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Besme
Diagnostic Research
The RealityOf PovertyIn Beirut..............................
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Team
Dr. Mona Diab Project Manager Design, Follow up and Reporting Correction, Editing and Restructuring
Mr. Abdul Majid Houhou Deputy Manager and Logistics Coordinator General Editor Academic & Language Editor & Proofreader
Hana Mneimneh General Coordinator of Computerization and Statistics Questionnaire AnalysisStructural Statistical Scheduling and Intersecting Comparative Statistical Scheduling Extracting Structural Statistical Results and Final Statistical Results
Ahmad Mneimneh Field Work Coordinator Field and Office Work AuditorQuestionnaire First Auditor
Thanaa Al Ladeki Questionnaire Filling Execution, Follow up and Finalization
Zeina DahwiTranslation, Editing and Proofreading
Contents
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List of Tables and Charts PrefaceIntroductionThe General Framework of the Study and the Applied Methodology1. The Study and its Significance 2. Identifying the Topic 3. The Study Objectives 4. Assumptions5. Methodology6. Limitations and Difficulties of the Study7. The Study Sections8. Numbering9. Data and Information Analysis for Dispensaries10. Analyzing the work of institutions: Comparing the work of institutions among themselves11. The Status of Education in LebanonComparison to explain the educational situation in Lebanon12. Conclusion and RecommendationsQuestionnaire for Beirut DespensariesQuestionnaire for the foundationsCoding of the Dispensary s questionnaireEncoding for the foundationsLebanon map: Refugee Location and UN officesReferences
,
List of Tablesand Charts
Dispensaries
Data pertaining to DispensariesIndicator Totals: Tables and Charts
Comparison between Dispensary Indicators for the years 2014-2015: Tables and Charts Indexing of Tables and Charts
List of Tables and Charts
Institutions
Data pertaining to Institutions
Indicator Totals: Tables and Charts
Comparison between Institution Indicators for the years 2014-2015: Tables and Charts Tables and Charts for each Institution
3
Preface
Upon the request of Besme Group, Thrakos Research Center is pleased to present this study aiming at “Diagnosing the living, economic, social and educational situation in Lebanon”, which mainly tackles poverty as an initial indicator in all its aspects and consequences: (sickness, illiteracy, and unemployment).
The first stage of this study was assigned to the capital city of Beirut, which stands out as a model example of all the outcomes of the Lebanese Civil War and the consequences of the Arab revolutions, ever since the Palestinian exodus and the emigration of a large group of Palestinians to Lebanon, most of whom settled in Beirut. It is estimated that 300.000 Palestinian refugees settled in Beirut, which is half the number of those who moved to Lebanon .
Due to the unavoidable repercussions of the Syrian revolution, about 1.5 million Syrian refugees have migrated to Lebanon according to the Lebanese General Directorate of General Security. However, the number of Syrian citizens living in Lebanon is estimated at 2 million, including legally registered migrants and illegal or officially unregistered migrants who entered Lebanon stealthily. Most of them reside in Beirut, which constitutes a unique and crowded model comprising the various human constituents in Lebanon.
About a quarter of Lebanon’s population (4.5 million) live in Beirut, which means that the city is home to 900,000 Lebanese. Meanwhile, Beirut also hosts half of the Palestinian refugees (300,000 people) and half of the Syrian refugees (around 750,000 people), as well as most of the foreign workers from Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan. This is in addition to 80% of Asian workers from Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, whose total number is estimated at 100,000, thus amounting to 80,000 people .
Therefore, there are about 2,030,000 people living in Beirut’s 85 square kilometers and its outskirts.
This population density and eagerness to settle in Beirut has many reasons: 1- Since Lebanon has not succeeded in achieving administrative decentralization, all job opportunities, production, and employment are centered in the capital city of Beirut.
2- None of the Arab states have succeeded in directing their vocational education programs to create industrial, productive, and professional skills, thus leading to their employment opportunities to be restricted to craftsmanship.
3- The exclusion of women from the education, production, and work sectors.
4- The work of refugees is limited to the private sector, which relies on characteristics that are unavailable in this population, and even in Lebanese technical school graduates.
5- Refugees, migrants, and all non-Lebanese Arab citizens are prohibited from working in the following sectors: medicine, architecture, law….. (Lebanese Labor Law). This configuration provided us with a suitable and comprehensive environment for conducting this study in Beirut and using it as a measure to identify the regions that need attention after diagnosing their economical, social, educational, and medical conditions, based on the poverty index and semi-free
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The Arab League Regional Office, Beirut, Chapter Four, Table 1. Central Administration of Statistics – 2003 Bulletins Migrant Women in Arab States (The Case of Domestic Workers), International Labor Organization, Regional Office, Beirut.
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2
1
2
5
2012-2013 ESCWA report3
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medication (we cannot say ‘free medication’ since this does not exist in Lebanon). Through comparing the indicators of this study with a sequence of statistics and indicators conducted by international institutions and the Central Administration of Statistics, we were able to identify the locations of these social groups and determine their living needs.
It must be noted that the sources of the data included in this research are as follows:
1- International statistics: ESCWA – United Nations (UN) – UNHCR 2- Official sources: Ministry of Social Affairs –Central Administration of Statistics 3- Statistical bulletins published by the Lebanese authorities and conferences4- The responses to the questionnaires prepared by the team then thoroughly examined and investigated before the necessary data tables are extracted for the research. 5- Reports about documented studies and statistics published in newspapers.
It is worth noting that all the aforementioned sources are based on the statistics resulting from registration during aid distribution. Since no official body has carried out any similar field research, this is a pioneer study, as the statistics adopted by the Lebanese state and international bodies were approximate and based on aid distribution, which was restricted to “humanitarian support”, or food. Indeed, such support took place in specific sites for lack of awareness of the location of the poor.
This is the added value of our study, since we provide the location of these social groups, which are in need of support. Moreover, this research also provides details about all categories of poor people of every nationality and creed.
