 14.2 38.9 7.9 270,257 37.4 13.2 38.1 11.4

5 16,550 52.8 0.1 0.2 46.9 8,242 52.2 0.1 0.3 47.4 8,308 53.3 0.1 0.2 46.4

6 16,415 63.4 0.1 0.1 36.4 7,999 63.0 0.2 0.1 36.7 8,416 63.7 0.0 0.2 36.0

5-6 32,965 58.1 0.1 0.2 41.7 16,241 57.5 0.1 0.2 42.2 16,724 58.6 0.1 0.2 41.2

7 16,632 77.2 0.1 0.2 22.4 8,150 75.9 0.1 0.2 23.7 8,482 78.4 0.1 0.2 21.2

8 15,323 89.7 0.3 0.2 9.8 7,306 88.2 0.3 0.2 11.3 8,017 91.1 0.3 0.2 8.5

9 13,775 95.2 0.5 0.2 4.1 6,610 94.2 0.6 0.3 4.9 7,165 96.1 0.3 0.2 3.3

10 15,199 96.6 0.8 0.2 2.4 7,493 96.0 1.1 0.2 2.8 7,706 97.1 0.5 0.3 2.0

11 12,494 97.1 0.9 0.5 1.4 5,980 96.7 1.2 0.5 1.6 6,514 97.6 0.6 0.5 1.3

12 17,799 96.9 1.6 0.4 1.1 8,805 96.5 2.1 0.4 1.0 8,994 97.2 1.2 0.5 1.2

13 15,201 95.4 2.6 0.8 1.2 7,342 94.8 3.4 0.6 1.1 7,859 96.0 1.7 0.9 1.4

7-13 106,423 92.3 1.0 0.4 6.3 51,686 91.5 1.3 0.4 6.9 54,737 93.1 0.7 0.4 5.8

14 13,810 92.5 4.5 1.7 1.2 6,520 92.5 5.3 1.2 1.1 7,290 92.6 3.9 2.2 1.3

15 12,889 87.9 6.8 3.9 1.4 6,325 88.1 8.2 2.3 1.4 6,564 87.7 5.5 5.4 1.4

16 13,082 81.0 9.2 8.4 1.4 5,869 81.4 11.1 6.1 1.4 7,213 80.6 7.7 10.3 1.4

17 12,740 72.4 11.2 15.0 1.4 5,686 73.8 13.3 11.5 1.4 7,054 71.3 9.5 17.8 1.3

14 - 17 52,521 83.6 7.9 7.1 1.3 24,400 84.3 9.3 5.0 1.3 28,121 83.0 6.7 8.9 1.3

18 15,468 56.1 14.8 27.2 1.9 6,994 57.6 17.9 22.9 1.6 8,474 54.9 12.2 30.7 2.1

19 11,812 43.2 14.4 40.7 1.7 5,020 47.1 17.2 34.4 1.3 6,792 40.3 12.3 45.4 2.0

18 - 19 27,280 50.5 14.6 33.0 1.8 12,014 53.2 17.6 27.7 1.5 15,266 48.4 12.2 37.3 2.1

20 17,026 28.0 17.8 51.4 2.9 7,741 31.7 20.7 45.7 2.0 9,285 24.8 15.3 56.1 3.7

21 9,102 26.3 15.0 56.6 2.1 3,873 29.6 17.8 51.1 1.5 5,229 23.8 12.9 60.7 2.5

22 14,531 19.9 16.7 61.1 2.2 6,435 22.4 18.5 57.2 1.9 8,096 18.0 15.3 64.3 2.4

23 10,752 16.6 16.5 64.2 2.6 4,522 18.6 18.3 61.1 2.0 6,230 15.2 15.2 66.5 3.0

24 10,390 13.9 15.9 68.0 2.2 4,565 15.9 17.3 65.0 1.8 5,825 12.4 14.8 70.4 2.5

20 - 24 61,801 21.5 16.6 59.5 2.4 27,136 24.3 18.8 55.0 1.9 34,665 19.3 14.9 63.0 2.9

25+ 227,852 2.4 21.9 64.0 11.6 107,108 2.6 22.1 68.4 6.9 120,744 2.3 21.8 60.2 15.7


81

Figure 9. 8: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by

School Attendance Status, Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census

9.2.3 Net and Gross School Enrolment

Enrolment ratios depict the proportions of children currently attending school which is important

in assessing access to education in a population. Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) is defined as the

number of children of age 7-13 years who are attending school divided by the total number of

children in that age group. The 7-13 year age group is the official primary school age in Tanzania.

On the other hand, Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) is defined as the number of children attending

primary school regardless of age divided by the total number of children of age 7-13 years.

Figures 9.9 and 9.10 present Primary Schools‟ net enrolment ratio by sex, Rural and Urban Areas

for 2002 and 2012 Censuses. Results show an improvement in Net Enrolment Ratio from 2002

Census. The NER increased from 71 percent in 2002 to 86 percent in 2012 Census with

improvement being more pronounced among females (from 73 percent to 87) compared with males

(from 70 percent to 84). The urban NER increased from 83 percent in 2002 to 92 percent in 2012

while the rural NER increased from 65 percent to 81 respectively.


82

Figure 9. 9: Primary Schools Net Enrolment Ratio by Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002

and 2012 Censuses

Figure 9. 10: Primary Schools Net Enrolment Ratio by Rural and Urban

Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses


83

Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for primary schools is shown in Figure 9.11. The results reveal that,

105 percent of the school age children were enrolled in schools (irrespective of the age of the

enrolled child), the Gross Enrolment Ratio was higher in Urban Areas (110 percent) compared to

Rural Areas (102 percent). There were slight differences in gross enrolment between sexes in both


Figure 9. 11: Primary Schools’ Gross Enrolment Ratio by Rural, Urban and Sex,



84

Table 9.11 and Map 9.2 present net school enrolment for children of age 7-13 years by Rural and

Urban Areas. The results reveal that NER was higher in Urban (92 percent) compared with Rural

Areas (81 percent). Furthermore, there are marked differences across regions. Kusini Unguja had

highest NER (93 percent), followed by Mjini Magharibi (92 percent), Kaskazini Unguja (86

percent), Kaskazini Pemba region reported the lowest NER of 76 percent.

Table 9. 11: Net Enrolment Ratios in Primary Schools by Region, Rural, Urban and Sex, Tanzania


Region

Total Rural Urban

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female

Both

Sexes Male Female



Kusini Unguja 92.5 91.2 93.8 92.2 91.0 93.6 95.7 94.4 97.1

Mjini Magharibi 91.9 91.1 92.6 89.4 88.7 90.1 92.3 91.6 93.1

Kaskazini Pemba 75.8 73.8 77.9 72.3 70.4 74.4 91.7 90.5 92.8

Kusini Pemba 78.0 75.9 80.3 74.7 72.5 77.1 91.7 90.8 92.6


85

Map 9. 2: Net Enrolment Ratio of Primary School of Age Population (7 - 13 Years) by

Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census


86

9.2.4 Education Attainment

Educational attainment is the highest grade completed within the country‟s educational system. A

grade is a stage of instruction usually covered in the course of a school year. Table 9.12 shows the

number of persons who attained different levels of education. The table indicates that, out of

322,322 persons who attained any level of education 155,727 (48.3 percent) were males and

166,595 (51.7 percent) were females. Secondary education was the most dominant level with 79

percent of the share followed by Primary education (15 percent), University and others was only

attained by four (4) percent. The results also show that more females had attained secondary

education (81 percent) compared with males (78 percent). However, at University level or

equivalent, the percentage of males was higher (5 percent) than that of females (3 percent).

Table 9. 12: Distribution of Population Aged Five Years and Above by Level of Educational

Attainment and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Education Attainment Population Percentage

Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Male Female

Total 322,322 155,727 166,595 100.0 100.0 100.0

Primary School 48,113 24,236 23,877 14.9 15.6 14.3

Training after Primary 1,464 754 710 0.5 0.5 0.4

Secondary School 255,716 120,869 134,847 79.3 77.6 80.9

Training after Secondary 4,034 2,127 1,907 1.3 1.4 1.1

University and Others 12,995 7,741 5,254 4.0 5.0 3.2

The improvement in the education attainment levels was observed from 2002 to 2012 Censuses.

Figure 9.12 shows the proportion of population that had attained university or equivalent level

increased from one (1) percent to four (4) percent. The remarkable increase in the percentage of

population in University or equivalent level is attributed to the establishment of new Universities in

Zanzibar.


87

Figure 9. 12:Population Aged Five Years and Above by Level of Educational

Attainment, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses


88

Chapter Ten

Economic Activity

10. 1 Introduction

The importance of statistical data on economic activities of the population becomes clear when

addressing, among other things, the labour market in the country. For the purposes of economic

planning, it is important to ascertain the size and structure of the labour force and its distribution by

main occupation, industry and employment status. Such information is used by Government and

other stakeholders to plan and implement appropriate programs addressing labour force

participation.

The 2012 PHC collected information on both usual and current economic activities. The economic

activity questions were directed to all persons of aged 10 years and above from all private

households.

In the 2012 PHC, six categories were applied to classify working age groups, five among them

describing the unemployment status and distinguishing unemployment and economically inactive

status. The categories are:-.

a) Working

b) Not Working but Looking for Work

c) Not Looking but Available for Work

d) Home Maintenance (cooking or hygiene or caring)

e) Full Time Student

f) Unable to Work (sick/too old/disability)2.

10.2 Usual Economic Activity

In the 2012 PHC usual economic activity is defined as the production of goods and services in

which the respondent had been engaged during the 12 months prior to the Census date.

2 Note: Readers should not confuse the unemployed persons stated in this chapter and unemployment rate. For the

purpose of this report, unemployed persons are simply expressed in terms of the total population which is in

contrast with unemployment rate which is normally expressed in terms of the labour force

Unemployed persons

Economically inactive


89

Table 10.1 shows the percent distribution of total population aged 10 years and above by usual

economic activity and five year age groups. The results show that, in Tanzania Zanzibar 43 percent

of persons aged 10 years and above were employed in the 12 months prior to Census date.

Furthermore results indicate that six (6) percent of the population aged 10 years and above were

unemployed, 28 percent were full time students, 19 percent home maintenance workers and those

unable to work were four percent.

Table 10. 1: Percentage Distribution of Total Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Type of Usual Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Age group Total Employed Unemployed Home Maintenance

(cooking/hygiene/caring)

Full-time

Students Unable

Total 899,909 43.1 6.4 18.9 28.2 3.5

10 - 14 165,742 2.5 1.0 7.9 86.1 2.5

15 - 19 140,820 13.3 6.4 15.2 62.3 2.7

20 - 24 120,275 36.2 15.4 28.0 19.5 1.0

25 - 29 96,488 55.7 15.5 27.9 - 0.9

30 - 34 79,772 68.0 6.6 24.6 - 0.7

35 - 39 70,218 72.6 4.0 22.7 - 0.8

40 - 44 57,506 75.4 3.1 20.6 - 0.9

45 - 49 51,563 76.3 2.2 19.2 - 2.3

50 - 54 37,771 78.6 2.0 16.5 - 2.8

55 - 59 22,063 77.4 2.2 15.6 - 4.8

60 - 64 21,296 68.1 2.1 17.1 - 12.7

65 - 69 11,447 62.0 2.0 15.9 - 20.1

70 - 74 11,653 52.9 1.3 14.9 - 30.8

75 - 79 4,998 49.3 1.0 13.1 - 36.6

80 + 8,297 31.5 0.0 - - 68.5

Tables 10.2 and 10.3 present the information on the distribution of persons aged 10 years and above

by five year age groups, usual economic activity and geographical area. The results revealed a

higher proportion of persons living in Rural Areas (48 percent) were employed compared with

persons living in Urban Areas (38 percent). On the other hand, the proportion of unemployed

persons was higher in Urban Areas (9 percent) than in Rural Areas (4 percent).


90


Groups and Type of Usual Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census



Full-time

Students Unable

Total 469,762 48.0 4.2 18.0 26.1 3.8

10 - 14 91,239 3.8 1.4 11.7 79.7 3.5

15 - 19 74,829 18.0 5.4 17.7 55.8 3.0

20 - 24 58,474 45.1 11.0 28.9 13.8 1.2

25 - 29 46,739 63.3 9.2 26.5 - 1.0

30 - 34 38,723 73.7 3.7 21.8 - 0.8

35 - 39 35,007 77.8 2.1 19.3 - 0.8

40 - 44 29,245 81.0 1.4 16.6 - 0.9

45 - 49 27,444 82.7 1.4 14.0 - 2.0

50 - 54 20,932 83.6 1.3 12.4 - 2.7

55 - 59 12,017 83.0 1.6 11.6 - 3.8

60 - 64 12,304 75.7 1.2 12.6 - 10.4

65 - 69 6,814 72.2 1.3 10.7 - 15.7

70 - 74 7,378 61.1 1.0 10.8 - 27.1

75 - 79 3,180 59.2 0.9 10.1 - 29.9

80 + 5,437 38.7 - - - 61.3

Table 10.3: Percentage Distribution of Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Type of Usual Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census



Full-time

Students Unable

Total 430,147 37.8 8.7 19.9 30.6 3.1

10 - 14 74,503 0.9 0.4 3.3 94.1 1.3

15 - 19 65,991 8.0 7.5 12.4 69.7 2.4

20 - 24 61,801 27.8 19.6 27.1 24.8 0.7

25 - 29 49,749 48.6 21.5 29.2 - 0.7

30 - 34 41,049 62.7 9.4 27.3 - 0.6

35 - 39 35,211 67.3 5.8 26.2 - 0.7

40 - 44 28,261 69.7 4.8 24.6 - 0.9

45 - 49 24,119 69.1 3.2 25.0 - 2.7

50 - 54 16,839 72.4 2.9 21.6 - 3.1

55 - 59 10,046 70.6 3.0 20.3 - 6.1

60 - 64 8,992 57.7 3.4 23.1 - 15.8

65 - 69 4,633 46.9 3.1 23.5 - 26.4

70 - 74 4,275 38.8 1.9 22.2 - 37.2

75 - 79 1,818 32.1 1.3 18.4 - 48.2

80 + 2,860 17.8 0.1 - - 82.1

Tables 10.4 and 10.5 show gender disparity among the employed persons. The results indicated

that, employment rate was higher among males (55 percent) than females (32 percent).


91


Groups and Type of Usual Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Males, 2012 Census



Full-time

Students Unable

Total 426,579 55.3 8.3 3.6 29.3 3.4

10 - 14 82,972 3.3 1.5 6.5 85.4 3.2

15 - 19 66,884 17.7 9.5 5.9 63.0 3.9

20 - 24 53,620 49.4 21.9 4.8 22.7 1.2

25 - 29 42,775 76.3 20.2 2.5 - 1.1

30 - 34 36,342 89.5 8.1 1.5 - 0.9

35 - 39 32,148 93.2 4.8 1.2 - 0.8

40 - 44 27,203 94.2 3.8 1.2 - 0.8

45 - 49 23,482 95.3 2.7 0.9 - 1.1

50 - 54 19,378 94.2 2.6 1.2 - 2.0

55 - 59 12,269 92.4 2.7 1.1 - 3.8

60 - 64 11,220 85.8 3.0 2.0 - 9.2

65 - 69 6,095 77.3 3.3 2.8 - 16.6

70 - 74 5,774 72.7 1.8 2.6 - 22.9

75 - 79 2,644 65.6 1.3 3.9 - 29.2

80 + 3,773 47.1 0.1 - - 52.8


Groups and Type of Usual Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Females, 2012 Census



Full-time

Students Unable

Total 473,330 32.1 4.6 32.6 27.2 3.5

10 - 14 82,770 1.7 0.4 9.3 86.9 1.8

15 - 19 73,936 9.4 3.6 23.6 61.7 1.7

20 - 24 66,655 25.6 10.2 46.6 16.9 0.8

25 - 29 53,713 39.4 11.8 48.1 - 0.7

30 - 34 43,430 50.1 5.4 44.0 - 0.6

35 - 39 38,070 55.1 3.3 40.9 - 0.7

40 - 44 30,303 58.6 2.4 38.0 - 1.0

45 - 49 28,081 60.5 1.8 34.4 - 3.3

50 - 54 18,393 62.1 1.4 32.7 - 3.8

55 - 59 9,794 58.6 1.7 33.7 - 6.1

60 - 64 10,076 48.5 1.1 33.8 - 16.5

65 - 69 5,352 44.6 0.6 30.8 - 24.0

70 - 74 5,879 33.4 0.9 27.0 - 38.6

75 - 79 2,354 31.0 0.6 23.6 - 44.8

80 + 4,524 18.5 - - - 81.5

Table 10.6 shows there were regional variations for employed persons aged 10 years and above in

Tanzania Zanzibar. Moreover, results revealed low variation on the proportion of employed persons

across regions ranging from Mjini Magharibi (39 percent) to Kusini Unguja (57 percent).


