Basics of Radiology A pre-clinician needs an organized introduction to the fundamentals of radiology...
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Basics of Radiology A pre-clinician needs an organized introduction to the fundamentals of radiology to appreciate the content & usefulness of radiological
Basics of Radiology A pre-clinician needs an organized
introduction to the fundamentals of radiology to appreciate the
content & usefulness of radiological images. The focus of this
material is the plain-film radiograph the beginning of radiology.
Remember, the instructor is not a radiologist; neither he nor the
course material suggest that you need to be, or even should be,
interpreting diagnostic images - - for that is the responsibility
of the Radiologist.
Slide 2
Radiograph X-ray film with an image of an anatomy X-ray film
with an image of an anatomy X-rays emanating from a localized
source pass through a portion of the body onto a detector that
records the density of x-rays as an image X-rays emanating from a
localized source pass through a portion of the body onto a detector
that records the density of x-rays as an image Plain Film/
Conventional Radiograph Made without contrast enhancement Made
without contrast enhancement 80% of imaging examinations 80% of
imaging examinations
Slide 3
Radiodensity Amount of x-irradiation absorbed by a substance
Amount of x-irradiation absorbed by a substance Determined by
composition (atomic weight) and thickness Determined by composition
(atomic weight) and thickness Greater the atomic weight and
thickness, the greater the radiodensity Greater the atomic weight
and thickness, the greater the radiodensity Increased radiodensity,
increased absorption of x-rays Increased radiodensity, increased
absorption of x-rays As radiodensity increases, objective appears
more white on image As radiodensity increases, objective appears
more white on image
Slide 4
1-5
Slide 5
Slide 6
Slide 7
Handling and viewing plain film radiographs
Slide 8
Image Distortion Magnification Magnification The closer a
structure is to the film, the less magnification there is and the
detail & sharpness is better. Shortening & Lengthening
Shortening & Lengthening due to the angle of x-ray beam or
angle of the structure.... relative to the film
Slide 9
Viewing Plain Radiographs Always need at least 2 views Always
need at least 2 views Close to 90 degrees from each other Close to
90 degrees from each other One View Is No View One View Is No View
Film Markers: Patient ID & anatomical side: Do not orient film
to view a correctly positioned letter Film Markers: Patient ID
& anatomical side: Do not orient film to view a correctly
positioned letter
Slide 10
Radiographs: Common Views Anteroposterior (AP): beam passes
anterior to posterior. Anteroposterior (AP): beam passes anterior
to posterior. Posteroanterior (PA): beam passes posterior to
anterior (common chest view) Posteroanterior (PA): beam passes
posterior to anterior (common chest view) Lateral Lateral Oblique
Oblique
Slide 11
Placing Radiographs on View Box For AP views (extremity,
head/spine) and chest PA: place in the viewing box with the patient
facing you in anatomical position (except wrist-hand- fingers and
feet-toes). The patients right is on your left. Hand-fingers (PA)
or foot/toes (AP): point the digits up; hands and feet are oriented
right on right and left on left (rather than anatomical position).
Spine AP views: orient in anatomical position with the R on the
patients right side
Slide 12
Placing Radiographs on View Box In general for Lateral &
Oblique views typically face them to your LEFT, or you can also
attempt to orient in the same direction that the beam traveled
(easy to say, hard to do). If it is a multi-view film and there is
an AP or PA view accompanying, then use the AP or PA view to
correctly orient the entire film.
Slide 13
Orienting Films: Are the following oriented correctly?