Thus, we relied on the axis of cases related to free and semi-free medication by conducting a comprehensive survey of the dispensaries in Beirut as an indicator for calculating the number of poor people and locating where they live. We surveyed the number of beneficiaries of these dispensaries, since wealthy people do not visit dispensaries. We also relied on the axis of statistics by the foundations, in addition to the types of aid they offer and their distribution.
Since medication and hospitalization are quite expensive in Lebanon, even for middle-class Lebanese citizens who mostly depend on dispensaries for medication and on the support of the Ministry of Health for hospitalization. In addition, despite the 70% MFE and NSSF coverage of public sector employees, most of them tend to benefit from the free or semi-free medication due to inflation and increased cost of living. Through these two axes (examining the number of free and semi-free medication beneficiaries in dispensaries as well as the official and international statistics), we were able to define the target groups that need support, in addition to learning their location and identifying their needs in terms of medication, education, and housing.
The study also identified dispensary equipment, needs, and ability to fully and efficiently perform their tasks. Moreover, it identified institutions in terms of statistics they provide for consideration, seriousness in providing aid and support, and the type of such assistance.
In conclusion, and according to the international institutions (United Nations), international support was limited to the displaced Syrian refugees, barely covering 13% of their needs and 30% of their total number .
Therefore, Besme Group is carrying out this research based on the following:
No matter where he is, a person in need is the responsibility of those who can lend a helping hand. Since poverty has no nationality, religion, or location, this pioneer research identifies all those who are poor, and who will be supported by Besme Group.
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Introduction
At the dawn of the third millennium, the world is witnessing today much-debated changes in many aspects of life. Lebanon was greatly affected by the repercussions of the revolutions in the Arab world due to its shared border with Syria. This led to the migration of a large number of Syrian refugees to Lebanon (1.5 to 2 million refugees ). This is a record number that is catastrophic for a small country whose population does not exceed 4.5 million. This is in addition to international and Arab disregard of a country that lacks natural resources and is on the verge of collapse due to political divisions.
Lebanon has still not recovered from the civil war and continues to experience internal political conflicts, not to mention that the successive governments did not adopt a pragmatic policy to overcome the social, economical, medical, and educational consequences of the civil war, relying on local institutions and civil society to manage these crises.
After more than three years since the Syrian conflict, Lebanon has become the host of the largest number of refugees per capita in the Arab world and Africa. Indeed, the number of Syrian refugees is equal to one fourth of the Lebanese population, which indicates that there are at least 1.5 million Syrian refugees.
International aid only covered 13% of the urgent needs of these refugees, as more than half of them suffer from dire conditions and are in need of immediate assistance – namely medical. In fact, only about 650 thousand refugees receive humanitarian aid (food supplies) that is barely enough to survive .
If we were to exclude the Lebanese people who are still suffering from the ongoing consequences of the war, statistics indicate that 45% of the Lebanese people are on the poverty line. Hence, about 2 million Lebanese are poor due to the war, including 1.2 million below the poverty line .
This group primarily needs food, medical care, and education. This is in addition to Palestinian refugees in Lebanon (half a million according to UNRWA report No. 302 of the year 2005), whose number is estimated today at 660 thousand refugees according to the population increase spectrum. Hence, there are four million people in Lebanon, including Lebanese citizens, Palestinian refugees, and displaced Syrians, living on and below the poverty line, all of whom need immediate urgent support.
Poor Lebanese due to war repercussions
Displaced Syrians
Palestinian refugees
Asian workers
Total number of people below the poverty line
2,025,000
1,500,000
600,000
100,000
4,225,000
UN Report of 30 April 2014 2014 UN Report Report of the Ministry of Social Affairs / National Poverty Targeting Program (NPTP) 2015
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5
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It is the natural right of each person to have access to food as well as medical, social, and educational care, which constitute the foundation for achieving peace and development. In this context, the government set up "the Social Activity Plan (SAP)" in May 2006 (1), which was approved in the Paris III Conference in 2007 and received funding from the World Bank. This plan aims to find means to reduce the effects of war in terms of poverty, illness, and illiteracy, which represent the most important causes of social collapse leading to delinquency and the dissolution of values and norms, by offering services and guiding support operations through the execution of the National Program that covers all social sectors. This program was only able to reach a small portion of the group of poor people that emerged as an outcome of war and that increased following the Syrian revolution and the displacement of 1.5 million Syrians to Lebanon.
One of the disadvantages of this program is that it did not define a family's income as an indicator of its economic situation. In addition to being inaccurate, such information is unprotected by the law and can be easily manipulated. Moreover, there is no available data on hourly remuneration, and if there is, the prevailing corruption hides the truth.
As for the assessment of the level of poverty, it only focused on the family’s social condition, number of children, number of working members, economic situation, and properties (household equipment and furniture).
Moreover family support was limited to USD 30 per month per family member, i.e. one dollar per day allotted to food supplies and health insurance to cover the unpaid 15% by the Ministry of Health.
As for education, assistance to families listed in the poverty program barely covers a child’s registration in public schools (100,000 LL per year) and the cost of books (100,000 LL).
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Social Affairs :
- There are 8621 citizens aged 60 and above who receive USD 30 per month for food, i.e. 0.42% of the total number of poor people. - There are 71,000 citizens who receive state education aid, i.e. 3.5% of the total number of poor people. - There are 314,780 citizens who receive health insurance coverage, i.e. 15.5% of the total number of poor people. - There are 19,000 patients whose medical expense differences in government hospitals were covered, i.e. 0.93% of the total number of poor people.
There is no doubt that food plays an important role in facing these challenges and their repercussions, and thus constitutes a large obstacle to the revolution of education and technology that is sweeping the world.
Therefore, it is necessary to free individuals from the inability to secure their basic needs in all sectors to enable them to deal with their formative and future needs. Consequently, eliminating poverty in all its forms became urgent, and the states began to arrange programs and apply measures to treat it instead of ignoring it, at a time when this problem has become more serious and complicated.
