BBNAN21000/04000Angol fonológia ea.

English Phonology lecture course

BBK 2018

Phonological contrast (opposition)

A central issue in traditional phonological analysis:

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes: distinctive / contrastive units

minimal pairs: pit – bit, right – wrote

minimal sets: pit, pat, pet, put, putt, pot

identical or at least overlapping distribution

(in most contexts) unpredictable

Lenin Lennon

cone comb

In Hungarian?

thinking sinking

Berlitz video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MUsVcYhERY

In Hungarian?

wet vet

wine vine

invite in white

In Hungarian?

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution

predictablecf.: pi__ is it a /t/ or an /l/? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ phonemes

pi__ is it a [l] or a [ɫ]? :-D allophones

p__t is it [e] or [i:] or [aʊ]? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ phonemes

p__t is it a schwa? :-D

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution

predictable phonetic variants, nondistinctive/noncontrastive, redundant, conditioned/positional variants, physical realisations

allophony / allophonic variation

phonetic vs. phonemic representation:

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution

The eng: ŋ

English:

sin – sing

win – wing

kin – king

Hun – hung

hum – hung

Sam – sang

ham – hang

Hungarian:

??

L versus R

English:

lip – rip

lane – rain

lead (n.) – red

lead (v.) – read (pres.)

lie – rye

miller – mirror

belly – bury

palace – Paris

Hungarian:

lét – rét

lúg – rúg

lebeg - rebeg

szál – szár

tél – tér

magyal – magyar

kelet – keret

szeletem – szeretem

But … Korean:

But ...

all – oar

fall – four

tall – tore

file – fire

owl – hour

hill – hear

● R-dropping● Rhotic/non-rhotic

accents● Non-rhotic accents:

phonotactic constraint on syllable-final R → defective distribution

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?

(i) correspond to different phonemes

(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution

(iii) free variation

+ family

when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation

e.g.:

- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous

- voicing contrast of obstruents after /s/:

/t/ vs. /d/ cf. e.g., tick vs. Dick

/p/ vs. /b/ cf. e.g., pier vs. beer etc.

but: s_... ?? cf. e.g., spear but *sb-

Porto, PortugalPhoto © V. Schandl

THE END