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BBNAN04000 Angol fonológia ea. / English Phonology lecture course
(sávos)
BBK 2016
1. Intro
phonetics – phonology – morphology
Today:
• phonetics vs. phonology: vowels• revision of basics of phonology
phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:
phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)
phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)
phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic
phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic: spectrograms:
phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic
phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)
phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)
e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:
e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:● manner of articulation:
• monophthongs vs. diphthongs (vs. triphthongs)• long vs. short
e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:● manner of articulation:
• monophthongs vs. diphthongs (vs. triphthongs)• long vs. short
● place of articulation:• tongue position (tongue height +
frontness/backness)• lip position
the Cardinal Vowel Chart
the Cardinal Vowel Chart
the Cardinal Vowel Chart
Can you find the vowels of Hungarian?
Can you find the vowels of Hungarian?
The monophthongs of RP
Gimsonian IPA symbols for the vowels of RP:
Recap:
phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)
So far: the articulatory classification of RP vowels
Functional (= phonological) classes:
Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?
Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:
Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak: reduction under zero stress,
all full vowels -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous
Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak
Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence: bee-beer, sky-lyre (breaking),
cat-car, bid/put/but/bet-bird/purr/Bert (broadening)
Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)
Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)➢
Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)➢ tense vs. lax
The full vowels of RP:
The phonological classification of the vowels of RP:
Phonetics vs. phonology
Phonetics vs. phonology
The basics of phonology
The basics of phonology
➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)
The basics of phonology
➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)
➢ distribution of sounds, possible combinations (phonotactics)
The basics of phonology
➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)
➢ distribution of sounds, possible combinations (phonotactics)
➢ processes (alternations)
The basics of phonology
➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)
➢ distribution of sounds, possible combinations (phonotactics)
➢ processes (alternations)
that is, rules and representations
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes: distinctive / contrastive units
minimal pairs: pit – bit, right – wrote
minimal sets: pit, pat, pet, put, putt, pot
identical or at least overlapping distribution
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
predictable phonetic variants, nondistinctive/noncontrastive, redundant, conditioned/positional variants, physical realisations
allophony / allophonic variation
phonetic vs. phonemic representation:
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
(iii) free variation
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
(iii) free variation
when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
e.g.:
when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
e.g.:
- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous
when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
e.g.:
- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous
- voicing contrast of obstruents after /s/:
/t/ vs. /d/ cf. e.g., tick vs. Dick
/p/ vs. /b/ cf. e.g., pier vs. beer etc.
when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
e.g.:
- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous
- voicing contrast of obstruents after /s/:
/t/ vs. /d/ cf. e.g., tick vs. Dick
/p/ vs. /b/ cf. e.g., pier vs. beer etc.
but: s_... ?? cf. e.g., spear but *sb-
Porto, PortugalPhoto © V. Schandl
THE END