92

Unemployment also shows some regional disparity. The unemployed persons ranged from four (4)

percent of the population in Kusini Unguja region, Kaskazini Pemba and Kusini Pemba to nine (9)

percent in Mjini Magharibi while Home Maintenance category (cooking or hygiene or caring)

ranged from 11 percent in Kusini Unguja region to 21 percent in Kusini Pemba and Kaskazini

Pemba. The proportion of persons who were unable to work ranged from two (2) percent in Kusini

Unguja region to five (5) percent in Kaskazini Pemba and Kusini Pemba. Regional variation

percentage for Full Time Students category was low and it ranged between 25 percent in Kusini

Unguja region to 30 percent in Mjini Magharibi.


93

Table 10.6: Distribution of Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Type of Usual Economic

Activity (Last 12 Months) by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total Employed Unemployed Home Maintenance


Full-time

Students Unable

Tanzania Zanzibar 899,909 43.1 6.4 18.9 28.2 3.5

Rural 469,762 48.0 4.2 18.0 26.1 3.8

Urban 430,147 37.8 8.7 19.9 30.6 3.1

Male 426,579 55.3 8.3 3.6 29.3 3.4

Female 473,330 32.1 4.6 32.6 27.2 3.5

Kaskazini Unguja 127,485 47.4 5.3 15.7 28.4 3.1

Kusini Unguja 81,628 57.4 3.5 11.3 25.4 2.4

Mjini Magharibi 423,073 38.6 8.7 19.8 30.0 3.0

Kaskazini Pemba 138,958 43.2 4.2 21.2 26.5 4.9

Kusini Pemba 128,765 44.5 3.9 21.4 25.8 4.5

10.3 Current Economic Activity

Current economic activity is defined as the activities performed by the respondent in the production

of goods and services seven days prior to the Census night.

Table 10.7 presents information on the distribution of current economic activity of persons aged 10

years and above. Out of 899,909 persons aged 10 years and above, 42 percent were employed

while the remaining 58 percent did not perform any economic activity within seven days prior to

the Census night.

Furthermore, the results show that full-time students constituted 27 percent of the population, while

21 percent were home maintenance workers and four (4) percent were unable to work. However,

the unemployed persons (those who were not working but looking for work and those who were not

looking for work but available for work) accounted for seven (7) percent of all persons aged 10

years and above.


94


Groups and Type of Current Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census



Full-time

Students Unable

Total 899,909 42.1 6.6 20.7 26.9 3.6

10 - 14 165,742 2.3 1.1 11.7 82.2 2.7

15 - 19 140,820 12.9 6.6 18.3 59.4 2.8

20 - 24 120,275 35.3 15.7 29.4 18.6 1.0

25 - 29 96,488 54.7 15.7 28.7 - 0.9

30 - 34 79,772 66.6 6.9 25.7 - 0.8

35 - 39 70,218 71.0 4.3 23.9 - 0.8

40 - 44 57,506 74.2 3.6 21.3 - 0.9

45 - 49 51,563 74.8 2.7 20.1 - 2.3

50 - 54 37,771 77.0 2.5 17.6 - 3.0

55 - 59 22,063 75.5 2.7 16.8 - 5.1

60 - 64 21,296 66.7 2.5 17.8 - 13.0

65 - 69 11,447 60.2 2.5 17.0 - 20.4

70 - 74 11,653 50.6 1.8 15.9 - 31.7

75 - 79 4,998 48.3 1.3 13.7 - 36.7

80 + 8,297 30.5 0.0 - - 69.5

Tables 10.8 and 10.9 show the distribution of population aged 10 years and above by five year age

groups, current activity, Rural and Urban Areas. The results indicate that the proportion of

population that was employed was higher in Rural Areas (47 percent) compared with 37 percent in

Urban Areas. The percentage of unemployed population was higher in Urban Areas (9 percent)

than in Rural Areas (5 percent). Moreover, the proportion of rural population employed increases

from 62 percent among 25-29 to 81 percent among 55-59 age groups. In the Urban Areas the

proportion employed increases from 62 percent among 30-34 age group to 69 percent among 55-59

age group.


95


Groups and Type of Current Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census



Full-time

Students Unable

Total 469,762 46.6 4.6 20.4 24.4 3.9

10 - 14 91,239 3.5 1.5 16.5 74.7 3.8

15 - 19 74,829 17.3 5.8 21.6 52.1 3.2

20 - 24 58,474 43.8 11.4 30.6 12.9 1.3

25 - 29 46,739 61.7 9.5 27.8 - 1.1

30 - 34 38,723 71.6 4.3 23.2 - 0.9

35 - 39 35,007 75.7 2.5 20.9 - 0.8

40 - 44 29,245 79.4 2.0 17.6 - 1.0

45 - 49 27,444 80.9 1.9 15.3 - 1.9

50 - 54 20,932 81.6 1.6 14.0 - 2.8

55 - 59 12,017 81.0 2.2 12.8 - 4.1

60 - 64 12,304 74.0 1.7 13.6 - 10.7

65 - 69 6,814 69.9 1.7 12.0 - 16.4

70 - 74 7,378 58.4 1.7 12.0 - 27.9

75 - 79 3,180 58.2 1.0 10.9 - 29.9

80 + 5,437 37.4 - - - 62.6


Groups and Type of Current Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census



Full-time

Students Unable

Total 430,147 37.2 8.9 21.1 29.6 3.2

10 - 14 74,503 0.8 0.5 5.8 91.4 1.4

15 - 19 65,991 7.9 7.5 14.6 67.6 2.5

20 - 24 61,801 27.2 19.8 28.2 24.0 0.8

25 - 29 49,749 48.1 21.6 29.6 - 0.7

30 - 34 41,049 61.8 9.4 28.1 - 0.6

35 - 39 35,211 66.4 6.1 26.8 - 0.7

40 - 44 28,261 68.9 5.1 25.1 - 0.9

45 - 49 24,119 68.0 3.7 25.6 - 2.7

50 - 54 16,839 71.2 3.6 22.1 - 3.2

55 - 59 10,046 68.9 3.3 21.5 - 6.3

60 - 64 8,992 56.7 3.5 23.6 - 16.1

65 - 69 4,633 45.9 3.5 24.4 - 26.2

70 - 74 4,275 37.1 2.0 22.6 - 38.2

75 - 79 1,818 31.1 1.7 18.6 - 48.7

80 + 2,860 17.2 0.1 - - 82.6

Tables 10.10 and 10.11 reveal that employment is higher among males (55 percent) than females

(31 percent). Likewise, unemployment was relatively higher among males (9 percent) compared

with females (5 percent).


96

Table 10.10: Percentage Distribution of Male Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Type of Current Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census



Full-time

Students Unable

Total 426,579 54.7 8.7 4.8 28.2 3.5

10 - 14 82,972 3.1 1.6 9.6 82.2 3.5

15 - 19 66,884 17.4 9.9 8.3 60.4 4.1

20 - 24 53,620 48.9 22.6 5.5 21.7 1.3

25 - 29 42,775 75.8 20.4 2.7 - 1.1

30 - 34 36,342 88.8 8.5 1.8 - 0.9

35 - 39 32,148 92.8 5.1 1.3 - 0.8

40 - 44 27,203 93.4 4.4 1.3 - 0.8

45 - 49 23,482 94.4 3.3 1.2 - 1.1

50 - 54 19,378 93.5 3.0 1.4 - 2.1

55 - 59 12,269 90.9 3.5 1.5 - 4.1

60 - 64 11,220 84.6 3.4 2.3 - 9.6

65 - 69 6,095 75.9 3.7 3.0 - 17.4

70 - 74 5,774 70.5 2.6 3.2 - 23.6

75 - 79 2,644 64.9 1.5 3.6 - 30.0

80 + 3,773 45.7 0.1 - - 54.1


97

Table 10.11: Percentage Distribution of Female Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year

Age Groups and Type of Current Activity, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census



Full-time

Students Unable

Total 473,330 30.8 4.8 35.1 25.8 3.6

10 - 14 82,770 1.5 0.5 13.8 82.3 1.9

15 - 19 73,936 8.9 3.7 27.4 58.4 1.7

20 - 24 66,655 24.3 10.2 48.6 16.1 0.8

25 - 29 53,713 37.8 12.0 49.5 - 0.7

30 - 34 43,430 48.0 5.6 45.7 - 0.7

35 - 39 38,070 52.7 3.6 42.9 - 0.7

40 - 44 30,303 57.0 2.8 39.2 - 1.0

45 - 49 28,081 58.5 2.3 35.9 - 3.3

50 - 54 18,393 59.5 1.9 34.7 - 3.9

55 - 59 9,794 56.2 1.7 35.9 - 6.2

60 - 64 10,076 46.7 1.4 35.1 - 16.7

65 - 69 5,352 42.2 1.0 33.0 - 23.7

70 - 74 5,879 30.9 1.1 28.3 - 39.7

75 - 79 2,354 29.7 1.0 25.1 - 44.3

80 + 4,524 17.7 - - - 82.3

Table 10.12 shows that there are noticeable regional variations for current economic activities for

employed persons aged 10 years and above in Tanzania Zanzibar. Results revealed that the

proportion of employed persons was higher in Kusini Unguja (56 percent) than in Mjini Magharibi

(38 percent), Kaskazini Pemba (42 percent) and Kusini Pemba (43 percent)

The percentage of unemployed population ranged from 3.9 percent in Kusini Unguja region to nine

(9) percent in Mjini Magharibi. Full time students ranged from 23 percent in Kusini Pemba to 30

percent in Mjini Magharibi. The Home maintenance category (cooking or hygiene or caring)

ranged from 13 percent in Kusini Unguja region to 25.3 percent in Kaskazini Pemba. The

proportion of persons who were unable to work also ranged from three (3) percent in Kusini

Unguja region to five (5) percent in Kaskazini Pemba.


98

Table 10.12: Distribution of Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Type of Current Economic

Activity (Last 7 Days) by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total Employed Unemployed Home Maintenance


Full-time

Students Unable

Tanzania Zanzibar 899,909 42.1 6.6 20.7 26.9 3.6

Rural 469,762 46.6 4.6 20.4 24.4 3.9

Urban 430,147 37.2 8.9 21.1 29.6 3.2

Male 426,579 54.7 8.7 4.8 28.2 3.5

Female 473,330 30.8 4.8 35.1 25.8 3.6

Kaskazini Unguja 127,485 46.7 5.6 16.8 27.7 3.1

Kusini Unguja 81,628 56.2 3.9 12.7 24.6 2.6

Mjini Magharibi 423,073 37.9 8.9 20.7 29.5 3.0

Kaskazini Pemba 138,958 41.8 4.4 25.3 23.4 5.1

Kusini Pemba 128,765 42.9 4.3 25.0 23.1 4.7

10.4 Employment Status

Information on employment status was also collected for all persons aged 10 years and above. The

2012 PHC used six categories mutually exclusive to describe employment status of population

namely; employer, employee, own agriculture worker, own non-agriculture worker, contributing

family worker and apprentice.

The information on employment status is presented in Table 10.13. The results show that 37

percent of the population was engaged in Own Non–Agriculture activities and 34 percent in Own

Agriculture in Tanzania Zanzibar. Employed population was 26 percent while apprentices

constituted 0.2 percent.


99

Table 10.13: Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Employment Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Age group Total Employer Employee Own Non -

Agriculture

Own

Agriculture

Family

Worker Apprentices Other

Total 379,129 0.4 25.5 37.4 34.3 2.0 0.2 0.1

10 - 14 3,798 0.2 5.9 21.1 16.6 55.3 0.2 0.6

15 - 19 18,194 0.3 12.4 43.2 37.7 5.5 0.7 0.3

20 - 24 42,429 0.4 20.0 44.4 32.0 2.4 0.8 0.1

25 - 29 52,769 0.3 29.4 41.1 27.3 1.6 0.2 0.1

30 - 34 53,123 0.5 33.8 38.8 25.8 1.0 0.1 0.1

35 - 39 49,888 0.5 29.1 39.7 29.3 1.2 0.1 0.1

40 - 44 42,682 0.4 26.5 38.7 33.2 1.0 0.0 0.0

45 - 49 38,590 0.6 27.1 32.9 38.2 1.0 0.1 0.1

50 - 54 29,069 0.4 27.5 30.4 40.9 0.7 0.0 0.1

55 - 59 16,657 0.6 28.9 28.3 41.3 0.8 0.1 0.1

60 - 64 14,207 0.6 14.3 30.5 53.6 0.8 0.1 0.1

65 - 69 6,888 0.4 10.3 27.9 59.7 1.6 - 0.1

70 - 74 5,893 0.5 6.4 29.1 62.5 1.6 - -

75 - 79 2,414 0.3 3.5 29.2 66.1 0.8 - 0.2

80 + 2,528 0.3 4.5 25.6 67.8 1.7 - 0.2

Table 10. 14: Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Employment Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012 Census


Agriculture

Own

Agriculture

Family


Total 219,139 0.3 14.5 27.8 54.6 2.5 0.1 0.1

10 - 14 3,177 0.3 2.8 19.6 19.0 57.6 0.2 0.6

15 - 19 12,978 0.2 5.4 36.4 50.9 6.4 0.4 0.2

20 - 24 25,621 0.3 11.1 34.8 50.4 2.6 0.6 0.1

25 - 29 28,840 0.3 17.2 33.3 47.1 1.9 0.1 0.1

30 - 34 27,740 0.4 21.6 30.3 46.4 1.2 0.0 0.1

35 - 39 26,504 0.3 18.1 29.0 51.2 1.3 0.0 0.1

40 - 44 23,206 0.3 14.7 27.0 56.7 1.2 0.0 0.1

45 - 49 22,196 0.4 15.6 22.5 60.4 1.0 0.1 0.0

50 - 54 17,085 0.3 16.4 20.4 62.2 0.7 0.0 0.0

55 - 59 9,735 0.5 17.2 19.6 61.7 0.8 0.2 0.0

60 - 64 9,105 0.7 6.9 20.1 71.6 0.7 - -

65 - 69 4,761 0.2 5.9 17.6 74.8 1.5 - 0.1

70 - 74 4,306 0.5 3.2 19.5 75.5 1.4 - -

75 - 79 1,850 - 2.3 19.2 78.0 0.5 - -

80 + 2,035 0.3 2.1 18.2 77.1 2.0 - 0.2


100

Table10. 15: Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Employment Status, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012 Census


Agriculture

Own

Agriculture

Family


Total 159,991 0.6 40.6 50.5 6.6 1.3 0.3 0.1

10 - 14 621 - 22.1 28.8 4.3 43.5 0.3 1.0

15 - 19 5,216 0.4 29.8 60.2 4.7 3.1 1.5 0.4

20 - 24 16,808 0.5 33.5 58.8 3.9 2.0 1.1 0.2

25 - 29 23,929 0.3 44.0 50.6 3.4 1.3 0.3 0.2

30 - 34 25,383 0.6 47.1 48.1 3.3 0.7 0.1 0.1

35 - 39 23,384 0.7 41.7 51.9 4.4 1.1 0.1 0.2

40 - 44 19,476 0.6 40.7 52.6 5.3 0.8 0.0 0.0

45 - 49 16,394 0.9 42.8 46.9 8.2 1.1 0.1 0.1

50 - 54 11,985 0.5 43.3 44.7 10.6 0.8 0.0 0.1

55 - 59 6,922 0.8 45.3 40.4 12.6 0.7 0.1 0.1

60 - 64 5,102 0.5 27.3 48.9 21.6 1.2 0.2 0.3

65 - 69 2,127 0.9 20.4 50.8 26.0 1.7 - 0.2

70 - 74 1,586 0.6 15.1 55.0 27.2 2.1 - -

75 - 79 565 1.2 7.4 61.9 27.1 1.8 - 0.7

80 + 493 - 14.6 56.0 29.2 0.6 - -

Table10. 16: Distribution of Employed Male Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year Age