Ministry of Social Affairs Report, Poverty Program Statistics of the Center for Educational Research and Development 2012-2013
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Statistics of the ministry of Interior9
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1- Food 2- Medical treatment 3- Security 4- Education
Around 180,000 public school dropout students are poor, from the seventh to the twelfth grade (between 12-13 and 18-20 years old), as they focus more on securing their livelihood than on their education. Their priority is to stay alive. Since they lack the most basic need (food), education comes fourth in order of importance as follows :
Food Medical treatment
Security Education
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The General Frameworkof the Study and the Applied Methodology
1- The Study and its Significance:
This study falls within the framework of an attempted model for the diagnosis of the health, social and educational reality in Lebanon, which includes all ages. It aims to shed light on a large segment of people who experience instability and insecurity due to the war and the state’s neglect and have reached the point of destitution, and to consolidate belts of misery or slums in visible areas. It also falls within the overall context of a plan to provide assistance to all categories and segments without discrimination for any reason, to meet their life needs, and to develop their abilities in light of the current international challenges that require careful scrutiny of those needs.
However, the statistics and studies carried out by international and local institutions did not succeed in giving a clear picture of social reality or covering the indigent needs. They also appallingly failed in determining the degree of destitution and identifying misery belts in Beirut and other areas, which requires a comprehensive and expensive survey that was avoided by all the institutions, and even the state itself. Since a similar study is needed, it was evident to us as researchers to refer to the frequency of visits to dispensaries, as this is the first indicator of the poverty afflicting Lebanon.
In addition, this study refers to recommendations for securing a living for all, which were adopted by international conferences, especially the United Nations (UN) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
2- Identifying the Topic:
This study represents the first step of an aid project addressed to anyone on the Lebanese territory who suffers from a lack of adequate living, health, education and social conditions.
Phase I: The study, which focused on the administrative capital Beirut, aimed to find the location of the poor, as it was not specified by the institutions that distributed aid in the field. A comprehensive survey of Beirut reveals that it is home to half of the Lebanese population, i.e. 900 thousand Lebanese; 300 thousand Palestinians; 750 thousand Syrians (as opposed to 200 thousand before their migration); and 80,000 Asians. Hence, 2.03 million people live in an area of 85 km2, i.e. 24,000 people per square kilometer, or 24 people per square meter. (1)
This may be explained by the vertical construction system in Beirut.
Because of the existence of a system in which the constructed area multiplied ten to twelve folds, in addition to the extended misery belts adjacent to and overlapping with the Beirut suburbs, it is easier for migrants to move to the capital, where work and medical care are readily available .
Poverty belts located in the vicinity of Palestinian camps10
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How to deal with this population density, and what needs do institutions cover?
The study targets poor people of all affiliations and seeks to identify their whereabouts, given that institutions working in the field do not have specific addresses for them since they do not stay in one place. Also, conducting a survey for such a large number is quite expensive and would need two years to complete. As the crisis situation is not likely to wait, we resorted to the following:
- Voter lists- UNRWA statistics- United Nations statistics- UNHCR statistics - Ministry of social affairs- This study’s questionnaire form answers- ESCWA statistics- UNICEF statistics- Center for Educational Research and Development (CERD) statistics
Phase II: The target group in the study goes beyond the traditional concept to a broader and more comprehensive one that is in line with the reality of permanent social mobility for this category, as a result of the political and socio-economic status.
The expansion of the study to include the location of the targeted poor category is based on several factors, notably:
- The conviction among all who contributed to the distribution of aid (UNHCR-UN - civil society) that they improvised as much as possible to ensure speedy delivery of aid.
- The recommendations of international and regional conferences that adopted an advanced concept in line with the crisis requirements.
- The views of stakeholders (Besme Group) in an interview carried out for this purpose, which paired aid with the credibility of research.
- The rapid social transition for this category, which prevents its stability in a specific place, thus leading to locating them through the environment that provides their needs: work – medical care - education.
- The prohibitive cost of conducting a comprehensive and rapid survey of Beirut.
Based on this data, a poor person is defined as “a person who is unable to secure food and shelter that give him a sense of security, and unable to assimilate the displacement process, react to change, and make choices as a human being”.
“Moreover, a poor person is unable to subsist and assume their responsibilities toward themselves and their family in regard to the most basic needs of living”.1
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3- The Study Objectives:
General Objective:
This study seeks to diagnose accurately the reality of living, in order to propose concrete actions and measures, as well as programs commensurate with the needs and possibilities, thus meeting the needs of the largest possible number of individuals and making them more resilient to overcome this stage. Achieving this goal requires several components:
Specific objectives:
- Accurately diagnose the reality of living and identify their whereabouts, to support them and help them build themselves again.- Accurately diagnose the reality of education in the hotbeds of destitution, which are located in areas where clinics were established.
1. United Nations definition
- Measure the readiness and potential of dispensaries to provide the necessary assistance.
- Propose procedural and quick programs to address this reality in accordance with the general plan and a schedule identifying those responsible and the measures to be taken that may revolve around:
- Providing these groups with the necessary assistance to enable them to improve their living conditions and work on their rehabilitation and resilience.
- Giving young people the knowledge and skills that will help them to engage in life and adapt to the phase’s requirements, taking into account their abilities, preferences, and potential.
- Defining the framework of the study system, dispensaries, and institutions, to monitor the social, economic, health and educational needs and their corresponding path.
- Finding complementarities between assistance and guidance in accordance with the concepts of community and economic status quo in light of their increase in Lebanon.
4. Assumptions:
The study’s assumptions can be summarized as follows:
- Knowledge of the economic, social, educational and health status is coherent and represents a multi-faceted indicator, each facet referring to an individual’s social category.
- The capabilities of international institutions and their life aid do not fit the needs of the community.
- This aid came in the context of what could be improvised and does not represent an adequate solution, but rather a quick and limited one.
- There is a link between the social, health, educational and economic conditions, each one being an indicator of the community.
- Needs are the same for everyone, regardless of nationality or geographic and demographic affiliation.
- There is an urgent need for a diagnosis that defines the target group for receiving aid through observing their priority needs and identifying their locations.
