Basics of Chemistry Cosmetology : Milady Standard Cosmetology ©2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved

Basics of Chemistry

Cosmetology:

Milady StandardCosmetology

©2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved

MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY

“The greater the difficulty, the more glory in surmounting it. Skillful pilots gain their reputation from storms and

tempests”

Epictetus


Objectives• Explain the difference between organic

and inorganic chemistry• Discuss the different forms of matter:

elements, compounds, and mixtures• Explain pH and the pH scale• Describe oxidation and reduction

(redox) reactions


Matter• Anything that occupies space, has

physical and chemical properties, and exists as a solid, liquid, or gas


Elements• Simplest form of matter• Cannot be reduced without loss of

identity• 90 – natural• 22 – artificial• Identified by a letter symbol• C – O – H – N – S


Atoms and Molecules• Atom: Particles from

which all matter is composed.

• Molecules: Result of joined atoms.– Elemental molecule– Compound molecule


States of Matter• Solid: Have shape, volume, weight

(ice)• Liquid: Have volume and weight, no

shape (water)• Gas: Have no volume

or shape (steam)


Physical and Chemical Properties

• Physical: Determined without a chemical reaction (color, odor, weight, density)


• Chemical: Determined with a chemical reaction (change identity – rusting iron, burning wood)

Physical and Chemical Properties


Pure Substances and Mixtures

• Pure substances (distinct properties)• Mixtures (elements combined physically)


Solutions, Suspensions, Emulsions• Solution• Solute• Solvent• Miscible liquids• Immiscible liquids• Suspension• Emulsion


Surfactants• Head• Tail• Surfactant molecule• Oil in water

emulsion (O/W)


Surfactants• Water in oil

emulsion (W/O)


Other Physical Properties• Ointments• Powders


Common Ingredients• Alcohol• Alkanolamines• Ammonia• Glycerine


Common Ingredients• Silicones• Volatile organic

compounds


Potential Hydrogen and Ions• Ion• Ionization• Anion• Cation


Water and pH• Hydrogen ion (H+) is acidic• Hydrogen ion (OH) is alkaline


The pH Scale• pH: Parts

hydrogen or potential hydrogen

• The scale: 0 – 14• pH 7: neutral


Acids• Acids

– pH below 7.0– Turn litmus paper from blue to red– Contracts and harden hair


Alkalis• pH above 7.0• Known as “base”• Turn litmus paper from red to blue• Feel slippery and soapy on skin• Soften and swell hair


Acid-Alkali Neutralization Reactions

• Pure water• Neutralizing

shampoos and normalizing lotions


Oxidation Reactions• Oxidation• Oxidation-reduction• Exothermic• Combustion


Reduction Reactions• Oxidized• Reduction• Oxidizing agent


Redox• Redox (a contraction from “reduction”

and “oxidation”)• Oxidation (relocating hydrogen)• Reduction (adding or subtracting

hydrogen)


Summary and Review• What is chemistry?


• Why is a basic understanding of chemistry important?

• What is the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry?

• What are atoms? • What are elements?• What are the physical and chemical properties of

matter?

Summary and Review


• What is the difference between physical and chemical changes. Give examples

• Describe 3 states of matter. Explain elements, compounds, and mixtures

Summary and Review


• What is the difference between solutions, suspension, and emulsions? Give examples

• Define pH and the pH scale• Explain the difference between oxidation

and reduction reactions

Summary and Review


Congratulations!

You’ve just completedone unit of study toward

program completion!

Documents

Basics of Chemistry Cosmetology : Milady Standard Cosmetology ©2007 Thomson Delmar Learning. All Rights Reserved