Groups and Employment Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census


Agriculture

Own

Agriculture

Family


Total 233,487 0.5 26.8 42.7 28.5 1.2 0.2 0.1

10 - 14 2,589 0.3 3.4 25.2 15.8 54.2 0.3 0.7

15 - 19 11,645 0.3 8.1 50.7 36.4 3.5 0.7 0.3

20 - 24 26,219 0.5 19.3 50.3 28.0 1.0 0.8 0.1

25 - 29 32,440 0.3 28.1 47.5 23.2 0.5 0.2 0.1

30 - 34 32,261 0.5 33.7 44.6 20.7 0.3 0.1 0.1

35 - 39 29,825 0.6 31.0 45.8 22.1 0.4 0.0 0.1

40 - 44 25,419 0.5 30.2 44.8 24.0 0.3 - 0.1

45 - 49 22,174 0.7 32.2 37.5 29.2 0.3 0.0 0.0

50 - 54 18,126 0.5 32.3 35.0 31.9 0.3 - 0.1

55 - 59 11,149 0.6 33.0 31.5 34.3 0.5 0.1 0.1

60 - 64 9,497 0.8 17.1 35.1 46.3 0.5 0.1 0.1

65 - 69 4,628 0.6 14.0 29.9 54.4 1.1 - 0.1

70 - 74 4,073 0.5 8.4 31.2 59.3 0.6 - -

75 - 79 1,716 0.4 4.5 31.1 63.2 0.6 - 0.2

80 + 1,726 0.4 5.1 26.8 66.0 1.3 - 0.3


101

Table10. 17: Distribution of Employed Female Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Five Year

Age Groups and Employment Status, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census


Agriculture

Own

Agriculture

Family


Total 145,640 0.3 23.6 28.8 43.7 3.3 0.2 0.1

10 - 14 1,208 - 11.3 12.3 18.4 57.6 - 0.5

15 - 19 6,549 0.2 20.0 29.8 40.0 9.1 0.7 0.2

20 - 24 16,210 0.3 21.2 34.8 38.5 4.5 0.7 0.1

25 - 29 20,329 0.3 31.4 30.9 33.7 3.4 0.3 0.1

30 - 34 20,862 0.5 33.9 30.0 33.6 1.9 0.0 0.1

35 - 39 20,063 0.3 26.3 30.8 40.0 2.4 0.1 0.0

40 - 44 17,263 0.4 21.1 29.6 46.8 2.1 0.0 -

45 - 49 16,415 0.4 20.2 26.7 50.4 2.1 0.1 0.1

50 - 54 10,943 0.3 19.5 22.8 55.9 1.4 0.0 0.0

55 - 59 5,508 0.7 20.5 21.7 55.5 1.3 0.3 -

60 - 64 4,710 0.2 8.5 21.0 68.5 1.6 - 0.1

65 - 69 2,260 0.0 2.9 23.7 70.7 2.5 - 0.1

70 - 74 1,819 0.4 2.0 24.1 69.8 3.7 - -

75 - 79 699 - 1.1 24.5 73.1 1.3 - -

80 + 802 - 3.1 22.8 71.6 2.5 - -

Table 10.18: Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and Above by Employment

Status and Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total Employer Employee Own Non -

Agriculture

Own

Agriculture

Family


Tanzania

Zanzibar 379,129 0.4 25.5 37.4 34.3 2.0 0.2 0.1

Rural 219,139 0.3 14.5 27.8 54.6 2.5 0.1 0.1

Urban 159,991 0.6 40.6 50.5 6.6 1.3 0.3 0.1

Male 233,487 0.5 26.8 42.7 28.5 1.2 0.2 0.1

Female 145,640 0.3 23.6 28.8 43.7 3.3 0.2 0.1

Kaskazini Unguja 59,515 0.4 15.5 26.6 55.2 2.1 0.1 0.1

Kusini Unguja 45,862 0.4 16.5 30.0 51.2 1.8 0.1 0.1

Mjini Magharibi 160,465 0.5 40.1 50.2 7.6 1.2 0.2 0.1

Kaskazini Pemba 58,045 0.3 13.7 29.7 52.6 3.5 0.2 0.1

Kusini Pemba 55,242 0.5 14.2 25.9 56.3 2.9 0.2 0.1


102

10.5 Main Occupation

Main occupation provides information on the jobs where persons aged 10 years and above spent

most of their working time in the process of production of goods and services, Main occupation

provides information on the jobs on which persons aged 10 years and above spent most of their

working time. The main occupation has been broken down into 15 categories considered to cover

almost all activities people are engaged in the production of goods and services in Tanzania

Zanzibar. Major ones include administrators, professionals, technicians, farmers, small businesses,

street vendors, shopkeepers, livestock keepers and fishermen.

The results in Table 10.19 show that (30 percent) of all people in Tanzania Zanzibar are farmers

followed by service and shops sales workers (17 percent); elementary occupation (12 percent),

craftsmen (10 percent); fishermen (7 percent), technicians and associate professionals (6 percent);

street vendors (4 percent); professionals (3 percent); legislators, clerks, small business managers,

machine operators (2 percent each) and livestock keepers (1 percent). Besides, results also show the

highest proportion of the elderly aged 80 years and above were engaged in farming (58 percent).


103

Table 10.19: Distribution of Employed Population Aged 10 Years and above by Five Year Age Groups and Main Occupation, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census

Age Group Total

Legislators

Administrators

and Managers

Professional

Technicians

and

Associate

Professionals

Clerks

Small

Business

Managers

Service

Workers

Shop

and

Stall

Sales

Workers

Street

Vendors

and

Related

Workers

Crafts

and

Related

Workers

Farmers Livestock

Keepers Fishermen

Plant

Machine

Operators

and

Assemblers

including

Drivers

Elementary

Occupations

Other

Not

Specified

Occupation

not Known

Total 379,129 1.9 3.4 6.0 2.3 1.6 16.9 4.0 10.2 30.1 0.9 6.8 2.1 11.5 2.2 0.2

10 - 14 3,798 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 2.1 6.3 30.3 5.8 20.7 0.4 19.4 6.8 0.8

15 - 19 18,194 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.8 14.7 3.8 10.7 33.0 2.3 13.6 1.2 13.6 5.6 0.3

20 - 24 42,429 0.8 1.1 4.2 1.5 1.3 17.6 4.4 14.1 27.7 1.2 8.7 2.0 12.6 2.5 0.3

25 - 29 52,769 1.6 3.6 7.0 2.1 1.7 19.8 4.3 12.5 23.4 1.0 6.9 2.8 11.3 1.8 0.3

30 - 34 53,123 2.0 5.3 8.1 2.6 1.8 20.2 4.6 11.3 22.5 0.8 6.0 2.6 10.0 2.2 0.2

35 - 39 49,888 2.1 4.0 6.7 2.6 1.9 19.5 4.6 11.1 25.3 0.8 6.2 2.7 10.3 2.1 0.2

40 - 44 42,682 2.2 3.7 6.3 2.6 1.6 18.1 4.4 9.8 29.0 0.8 6.2 2.2 11.0 1.8 0.1

45 - 49 38,590 2.5 4.1 6.9 3.0 1.6 15.5 3.7 8.7 33.2 0.5 5.8 1.7 11.0 1.7 0.2

50 - 54 29,069 2.8 4.1 7.4 3.2 1.7 13.6 3.0 7.4 35.7 0.7 5.4 1.5 11.6 1.8 0.2

55 - 59 16,657 3.0 4.4 8.0 3.8 1.2 12.1 3.1 6.6 37.5 0.7 5.0 1.7 11.0 1.7 0.2

60 - 64 14,207 2.6 2.2 3.9 1.5 1.5 10.2 2.4 5.6 48.0 0.7 5.3 1.3 13.1 1.6 0.2

65 - 69 6,888 2.0 1.5 3.2 1.0 0.8 9.3 2.8 5.0 51.7 1.1 5.0 0.6 14.6 1.5 0.2

70 - 74 5,893 1.6 0.9 2.8 0.9 0.6 7.5 2.7 4.7 54.2 0.4 4.9 0.6 15.8 2.1 0.2

75 - 79 2,414 0.8 0.3 3.1 1.0 0.3 7.9 2.2 4.1 55.9 0.5 6.5 0.7 15.1 1.7 0.0

80+ 2,528 1.9 0.8 1.8 0.3 0.8 7.8 1.3 4.3 58.4 1.0 3.3 0.2 16.3 1.8 0.0


104

Table 10.20: Distribution of Employed Population of Age 10 Years and Above by Main Occupation and Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total

Legislators Administrators and Managers

Professional Technicians and Associate Professionals

Clerks Small Business Managers

Service Workers Shop and Stall Sales Workers

Street Vendors and Related Workers

Crafts and Related Workers

Farmers Livestock Keepers

Fishermen

Plant Machine Operators and Assemblers including Drivers

Elementary Occupations

Other Not Specified

Occupation not Known

Tanzania Zanzibar 379,129 1.9 3.4 6.0 2.3 1.6 16.9 4.0 10.2 30.1 0.9 6.8 2.1 11.5 2.2 0.2

Rural 219,139 1.4 1.9 3.8 0.8 0.5 8.1 1.7 6.4 47.0 1.1 10.1 1.2 13.9 1.7 0.2

Urban 159,991 2.6 5.3 9.1 4.3 2.9 28.9 7.1 15.4 6.9 0.7 2.3 3.3 8.2 2.8 0.2

Male 233,487 2.2 3.1 5.3 1.9 1.7 17.5 3.7 12.1 25.4 1.3 10.2 3.2 10.1 2.1 0.2

Female 145,640 1.4 3.8 7.3 2.9 1.2 15.8 4.4 7.2 37.5 0.4 1.3 0.3 13.7 2.4 0.3

Kaskazini Unguja 59,515 1.4 1.9 3.8 0.8 0.5 9.2 1.9 4.8 48.8 0.8 11.2 0.8 12.4 1.4 0.4

Kusini Unguja 45,862 1.2 1.2 3.5 0.6 0.5 11.3 1.5 7.8 50.1 1.6 7.0 2.0 8.8 2.8 0.1

Mjini Magharibi 160,465 2.6 5.2 9.0 3.9 2.8 28.9 7.1 15.2 8.1 0.9 2.2 3.2 7.9 2.8 0.3

Kaskazini Pemba 58,045 1.4 2.4 3.8 1.4 0.8 6.4 1.5 7.0 52.4 1.0 12.7 1.1 6.4 1.4 0.2

Kusini Pemba 55,242 1.4 2.4 4.5 1.7 0.8 5.6 1.8 6.9 33.6 0.6 9.0 1.3 28.8 1.6 0.1


105

10.6. Main Industry

Industry provides information on the main economic activities on which the working population

was employed. Main activities include agriculture, forestry, fishing; mining and quarrying;

manufacturing; trade and commerce; public administration and education.

Results in Table 10.21 reveal that commercial agriculture and food crops employed more persons

than any other industry (37 percent), followed by Fishing, Hunting, Livestock and Other Related

and Raw Food Sales (Uncooked Food) eight (8) percent, manufacturing (7 percent). The smallest

industry was information and communication which employed only (1 percent) of working persons.


106

Table 10.21: Percentage Distribution of Employed Population of Age 10 Years and Above by Five Year Age Groups and Main Industry, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census

Age Group Total

Commercial-

Agriculture, Food

Crops and Forestry

Fishing Hunting

Livestock and Other

Related

Mining and

Quarrying

Man

ufa

ctu

rin

g

Electricity Gas and

Steam

Services for Clean Water Sewage and

Environme nt

Co

nst

ruct

ion

Raw Food Sales

(Uncooked Food)

Trade and Commerce

Haulage and

Storage

Services for food

Hotels and

Lodges

Information and

Communication

Financial Institution

and Insurance

Public Administrati

on and Security Services

Education Services

Health and Social

Welfare Services

Do

mes

tic

Ser

vice

s

Other Activities not listed

Total 379,129 37.2 8.2 1.4 7.4 0.6 1.3 4.3 7.6 5.2 3.0 5.1 1.1 1.2 5.0 4.4 1.2 2.5 3.2

10 - 14 3,798 38.1 26.4 5.4 2.9 0.1 0.3 2.6 5.7 2.6 0.6 1.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.8 2.7

15 - 19 18,194 40.2 16.0 2.4 6.9 0.2 1.1 4.0 6.5 4.3 1.7 3.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5 4.1

20 - 24 42,429 34.6 10.3 1.9 9.8 0.4 1.2 5.3 8.0 5.8 3.0 7.0 1.0 0.9 2.2 1.5 0.4 3.6 3.1

25 - 29 52,769 29.7 8.1 1.6 9.0 0.8 1.3 5.2 8.0 5.3 3.6 7.3 1.2 1.4 4.9 5.4 1.1 2.5 3.6

30 - 34 53,123 28.2 7.3 1.2 8.5 0.8 1.4 5.1 7.9 5.6 3.6 6.2 1.1 1.4 7.4 7.7 1.0 2.0 3.6

35 - 39 49,888 31.4 7.4 1.3 8.1 0.8 1.4 4.7 8.5 6.3 3.8 6.0 1.3 1.2 6.2 5.4 1.1 2.1 3.1

40 - 44 42,682 35.7 7.6 1.2 6.9 0.7 1.4 4.4 8.3 6.1 3.2 4.7 1.1 1.4 6.5 4.4 1.3 1.6 3.2

45 - 49 38,590 40.7 7.1 1.2 6.3 0.6 1.5 4.2 7.4 4.7 2.4 4.1 1.2 1.4 5.9 4.6 2.1 1.8 2.8

50 - 54 29,069 44.3 6.5 1.3 5.7 0.6 1.6 3.4 6.9 4.2 2.4 3.1 1.2 1.3 5.7 5.2 1.9 1.7 3.1

55 - 59 16,657 45.3 6.5 1.1 5.2 0.9 1.8 2.8 6.5 4.2 2.9 2.7 1.4 1.3 5.3 5.0 2.9 1.1 3.3

60 - 64 14,207 57.9 6.7 1.0 4.3 0.3 1.0 2.3 6.3 3.8 1.9 3.1 0.4 0.6 3.4 2.0 1.4 1.1 2.5

65 - 69 6,888 63.3 6.3 1.3 4.3 0.3 1.0 1.6 5.7 3.3 1.5 1.8 0.3 0.7 2.6 1.5 0.7 1.6 2.4

70 - 74 5,893 65.9 6.0 1.2 3.4 0.3 0.9 1.8 4.9 4.1 1.1 1.8 0.3 0.8 1.7 0.8 0.3 2.2 2.6

75 - 79 2,414 68.4 7.0 1.1 3.3 0.2 0.5 1.1 5.7 3.8 1.2 1.7 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.9

80+ 2,528 71.1 4.8 0.9 4.5 0.4 0.8 1.1 4.6 3.0 0.2 1.7 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.9 2.5


107

Table 10.22: Percentage Distribution of Employed Population of Age 10 Years and Above by Five year Age Groups, Main Industry and Region, Tanzania


Region Total

Commercial-Agriculture, Food Crops and Forestry

Fishing Hunting

Livestock and Other Related

Mining and

Quarrying

Man

ufa

ctu

rin

g

Electricity Gas and

Steam

Services for Clean Water Sewage and Environment

Co

nst

ruct

ion

Raw Food Sales

(Uncooked

Food)

