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Behavior Modification Techniques

There are five categories of activities that can be

addressed with behavior modification

techniques:

� Develop a new behavior

� Strengthen a behavior

� Maintain an established behavior

� Stop inappropriate behavior

� Modify emotional behavior

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Develop a new behavior

Successive

Approximatio

n Principle

To teach a child to act in amanner in which he has

seldom or never before

behaved, reward

successive steps to thefinal behavior (also called

shaping).

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Continuous

Reinforcement

Principle

To develop a newbehavior that the child

has not previously

exhibited, arrange for an

immediate reward aftereach correct

performance.

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Negative

Reinforcement

Principle

To increase a child'sperformance in a particular

way, arrange for him to

avoid or escape a mild

aversive situation byimproving his behavior or by

allowing him to avoid the

aversive situation by

behaving appropriately.

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Cueing

Principle

To teach a child toremember to act at a

specific time, arrange for

him to receive a cue for

the correct performance just before the action is

expected rather than after

he has performed it

incorrectly.

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Strengthen a new behavior

Decreasing

Reinforceme

nt Principle

To encourage a child tocontinue performing an

established behavior with

few or no rewards,

gradually require a longertime period or more

correct responses before a

correct behavior is

rewarded.

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Strengthen a new behavior

Variable

Reinforceme

nt Principle

To improve or increase achild's performance of a

certain activity, provide

the child with an

intermittent reward.

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Maintain an established behavior

Substitution

Principle

To change reinforcers

when a previously

effective reward is no

longer controlling

behavior, present it just

before (or as soon as

possible to) the time you

present the new, hopefully

more effective reward.

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Stop an inappropriate behavior

Satiation

Principle

To stop a child from acting

in a particular way, you

may allow him to continue

(or insist that he continue)

performing the undesired

act until he tires of it.

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Extinction

Principle



may arrange conditions so

that he receives no

rewards following the

undesired act.

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Incompatible

Alternative

Principle



may reward an alternative

action that is inconsistent

with or cannot be

performed at the same

time as the undesired act.

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Response

Cost

Principle


in a certain way, remove a

pleasant stimulus

immediately after the action

occurs. Since response cost

results in increased hostilityand aggression, it should

only be used infrequently

and in conjunction with

reinforcement.

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Modify emotional behavior

Avoidance

Principle

To teach a child to avoid a

certain type of situation,

simultaneously present to

the child the situation to

be avoided (or some

representation of it) and

some aversive condition (or

its representation).

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Modify emotional behavior

Fear

Reduction

Principle

To help a child overcome his

fear of a particular

situation, gradually increase

his exposure to the feared

situation while he is

otherwise comfortable,

relaxed, secure or rewarded.

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