BC ENVT PPT

7/29/2019 BC ENVT PPT

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Definitions.

Ecology- It is the study of

our earth, it's relationships

with organisms and their

environment, and howthose relationships affect

the planet.

There is a lot we can do asa species to help our

environment sustain itself.
http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~e118/wsahara/2002results/environment/nbp2500004.jpg


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The issues

Overpopulation Pollution

Thinning ozone layer

Global warming

Land degradation

Renewable energy

Loss of biodiversity

Climate change


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Is overpopulation, the root cause for all environmental

issues?

Interplay between populationgrowth and resource depletion.

Overpopulation- a cause forconcern in developingcountries.

World population estimated tocross a whooping 11 billion

mark by 2050.. Application of concept of

Sustainable development.

J-curve


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Pollution Types of Pollution-

Air-motor vehicles,

factories.

Water-biological,

chemical, radioactive

Land-garbage,

hazardous

Major Sources

Industrialization

Urbanization


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Caused by high SO2 emissions from

coal combustion.

A growing volume of traffic results

in growing NOx emissions

Industrialization , increased power

generation greatly adding to

pollution levels.

China is responsible for 36% ofworldwide pollutant emissions

Air Pollution


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Carbon emissions

Carbon emissions - a

serious threat for people

and environment.

For, regulation ofincreased emissions,

countries have now signed

Kyoto Protocol Agreement.


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Water PollutionSOURCES:

INDUSTRY

Direct disposal of waste

Emission of toxic fumes into the aircauses acid rain which contaminateslocal waterways.

Oil spills

AGRICULTURE

Fertilizers (nitrogen)and other

chemicals soak into the underground

water supplies.

DOMESTIC

Sewage: Human waste disposed

of sewers into Rivers
http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/sewageandwastewater.html


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Effects

Spread of diseases(cholera, typhoid,diarrhoea) bymicrobial pollutants

from sewage. Harms the Aquatic Life

Causes algae in waterwhich depletes oxygenfrom the water

Harms animals

Pollution in Yamuna


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Coral reefs in danger

On coral reefs, eutrophicationcauses seaweed to grow and

smother the corals.

Excessive richness of nutrients in

a lake or other body of water,

frequently due to runoff from

the land, causes a dense growth

of plant life and death of animal

life from lack of oxygen

. Careless development along

coastlines and in river basins

leads to soil erosion and the

transport of heavy loads of silt

and clay, which settle on the

corals and smother them.


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Land pollution

Land Pollution:Waste generation

Intensive use of chemical fertilizers

Intensive land exploitation (deforestation &

urban developmenr)

Wastes from Agriculture: Waste matter produced by crop,

animal manure, and farm residues.

Wastes from Mining: Piles of coal refuse and heaps of slag.

Wastes from Industries: Include paints, chemicals, and so on.

Garbage: Decomposable and not decomposable such as glass,

metal, cloth, plastic, wood, paper, and so on.


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Effects

Land pollution can affect wildlife, plants, and humans in a number of

ways, such as:

Cause problems in the respiratory system

Cause problems on the skin

Lead to birth defects

Cause various kinds of cancers

The toxic materials that pollute the soil can get into the human body

directly by

coming into contact with the skin

Being washed into water sources like reservoirs and rivers

Eating fruits and vegetables that have been grown in polluted soil

Breathing in polluted dust or particles


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Depletion of Ozone Layer

Ozone is a bluish gas that is formed by three atoms of oxygen. Ozone is present in thestratosphere. The ozone layer is located between 10 and 50 km above the Earth's

surface.

How are we depleting it?

Releasing CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons. CFCs were used in refrigerators, plastic foam, and throwaway food

containers.

In the stratosphere, the chlorine atom is removed from the CFC and attracts one of the three oxygen atomsin the ozone molecule. The process continues, and a single chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000

molecules of ozone.

Long term consequences

Every time 1% of the ozone layer is depleted, 2% more UV-B is able to reach the surface of the planet

UV-B radiation causes skin cancer

May result in increased global warming.

The life cycles of plants will change, disrupting the food chain

Climate change

The fact that the ozone layer was being depleted was discovered in the mid-1980s.In

1984, the ozone layer hole was discovered over Antarctica.


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The greenhouse effect

The carbon emissions in

the atmosphere are

responsible for the

increase of temperature.

Actually, these gases

cause the greenhouse

effect or global

warming.


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Global Warming Too many greenhouse gases (CO2, ozone, CFC, water) warm Earths

temperature

Consequences: global climate change (ocean temperature), severeweather conditions, melting polar ice caps


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The energy problem

Fossil fuels-85%

From dead stuff

Non-renewable

pollution

Alternatives Solar

Geothermal

Nuclear

Wind

hydroelectric

Vehicles


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The fossil fuels

One of the causes of

carbon emissions

are the fossil fuels:

petroleum and hisderivatives, coal and

methane.