Tra

de

and

Co

mm

erce

Haulage and

Storage

Services for food

Hotels and Lodges

Information and Com

munication

Financial Institution

and Insurance

Public Administration and Security Services

Ed

uca

tio

n S

ervi

ces

Health and

Social Welfare Services

Do

mes

tic

Ser

vice

s

Other Activities not listed

Tanzania Zanzibar 379,129 37.2 8.2 1.4 7.4 0.6 1.3 4.3 7.6 5.2 3.0 5.1 1.1 1.2 5.0 4.4 1.2 2.5 3.2

Rural 219,139 57.8 11.5 1.3 3.8 0.3 0.8 2.7 4.0 2.6 1.6 2.7 0.4 0.5 2.8 3.1 0.6 1.9 1.7

Urban 159,991 8.9 3.7 1.6 12.3 1.1 2.1 6.6 12.5 8.8 4.9 8.5 2.0 2.1 8.0 6.3 1.9 3.3 5.3

Male 233,487 31.4 11.8 1.6 7.1 0.8 1.4 6.3 8.4 5.9 4.4 4.0 1.1 1.1 6.6 2.9 0.9 0.8 3.3

Female 145,640 46.5 2.4 1.2 7.8 0.4 1.2 1.2 6.3 4.0 0.7 6.9 1.1 1.2 2.4 6.8 1.7 5.2 3.1

Kaskazini Unguja 59,515 57.6 12.2 0.8 3.1 0.2 0.9 2.6 3.9 1.7 1.2 3.8 0.3 0.5 3.3 3.4 0.5 1.7 2.0

Kusini Unguja 45,862 55.9 9.0 1.0 4.8 0.2 0.6 2.6 5.5 2.1 2.3 4.3 0.3 0.5 3.3 3.0 0.6 2.3 1.8

Mjini Magharibi 160,465 10.2 3.8 1.5 11.7 1.1 2.0 7.0 12.4 8.7 4.7 8.4 1.9 2.0 8.0 6.0 1.7 3.3 5.5

Kaskazini Pemba 58,045 55.3 14.1 2.5 4.2 0.3 0.8 2.3 3.4 3.4 1.5 1.7 0.4 0.6 2.3 3.3 1.1 1.5 1.3

Kusini Pemba 55,242 59.3 9.9 1.0 5.0 0.4 1.0 2.2 3.8 3.2 1.8 1.4 0.6 0.7 2.2 3.4 1.1 2.0 1.1


108

Chapter Eleven

Disability

11.1 Introduction

The first attempt to collect disability statistics through Census in Tanzania was in 2002 PHC. The

2002 PHC had only two questions on disability. The first question asked if any member of the

household had any disability. If the answer to that question was “Yes”, the respondent was asked to

state the type of disability. These questions were too general and they captured severe cases of

disability only. More research and information is now available on how to collect more

comprehensive disability statistics through a census or survey.

In the 2012 PHC, all respondents were asked questions on disability. Persons with disabilities were

defined as persons with long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairment which may

hinder or limit their full and effective participation in society on an equal footing with others.

Disabilities included in the 2012 census questionnaire were albinism, difficulty in seeing, hearing

and walking. Other categories were difficulty in remembering, self-care and other types of

disability.

11.2 Persons with Disabilities (Five year age groups)

Table 11.1 shows the number of persons with disability by type of disability and region in Tanzania

Zanzibar. Difficult in seeing was the most common type of disability (2 percent) and Albinism

(0.03 percent) was the least type of disability reported.


109

Table 11. 1: Number of Persons with Disability by Type of Disability and Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region

Albino Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering Self-care Other Disability

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Tanzania Zanzibar 350 0.03 27,317 2.1 15,140 1.2 11,461 0.9 10,650 0.8 7,501 0.6 2,295 0.2

Kaskazini Unguja 34 0.02 3,723 2.0 2,058 1.1 1,526 0.8 1,346 0.7 1,052 0.6 16 0.01

Kusini Unguja 33 0.03 3,239 2.8 2,014 1.7 1,325 1.1 1,180 1.0 670 0.6 896 0.8

Mjini Magharibi 181 0.03 10,927 1.8 4,847 0.8 4,384 0.7 3,731 0.6 2,959 0.5 69 0.01

Kaskazini Pemba 47 0.02 3,684 1.7 2,656 1.3 1,919 0.9 1,915 0.9 1,452 0.7 33 0.02

Kusini Pemba 55 0.03 5,744 2.9 3,565 1.8 2,307 1.2 2,478 1.3 1,368 0.7 1,281 0.7


110

11.2.1 Population with Albinism

Table 11.2 gives the number and percentage of persons with albinism by five year age groups and

sex. Results show that out of all private households with a population of 1,285,427 enumerated in

Tanzania Zanzibar, 350 people (0.03 percent) had albinism. Majority of the albinos 187 were males

and 163 were females. Prevalence of albinism is more or less equally distributed among age groups.

Table 11. 2: Number and Percentage of Persons with Albinism by Five Year Age Group and Sex,


Age Group

Both Sexes Male Female Population Distribution

Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage Both Sexes Male Female

Total 350 0.03 187 0.03 163 0.02 1,285,427 619,561 665,866

0 – 4 40 0.02 19 0.02 21 0.02 202,819 101,731 101,088

5 – 9 49 0.03 29 0.03 20 0.02 182,699 91,251 91,448

10 – 14 36 0.02 20 0.02 16 0.02 165,742 82,972 82,770

15 – 19 47 0.03 25 0.04 22 0.03 140,820 66,884 73,936

20 – 24 40 0.03 18 0.03 22 0.03 120,275 53,620 66,655

25 – 29 24 0.02 15 0.04 9 0.02 96,488 42,775 53,713

30 – 34 25 0.03 14 0.04 11 0.03 79,772 36,342 43,430

35 – 39 17 0.02 9 0.03 8 0.02 70,218 32,148 38,070

40 – 44 17 0.03 7 0.03 10 0.03 57,506 27,203 30,303

45 – 49 10 0.02 7 0.03 3 0.01 51,563 23,482 28,081

50 – 54 4 0.01 1 0.01 3 0.02 37,771 19,378 18,393

55 – 59 4 0.02 3 0.02 1 0.01 22,063 12,269 9,794

60 – 64 13 0.06 9 0.08 4 0.04 21,296 11,220 10,076

65 – 69 5 0.04 1 0.02 4 0.07 11,447 6,095 5,352

70 – 74 7 0.06 2 0.03 5 0.09 11,653 5,774 5,879

75 – 79 4 0.08 3 0.11 1 0.04 4,998 2,644 2,354

80+ 8 0.10 5 0.13 3 0.07 8,297 3,773 4,524


111



Age

Group



Total 178 0.03 94 0.03 84 0.02 690,544 338,039 352,505

0 – 4 25 0.02 12 0.02 13 0.02 116,778 58,794 57,984

5 – 9 27 0.03 18 0.03 9 0.02 104,004 52,944 51,060

10 – 14 20 0.02 10 0.02 10 0.02 91,239 46,832 44,407

15 – 19 21 0.03 11 0.03 10 0.03 74,829 36,990 37,839

20 – 24 19 0.03 7 0.03 12 0.04 58,474 26,484 31,990

25 – 29 8 0.02 6 0.03 2 0.01 46,739 20,960 25,779

30 – 34 11 0.03 6 0.03 5 0.02 38,723 17,935 20,788

35 – 39 6 0.02 3 0.02 3 0.02 35,007 15,828 19,179

40 – 44 8 0.03 2 0.02 6 0.04 29,245 13,283 15,962

45 – 49 6 0.02 4 0.03 2 0.01 27,444 12,494 14,950

50 – 54 2 0.01 1 0.01 1 0.01 20,932 10,459 10,473

55 – 59 2 0.02 2 0.03 0 0.00 12,017 6,708 5,309

60 – 64 8 0.07 5 0.08 3 0.05 12,304 6,428 5,876

65 – 69 3 0.04 0 0.00 3 0.10 6,814 3,661 3,153

70 – 74 5 0.07 1 0.03 4 0.11 7,378 3,801 3,577

75 – 79 3 0.09 2 0.11 1 0.07 3,180 1,782 1,398

80+ 4 0.07 4 0.15 0 0.00 5,437 2,656 2,781



Age

Group



Total 172 0.03 93 0.03 79 0.03 594,883 281,522 313,361

0 – 4 15 0.02 7 0.02 8 0.02 86,041 42,937 43,104

5 – 9 22 0.03 11 0.03 11 0.03 78,695 38,307 40,388

10 – 14 16 0.02 10 0.03 6 0.02 74,503 36,140 38,363

15 – 19 26 0.04 14 0.05 12 0.03 65,991 29,894 36,097

20 – 24 21 0.03 11 0.04 10 0.03 61,801 27,136 34,665

25 – 29 16 0.03 9 0.04 7 0.03 49,749 21,815 27,934

30 – 34 14 0.03 8 0.04 6 0.03 41,049 18,407 22,642

35 – 39 11 0.03 6 0.04 5 0.03 35,211 16,320 18,891

40 – 44 9 0.03 5 0.04 4 0.03 28,261 13,920 14,341

45 – 49 4 0.02 3 0.03 1 0.01 24,119 10,988 13,131

50 – 54 2 0.01 0 0.00 2 0.03 16,839 8,919 7,920

55 – 59 2 0.02 1 0.02 1 0.02 10,046 5,561 4,485

60 – 64 5 0.06 4 0.08 1 0.02 8,992 4,792 4,200

65 – 69 2 0.04 1 0.04 1 0.05 4,633 2,434 2,199

70 – 74 2 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.04 4,275 1,973 2,302

75 – 79 1 0.06 1 0.12 0 0.00 1,818 862 956

80+ 4 0.14 1 0.09 3 0.17 2,860 1,117 1,743


112

11.3 Persons with disability (Ten year age groups)

Table 11.5 and Figure 11.1 show the percentage of persons with disabilities by type of disability,

sex and ten year age groups. Difficulty in seeing was relatively the most reported disability by

respondents (2.1 percent), followed by difficulties in hearing (1.2 percent) and difficulty in walking

(0.9 percent). In general, there was no pronounced difference between males and females although

percentage of female population with disabilities was slightly higher than that of males. The 2012

PHC results reveal that percentage of people with disabilities was considerably higher among older

persons compared with young persons. For instance, percentage of population with difficulty in

seeing ranges from 0.4 percent among population below 10 years to 20 percent for those aged 70

years and above. Such marked differences can be observed in all disability categories.


113

Table 11. 5: Percentage of Persons with Disabilities by 10 Year Age Groups, Type of Disability and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Age Group

Type of Disability


Seeing Hearing Walking Remembering Self-care

Other Disability


Other Disability


Other Disability

Total 2.1 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1

0 – 9 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1

10 – 19 1.1 1.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

20 – 29 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

30 – 39 1.6 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1

40 – 49 4.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 3.3 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.1

50 – 59 7.3 1.7 2.0 1.7 0.5 0.2 3.0 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.1 4.4 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.1

60 – 69 11.6 3.3 5.1 3.1 1.5 0.3 5.2 1.4 2.1 1.1 0.7 0.1 6.4 2.0 3.1 2.0 0.8 0.1

70+ 19.7 7.6 12.6 7.4 5.4 0.5 9.4 3.3 5.2 2.8 1.9 0.2 10.3 4.3 7.4 4.6 3.5 0.2


114

Figure 11. 1:Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities by Type of Disability and

Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Tables 11.6 and 11.7 show the percentage distribution of the population with disabilities by ten year

age groups, sex, Rural and Urban Areas. The tables show that there were no marked differences

between rural and urban population, even though the percentage of population with disabilities is

higher in Rural than Urban Areas.


115

Table 11. 6: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities by 10 Year Age Groups, Type of Disability and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar Rural, 2012

Census

Age Group

Type of Disability


Seeing Hearing Walking Rememb

ering Self-care

Other Disability

Seeing Hearing Walking Remember

ing Self-care

Other Disability


ering Self-care

Other Disability

Total 2.3 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.1

0 – 9 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1

10 – 19 0.8 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

20 – 29 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1

30 – 39 1.8 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2

40 – 49 5.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 3.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.2

50 – 59 8.0 2.1 1.9 1.9 0.5 0.4 3.4 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.1 4.7 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.3 0.2

60 – 69 12.6 4.0 4.8 3.3 1.4 0.4 5.7 1.7 2.1 1.3 0.6 0.2 7.0 2.3 2.7 2.1 0.8 0.2

70+ 21.0 8.2 12.2 7.6 5.1 0.6 10.3 3.8 5.4 3.1 1.9 0.3 10.7 4.4 6.8 4.5 3.2 0.3

Table 11. 7: Percentage Distribution of Persons with Disabilities by 10 Year Age Groups, Type of Disability and Sex, Tanzania Zanzibar Urban, 2012

Census

Age Group

Type of Disability

Both Sexes

Male

Female


ering Self-care

Other Disability

Seeing Hearing Walking Remembe

ring Self-care

Other Disability

Seeing Hearing Walking Remembe

ring Self-care

Other Disability

Total 1.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.0

0 – 9 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0

10 – 19 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

20 – 29 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

30 – 39 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0

40 – 49 4.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 2.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.0

50 – 59 6.4 1.2 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.1 2.5 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.0 4.0 0.8 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.0

60 – 69 10.2 2.4 5.6 2.8 1.8 0.1 4.6 0.9 2.1 1.0 0.8 0.0 5.6 1.5 3.5 1.8 0.9 0.1

70+ 17.4 6.6 13.4 7.1 6.0 0.2 7.7 2.5 4.8 2.5 1.9 0.1 9.7 4.1 8.5 4.6 4.1 0.1


116

Chapter Twelve

Housing Conditions, Household Assets and Amenities

12.1 Introduction

The 2012 PHC collected information on household characteristics and conditions as an indicator on

household prosperity. Information collected included ownership status of the main dwelling used

by the household; legal right over the ownership of land where the main dwelling is built; building

materials for the main dwelling (roofing, flooring and wall) and number of rooms available for

sleeping in the dwelling. The Census also collected information on availability of essential social

services; including main source of drinking water, main source of energy used for cooking and

lighting, toilet facilities, mode of households refuse disposal, ownership of specified assets, and

household membership in social security schemes.

12.2 Ownership Status of the Main Dwelling Used by the Household

Table 12.1 presents information on ownership of the main dwelling used by the household. The

Census results indicate that 78 percent of private households in Tanzania Zanzibar lived in

privately owned dwellings. Percentage of households living in privately owned households was

higher in Rural (89 percent) than in Urban Areas (66 percent).

Table 12.1: Percentage Distribution of Households by Location and Ownership Status of the Main

Dwelling, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Location Total Owned by

Household

Living

without

Paying any

Rent

Rented

Privately

Rented by

Employer

Rented by

Government

at Subsidized

Rent

Owned by

Employer

(Free)

Owned by

Employer

(Rent)

Total 250,212 78.2 10.2 8.7 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.2

Rural 137,662 88.5 8.3 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.1

Urban 112,550 65.6 12.5 17.3 1.2 2.2 0.8 0.4

Table 12.2 presents information on tenure status by age of head of household. The results show that

with exception of head of household at age less than 15 years, ownership of private house is

increasing with age of head of household. The table indicates that 65 percent of household heads

aged 40 years and above were living in their own houses.