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5- Methodology:
This study is methodologically divided into two sections:
5.1. Section I: contains theoretical data about the living conditions and development, as follows:- Review of some experiences of international institutions in providing assistance.
5.2. Section II: contains field work that constitutes this study’s major material. This covers the largest number of dispensaries located in the capital city Beirut (and in all of Lebanon) in places of need, which were selected based on scientific and legal requirements (licensing), as per data from the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Social Affairs.Ten indicators were determined to symbolize the types of services provided, thus signaling the deficiencies in the healthcare coverage.
This section deals with the following data:
1. Medical specialties and the number of doctors.2. The number of beneficiaries in 20143. The number of beneficiaries for 20154. The number of beneficiaries by location5. Dispensary classification6. Laboratories7. Characterization of the cost of medical care8. Covering the cost of the prescription9. Dispensary funding sources 10. Psychological support and dental care
5.2.1. Sample
Based on the study’s specified goal and in line with its requirements and abilities that do not allow for the examination and diagnosis of the reality of all the people in the target group, two factors were relied upon: dispensaries, and local and international institutions.
- Location: Beirut the capital- Level: The service sector:Covering the whole segmentFree and semi free
Table 1: The study sample was distributed according to the geographical areas in BeirutDispensaries: 18 (eighteen) dispensaries.Institutions: 13 (thirteen) institutions.
5.2.2. Tools of the study: First:Dispensary questionnaire: This first tool was addressed to the managers of dispensaries around Beirut, particularly in the most vulnerable environments.The goal of this questionnaire is to learn the number of beneficiaries and the type of services provided. This form included ten indicators that constitute the whole subject of the study in its various dimensions. (Appendix 1).
Second:Institution questionnaire: This second tool was applied under strict conditions and included a wide range of questions in line with the objectives of the research. (Appendix 2).What was achieved: an analysis of the two forms and an extraction of the charts to describe the reality, in addition to a comparison between them and the statistics issued by international institutions. A final page was allocated for potential notes to be added. The answers were cautious and limited.
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6- Limitations and Difficulties of the Study:
Limitations of the study:
The study was restricted to data on the field and to institutions active in Beirut as a dynamic model representing Beirut as a whole.
Difficulties:
The lack of trust in surveyors and the reluctance to answer, due to the presence in Lebanon of fake bodies and institutions, damaged social work, and the chaotic situation was exploited for personal and material purposes. This instilled fear of providing information that may be used against the interests of institutions or dispensaries. Thus, surveyors had to visit the same dispensary more than 5 times to carry out their mission. As for institutions, it was an impossible task. Some institutions seemed to be private companies owned by one person without any intention to provide any information.
A main difficulty was the permanent mobility of migrant Syrians who do not have any attachment to a place of residence and their constant desire to relocate and get closer to their families. This led to the formation of clusters named after the areas from which they were displaced, such as the Daraa cluster, Aleppo houses...
Since most dispensaries and institutions lack accurate statistics, their answers were approximate.
They also lacked information about the names, addresses and nationalities of their beneficiaries.
* Although all these factors increased the difficulty of the research in terms of both theoretical and field work, they in no way prejudiced the credibility of the realistic diagnosis of the problem and the target group.
7 - The Study Sections:
This study includes:
Section I: Introduction: What does the human fabric consist of in Beirut?
Section II: Introduction, which includes:Main issue of study Target groupDifficultiesSearch Tools: Analyze forms, extract numbers, and draw charts
Section III: Analysis of statistical tables and graphsDescription of reality and places discussed in study
Section IV: Results, facts, solutions
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8- Numbering
The statistical tables and graphs are numbered as follows:
Dispensaries are numbered from 1 to 18, with 10 indicators. Each dispensary bearing a number is the basis for tables emanating from it, with a chart number; such as: dispensary number one is the Health Directorate, Rafic Hariri.
The tables emanating from it, along with its chart, which represents the first indicator, all represent number 1.1. The number to the left is the dispensary number and the number to the right is the indicator number. Therefore, number 1.2 refers to the number of beneficiaries in 2014, and number 1.3 to the number of beneficiaries for 2015, etc. until the ten indicators contained in the questionnaire and listed in the introduction are covered. As for overall statistics pertaining to dispensaries, the chart carries the number 18, which is the calculated number of dispensaries and is mentioned on the left side, while the indicator number is put on the right side.
As for the 13 institutions, their number is to the left. There are five indicators for each institution, namely:
1. The number of beneficiaries for 20142. The number of beneficiaries for 20153. The number of beneficiaries by location4. Aid distribution centers5. Types of aid
The number 13 is the basis for numbering institutions and is placed on the left side while the indicator is on the right side. Table 13.1 indicates the number of beneficiaries for 2014, No. 1 (one), and the basis (the number of institutions) 13 as follows: the first table is 13.1, the second is 13.2, the third 13.3, etc. until all indicators are covered.
As for overall statistics pertaining to dispensaries, the chart carries the number 18, which is the calculated number of dispensaries and is mentioned on the left side, while the indicator number is put on the right side.
9- Data and Information Analysis for Dispensaries:
- 18 dispensaries and ten indicators: After analyzing the data of each dispensary separately, the following appears:
- Indicator number 1 – Number of doctors and their specialties: D 1.1 reveals that the total number of doctors in dispensaries is 840. - Distribution of doctors according to their specialties: All dispensaries include 420 general practitioners, which is good for a needy community but does not cover the needs for medical care. Indeed, two million needy people require a minimum of 20,000 doctors if we were to count one doctor for every 100 people.
Thus, all dispensaries need to increase the number of general practitioners, but face the financial obstacle of covering their cost.
