Basics Road Lighting Printout

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Uwe RabensteinLiDAC

April 8, 2009Hochschule Wismar

Basics for roadlighting

2LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

Road lighting

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Freedom of design

- Free arrangements of the luminares?

- bright-/darkzones on the roadsurface?

- Which luminare design?


Freedom of design

- The safety for the traffic has abolute priority!

- The arrangement of the luminare, spacing and height are results of the official standards.

- Using Luminares with a good design is allowed.

- Different light colours are possible, but the targetis an efficacy lightinstallation.

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Classification of roadlighting

mainroads

sideroads

junction / roundabout

tunnels / subway crossing

shopping roads

residential roads


Standards/recommendations for roadlighting

DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2;

(ME-classes with appr. 0.5cd/m² to 2cd/m²); CIE 115-1995

DIN 67524 part 1 to 2; RABT 2006


(ME- or S-classes with appr. 0.5cd/m² or 3lx resp. 7lx); CIE 115-1995


(CE-classes with 7.5lx to 50lx); CIE 115-1995

DIN EN 13201 parts 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 Teil 1 and 2;

(ME- or S-classes with appr. 0.3cd/m² or 2lx resp. 10lx) ; CIE 115-1995

DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 Teil 1 and 2;

(CE- or S-classes); CIE 115-1995

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cd/m² ? lx?

basics of light


Visual job: recognize objects on the road

luminance cd/m²illuminance lx

- Kontrast

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level of brightness

100000lx - sunlight

20000lx - cloudy sky in the summer

max. 1lx - moonlightbetw. 2 and 30lx - roadlighting5000lx - cloudy sky in the winter


Requirements for roadlightingNegativ-contrast (dark object opposite to the bright background)

• luminances Laverage = 0,3 - 2,0 cd/m2

• illuminances Ehaverage = 2 - 30 lux• uniformity UL(along) = 0.5 - 0.7

UO(hole) = min/average 0.3 - 0.4• Threshold increment TI = 10-20 %

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Influence of the luminace level for the traffic


luminace of the road L

Php EqL •=

),,( γβαqq =

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Influence of the local uniformity for the traffic


uniformity U0 and UL

Uniformity overall

Uniformity along

n

LU n

p∑=0

maxmin/ RR LLUL =

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Glare?


What is glare?

Glare is light in high differences of luminace in the field of view, which is created by luminares. This differences create a physiological-psychological effect which has influence to:

• Visual comfort

• Visual power

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Kinds of glare

Psychological glare (discomfort)

-> create a discomfort and with a influence over a long period, the working capacity is reduced.

Physiological glare (disability glare)

-> reduce the visiual power in kind of- visual sharpness- contrast recognization- lower working capacity


Base for the visibility

… is the contrast between difference objects.

Co contrastLu luminance in the surroundingLo luminance on the object

u

uoo L

LLC −=

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Influence from glare for the visibility

The contrast will be reduced between the two objects.

Co contrastLu luminance in the surroundingLo luminance on the objectLv equivalent veiling luminance

vu

uoo LL

LLC+−

=


Threshold increment

influence from glare for visibility

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Threshold increment

θ

Object dimension = 8’


Lv equivalent veiling luminanceLu adapted luminaceEk illuminace in the eye of the observerθk angle in grad between the line of view and the line of connection from observer to the luminareK age factor (K=10 for a observer which is 23 years old)

Threshold increment

8.065u

v

L L= TI

∑=

n

kv

E K= L1

2k

kθ

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good< 10

acceptable10

disagreeable> 15

Glare levelThreshold Increment (TI)

Threshold increment

values for threshold increment

Achtung: Eine Beleuchtungsanlage kann am Beobachterauge die Schleier-leuchtdichte erhöhen, ohne notwendigerweise die mittlere Leuchtdichte imGesichtsfeld zu erhöhen.


Threshold increment

age factor K= f(age of the observer)

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Threshold increment

When is the Threshold increment procedure are valid?

• The direction of view is in one line with the area which is observed.

• The observed area has to be in the field of view from the observer.


Threshold increment

30m

Not more luminares has to be controlled as located in a 20° field of view.