117

Table 12.2: Percentage Distribution of Households by Tenure Status and Age of Head, Tanzania


Age of Head of

Household Total

Owned by

Household

Living

without

Paying

any Rent

Rented

Privately

Rented

by

Employer

Rented by

Government

at

Subsidized

Rent

Owned

by

Employer

(Free)

Owned

by

Employer

(Rent)

Total 250,212 78.2 10.2 8.7 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.2

< 15 171 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

15 – 19 1,368 0.4 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.2

20 – 24 10,585 3.1 7.5 9.5 9.4 8.9 4.6 3.2

25 – 29 25,081 7.7 16.8 21.0 20.0 16.1 15.2 10.7

30 – 34 32,278 10.9 18.9 21.9 20.5 19.3 15.6 18.8

35 – 39 32,669 12.4 14.3 16.3 15.3 15.7 15.5 13.9

40 – 44 30,997 12.7 11.7 10.2 10.2 12.2 14.1 11.9

45 – 49 33,209 14.3 9.8 8.5 11.6 9.9 11.7 18.7

50 – 54 25,142 11.2 6.7 4.6 5.1 6.2 10.9 6.1

55 – 59 16,139 7.4 3.5 2.6 3.6 3.1 3.7 5.9

60 – 64 16,094 7.4 3.4 2.0 1.4 3.6 4.1 4.6

65+ 26,479 12.3 6.2 2.5 1.9 3.7 3.5 6.1

Total Age Group 250,212 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

12.3 Legal Right over the Ownership of Land Where Main Dwelling is Located

Members of the households living in privately owned houses were asked to state the legal right of

the land where their main dwelling is built. Thirty nine percent of the households had no legal right

over the land and 35 percent of households had title deed (Table 12.3). However, 20 percent of the

households had customary ownership. Sixty one percent of households in urban areas had title deed

over the ownership of land where their houses are built compared with 20 percent in Rural Areas.


118

Table 12.3: Percentage Distribution of Households by Location, Type of Legal Rights over the

Ownership of the Land where the Main Dwelling is Built, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012

Census

Type of Legal Right

Total

Title

Deed

Residential

License Offer

Customary

Ownership Contract

Registration

(Zanzibar)

No Legal

Right

Total 195,660 35.2 1.6 1.2 19.5 1.7 1.9 38.8

Rural 121,800 19.5 0.8 1.6 28.1 1.5 1.6 46.9

Urban 73,860 61.2 2.9 0.6 5.4 2.2 2.4 25.3

12.4 Building Materials for Roofing

Table 12.4 shows that 79 percent of private households in Tanzania Zanzibar used iron sheets as the

main roofing material, followed by grass or leaves (18 percent) and concrete (2 percent). Ninety

seven percent of the households in Urban Areas used modern materials (iron sheets, tiles, concrete

and asbestos) compared with 69 percent in Rural Areas. Significant variations were observed across

regions. Percentage of households with modern roofing materials ranged from 57 percent in

Kaskazini Pemba to 96 percent in Mjini Magharibi.

Table 12.4: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and Type of Material Used for

Roofing, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region

Roofing material of main dwelling unit

Total Iron

Sheets Tiles Concrete Asbestos

Grass/

Leaves

Mud and

Leaves

Plastics/

Box Tent

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 78.6 0.7 1.7 0.4 17.9 0.5 0.1 0.0

Rural 137,662 67.8 0.6 0.1 0.5 30.0 0.9 0.1 0.1

Urban 112,550 91.8 0.8 3.8 0.4 3.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 69.1 0.3 0.3 1.0 28.0 1.0 0.1 0.1

Kusini Unguja 25,734 70.0 2.7 0.6 0.7 25.3 0.7 0.0 0.0

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 91.6 0.7 3.2 0.2 4.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 55.8 0.3 0.8 0.4 41.6 1.1 0.1 0.1

Kusini Pemba 35,618 78.7 0.2 0.6 0.3 19.5 0.6 0.0 0.0

12.5 Building Materials for Flooring

Table 12.5 presents the percentage distribution of households by type of flooring material used for

the main dwelling. The table indicates that 69 percent of the total private households in Tanzania

Zanzibar used cement as the main flooring material, followed by earth or sand (29 percent). In


119

Urban Areas, cement was the most common flooring material used (88 percent), followed by earth

or sand (7 percent). On the other hand 53 percent of the rural households used cement as the main

flooring material followed by earth or sand (47 percent). All regions in Tanzania Zanzibar had

more than 50 percent of households using modern flooring materials (cement, ceramic tiles,

terrazzo, vinyl or asphalt strips and parquet or polished wood) except Kaskazini Pemba (45

percent).

Table 12.5: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and Main Materials Used for Flooring,


Region

Floor material of main dwelling unit

Total Cement Ceramic

Tiles

Parquet

or

Polished

Wood

Terrazzo

Vinyl

or

Asphalt

Strips

Wood

Planks

Palm/

Bamboo

Earth/

Sand

Animal

Dung

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 68.6 2.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 28.6 0.0

Rural 137,662 52.5 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 46.5 0.0

Urban 112,550 88.3 4.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 0.0

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 55.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 43.7 0.1

Kusini Unguja 25,734 66.5 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 32.5 0.0

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 87.6 4.5 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 7.2 0.0

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 43.8 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 55.1 0.1

Kusini Pemba 35,618 50.6 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 48.4 0.0

12.6 Building Materials for Walls

Table 12.6 shows that 55 percent of all private households in Tanzania Zanzibar had their houses

walls built of cement bricks. Other materials used for building walls were poles and mud (25

percent) and stones (17 percent). The table also shows that most of the households in the Urban

Areas used cement bricks (81 percent) as wall materials followed by (13 percent), while in Rural

Areas, the main wall materials used were poles and mud (41 percent) followed by cement bricks

(34 percent) and stones (19 percent)

.


120

Table 12.6: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and type of Wall Material Used,


Region

Wall material of main dwelling unit

Total Stones Cement

Bricks

Sundried

Bricks

Baked

Bricks Timber

Timber

and Iron

Sheets

Poles

and

Mud

Grass Tent

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 16.5 55.3 2.3 0.6 0.0 0.1 24.5 0.7 0.0

Rural 137,662 19.1 34.3 3.3 0.8 0.0 0.1 41.2 1.2 0.0

Urban 112,550 13.4 80.9 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.1 0.0

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 15.6 57.6 5.0 1.3 0.0 0.1 18.8 1.5 0.0

Kusini Unguja 25,734 47.3 30.8 1.5 0.7 0.0 0.1 17.8 1.9 0.0

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 11.6 84.0 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.1 0.0

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 18.7 21.3 3.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 55.1 0.9 0.0

Kusini Pemba 35,618 8.5 17.3 3.1 0.9 0.0 0.2 69.4 0.5 0.0

12.7 Rooms for Sleeping

Room occupancy is vital information in estimating and understanding the requirements of

accommodation for a particular household.

According to the 2012 PHC, a room for sleeping was defined as any space within the household

which is currently used for sleeping by the household members. Any space within the dwelling can

be termed as a room for sleeping if currently used by the household member for sleeping purpose.

By this definition it can also be any space used for other purposes like a sitting room, dining room

or even stores.

Figure 12.1 and Table 12.6 show that 42 percent of the households in Tanzania Zanzibar had one or

two rooms for sleeping and 34 percent had three rooms for sleeping. Only 24 percent of households

had more than three rooms for sleeping. The proportion of households with only one room for

sleeping (18 percent) is higher in Urban than Rural Areas (12 percent).


121

Figure 12.1: Percentage of Households by Number of Rooms for Sleeping,

Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Table 12.7: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and Number of Rooms for Sleeping,


Region

Average

House Hold

Size

Total

Number of rooms for sleeping

Average

Number of

Rooms for

Sleeping

1 2 3 4 5

Tanzania Zanzibar 5.1 250,212 14.9 27.4 33.5 14.4 9.8 2.8

Male headed household 3.6 172,379 14.3 26.9 33.9 14.6 10.2 2.8

Female headed household 8.6 77,833 16.2 28.4 32.5 13.7 9.1 2.8

Rural 5.0 137,662 12.4 31.3 40.4 10.3 5.6 0.0

Urban 5.3 112,550 18.1 21.2 26.3 19.1 15.3 0.0

Kaskazini Unguja 5.0 36,736 16.1 41.0 30.1 8.1 4.8 2.5

Kusini Unguja 4.4 25,734 18.6 41.0 28.0 8.6 3.8 2.4

Mjini Magharibi 5.2 112,716 19.1 22.6 25.9 18.1 14.2 2.9

Kaskazini Pemba 5.3 39,408 7.4 23.8 47.7 13.8 7.3 3.0

Kusini Pemba 5.4 35,618 6.5 18.2 53.0 12.9 9.4 3.1


122

12.8 Source of Drinking Water

During the 2012 PHC, households were asked to mention their main source of drinking water.

Table 12.8 shows that overall 73 percent of private households in Tanzania Zanzibar used piped

water as their main source of drinking water, (26.9 percent had water piped into their houses, 15.2

percent piped into the yard and 30.9 percent used public tap). In Urban Areas, 77 percent of private

households used piped water as their main source of drinking water compared with 70 percent of

households in Rural Areas. Map 12.1 presents percentages by region, of households that used piped

water as their main source of drinking water. It is important to note that the percentages of

households using piped water were above 50 percent in all regions in Tanzania Zanzibar.


123

Table 12.8: Percentage Distribution of Households by Location and Main Source of Drinking Water, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total

Main Source of Water

Piped Water

into Dwelling

Piped Water to

Yard/Plot

Public Tap/

Standpipe

Tube Well/

Borehole

Protected Dug Well

Unprotected Dug Well

Protected Spring

Unprotected Spring

Rain Water

Collection

Bottled Water

Cart With

Small Tank/ Drum

Tanker Truck

Surface Water

(River Dam Lake etc.)

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 26.9 15.2 30.9 3.0 8.0 14.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3

Male headed household 172,379 27.2 14.9 30.4 3.0 8.0 14.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3

Female headed household 77,833 26.2 16.0 32.2 2.9 7.8 13.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4

Rural 137,662 18.6 14.1 36.9 1.6 4.3 22.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.5

Urban 112,550 37.0 16.6 23.6 4.6 12.4 4.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.0

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 22.1 15.8 39.9 0.7 1.9 16.5 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.2

Kusini Unguja 25,734 18.7 13.1 30.8 2.0 3.8 28.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.7 0.1

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 33.1 16.6 23.8 4.9 13.5 6.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.1

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 21.5 12.3 36.7 1.1 3.6 23.5 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Kusini Pemba 35,618 24.3 15.0 38.1 2.1 4.5 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1


124

Map 12.1: Percentage of Households that Used Piped Water as the Main Source of Drinking by



125

Figure12. 2: Percentage Distribution of Households Using Piped Water as Main Source

of Drinking Water by Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002

and 2012 Censuses

12.9 Source of Energy

The 2012 PHC collected information on households‟ main source of energy for lighting and

cooking. The information collected was meant to access availability of modern sources of energy

(electricity, solar energy and gas).

12.9.1 Source of Energy for Cooking

The use of modern sources of energy for cooking in Tanzania Zanzibar was very low. Table 12.9

shows percentage distribution of households by area and main source of energy for cooking. The

results indicate that, the use of modern source of energy for cooking was low even in Urban Areas

(9 percent). Most households (92 percent) in Tanzania Zanzibar reported using wood fuel (64

percent firewood and 28 percent charcoal) as their main source of energy for cooking.


126

Table 12.9: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and Main Source of Energy for Cooking, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total

Main Source of Energy for Cooking

Electricity (TANESCO/

ZECO)

Solar Energy

Generator/ Private

Sources

Gas (Industrial)

Gas (Biogas)

Electricity (Wind)

Paraffin Coal Charcoal Firewood Wood/

Farm Residuals

Animal Residuals

Not Applicable

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 2.2 0.1 28.1 64.3 0.1 0.0 0.4

Male headed household 172,379 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 2.4 0.1 28.8 63.0 0.1 0.0 0.6

Female headed household 77,833 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.1 26.7 67.1 0.1 0.0 0.2

Rural 137,662 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 7.3 89.3 0.1 0.0 0.1

Urban 112,550 7.0 0.0 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.0 2.8 0.3 53.6 33.7 0.2 0.0 0.8

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 4.8 91.4 0.1 0.0 0.2

Kusini Unguja 25,734 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 4.8 92.2 0.1 0.0 0.2

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 7.0 0.0 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.0 3.0 0.2 52.1 35.0 0.2 0.0 0.8

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.8 0.1 10.5 86.1 0.1 0.0 0.2

Kusini Pemba 35,618 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 12.4 84.5 0.0 0.0 0.1


127

12.9.2 Source of Energy for Lighting

Table 12.10 presents the percentage distribution of households by Rural and Urban Areas and main

source of energy for lighting. It indicates that, 52 percent of all households in Tanzania Zanzibar

used kerosene (wick lamp and lantern or chimney) as their main sources of energy for lighting.

Only 43 percent of households in Tanzania Zanzibar reported using electricity as the main source of

energy for lighting followed by acetylene (3 percent). In Urban Areas, the main source was

electricity (75 percent), followed by kerosene (lantern or chimney and wick lamps) (22 percent). In

Rural Areas, the main source was kerosene (77 percent), followed by electricity (17 percent).


128

Table 12.10: Percentage Distribution of Households by Region and Main Source of Energy for Lighting, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total

Main Source of Energy for lighting

Electricity (TANESCO/

ZECO)

Solar Energy

Generator/ Private Source

Gas (Industrial)

Gas (Biogas)

Electricity (Wind)

Acetylene Kerosene

(lantern/ Chimney)

Kerosene (Wick

lamps) Candles Firewood

Torch/ Rechargeable

Lamps

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 42.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 8.5 43.4 0.8 0.3 1.3

Male headed household 172,379 43.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 8.7 41.8 0.9 0.3 1.5

Female headed household 77,833 40.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 8.1 46.9 0.6 0.3 0.9

Rural 137,662 16.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 10.0 66.5 0.9 0.5 1.6

Urban 112,550 74.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 6.6 15.2 0.7 0.0 1.0

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 14.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 5.2 72.7 1.0 1.1 1.0

Kusini Unguja 25,734 24.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 9.1 57.4 1.0 0.5 4.0

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 71.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 7.2 17.2 0.8 0.1 1.4

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 17.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 10.9 66.8 0.6 0.3 0.5

Kusini Pemba 35,618 22.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 12.8 60.0 0.7 0.2 0.5


129

Use of electricity as a source of energy for lighting varies considerably across regions (Map 12.2).

Mjini Magharibi Region had the highest percentage of households using electricity for lighting (72

percent) followed by Kusini Unguja (25 percent). Regions with less than 20 percent of the

households using electricity for lighting were Kaskazini Pemba (17.6 percent) and Kaskazini

Unguja (14.8 percent).


130

Map 12.2: Percentage of Households Using Electricity as their Main Source of

Energy for Lighting by Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census


131

Figure 12.3 indicate that 43 percent of households in Tanzania Zanzibar reported using electricity

as the main source of energy for lighting; more households in Urban Areas reported using

electricity (75 percent) than Rural households (17 percent).

Figure12. 3: Percentage of Households Using Electricity as Main Source of Energy for

Lighting by Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012

Censuses


132

12.10 Type of Toilet Facility

Table 12.11 presents information collected by area and type of toilet facility used. The table shows

the most common type of toilet facility in Tanzania Zanzibar was pit latrines with washable slab

(32 percent). In three regions in Tanzania Zanzibar there were more than 20 percent of households

without toilet facilities. These were Kaskazini Pemba (53 percent), Kusini Pemba (42 percent) and

Kaskazini Unguja (24 percent).


133

Table 12.11: Percentage of Households by Region and Type of Toilet Facility, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total

Main Type of Toilet Facility

Flush/ Pour to

Piped Sewer

System

Flush/ Pour to Septic

Tank

Flush/ Pour to

Covered Pit

Flush/ Pour to

Somewhere Else

Ventilated Improved

Pit Latrine

Pit Latrine with

Washable Slab with

Lid

Pit Latrine with

Washable Slab

without Lid

Pit Latrine without

Washable/ Soil Slab

Pit Latrine without

Slab/Open Pit

Composting/ Ecoson Latrine

Bucket

No Facility/

bush/ field/

beach

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 4.8 7.3 20.3 2.4 3.0 31.7 6.9 2.7 1.6 0.1 0.0 19.3

Male headed household 172,379 4.8 7.6 20.8 2.5 3.0 31.8 6.8 2.7 1.6 0.1 0.0 18.4

Female headed household 77,833 4.8 6.6 19.0 2.2 3.0 31.4 7.2 2.8 1.7 0.1 0.0 21.3

Rural 137,662 2.1 3.7 13.1 1.5 2.2 27.9 8.8 4.3 2.6 0.1 0.0 33.8

Urban 112,550 8.2 11.6 29.0 3.4 3.9 36.3 4.6 0.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.5

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 1.9 2.9 11.4 2.6 0.7 34.1 11.4 6.5 4.1 0.1 0.0 24.2

Kusini Unguja 25,734 0.8 2.6 9.3 1.1 0.7 57.7 9.0 5.4 2.7 0.0 - 10.7

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 8.6 12.5 27.6 3.4 3.7 35.9 4.7 1.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.8

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 1.8 3.3 16.6 1.0 2.6 13.5 6.6 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.0 52.6

Kusini Pemba 35,618 2.0 2.9 18.1 1.3 5.1 17.0 8.3 1.7 1.4 0.0 0.1 42.1


134

Figure 12.4 shows the percentage of household by type of toilet facility. Data shows use of

traditional pit latrine in Tanzania Zanzibar has decreased from 50 percent in 2002 to 43 percent in

2012 while households using flush toilets increased from 13 to 35 percent in the same period.