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Adress
Numberof doctors:
Children
Gynecology
Dermatologist
Visual Diseases
Chest Diseases
Others
TaricEl Jadide
TareekAl Jadideh
TareekAl Jadideh
El Fakhani ZreikStreetEl Mazraa Aycha
BakkarBorj abiHaydar
Bachoura/BastaTahta
Kaskas RassNabeaa Zarif Malla
DarEl Fatwa/AychaBakar
DarEl Fatwa/AychaBakar
Basta ElFawka /Nwayre
Borj abiHaydar
Mousaytbeh
62 54 8 19 13 23 26 31 12 9 24 57 16 8 14 8 26 10 420
7 9 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 1 3 1 1 2 0 2 2 48
3 4 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 3 2 40
2 4 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 0 29
2 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 0 0 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 29
1 4 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 12
47 29 4 11 8 12 16 20 6 4 19 41 10 3 7 5 16 4 262
Table D1.1 reveals that there are 62 general practitioners in Rafic Hariri Dispensary / Tareek Al Jadideh, which is the greatest number among all dispensaries, followed by the Dispensary of Dar El Fatwa, with 57 doctors.
Then the number of doctors decreases to reach the minimum number as in Aicha Bakkar dispensary, social community dispensary, and the welfare dispensary, where there are only 8 doctors. Pediatrics is in continuous shortage in a young society where there are 22% newborns and 33% of children. If there are 2,113,000 persons and a third of these are children between the ages of 0-12 years old, then the number of children is 70,400, and they need a minimum of 704 pediatricians if we count one doctor for every 100 children. (1)
1. The Situation of Children in Lebanon, the Higher Council for Childhood (June 2004 report).
Through simple arithmetic, we can see that there are 1,226,000 beneficiaries of all dispensaries. It thus emerges that the city of Beirut is primarily ill-fated in regard to healthcare, as the capitalist elite make up 9%, with the privileged class representing 11%. They are followed by the educated middle class, representing 20%, which is at risk of becoming poor, and so 60% of the population of Beirut is destitute. (1)
Table D1.1
Name of theDispensary -1
Ra�c
Har
iri -
Dire
ctora
teof
Hea
lth
-3 Ai
sha B
akka
r Cha
ritab
leDi
spen
sary
-4 Ci
vil Am
bulat
ory
Serv
ice Ce
nter
-5 Bo
urj a
bi Ha
idar C
harit
able
Disp
ensa
ry /
Lam
ia Ba
yham
-6 Ta
akhi
Med
ical C
ente
r
-7 Ba
chou
ra M
edica
l Cen
ter
-8 Al
-Hor
j Med
ical C
ente
r
-9 D
irecto
rate
of he
alth
and s
ocial
serv
ices
-10 Z
arif M
edica
l Cen
ter
-11Is
lamic
Med
ical
Asso
ciatio
n
12 D
ar El
Fatw
a Gen
eral
Med
ical C
ente
r
-13 S
ando
uk Al
Zaka
t M
edica
l Cen
ter
-14 S
ocial
Com
mun
ity
-15 N
ajjed
ehDi
spen
sary
-16 C
harit
atble
Disp
ensa
ry
-17
Socia
l Refo
rm
Asso
ciatio
n Disp
ensa
ry
-18 M
azra
a Med
ical C
ente
r
Total
18-2 Ra
�c H
ariri
- Di
recto
rate
of H
ealth
15
Indicators No. 2 + 3 - Tables (D 1.2) and (D 1.3) - Data of beneficiaries for the years 2014 and 2015
They are an indicator of poverty during these two years.If we compare the number of doctors (420) in all the dispensaries with the number of beneficiaries (249,469) for 2014 (D 1.2), the number of patients per doctor per year is 593.9 patients. If we take into account the fact that each doctor spends one day a week at the dispensary, then they must see 12 patients per day, i.e. a ratio of 1/12 or 0.08.
During the first three months of 2015, there were 38,556 beneficiaries (D 1.3). Compared with the number of doctors in the dispensaries, there are 12,852 patients per month distributed across 420 doctors, meaning 19 patients per day per doctor, that is if each doctor comes in every day, while in reality they mostly are present one day a week.
There is an average of three doctors per day in a dispensary, so there are 57 patients per day.We also note that the number of patients increased in 2015 compared to 2014, as a result of the increase in the number of migrants.
However, the statistics provided by dispensaries are approximate, because most do not depend on fixed records and are not bound by the need for recording patient information. As for the nationalities of the beneficiaries, eight dispensaries were unable to determine them, while ten others gave approximate figures.
Indicator No. 4: Beneficiaries by Location:
This is one of the most important indicators, since it gives us the whereabouts of the needy and was included in the questionnaire for this purpose, as it will determine the areas of work of Besme. Syrians migrants seek to live next to their countrymen, as exile is daunting to most of them. They belong to a poor social class and have never even been to the capital Damascus. So how must they feel after moving to another country overnight?
Numberof bene�ciariesfor 2014:LebaneseNationality
Syrian
Palestinian
Egyptian
Othernationalities
3326 43719 9000 7690 4200 7200 8400 9600 8974 3839 18000 19550 21000 2800 9000 2600 16621 53950 249469
0 0 8500 4342 3600 6000 6000 7200 0 0 0 8000 0 2200 0 1000 0 22000 68842
0 0 500 2860 480 1200 1200 1200 0 0 0 8000 0 400 0 700 0 11582 28122
0 0 0 0 120 0 600 0 0 0 0 500 0 200 0 850 0 0 2270
0 0 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 10 0 0 180
0 0 0 488 0 0 0 1200 0 0Armenians , Bangladesh , Philippines
3000Asian 0 0 0
Bangladesh Ethiopia Iraq
0 1688
Numberof bene�ciariesfor 2015:LebaneseNationality
Syrian
Palestinian
Egyptian
Othernationalities
2162 3008 1015 988 4920 0 0 0 538 269 18000 1500 3000 335 1500 275 1046 0 38556
0 0 930 620 4500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 0 130 0 17000 23480
0 0 75 360 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 60 0 0 880
15 80 95
2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00
0 00 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0
0 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0
Name of theDispensary -1
Ra�c
Har
iri -
Dire
ctora
teof
Hea
lth
-3 Ai
sha B
akka
r Cha
ritab
leDi
spen
sary
-4 Ci
vil Am
bulat
ory
Serv
ice Ce
nter
-5 Bo
urj a
bi Ha
idar C
harit
able
Disp
ensa
ry /
Lam
ia Ba
yham
-6 Ta
akhi
Med
ical C
ente
r
-7 Ba
chou
ra M
edica
l Cen
ter
-8 Al
-Hor
j Med
ical C
ente
r
-9 D
irecto
rate
of he
alth
and s
ocial
serv
ices
-10 Z
arif M
edica
l Cen
ter
-11Is
lamic
Med
ical
Asso
ciatio
n
12 D
ar El
Fatw
a Gen
eral
Med
ical C
ente
r
-13 S
ando
uk Al
Zaka
t M
edica
l Cen
ter
-14 S
ocial
Com
mun
ity
-15 N
ajjed
ehDi
spen
sary
-16 C
harit
atble
Disp
ensa
ry
-17
Socia
l Refo
rm
Asso
ciatio
n Disp
ensa
ry
-18 M
azra
a Med
ical C
ente
r
Total
18-2 Ra
�c H
ariri
- Di
recto
rate
of H
ealth
16
If we look at the table (D 1.4), we find that 70% of the beneficiaries of the dispensary services live in its vicinity. Therefore, a dispensary is the perfect place for obtaining their addresses. As for the 20% of those who live in nearby areas, they indicate the presence of a specialty that is not available at a dispensary close to the patient's area of residence, which is the same reason why some patients seek medical care far from their places of residence.