20°

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Lightingdesign for a boulevard


Information for a lighting design based on the DIN-standard

- speed of the traffic

- main user and other user which is allowed to use

- impossible user

- sectional view of the road (with/without middlelane)

- number of traffic in the darkness (cars per hour and lane)

- surroundbrightness and crime

- intensity of bicycles

- precaution for less traffic and parking cars

- surface on the road (only for luminance calculation)

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Information (example)

- Character: mainroad

- average luminance 1.0cd/m²

- uniformity overall U0 0.40

- uniformity along UL 0.60

- Character: footpath

- average illuminance 5lx

- minimum illuminance 1lx


Choose a luminare

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Choose a luminare


Choose a luminare

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IRIDIUM 252 IRIDIUM 253 KOFFER 70 MINIKOFFER KOFFER 100 KOFFER 150 KOFFER 250 SGS 201 SGS 203 SGS 204 SEIL-KOFFER 70

SEIL-KOFFER 150

SEIL-KOFFER 250

FlacheAnsatzleuchte

FlacheSeilleuchte

RESIDIUM

Choose a luminare


Choice regarding the lightdistribution:

Asymmetrical floodlight

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round and symmetrical optic



Lineshape uplighting optic

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Linear small UrbanLine (S)



Linear symmetrical with UrbanLine (SC)

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Linear asymmetrical with UrbanLine (A)



Roadlighting optic

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Roadlighting optic


Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting optic forT-lamps - height of the luminare regarding a good uniformity

ME

ideal height of the luminare = road width +1m 1-3

acceptable height of the luminare = road width 4-5

minimum height of the luminare = road width -1m 6

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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting opticfor T-lamps - spacing of the luminare for ME-classes regarding a good uniformity

ME

ideal spacing = height of the luminare x 4-5 1-3

acceptable spacing = height of the luminare x 5-6 4-5

minimum spacing = height of the luminare x 6-7 6


Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlightingoptic for T-lamps - spacing of the luminare for S-classesregarding a good uniformity

Optic CT, OR, T

Spacing = height of the luminare x 5 - 7

Optic WB


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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with decorativ optics -height of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity

ideal height of the luminare = road width

acceptable height of the luminare = road width -1m

minimum height of the luminare = road width -2m


Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with decorativ optics -spacing of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity


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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting

- Location of the poles

location appr. –2m to +2m behind the kerbstone

- Mounting on a arm

Angle of the arm max. 15°


Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting

The values for the brightness is controlled by the lamppower. Whichlamppower is necessary? This information can find in same designsheets or via calculation by software. Foundation for this is to haveall the information on the pages before.

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Position 3 (5)*Position 1 Position 5 (11)*

Reflector positions

* sodium lamps (cosmopolis lamps)


Arrangement of luminares

singlesided

doublesided

central

Doublesided shifted

wallmounted

rope

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Determination of the illuminance classes

www.planungstool.philips.com

Calculux Road Wizard

C:\Programme\Calculux\RoadWizard\road wizard.exe

Link for downloads of calculux and road wizard

http://www.lighting.philips.com/de_de/tools_downloads/calculux/index.php?main=de_de&parent=1_8&id=de_de_calculux&lang=de


Software and tools for light calculation

• Calculux 7.0 (Philips)

• DIALux 4.6 (DIAL)

• Relux 2009 (Relux)

• Designtools as PDF-Files (Philips)

• LCI – Lightingdesign software (Prof. Stockmar)

• …

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Design tools


Pedestrian crossing

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Pedestrian crossing – basics (german standard DIN 67523)

Definition:

b = roadwith

c = width of the pedestrian crossing

w = waiting area

dL = spacing of the valuation grid

A –F = valuation points


Pedestrian crossing – basics (german standard DIN 67523)

Definition:

= valuation points

- Spacing of the valuation points on lane E-F max. 1m

- height of the valuation level 1m

The evaluation has to be done separat in each driving direction.

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Pedestrian crossing without any additional light

EV ≥ 4 lx

SR ≥ 0,5

TI ≤ 15 %

Ul ≥ 0.7

U0 ≥ 0.4

Lm ≥ 1.5 cd/m²

KB = 1

U0 = 0.4

Lm = 2cd/m²

Vertical illuminance on the axis E-F (maintenance value)

Surround ratio (Minimum)

Threshold increment (highest value)

Uniformity along (Minimum)Class of the glare limitation

Uniformity overall (Minimum)Uniformity overall

Average road luminance (maintenance value)Luminance (nominal value)

DIN 67523-1: 2009-XXDIN 67523-1 : 1988-04

This lightsituation has to be realized min. 50m before and behind the pedestrian crossing.