Figure 12.4: Percentage of Households by Type of Toilet Facility, Tanzania

Zanzibar, 2002 and 2012 Censuses

12.11 Refuse Disposal

The percentage distribution of households by type of refuse disposal is presented in Table 12.12.

The table shows that 63 percent of the private households in Tanzania Zanzibar reported other

dumping (open space, bush etc.) as the commonly used method of refuse disposal followed by

burning (17 percent). Regular collection of refuse is not common even in Urban Areas where only

24 percent of households reported it as their means of refuse disposal.


135

Table 12.12: Percentage of Households by Region and Type of Refuse Disposal, Tanzania


Region Total

Main Means of Waste Disposal

Regularly collected

Irregularly collected

Burnt Roadside dumping

Burying/ Pit

Other Dumping

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 10.9 2.2 17.1 0.5 6.4 62.9

Male headed household 172,379 10.4 2.2 17.5 0.5 6.8 62.6

Female headed household 77,833 11.9 2.3 16.3 0.5 5.4 63.5

Rural 137,662 0.1 0.2 19.5 0.3 6.1 73.9

Urban 112,550 24.1 4.7 14.3 0.8 6.7 49.5

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 0.5 0.1 26.1 0.4 6.2 66.6

Kusini Unguja 25,734 0.03 0.8 23.1 0.2 6.0 69.9

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 22.9 4.4 18.1 0.7 8.3 45.6

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 0.7 0.3 7.1 0.3 3.6 88.0

Kusini Pemba 35,618 2.5 0.7 11.7 0.6 3.5 80.9

12.12 Ownership of Assets

The question on ownership of specified assets aimed at establishing indicators for poverty

monitoring. Table 12.13 indicates that mobile phone was the most owned asset and was owned by

80 percent of all private households in Tanzania Zanzibar, followed by a house (75 percent), radio

(70 percent) and a hand hoe (54 percent). Ownership of houses, land or farms, hand hoes and

bicycles was higher in Rural than in Urban Areas. On the other hand, ownership of mobile phones,

radios, televisions, charcoal and electric irons is higher in Urban than in Rural Areas.

Ownership of essential assets was higher among male-headed than female-headed households. For

instance, the ownership of a house was higher among male-headed households (76 percent) than

female headed households (73 percent). Likewise, 43 percent of all the households owned a piece

of land/farm. The ownership of piece of land or farm was 44 percent for male-headed households

and 40 percent for female-headed households. It may further be observed that although a bicycle

was owned by 45 percent of all the households, the asset was not common among female-headed

(28 percent) compared with male-headed (52 percent) households.


136

Table 12.13: Percentage of Households by Ownership of Assets, Sex of the Household Head and


Region Total Radi

o

Telephone

(Land Line)

Mobile Phone

Bicycle

Motor vehicl

e

Motor cycle/ Vespa

Tricycle

(Guta)

Tri Motorcycle

(Bajaj)


Male headed household 172,379 73.7 2.4 84.3 52.2 5.5 12.1 0.2 0.3

Female headed household

77,833 61.4 2.3 71.3 28.0 3.1 5.6 0.1 0.3

Rural 137,662 65.8 0.9 71.4 46.8 2.0 5.8 0.1 0.1

Urban 112,550 74.9 4.1 91.2 42.1 8.1 15.3 0.3 0.6

36,736


Kusini Unguja 112,716 78.6 0.5 82.0 61.6 2.4 6.9 0.1 0.1

Mjini Magharibi 39,408 76.8 3.7 91.3 44.8 8.1 15.9 0.3 0.6

Kaskazini Pemba 35,618 57.2 1.6 70.7 47.4 1.9 5.7 0.1 0.1

Kusini Pemba 35,618 56.3 1.8 70.9 31.3 2.0 5.6 0.1 0.1

Continue…Table 12.13: Percentage of Households by Ownership of Assets, Sex of the Household

Head and Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total Television Electric

Iron Charcoal

Iron

Refrigerator/

Freezer

Cooker (Electric or

Gas)

Compute/ Laptop

Internet Facility

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 34.5 26.7 10.7 9.9 23.2 5.4 5.1

Male headed household 172,379 36.2 27.8 11.5 10.5 24.1 6.0 5.5

Female headed household 77,833 30.6 24.2 8.9 8.7 21.1 4.1 4.2

Rural 137,662 11.8 7.5 9.4 2.4 7.7 1.2 2.8

Urban 112,550 62.2 50.2 12.3 19.2 42.1 10.5 8.0

36,736

Kaskazini Unguja 25,734 8.9 5.4 6.5 1.3 5.5 0.7 1.3

Kusini Unguja 112,716 19.4 9.1 9.7 3.0 12.1 1.3 4.8

Mjini Magharibi 39,408 60.6 48.6 12.8 18.6 41.0 10.3 7.8

Kaskazini Pemba 35,618 11.6 9.1 9.2 3.5 7.9 1.6 3.2

Kusini Pemba 35,618 14.6 11.4 10.9 3.5 9.9 1.6 2.8


137

Continue…Table 12.13: Percentage of Households by Ownership of Assets, Sex of the Household

Head and Region, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total Plough Power

tiller Hand

hoe Wheel

barrow Oxen

Donkey/ Camel

House Land/ Farm


Male headed household 172,379 0.3 0.4 55.9 1.9 0.4 0.6 76.1 44.1

Female headed household 77,833 0.2 0.3 51.1 0.9 0.3 0.5 73.2 39.5

Rural 137,662 0.2 0.4 74.6 1.3 0.5 0.6 86.0 57.8

Urban 112,550 0.3 0.3 29.7 2.0 0.3 0.5 62.0 24.1

36,736


Kusini Unguja 112,716 0.2 0.4 64.0 2.3 0.2 0.5 84.2 59.8

Mjini Magharibi 39,408 0.4 0.3 30.2 2.2 0.3 0.5 63.5 21.8

Kaskazini Pemba 35,618 0.2 0.5 79.7 0.9 0.7 0.6 84.7 63.3

Kusini Pemba 35,618 0.1 0.4 83.8 1.1 0.5 0.5 82.8 66.4

12.13 Social Security Schemes

A social security fund provides members with long and short terms financial security which can be

used as “social safety net” especially at older ages. Hence, households with members in any of the

available security funds are likely to be more socially secured than those without.

According to the 2012 PHC, 18 percent of all households in Tanzania Zanzibar had at least one

member in a social security scheme. Zanzibar Social Security Fund (ZSSF) was the most popular

social security schemes with 14 percent of households reporting to have at least one member of its

household registered in that scheme. Regions with the highest proportion of its households

registered in social security schemes are; Mjini Magharibi (25 percent) and Kusini Pemba (15

percent). Kaskazini Pemba (9 percent) and Kaskazini Unguja (7 percent) had the lowest proportion

of its household members registered with the ZSSF.


138

Table 12.14: Percentage of Households by Region and Membership of Social Security Scheme,


Region Total

Social Security Scheme

NSSF ZSSF PPF PSPF GEPF LAPF NHF/CHF Other Fund


Rural 11.6 0.6 8.7 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.05 0.2 1.4

Urban 26.1 2.0 19.7 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.06 0.9 1.1


Kusini Unguja 14.4 0.7 10.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 2.0

Mjini Magharibi 24.9 1.9 18.9 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.05 0.9 0.9

Kaskazini Pemba 11.8 0.6 8.7 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.04 0.3 1.2

Kusini Pemba 15.4 0.7 11.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.03 0.3 2.1


139

Chapter Thirteen

Agriculture and Livestock

13.0 Introduction

The 2012 PHC collected data on agriculture for the purpose of obtaining a sampling frame that can

be used in the future for conducting agriculture sample censuses and surveys. Information collected

therefore was primarily aimed at determining the number of households involved in farming of

major crops (such as maize, paddy, cassava and bananas), livestock keeping (including cattle, goats

and sheep), poultry and fish farming. Planners, policy makers, researchers and others involved in

the agricultural sector are expected to use the information obtained from the Census to plan and

conduct surveys aimed at improving the prevailing conditions in agricultural households in the

country.

13.1 Agricultural Households

Table 13.1 presents the number of households engaged in agriculture during 2011/12 agricultural

year by region and rural and urban. A total of 121,748 out of 250,212 households (49 percent) were

engaged in agricultural farming. Most of these households were in Kusini Pemba 28,252

households (23.2 percent). Agriculture is also an economic activity in Urban Areas whereby 21

percent of households were involved in agricultural activities in 2011/12 agricultural year.

Table 13.1 further presents the proportion of households involved in agriculture by region. The data

shows percentage of population engaged in agricultural ranged from 23 percent in Mjini Magharibi

to 79 percent in Kusini Pemba.

Table 13. 1: Total Number of Households Operating any Land for Agriculture by Region, Rural and

Urban Areas during 2011/12 Agriculture Year, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region

Total

Number of

Households

Households Engaged in Agriculture

Percentage of Households Engaged in Agriculture

Total Rural Urban

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 121,748 48.7 78.6 21.4

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 21,327 58.1 95.8 4.2

Kusini Unguja 25,734 19,798 76.9 93.2 6.8

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 26,041 23.1 36.9 63.1

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 26,330 66.8 87.3 12.7

Kusini Pemba 35,618 28,252 79.3 85.8 14.2


140

Figure 13. 1: Percentage of Households Engaged in Agriculture by Rural

and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Table 13.2 shows major food crops grown by households in Tanzania Zanzibar. They include

cassava (88,690 households, 44.3 percent) mostly in Rural Areas. Other crops grown include

banana (97,423 households, 39 percent) and maize (30,899 households, 12.3 percent).

Table 13. 2: Total Number of Households Engaged in Agricultural Activities by Rural and Urban

Areas during 2011/12 Agricultural Year, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Characteristics Household Engaged in Agriculture

Total Rural Urban

Tanzania Zanzibar Households 250,212 137,662 112,550

Household Engaged in Agriculture 121,748 95,730 26,018

Crop types

Household Grows Maize 30,899 27,345 3,554

Household Grows Paddy 65,889 58,668 7,221

Household Grows Cassava 110,864 88,690 22,174

Household Grows Banana 97,423 77,404 20,019

Household Grows Other Crops 66,485 54,005 12,480

Note: A household could grow more than one type of crop, hence” total” number of households

engaged in agriculture exceeds total number of private households in the country .


141

13.2 Livestock and Poultry

The livestock sector including poultry plays a significant role in the economy of agricultural

households in Tanzania Zanzibar. Livestock generate considerable amount of income and

determine the household economic and social status in many communities. The 2012 PHC

collected information on number of households involved in livestock keeping. The main types of

livestock and poultry covered in the 2012 PHC are cattle, goats, sheep and chicken.

Table 13.3 shows that out of 250,212 households in Tanzania Zanzibar, 33 percent of households

(81,832 households) were keeping at least one type of livestock on the Census night. Kusini Unguja

had the highest proportion (56.4 percent) of households keeping livestock.

Livestock keeping is basically a rural activity and the results reveal that more than 80 percent of

households keeping livestock in Tanzania Zanzibar were in Rural Areas. A similar pattern was

observed in four regions except Mjini Magharibi region with a high proportion (57 percent) of

household keeping livestock in Urban Areas.

Table 13.3: Distribution of Households Keeping Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Poultry by Region, Rural

and Urban Areas during 2011/12 Agriculture Year, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region

Total

Number of

Households

Total Households that Reared

Livestock

Percentage of Households that Kept

Livestock

Total Rural Urban

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 81,832 32.7 80.8 19.2

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 13,121 35.7 96.1 3.9

Kusini Unguja 25,734 14,524 56.4 93.3 6.7

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 17,734 15.7 43.1 56.9

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 17,982 45.6 89.7 10.3

Kusini Pemba 35,618 18,471 51.9 87.7 12.3


142

Figure 13. 2: Percentage Distribution of Households Engaged in Rearing

Livestock by Rural and Urban Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar,

2012 Census

Table 13.4 presents the number of households that keep cattle, sheep, goats or poultry by region

and rural-urban during the 2011/12 agricultural year in Tanzania Zanzibar. The table shows that the

majority of households keeping livestock (81,832 households) were also engaged in poultry

keeping (73,592 households). Sheep keeping is insignificant in Tanzania Zanzibar as only 286

households engaged in sheep keeping. This is also confirmed in National Sample Census of

Agriculture 2007/2008 where only 210 households were engaged in sheep keeping (Tanzania

Agriculture Sample Census - 2007/08).


143

Table 13.4: Total Number of Households Keeping Livestock by Rural and Urban Areas during

2011/12 Agricultural Year, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Characteristics Households Engaged in Keeping Livestock

Total Rural Urban

Tanzania Zanzibar Households 250,212 137,662 112,550

Engaged in Keeping Livestock 81,832 66,136 15,696

Type of Livestock

Cattle 30,456 26,948 3,508

Goats 15,794 13,494 2,300

Sheep 286 187 99

Poultry 73,592 59,649 13,943

Note: A household could keep more than one type of livestock; hence “total” number of households engaged

in livestock keeping exceeds total number of private households in the country.

Table 13.5 presents the total number of cattle, goats, sheep and poultry owned as of 26th

August

2012 by livestock keeping households by region and household headship. Tanzania Zanzibar had a

total of 137,906 cattle, out of which 123,165 cattle (89 percent) were kept by male headed

households and 14,741 (11 percent) were kept by female headed households.

Moreover, the total number of sheep in Tanzania Zanzibar on the Census day was 1,350, of which

87 percent (1,170 sheep) were kept by male headed households and 13 percent (180 sheep) were

kept by female headed households.

The table further reveals that, 79 percent of goats (52,137) in Tanzania Zanzibar were kept by male

headed households, while 21 percent of goats were kept by female headed households. Out of the

802,936 poultry owned by households, 80 percent (641,206 poultry) were kept in male headed

household and remaining 20 percent (161,730 poultry) were kept in female headed household. In

general male headed households kept more livestock than female headed households.

In Tanzania Zanzibar, Kaskazini Pemba had largest number of cattle (46,876), Kusini Unguja had

the largest number of goats (18,190) and Mjini Magharibi had the largest number of sheep (445)

and poultry (272,889). Mjini Magharibi had the smallest number of cattle (20,458), Kaskazini

Pemba had the smallest number of both goats (9,259) and sheep (193) and Kaskazini Unguja had

the lowest number of Poultry (114,045).


144

Table 13. 5: Total Number of Cattle, Goats, Sheep and Poultry Owned by Region and Male/Female

headed household as of 26th August 2012, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Tanzania Zanzibar Male Headed household Female Headed Household

Cattle Goats Sheep Poultry Cattle Goats Sheep Poultry Cattle Goats Sheep Poultry

Tanzania Zanzibar 137,906 65,825 1,350 802,936 123,165 52,137 1,170 641,206 14,741 13,688 180 161,730

Kaskazini Unguja 24,975 10,394 273 114,045 23,104 8,515 249 91,846 1,871 1,879 24 22,199

Kusini Unguja 23,805 18,190 221 150,167 20,884 14,240 199 118,930 2,921 3,950 22 31,237

Mjini Magharibi 20,458 14,700 445 272,889 17,306 11,138 363 225,017 3,152 3,562 82 47,872

Kaskazini Pemba 46,876 9,259 193 125,254 43,194 7,474 179 97,471 3,682 1,785 14 27,783

Kusini Pemba 21,792 13,282 218 140,581 18,677 10,770 180 107,942 3,115 2,512 38 32,639

Table 13.6 shows the distribution of livestock and poultry by Rural and Urban Areas as of the

Census night. Results reveal that about 90 percent of the cattle kept in Tanzania Zanzibar (122,938)

are found in Rural Areas. The corresponding percentages for goats, sheep and poultry are; goats (82

percent), sheep (64 percent) and poultry (71 percent).