In addition to seeking to live close to their fellow citizens, displaced Syrians were only able to find housing in poor neighborhoods due to low rent and the presence of free services, namely medical care and dispensaries that were established in these places to cater to the impoverished class. Moreover, where the state failed in its responsibilities, civil society associations sought to cover this shortage.
Indicator No. 5 (D 1.5) Dispensary Classification:
5.1. Number of Examination Rooms:According to statistics, there is a total of151 examination rooms in 18 dispensaries, i.e. 5.5 rooms per dispensary. This number does not meet the need of 57 patients per day, or 10.3 patients for every room. In case the examination of each patient requires one hour, a doctor would need ten hours to finish their work; while each doctor does not spend more than 3 hours at the dispensary.
5.2. Number of Nurses:There are 74 nurses only, i.e. four nurses per dispensary. This means that there isn’t one nurse in every examination room, and thus only 33% of the rooms include a nurse that helps the doctor and cleans the examination room after the patient leaves –a 67% shortage.
5.3. Presence of Pharmacies:There are only 15 pharmacies in 18 dispensaries. The medication is not free, and most of the time the pharmacy does not deliver all the necessary medicines. Thus, there is an 83% ratio of the presence of pharmacies, with a shortfall of 17%. As for the shortage of medication, it might reach 90%.
Number ofbene�ciaries byplace of residence(2014-2015):
Same locationof the clinic:
Nearbyclinics:
Remote areas:
0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
%60 %70 %90 %60 %70 %70 %70 %60 %70 %80 %70 %60 %70 %60 %100 %40 %60 %0 %64
Number ofnurses:
%30 %20 %10 %40 %30 %20 %20 %25 %20 %20 %20 %40 %30 %40 %0 %60 %40 0 %26
Number ofexamination rooms:
Is there anypharmacy:
%10 %10 0 0 0 %10 %10 %5 %10 0 %10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 %4
8 9 3 4 3 5 4 6 5 4 6 11 5 2 5 5 7 9 101
11 10 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 8 9 3 1 2 1 4 4 74
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 15
Name of theDispensary -1
Ra�c
Har
iri -
Dire
ctora
teof
Hea
lth
-3 Ai
sha B
akka
r Cha
ritab
leDi
spen
sary
-4 Ci
vil Am
bulat
ory
Serv
ice Ce
nter
-5 Bo
urj a
bi Ha
idar C
harit
able
Disp
ensa
ry /
Lam
ia Ba
yham
-6 Ta
akhi
Med
ical C
ente
r
-7 Ba
chou
ra M
edica
l Cen
ter
-8 Al
-Hor
j Med
ical C
ente
r
-9 D
irecto
rate
of he
alth
and s
ocial
serv
ices
-10 Z
arif M
edica
l Cen
ter
-11Is
lamic
Med
ical
Asso
ciatio
n
12 D
ar El
Fatw
a Gen
eral
Med
ical C
ente
r
-13 S
ando
uk Al
Zaka
t M
edica
l Cen
ter
-14 S
ocial
Com
mun
ity
-15 N
ajjed
ehDi
spen
sary
-16 C
harit
atble
Disp
ensa
ry
-17
Socia
l Refo
rm
Asso
ciatio
n Disp
ensa
ry
-18 M
azra
a Med
ical C
ente
r
Total
18-2 Ra
�c H
ariri
- Di
recto
rate
of H
ealth
17
Indicator No. 6: (D 1.6) Types of Imaging Technologies and Laboratories:
Dispensaries suffer from an acute shortage of laboratories, as there are only 9 laboratories in 18 dispensaries, meaning that half of those dispensaries operate without analysis laboratories, at a ratio of 50%.
Furthermore, there are only 5 tissue culture laboratories for 18 dispensaries (27%), i.e. a 73% shortage.There are only 10 echocardiography laboratories in 18 dispensaries (54%), i.e. a 46% shortage.There are only 6 medical imaging laboratories in 18 dispensaries (33%), i.e. a 67% shortage.As for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), it is offered by three laboratories only, which represents 16.5%, i.e. a shortage of 83.5%.
Indicator No. 7: (D 1.7) Characterization of the Cost of Medical Care (Consultation)
4 dispensaries offer free medical care13 dispensaries offer semi-free medical care9 dispensaries offer medical care at a discounted price1 dispensary offers medical care at regular price
In Lebanon, there are no 100% free medical cares, and even in the best dispensaries, patients have to pay at least 15,000 LL for a consultation.