Pedestrian crossing without any additional light

Evmin ≥ 4 lx

Evm = 30 lx

Evmin ≥ 5 lx

Evm = 40 lx

Average vertical illuminance on each calculation points(maintenance value)

Average vertical illuminance on each calculation points(nominal value)

Average vertical illuminance on the axis in the middle of the pedestrian crossing (maintenance value)

Average vertical illuminance on the axis in the middle of the pedestrian crossing (nominal value)

DIN 67523-1: 2009-XXDIN 67523-1 : 1988-04

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Pedestrian crossing - requirements

TI ≤ 15 %

Ul ≥ 0.4

U0 ≥ 0.35

Lm ≥ 0.3 cd/m²

KB = 1

U0 > 0.3

Lm = 0.3cd/m²

Threshold increment (Highest value)

Uniformity along (Minimum)Klasse der Blendungsbegrenzung

Uniformity overall (Minimum)Uniformity overall

Average luminance of the road(maintenance value) ME6

Luminance of the road (nominal value)

DIN 67523-1: 2009-XXDIN 67523-1 : 1988-04

Diese Beleuchtungsverhältnissemüssen mindestens 100m vorund hinter und dem FGÜ gegebensein.


Pedestrian crossing – design tools

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Pedestrian crossing – design tools


Pedestrian crossing - example

Fußgängerüberweg in Hessisch-Oldendorf

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Roundabout


roundabaout – luminare arrangement (standard)

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Roundabout – design tools


Roundabout – design tools

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Roundabout - exampleAachen – Europaplatz, Metronomis


Car park lighting

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Freedom of design

- Free arrangements of the luminares?

- Bright-/darkzones on the roadsurface?

- Which luminare design?


Limitation for the design

- safety for footsteps from persons are neccesarry

- Visibility from persons/faces are benefical

- The arrangement of the luminare, spacing and height areresults of the official standards.

- Using Luminares with a good design is allowed. Different light colours are possible, but the target is an efficacy lightinstallation

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Standards/recommendations for car park lighting

DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4 - Roalighting

(light for official car parcs included)

DIN EN 12464 part II - Light on outdoorworkspaces (light for privat car parcs included)


RequirementsVisibility from steps, persons, objects and cars

DIN EN 13201 12464 part II

• illuminance Ehaverage = 7.5 - 30 lux 5 – 20 lux• Uniformity overall U0 = 0.40 0.25

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Colour of the light and colourrendering

SON

Ra 25

CDM/CPO

Ra 80

SOX

Ra --


Rules of thumb for a car park lighting design

Number of luminares

n number of luminares

A area in m²

ηB utilisationfactor for the installation

ΦL Luminous flux from the luminare

Spacing anlong = height of the luminares x 3 ... 4 (along)

En x A x 1.25ηB x ΦL

n =

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Standarddimension on a car park

detail

4.5-5m 6-8m

2.5m



Asymmetrical floodlight

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Possible luminare arrangement with floodlights

height = 8-10m



round and symmetrical optic

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Possible luminare arrangement with lantern

height = 4-6m



Roadlighting optic

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Possible luminare arrangement with street lighting luminares

height = 6-8m


Valuation of the number of luminares regarding theutilisation factor method

Dimension of the car park 70m x 74m

Dimension of the store 53m x 31m

Kind of luminare Koffer² 70

lamp/luminous flux CPO-TW 60W/6800lm

utilisationfactor for installation appr. 0.45 – 0.50

En x A x 1.25ηB x ΦL

n = 15lx x 3537m² x 1.250.45 x 6800lm= = 22 luminares

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Results of the lighting design via computer

1xCPO-TW 60W

Lph = 6m

Em = 15.2lx

g1 = 0.27


Decorative luminares for roadlighting

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Energiesaving but how?

Full/normal operation Each 2.luminare areswitched off

Reduced operation


Thank you very much for your attention.

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Documents

Basics Road Lighting Printout