Table 13. 6: Total Number of Cattle, Sheep, Goats and Chicken Owned by Region and Rural/Urban

as of 26th August 2012, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Tanzania Zanzibar Rural Urban

Cattle Goats Sheep Poultry Cattle Goats Sheep Poultry Cattle Goats Sheep Poultry

Tanzania Zanzibar 137,906 65,825 1,350 802,936 122,938 54,122 867 572,511 14,968 11,703 483 230,425

Kaskazini Unguja 24,975 10,394 273 114,045 24,558 10,019 250 109,469 417 375 23 4,576

Kusini Unguja 23,805 18,190 221 150,167 22,376 16,828 219 142,177 1,429 1,362 2 7,990

Mjini Magharibi 20,458 14,700 445 272,889 10,303 7,332 96 90,763 10,155 7,368 349 182,126

Kaskazini Pemba 46,876 9,259 193 125,254 45,433 8,083 168 109,510 1,443 1,176 25 15,744

Kusini Pemba 21,792 13,282 218 140,581 20,268 11,860 134 120,592 1,524 1,422 84 19,989


145

13.3 Fish Farming

Fish farming, as an economic activity, is not common in Tanzania Zanzibar. Table 13.7 presents

the total number of households involved in fish farming by rural and Urban Areas in 2012. Results

show that out of 250,212 household in Tanzania Zanzibar only 997 households (0.4 percent) were

engaged in fish farming. Fish farming is mostly practiced more in Rural Areas than in Urban Areas.

The table also shows that, 698 households (70 percent) were involved in fish farming in Rural

Areas and 299 households (30 percent) were in Urban Areas.

Table 13. 7: Distribution of Households Involved in Fish Farming by Region, Rural and Urban

Areas, Tanzania Zanzibar, 2012 Census

Region Total

Number of Households

Households Involved in Fish Farming

Percentage of Households Engaged in Fish Farming

Total Rural Urban

Tanzania Zanzibar 250,212 997 0.4 69.5 30.5

Kaskazini Unguja 36,736 130 0.4 86.9 13.1

Kusini Unguja 25,734 104 0.4 95.2 4.8

Mjini Magharibi 112,716 272 0.2 21.3 78.7

Kaskazini Pemba 39,408 236 0.6 88.1 11.9

Kusini Pemba 35,618 255 0.7 84.3 15.7


146

References

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2003. The 2002 Population and Housing Census, General

Report, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2003. The 2002 Population and Housing Census, Age and Sex

Distribution Report, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2004. The 2002 Population and Housing Census, National

Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2006. The 2002 Population and Housing Census, Analytical

Report, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2008. The 2012 Population and Housing Census Management

and Implementation Strategy, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2013. The 2012 Population and Housing Census, Population

Distribution by Administrative Areas (Volume I), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), 2013. The 2012 Population and Housing Census, Population

Distribution by Age and Sex (Volume II), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Population Reference Bureau, 2011. PRB’s Population Handbook, (Sixth Edition), Washington

DC, USA

Population Reference Bureau, 2012. 2012 WORLD POPULATION Data Sheet, Washington DC,

USA

United Nations, 2008. Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses,

New York, USA


Annex 1

147

Annexes: Questionnaires

Annex 1: Short Questionnaire

PHCF 2

FORM NO. OF

Region ……………… District……………….. Ward/Shehia………........... Village/Street …….................. EA

Please state the names of

all persons who spent the

census night, that is Sunday

26th August, 2012 in your

household, starting with the

name of the head of

household

(01) (02) 06 (09) (10) (11)

1

2

If an extra Questionnaire has been used put an "X" in the box

(08)

Does (NAME) have difficulty

remembering or concentrating?

No Difficulty = 1

Some Difficulty = 2

A lot of Difficulty = 3

Unable to Remember = 4

Not Applicable = 5

(07)

REMEMBERING

(03) (04) (05)

Does [NAME] have

difficulty walking or

climbing steps?

No Difficulty = 1

Some Difficulty = 2


Unable to Walk = 4

Not Applicable = 5

WALKINGHEARINGALBINISMAGE

Does (NAME) have

difficulty hearing, even if

using a hearing aid?

No Difficulty = 1

Some Difficulty = 2


Unable to Hear = 4

Not Applicable = 5

Does (NAME) have

difficulty seeing, even if

wearing glasses?

No Difficulty = 1

Some Difficulty = 2


Unable to See = 4

Not Applicable = 5

STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL

B: ALL PERSONS

No. HOUSEHOLD

MEMBERS

RELATIONSHIP TO

THE HEAD OF

HOUSEHOLD

SEX

Is [NAME] an

albino?

Yes = 1

No = 2

What is the relationship of

[NAME] to the head of

the household?

Head = 1

Spouse = 2

Son/Daughter = 3

Parent = 4

Grand Child = 5

Other Relative = 6

Not Related = 7

SEEING

Is [NAME] a

male or a

female?

MALE = 1

FEMALE = 2

HOUSEHOLD NO.

A: IDENTIFICATION

How old is [NAME]?

WRITE AND

SHADE AGE IN

COMPLETE

YEARS.

IF UNDER ONE

YEAR WRITE "00"

FOR 97 YEARS

AND ABOVE

WRITE '97'

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

2012 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS

SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE

DISABILITY


with self-care, such as washing

all over or dressing?

No Difficulty = 1

Some Difficulty = 2


Unable to Care = 4

Not Applicable = 5

SELF-CARE


Annex 1

148

(01)

Ye

s

No

Cle

ft P

ala

te

Spin

al befida

Spin

al cord

inju

ries

Menta

l health

Psoriasis

1 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

2 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

3 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

6 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

7 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

B: ALL PERSONS

What is current marital

status of [NAME]?

READ ALL

RESPONSES TO

RESPONDENT

Never Married = 1

Married = 2

Living together = 3

Divorced = 4

Separated = 5

Widowed = 6

Not Stated = 7

[NAME] is a citizen of which

country?

IF TANZANIAN, WRITE CODE

1 IN THE BOX ON THE LEFT

WRITE CODE OF THE

COUNTRY IN THE TWO

BOXES ON THE RIGHT.

FOR DUAL CITIZENSHIP,

WRITE CODE "98"

CODES ARE ON A SEPARATE

SHEET

Which region/country does

[NAME] usually live?

WRITE AND SHADE CODE

FOR THE REGION AND

DISTRICT IF LIVING IN

TANZANIA, OR THE

COUNTRY CODE

FOLLOWED BY "44" IF

LIVING OUTSIDE

TANZANIA.

Where do you spend most of your time

during a day?

WRITE AND SHADE REGION

AND DISTRICT CODES IF

SPENDS MOST OF THE DAY

TIME IN TANZANIA OR THE

COUNTRY CODE FOLLOWED BY

"444" IF OUTSIDE TANZANIA

CODES FOR THE 5th BOX

Rural =1

Regional /District Headquarters =2

Other Urban= 3

PLACE OF RESIDENCE BIRTH CERTIFICATENo. WHERE RESPONDENT SPENDS

MOST OF THE DAY TIME

Does (NAME) has birth

certificate/notification?

Yes birth certificate= 1

Yes birth notification= 2

No = 3

Don't Know = 4

DISABILITY

OTHER DISABILITIES

11A)

Does, [NAME] have other type of disabilities/difficulties

among the following?

READ ALL TYPES OF DISABILITIES/DIFFICULTIES

TO RESPONDENT.

(12) (13) (14) (15)

MARITAL STATUS CITIZENSHIP

(16)

IF ANSWER IS NO, GO

TO QUESTION 12MULTIPLE RESPONSE IS ALLOWED


Annex 1

149

No.

(01) (17) (18)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

C: EDUCATION: ALL PERSONS AGED 4 YEARS AND ABOVE

(19)

LITERACY EDUCATION ATTAINMENT LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Can [NAME] read and write

a short sentence in Kiswahili,

English, Kiswahili and English

or any other language?

Kiswahili = 1

English = 2

Kiswahili and English = 3

Other Languages = 4

Illiterate = 5

Are you/Is [NAME] currently attending, partially

attended, completed or never attended school?

Now attending =1

Partially attended =2

Completed =3

Never attended =4

IF THE ANSWER IS 'NEVER ATTENDED' SKIP TO

SECTION D

What level of education has [NAME]

completed or is currently attending?

WRITE AND SHADE THE

APPROPRIATE CODE.

CODES ARE IN SEPARATE

HANDBOOK


Annex 1

150

Yes = 1

No = 2

IF THE ANSWER IS YES, RECORD THE NUMBER OF DEATHS

(21) (22) (24) (25) (26) (27)

1

2

3

4

5

6

If number of death is more than 8, use an extra questionnaire

What was the cause

of death?

Road Accident = 1

Other Injuries = 2

Suicide = 3

Violence = 4

Sickness/Disease = 5

Martenal Death = 6

Other = 7

How old was the deceased at the

time of death?

WRITE AGE IN COMPLETED

YEARS. IF UNDER ONE YEAR

WRITE "00" IF IS 97 YEARS

OR ABOVE WRITE '97'

D: GENERAL AND MATERNAL DEATHS

IF THE ANSWER IS NO, SKIP TO SECTION E

(23)

PLEASE RECORD INFORMATION ON DEATHS THAT OCCURRED IN THE HOUSEHOLD DURING THE LAST 12 MONTHS.

DO NOT FORGET CHILDHOOD MORTALITY

Did the death occur during

pregnancy?

Yes = 1

No = 2

IF THE ANSWER IS YES,

SKIP TO SECTION E


childbirth

Yes = 1

No = 2

IF THE ANSWER IS YES

SKIP TO SECTION E


the 6 weeks period following

the end of pregnancy,

irrespective of the way the

pregnancy ended?

Yes = 1

No = 2

IF DEATH IS OF WOMAN AGED BETWEEN 12 AND 49 YEARS

(20) Was there any death which occurred in this household during the last 12 months?

Dea

th S

eria

l N

um

ber

Was the

deceased a male

or a female?

Male =1

Female =2


Annex 1

151

Yes No

Maize 1 2 Cattle

Paddy 1 2 Goats

Cassava 1 2 Sheeps

Banana 1 2 Poultry

Other Crops 1 2

Has/is any member of this

household operated/operating

any land for agricultural

purposes during 2011/12

agricultural year?

Yes = 1

No = 2

IF THE ANSWER IS NO,

SKIP TO QUESTION 30

Which of the following crops did the

household grow?

Was any member of this

household engaged in raising

cattle, goats, sheep or poultry

up to the census night?

Yes = 1

No = 2


SKIP TO QUESTION 32

How many cattle, goats or sheep were

available during the Census night?

IF NO, WRITE AND SHADE CODE

"00000"

E: AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK

Is there any member of this

household who is currently

engaged in fish farming?

Yes = 1

No = 2

AGRICULTURE LIVESTOCK FISH FARMING

(28) (29) (30) (31) (32)


Annex 1

152

33) Is there any person who was a member of this household currently living outside Tanzania?

Yes = 1

No = 2

34) Write the number of males and females living outside Tanzania?

CODES ARE IN SEPARATE HANDBOOK

1st

HH Member 6th

HH Member

2nd

HH Member 7th

HH Member

3rd

HH Member 8th

HH Member

4th

HH Member 9th

HH Member

5th

HH Member 10th

HH Member

IF THE NUMBER OF DIASPORA IS MORE THAN 10, USE EXTRA QUESTIONNAIRE

1st

HH Member 6th

HH Member

2nd

HH Member 7th

HH Member

3rd

HH Member 8th

HH Member

4th

HH Member 9th

HH Member

5th

HH Member 10th

HH Member

36) Have you or anyone in this household received remitance in the form of cash or in kind from them

during the last 12 months? Yes =1, No =2

F

IF THE ANSWER IS NO, SKIP TO SECTION G

F: CITIZENS IN DIASPORA

M

35) In which country are they living?


Annex 1

153

37) Is there a person in this household who is a member of the following social security funds?

Yes = 1

No = 2

Fund

National Social Security Fund (NSSF) =1

Zanzibar Social Security Fund (ZSSF) =2

Parastatal Pension Fund (PPF) =3

Public Service Pension Fund (PSPF) =4

Government Employee Provident Fund (GEPF) =5

Local Authority Pension Fund (LAPF) =6

National Health Insurance Fund/Community Health Fund (NHIF/CHF) =7

Other Funds =8

H: TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE HOUSEHOLD

Males

Females

Total

DATE HOUSEHOLD ENUMERATED

NAME OF SUPERVISOR

DATE OF EDITING QUESTIONNAIRE

IF THE ANSWER IS NO, GO TO SECTION H, MULTIPLE RESPONSE IS ALLOWED

Day Month

G: SOCIAL SECURITY FUNDS

Day Month


Annex 2

154

Annex 2: Long Questionnaire

FO RM NO . O F

A: IDENTIFICATION

Region ……………………… District………………..… Ward/Shehia……………..………… Village/Street ………………. EA .............................. HOUSEHOLD NO.

Please state the

names of all

persons who spent

the census night,

that is Sunday 26th

August, 2012 in

your household,

starting with the

name of the head

of household

(01) (02) '(06) (09) (10)

1

2

If an extra Questionnaire has been used put an "X" in the box


remembering or

concentrating?

No Difficulty = 1

Some Difficulty = 2


Unable to Remember = 4

Not Applicable = 5

Does (NAME) have

difficulty with self-care,

such as washing all over

or dressing?

No Difficulty = 1

Some Difficulty = 2


Unable to Care = 4

Not Applicable = 5

(03) (04) (05) (07) (08) (11)

WALKING REMEMBERING SELFCARE

What is the

relationship of

[NAME] to the head

of the household?

Head = 1

Spouse = 2

Son/Daughter = 3

Parent = 4

Grand Child = 5

Other Relative = 6

Not Related = 7

Is [NAME]

a male or a

female?

Male = 1

Female = 2

How old is [NAME]?

WRITE AND

SHADE AGE IN

COMPLETE

YEARS.

IF UNDER ONE

YEAR WRITE "00"

FOR 97 YEARS

AND ABOVE

WRITE '97'

Is [NAME] an

albino?

Yes = 1

No = 2

Does (NAME) have

difficulty seeing,

even if wearing

glasses?

No Difficulty = 1

Some Difficulty = 2

A lot of Difficulty =

3

Unable to See = 4

Not Applicable = 5

Does (NAME) have

difficulty hearing,

even if using a

hearing aid?

No Difficulty = 1

Some Difficulty = 2


3

Unable to Hear = 4

Not Applicable = 5

Does [NAME]

have difficulty

walking or climbing

steps?

No Difficulty = 1

Some Difficulty = 2


3

Unable to Walk = 4

Not Applicable = 5

B: ALL PERSONS

No .

HOUSEHOLD

MEMBERS

RELATIONSHIP

TO THE HEAD

OF HOUSEHOLD

SEX AGE

DISABILITY

ALBINISM SEEING HEARING

PHCF 3

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

2012 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL

LONG QUESTIONNAIRE


Annex 2

155

B: ALL PERSONS

(01)

Ye

s

No

Cle

ft P

ala

te

Spin

al befida

Spin

al cord

inju

ries

Menta

l health

Psoriasis

1 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

2 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

3 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

6 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

7 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

8 1 2 1 2 3 4 5

No.DISABILITY

OTHER DISABILITIES

11A)

Does, [NAME] have other type of disabilities/difficulties

among the following?

READ ALL TYPES OF DISABILITIES/DIFFICULTIES

TO RESPONDENT.