Is there any X-RAY: testingIs there a ny MRIsection:
Others, please specify:
Is there anylaboratory:
Is there anyTransplantationlaboratory:
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 9
Is there anySonographylaboratory:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 5
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 10
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semi-free
Medical card:
Descriptionof services: Freeof charge
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 4
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 13
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 المعاينة1 مدفوعة
المعاينة مدفوعة
Name of theDispensary -1
Ra�c
Har
iri -
Dire
ctora
teof
Hea
lth
-3 Ai
sha B
akka
r Cha
ritab
leDi
spen
sary
-4 Ci
vil Am
bulat
ory
Serv
ice Ce
nter
-5 Bo
urj a
bi Ha
idar C
harit
able
Disp
ensa
ry /
Lam
ia Ba
yham
-6 Ta
akhi
Med
ical C
ente
r
-7 Ba
chou
ra M
edica
l Cen
ter
-8 Al
-Hor
j Med
ical C
ente
r
-9 D
irecto
rate
of he
alth
and s
ocial
serv
ices
-10 Z
arif M
edica
l Cen
ter
-11Is
lamic
Med
ical
Asso
ciatio
n
12 D
ar El
Fatw
a Gen
eral
Med
ical C
ente
r
-13 S
ando
uk Al
Zaka
t M
edica
l Cen
ter
-14 S
ocial
Com
mun
ity
-15 N
ajjed
ehDi
spen
sary
-16 C
harit
atble
Disp
ensa
ry
-17
Socia
l Refo
rm
Asso
ciatio
n Disp
ensa
ry
-18 M
azra
a Med
ical C
ente
r
Total
18-2 Ra
�c H
ariri
- Di
recto
rate
of H
ealth
Others, please specify:
18
Indicator No. 8: (D 1.8) Covering the Cost of the Prescription
18 dispensaries do not provide free medication6 dispensaries provide semi free medication14 dispensaries provide medication at a reduced price17 dispensaries sell medicine at normal price1 dispensary does not contain a pharmacy
Medication in Lebanon is a thriving business controlled by private sector traders. The state’s control is limited, and medication is not subsidized by the state. Rather, in many cases, several types of medicines are subject to monopoly and are only sold on the black market at exorbitant prices, not to mention the import of expired or adulterated drugs. A scandal was raised in regard to cancer drugs for containing only water instead of the antidote.
Indicator No. 9: (D 1.9) Dispensary Sources of Funding:
The eighteen dispensaries are funded through contributions and donations.
Free of Charge
Semi-Free
Discountedprice
PrescriptionExchange: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sources of Clinical Funding: 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 6
Normal price 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 14
1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 17
Ministry ofHealth:
Donationsand grants 11 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 14
Others,please specify:
0
Internationalinstitutions
00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00Al Hariri Al Hariri Al Hariri Al HaririMakasidAssociation
MakasidAssociation
MakasidAssociation
DonationsZakatFund
Foundation
NajedehParty
Contractingwith the
Ministry ofSocial
A�airs andindividualdonations
Dispensaryincomeequally
betweenthe doctors
and theclinic -adoah
of YMCA
Name of theDispensary -1
Ra�c
Har
iri -
Dire
ctora
teof
Hea
lth
-3 Ai
sha B
akka
r Cha
ritab
leDi
spen
sary
-4 Ci
vil Am
bulat
ory
Serv
ice Ce
nter
-5 Bo
urj a
bi Ha
idar C
harit
able
Disp
ensa
ry /
Lam
ia Ba
yham
-6 Ta
akhi
Med
ical C
ente
r
-7 Ba
chou
ra M
edica
l Cen
ter
-8 Al
-Hor
j Med
ical C
ente
r
-9 D
irecto
rate
of he
alth
and s
ocial
serv
ices
-10 Z
arif M
edica
l Cen
ter
-11Is
lamic
Med
ical
Asso
ciatio
n
12 D
ar El
Fatw
a Gen
eral
Med
ical C
ente
r
-13 S
ando
uk Al
Zaka
t M
edica
l Cen
ter
-14 S
ocial
Com
mun
ity
-15 N
ajjed
ehDi
spen
sary
-16 C
harit
atble
Disp
ensa
ry
-17
Socia
l Refo
rm
Asso
ciatio
n Disp
ensa
ry
-18 M
azra
a Med
ical C
ente
r
Total
18-2 Ra
�c H
ariri
- Di
recto
rate
of H
ealth
19
Indicator No. 10 (D 1.10): Psychological Support and Dental Care
10.1. Psychological support: Only two dispensaries offer this service.
It is regrettable that mental health is ignored in Lebanon and in other Arab countries. Moreover, since psychiatry is associated with mental disorders, people avoid visiting a psychiatrist for fear of social stigma. This cultural backward thinking is due to the media, which failed to shed light on this matter.Because people in our communities focus mostly on securing a living and are impervious to any other aspect, violence is common in our communities, and individual prevails, before resorting to the law, or to the state.
10.2. Dental care: 15 out of 18 dispensaries (83%) include a dental clinic at a reduced cost.
This is in general, but more specifically, effective dispensaries that meet medical specifications and cover patient requirements are unavailable. Indeed, all the dispensaries need to increase the number of doctors to cover patient needs. If we look at the number of people receiving treatment, it does not mean that the dispensaries cover the needs of 1.6 to 2 million people, but that the statistics only include cases that were recorded by the management. This is not to mention that most residents cannot afford spending on medical care, even at minimal rates. Without this income, most of the dispensaries cannot continue providing assistance.
This leads us to acknowledge the existence of self-medication. This is widespread in Lebanon, especially if medicine is readily available in pharmacies, and patients do not need a doctor's prescription. The pharmacist has the same role as the doctor in prescribing the appropriate medicine.
As a result, and in the absence of any control, no one I held accountable for any complications, and death awaits at the door of the poor.