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Nuclear Energy

EFFECTS

Release of radioactive particles

Rise in water temperature

Nuclear waste (plutonium waste)

Greenhouse gas emissions

RISKS

Threat of Nuclear Terrorism

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Accidents (Fukushima,

Chernobyl, Three Mile Island)

Risk of cancer


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Ecological Imbalance

Not only humans would be losing mostly due to their

own disregard for the surroundings so much of the

awe-inspiring diversity of nature, mass extinctions like

this would cause a serious imbalance in the worlds food

chain

.When a predator disappears, the prey will multiply.

When prey dies out, the predator will see its ranks

decrease as well. This, explains the phenomena of

Ecological Imbalance.


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Loss of Biodiversity

The continuous decrease in animal and

plant populations results in a loss of genetic

diversity

Global biological diversity is decreasing,due to direct and indirect human activity:

hunting, loss of natural habitat (deforestation,

desertification), etc.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hedweb.com/animimag/panda.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.hedweb.com/animimag/panda.htm&h=419&w=292&sz=55&tbnid=GpyXUmzz4MMJ:&tbnh=122&tbnw=85&start=10&prev=/images?q=panda&hl=en&lr=


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Animals and Birds under Threat

Panda Koala

Indian tigers

African and Asiatic elephant

Orangutan American Alligator

Pygmy Hippopotamus

Black Rhinoceros


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Sustaining the Planet


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Takes actions


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Various activities relating to wildlife conservation :

Enforcement of Wildlife Protection Act,1972 and

Export-Import policyIndian Board For Wildlife (IBWL)

National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP)

Development of National Parks and Sanctuaries

Wildlife Institute of India (WII)Central Zoo Authority

Continued..


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Renewable energies

We have to use

renewable energies

because they are

inexhaustible, they

dont pollute and they

will be available for

the future

generations.


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Solar energy:

The energy that uses

the heat of the sun.

Wind energy:

The energy that uses

the power of the wind.


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Hydroelectric energy:

The energy which produceselectricity using the power

of water.

Marine energy:The energy that uses the

power of the sea water


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VALDEZ

1948: Declaration of human rights

1961: WWF, amnesty international

1970s: Environmental movements

1980s: 1984: Bhopal; 1986: Chernobyl; 1989: Exxon Valdez

2002: Enron, WorldCom

Increased awareness
http://www.exxon.com/index.html


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Different initiatives which were taken at

International level to promote awareness

about environment issues are-

United Nations Conference on Human

Environment,1972

General Assembly's Resolution ,1972

Earth Summit,1992

Johannesburg Summit,2002


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SarbOx

The search for solutions is happening on a global scale and is being

led by both public institutions and as part of private initiatives.

Solutions include new legislation, stakeholder partnerships, voluntary

agreements, codes of conduct, multilateral agreements,

interdependent actions, etc.

Global frameworks and initiatives
http://images.google.ch/imgres?imgurl=www.himalmag.com/2002/april/images/poverty.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.himalmag.com/2002/april/commentary_sa.htm&h=178&w=250&prev=/images?q=monterrey+conference&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8http://images.google.ch/imgres?imgurl=geo3.grid.unep.ch/images/unep-logo3.gif&imgrefurl=http://geo3.grid.unep.ch/scripts/esrimap.dll?name=GEO3g&cmd=Map&h=226&w=193&prev=/images?q=unep&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8http://images.google.ch/imgres?imgurl=www.seas.columbia.edu/~ah297/un-esa/un-logo.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.seas.columbia.edu/~ah297/un-esa/activities.html&h=165&w=187&prev=/images?q=un&svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&sa=G


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What do the three R's mean?

Reuse stands for using something again.

Recyclemeans if some thing was recycled

and somebody made it into something else.

Reducemeans when you put a thing in theright place.


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Recycling

Collecting rawmaterials is

something we can do

to help our planet,

because we canreduce litter, waste

and pollution.


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?Do you know


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Waste Waste Management

An unusable / unwanted

substance or material.

Rejected as worthless.

Example -Rubbish, trash,

garbage or junk

Collection

source separation

storage transportation

transfer

processing

treatment disposal of waste


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Methods of Waste Management

Disposal Methods :

Land fills Incineration

Recycling Methods :

1. Biologicalreprocessing

2. Energy recovery Pyrolysis

Gasification


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Ways to save our planet

Set your refrigerator temperature at 36 to 38 and your freezer

for cooling from 0 to 5.

Use compact fluorescent light bulbs to save money and

energy.

Learn about alternatives to household cleaning items that do

not use hazardous chemicals.

AT YOUR HOME


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AT YOUR OFFICE

Use recycled paper.

Use a ceramic coffee mug instead of a disposable

cup.Copy and print on both sides of paper.

Reuse items like envelopes, folders and paper

clips.


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IN YOUR YARD

Leave grass clippings on the yard- they

decompose and return nutrients to the soil.

Use only the required amount of fertilizer. Put leaves in a compost heap instead of burning

them or throwing them away.

Water grass early in the morning.


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Why is it important for our planet

and ourselves that we save energy?

It is important because if you dont have energy you will die.

If you dont save energy the world will be cold.


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THANKYOU !

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