IF ANSWER IS NO, GO

TO QUESTION 12MULTIPLE RESPONSE IS ALLOWED

What is current marital

status of [NAME]?

READ ALL

RESPONSES TO

RESPONDENT

Never Married = 1

Married = 2

Living together = 3

Divorced = 4

Separated = 5

Widowed = 6

Not Stated = 7

[NAME] is a citizen of which

country?

IF TANZANIAN, WRITE

CODE 1 IN THE BOX ON

THE LEFT

WRITE CODE OF THE

COUNTRY IN THE TWO

BOXES ON THE RIGHT.

FOR DUAL CITIZENSHIP,

WRITE CODE "98"

CODES ARE ON A

SEPARATE SHEET

MARITAL STATUS CITIZENSHIP

(12) (13)


Annex 2

156

(15) (18) (20) (21)

Father Mother

1

2

3

4

5

6

C: EDUCATION: ALL PERSONS AGED 4 YEARS AND

ABOVE

LITERACYEDUCATION

ATTAINMENT

LEVEL OF

EDUCATION

Which region/country

does [NAME] usually

live?

WRITE AND SHADE

CODE FOR THE

REGION AND

DISTRICT IF LIVING

IN TANZANIA, OR

THE COUNTRY

CODE FOLLOWED

BY "44" IF LIVING

OUTSIDE

TANZANIA.

CODES ARE IN

SEPARATE

HANDBOOK

B: ALL PERSONS

PLACE OF

RESIDENCENo.

(22)(16)

PLACE OF

RESIDENCE IN 2011

Where was [NAME] living

in 2011?

WRITE AND SHADE

CODE FOR THE

REGION AND

DISTRICT IF LIVING IN

THE COUNTRY, OR

THE COUNTRY CODE

FOLLOWED BY "44" IF

LIVING OUTSIDE

TANZANIA.

FOR CHILDREN AGED

'00' IN QUESTION 05

WRITE CODE '9798'

PLACE OF BIRTH

In which region/country

was [NAME] born?

WRITE CODE FOR THE

REGION AND

DISTRICT IF BORN IN

THE COUNTRY, OR

THE COUNTRY CODE

FOLLOWED BY "44" IF

BORN OUTSIDE

TANZANIA.

CODES ARE IN

SEPARATE

HANDBOOK

Is [NAME]'s

Father alive?

Is [NAME]'s

Mother alive?

Yes = 1

No = 2

Don't Know = 3

What level of

education has

[NAME]

completed or is

currently

attending?

WRITE AND

SHADE THE

APPROPRIAT

E CODE.

CODES ARE

IN SEPARATE

HANDBOOK

(14) (19)(17)

Are you/is [NAME]

currently attending,

partially attended,

completed or never

attended school?

Now attending =1

Partially attended =2

Completed =3

Never attended =4

IF THE ANSWER IS

'NEVER

ATTENDED' SKIP

TO SECTION D

BIRTH CERTIFICATE

Does (NAME) has birth

certificate/notification?

Yes birth certificate= 1

Yes birth notification= 2

No = 3

Don't Know = 4

Can [NAME] read

and write a short

sentence in Kiswahili,

English, Kiswahili and

English or any other

language?

Kiswahili = 1

English = 2

Kiswahili and English =

3

Other Languages = 4

Illiterate = 5

WHERE

RESPONDENT

SPENDS MOST OF

Where do you spend most

of your time during the

day?

WRITE AND SHADE

REGION AND

DISTRICT CODES IF

SPENDS MOST OF

THE DAY TIME IN

TANZANIA OR THE

COUNTRY CODE

FOLLOWED BY "444"

IF OUTSIDE

TANZANIA. CODES

ARE IN SEPARATE

HANDBOOK

CODES FOR THE 5th

BOX

Rural =1

Regional /District

Headquarters =2

Other Urban= 3

SURVIVAL OF

PARENTS


Annex 2

157

(25)

M F M F

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

(27)(23) (24)

No.

In the last 12 months, did

[NAME] mainly….

Worked for payment,

worked without payment,

worked for own benefit, not

worked but actively seeking

for work, available for work

but not actively seeking for

work, household chores (e.g.

cooking), full time student or

unable to work/sick/too

old/disable

WRITE AND SHADE THE

APPROPRIATE CODE.

CODES ARE IN

SEPARATE HANDBOOK

In the week preceding

census‟ night, did [NAME]

mainly….

Worked for payment,

worked without payment,

worked for own benefit,

not worked but actively

seeking for work, available

for work but not actively

seeking for work,

household chores (e.g.

cooking), full time student

or unable to work/sick/too

old/disable

WRITE AND SHADE

THE APPROPRIATE

CODE. IF CODE

GREATER THAN '3'

SKIP TO SECTION E

CODES ARE IN

SEPARATE

HANDBOOK

Was [NAME] an

employer, employee,

own account worker

non-agriculture, own

account worker

agriculture, contributing

family worker, or an

apprentice in the week

preceding the census'

night?

WRITE AND SHADE

THE APPROPRIATE

CODE.

CODES ARE IN

SEPARATE

HANDBOOK

How many

male/female

children were

born alive to

[NAME] and are

now living

elsewhere?

IF SHE HAS

NO CHILDREN

LIVING

ELSEWHERE

WRITE AND

SHADE ''00''

How many

male/female

children were

born alive to

[NAME] and are

now

unfortunately

dead?

IF NONE OF

HER

CHILDREN

HAS DIED

WRITE AND

SHADE ''00''

How many of the

male/female children

who were born alive

to [NAME] in the last

12 months are still

alive?

IF THERE IS NO

CHILD SURVIVING

WRITE AND

SHADE ''0''

CHILDREN EVER BORN

INDUSTRY

What is the main

activity at

[NAME'S] place of

work for the week

preceding the

census' night?

WRITE AND

SHADE THE

APPROPRIATE

CODE.

CODES ARE IN

SEPARATE

HANDBOOK

How many


were born alive to

[NAME] in the last 12

months (i.e. 26 August

2011 - 25 August

2012)?

IF THERE IS NO

CHILD BORN

ALIVE IN THE

LAST 12 MONTHS

WRITE AND

SHADE ''0''. DON‟T

ASK FEMALES

AGED 50 YEARS

AND ABOVE

(32)(28)

D: ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: ALL PERSONS AGED 5 YEARS AND ABOVE

(26)

What type of work

did [NAME] do in

the week preceding

the census' night?

WRITE AND

SHADE THE

APPROPRIATE

CODE.

CODES ARE IN

SEPARATE

HANDBOOK

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OCCUPATION EMPLOYMENT

STATUS

E: FEMALES AGED 12 YEARS AND ABOVE

How many


were born alive to

[NAME] and are

now living with

you/her in this

household?

IF SHE IS NOT

LIVING WITH

ANY OF HER

CHILDREN

WRITE AND

SHADE ''00''

(31)

FERTILITY IN LAST 12 MONTHS

FOR WOMEN AGED 12 TO 49 YEARS

M F

(29) (30)

M F M F


Annex 2

158

F: GENERAL AND MATERNAL DEATHS IN THE HOUSEHOLD

IF THE ANSWER IS NO, SKIP TO SECTION G

RECORD THE NUMBER OF DEATHS

(34) (37)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

If number of death is more than 8, use an extra questionnaire

PLEASE RECORD INFORMATION ON DEATHS THAT OCCURRED IN THE HOUSEHOLD DURING THE LAST 12 MONTHS. DO NOT FORGET CHILDHOOD

MORTALITY

Did the death occur during pregnancy?

Yes = 1

No = 2

IF THE ANSWER IS YES SKIP TO

SECTION G


childbirth?

Yes = 1

No = 2

IF THE ANSWER IS YES

SKIP TO SECTION G


the 6 weeks period following

the end of pregnancy,

irrespective of the way the

pregnancy ended?

Yes = 1

No = 2

IF DEATH IS OF A WOMAN AGED 12 TO 49 YEARS

Dea

th S

eria

l N

um

ber

Was the deceased a

male or a female?

Male =1

Female =2

(40)(35)

What was the cause of

death?

Road Accident = 1

Other Injuries = 2

Suicide = 3

Domestic Violence = 4

Sickness/Disease = 5

Martenal Death = 6

Other = 7

(33) Was there any death which occurred in this household during the last 12 months? YES=1 NO=2

(38) (39)

How old was the deceased at the

time of death?

WRITE AGE IN COMPLETED

YEARS. IF UNDER ONE YEAR

WRITE "00" IF 97 YEARS OR

ABOVE WRITE '97'

(36)


Annex 2

159

Owned by household=1

Title deed= 1

Iron sheets =1

Cement =1

Stones =1

Lived in without paying any rent=2

Residential Licence= 2

Tiles =2

Ceramic tiles =2

Cement bricks =2

Rented privately =3 Offer = 3 Concrete =3 Parquet or Polished wood =3 Sundried bricks =3

Rented by employer =4 Customary ownership = 4 Asbestos =4 Terazzo =4 Baked bricks =4

Rented by government at a subsidized rent =5 Contract = 5 Grass/Leaves =5 Vinyl or Asphalt strips =5 Timber =5

Owned by Employer - Free of charge =6 Registration (Zanzibar) = 6 Mud and Leaves =6 Wood Planks =6 Timber ana Sheets =6

Owned by Employer - With rent =7 No legal right = 7 Plastics/Box =7 Palm/Bamboo =7 Poles and Mud =7

Tent =8 Earth/Sand =8 Grass =8

Dung =9 Tent =9

1-Modern floor

0-Non modern floor

(43)

What is the ownership status of the main dwelling used

by the household?

IF THE ANSWER IS CODE 2 OR ABOVE, SKIP

TO QUESTION 43

(42)

What legal right do you have

over the ownership of this land

where your house is built?

(45)

What are the main roofing

materials used for the

main building of this

household?

(44)

G: HOUSING CONDITIONS AND OWNERSHIP OF ASSETS

What are the main wall

materials used for the main

building of this household?

What are the main flooring materials

used for the main building of this

household?

(41)


Annex 2

160

(47)

Piped water into dwelling =01

Electricity (TANESCO/ZECO) =01

Electricity (TANESCO/ZECO) =01

Piped water in the yard/plot =02

Solar =02

Solar =02

Public tap/standpipe =03 Generator/private sources =03 Generator (private source) =03

Tubewell/borehole =04 Cooking Gas =04 Gas (Industrial) =04

Protected dug well =05 Gas (Biogas) =05 Gas (Biogas) =05

Unprotected dug well =06 Electricity (Wind) =06 Electricity (Wind) =06

Protected spring =07 Paraffin =07 Acetylene lamp =07

Unprotected spring =08 Coal =08 Kerosene (lantern/chimney) =08

Rainwater collection =09 Charcoal =09 Kerosene (Wick lamps) =09

Bottled water =10 Firewood =10 Candles =10

Cart with small tank/drum =11 Wood/ residuals =11 Firewood =11

Tanker truck =12 Animal residuals =12 Torch/Rechargeable lamps =12

Surface water (river, dam, lake, pond,

stream,charco, canal, irrigation channels)

=13 Not Applicable =13

Improved cooking fuel Have electricityNon improved cooking fuel Have no electricity

Improved source

Non improved source

What is the main source of drinking water for

this household?

(49)(48)

What is the main source of energy used by

this household for cooking?

What is the main source of energy used by

this household for lighting?

How many rooms are available

for sleeping in this household?

G: HOUSING CONDITIONS AND OWNERSHIP OF ASSETS

RECORD NUMBER OF

ROOMS FOR

SLEEPING

(46)


Annex 2

161

YES NO

Flush/pour flush to piped sewer system =01 Regularly collected =1 Radio 1 2

Flush/pour flush to septic tank =02 Irregularly collected =2 Telephone (Land Line) 1 2

Flush/pour flush to covered pit =03 Burnt =3 Mobile Phone 1 2

Flush/pour flush to somewhere else =04 Roadside dumping =4 Bicycle 1 2

Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine =05 Burying/pit =5 Motor vehicle 1 2

Pit latrine with washable slab and with lid =06 Other dumping =6 Motorcycle/Vespa 1 2

Pit latrine with washable slab without lid =07 Tricycle (Guta) 1 2

Pit latrine with not-washable/ soil slab =08 Tri motorcycle (Bajaj) 1 2

Pit latrine without slab/ open pit =09 Television 1 2

Composting/ ecosan latrine =10 Electric Iron 1 2

Bucket =11 Charcoal Iron 1 2

No facility/bush/field/ beach =12 Cooker (Electric or Gas) 1 2

Refrigerator/Freezer 1 2

Improved 1 Computer /Laptop 1 2

Non improved 0 Internet Facility 1 2

Plough 1 2

Regarded as sanitation Power tiller 1 2

Hand hoe 1 2

Wheelbarrow 1 2

Oxen 1 2

Donkey/Camel 1 2

House 1 2

Land/Farm 1 21 At least two items out of the listed assets

0 Less than two items from the listed assets

G: HOUSING CONDITIONS

Does your household have/own the following assets?

FOR "YES" ANSWER, THESE ASSETS SHOULD

BE IN WORKING CONDITION. SHADE THE

APPROPRIATE ANSWER FOR EACH ITEM

(52)(51)(50)

What is the main type of toilet facility used by this

household?

How is the household refuse

disposed of?


Annex 2

162

Yes No

Maize 1 2

Paddy 1 2

Cassava 1 2

Banana 1 2

Other Crops 1 2

Cattle

GoatsSheepPoultry

LIVESTOCKAGRICULTURE

(54) (55) (56)

How many cattle, goats or sheep

were available during the Census

night?

IF NO, WRITE AND SHADE

CODE "00000"

Is there any member of

this household who is

currently engaged in fish

farming?

Yes = 1

No = 2

(57)(53)

H: AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK

FISH FARMING

Has/is any member of this

household

operated/operating any land

for agricultural purposes

during 2011/12 agricultural

year?

Yes = 1

No = 2


SKIP TO QUESTION 55

Which of the following crops did the household

grow?

Was any member of this

household engaged in

raising cattle, goats, sheep

or poultry up to the census

night?

Yes = 1

No = 2

IF THE ANSWER IS

NO, SKIP TO

QUESTION 57


Annex 2

163

59) Write the number of males and females living outside Tanzania? Males

Females

CODES ARE IN SEPARATE HANDBOOK

Total

1st

HH Member 6th

HH Member

2nd

HH Member 7th

HH Member

3rd

HH Member 8th

HH Member

4th

HH Member 9th

HH Member

5th

HH Member 10th

HH Member

IF THE NUMBER OF DIASPORA IS MORE THAN 10, USE EXTRA QUESTIONNAIRE

1st

HH Member 6th

HH Member

2nd

HH Member 7th

HH Member

3rd

HH Member 8th

HH Member

4th

HH Member 9th

HH Member

5th

HH Member 10th

HH Member

62) Is there a person in this household who is a member of the following social security funds?

National Social Security Fund (NSSF) =1

Zanzibar Social Security Fund (ZSSF) =2

Parastatal Pension Fund (PPF) =3

Public Service Pension Fund (PSPF) =4

Government Employee Provident Fund (GEPF) =5

Local Authority Pension Fund (LAPF) =6

National Health Insurance Fund/Community Health Fund (NHIF/CHF) =7

Other Fund =8

J: SOCIAL SECURITY FUNDS

60) In which country are they living?

Month

61) Have you or anyone in this household received remitance in the form of cash or in kind from them during the last 12 months?

Yes =1, No =2

DATE OF EDITING QUESTIONNAIREDay Month

Fund

NAME OF SUPERVISOR

Yes = 1 No = 2 IF THE ANSWER IS NO, GO TO SECTION H. MULTIPLE RESPONSE IS

ALLOWED

DATE HOUSEHOLD ENUMERATED

Day

I: CITIZENS IN DIASPORA K: TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE HOUSEHOLD

58) Is there any person who was a member of this household currently living outside Tanzania? Yes = 1 No = 2

IF THE ANSWER IS NO, SKIP TO SECTION J

M F

Documents

Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile, Tanzania Zanzibar · 2014-11-12 · Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile; Tanzania Zanzibar iii Executive Summary The 2012 Tanzania