Is there anypsychological support 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Is there anydental clinic 01 1 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 2 1 15
Name of theDispensary -1
Ra�c
Har
iri -
Dire
ctora
teof
Hea
lth
-3 Ai
sha B
akka
r Cha
ritab
leDi
spen
sary
-4 Ci
vil Am
bulat
ory
Serv
ice Ce
nter
-5 Bo
urj a
bi Ha
idar C
harit
able
Disp
ensa
ry /
Lam
ia Ba
yham
-6 Ta
akhi
Med
ical C
ente
r
-7 Ba
chou
ra M
edica
l Cen
ter
-8 Al
-Hor
j Med
ical C
ente
r
-9 D
irecto
rate
of he
alth
and s
ocial
serv
ices
-10 Z
arif M
edica
l Cen
ter
-11Is
lamic
Med
ical
Asso
ciatio
n
12 D
ar El
Fatw
a Gen
eral
Med
ical C
ente
r
-13 S
ando
uk Al
Zaka
t M
edica
l Cen
ter
-14 S
ocial
Com
mun
ity
-15 N
ajjed
ehDi
spen
sary
-16 C
harit
atble
Disp
ensa
ry
-17
Socia
l Refo
rm
Asso
ciatio
n Disp
ensa
ry
-18 M
azra
a Med
ical C
ente
r
Total
18-2 Ra
�c H
ariri
- Di
recto
rate
of H
ealth
20
13
3,990,747
40,901
3,949,196
300
220
80
50
Total No. of Foundations
Number of bene�ciaries by nationality for 2014
Lebanese
Syrian
Palestinian
Egyptian
Sudanese
Other nationalities
2,116,819
159,029
1,957,540
40
210
0
0
Number of bene�ciaries by nationality for 2015
Lebanese
Syrian
Palestinian
Egyptian
Sudanese
Other nationalities
10 – Analyzing the work of institutions: Comparing the work of institutions among themselves
Indicator No. 1: Number of beneficiaries in 2014
In 2014, aid was provided to 7,981,494 people by UNHCR, the United Nations, ESCWA, the Zakat Fund of Dar al-Fatwa, and Makhzoumi Foundation.
This figure gives the impression that double the number of residents in Lebanon was covered, including Lebanese, foreigners, and migrant workers. In fact, this humanitarian aid merely covers food supplies and does not fully cover individual needs. Food rations are distributed to displaced Syrians monthly, each worth thirty US dollars.
If we divide these 7,981,494 rations by 12 months, we get a result of 665,124 rations per month, which barely covers 1/3 of the 1.5 to 2 million displaced people.
In 2015 (Table M 2.13), there were 7,981,494 beneficiaries in the first three months, i.e. 2,660,498 a month. These numbers affect nearly all Syrian refugees, whose total number exceeds 2.5 million. This is the truth that the United Nations is trying to obscure, as this aid may have been distributed to Syrians and non-Syrians and does not show in the United Nations records.
Indicator No. 2: Number of beneficiaries in 2015
If we were to exclude the statistics from the Zakat Fund Aid (7 270 individuals), the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (138,159 individuals), and the Maqassed Foundation (13,555 individuals), the United Nations aid would amount to 7,700,515, and the result barely changes. Therefore, according to the aid distributed, the number of displaced people reaches 2,566,838. Thus, the United Nations aid is the same since 2014, despite the continuing influx of refugees into Lebanon.
21
71%
40%
14%
11%
2%
0%
5%
0%
0%
Number of bene�ciaries by Place of Residence
Beirut
North
Akkar
South
Nabatiyeh
Bekaa
Mount Lebanon
Baalbek -Hermel
41
10
9
11
5
4
2
Types of aid
Food
Clothing
Medical treatment
Rent housing
Financial aid
Psychological support
31
12
10
9
Total locations of aid distribution
Through foundations
Through clusters centers
Through associations
Indicator No. 3: Beneficiaries according to their place of residence:
According to Table M 3.13, the beneficiaries live in the vicinity of dispensaries and their surroundings with a narrow difference that is not worth mentioning.
Indicator No. 4: Aid distribution sites:Table M 4.13 lists the aid distribution sites and centers designated by the major international institutions: the United Nations, UNHCR, and ESCWA.As for local institutions such as Dar al Fatwa, Maqassed, the Ministry of Social Affairs, and Makhzoumi Foundation they distribute aid at their premises.
Therefore, the aid of local organizations benefits the most people located in their surroundings. As for international organizations, since they adopt specific distribution centers, refugees experience difficulty to move around either due to their ignorance of the locations or the hardship and lack of money for transportation. Therefore, aid cannot be delivered to specific streets and spots where the needy are mostly present, because of the security situation in Lebanon since every street has become a sectarian or political epicenter.
Indicator No. 5: Types of Aid:
As previously mentioned, Table M 5.13 shows food aid only (ration boxes), which does not cover an individual’s needs per month.
22
Center for Educational Research and Development (CERD), Statistical Bulletin, 2012 - 2013.Dr. Mona Diab, Study of public school setting, 2013-2014, which was discussed on TV.Center for Educational Research and Development (CERD), Statistical Bulletin 2012 - 2013.Center for Educational Research and Development (CERD), my study, 2010 - 2011.
11
12
11
12
13
14
13
14
11. The Status of Education in Lebanon:
In line with the research’s vision for the diagnosis of “the living, economic, social and learning conditions in Lebanon”, and with the facts and information analysis that contribute to the formation of the statistical educational base regarding schools and educational reality in Beirut, and in view of improving this reality, we found it scientifically necessary to deal with the problem of education in Lebanon in this study. Indeed, it is a source of anxiety and fear and must be mended, since a quarter of the Lebanese people are school-aged.
The most important reform steps lie in transforming the educational statistics into indicators to be analyzed to support any future projects.
Educational statistics in Lebanon do not only reflect the number of pupils, but also the educational reality through school failure, repeated classes, and delay in terms of the average class age .
It should be noted that the education statistics described in our research pertain to public education, vocational and technical education, and university education.
Thus, the status of education in Lebanon is as follows: There are 1 million pupils in Lebanon from the nursery until the completion of university studies. This is a good indicator, as it means that 22% of the Lebanese are in various stages of education.
But if we carefully examine the status of education, we see that the number of students in basic education starts with 405,000 pupils then diminishes during the first year up to half this number, i.e. 200,000 pupils. In the seventh grade, there is a 23% dropout rate. Moreover, the number of pupils who complete the basic education stage, i.e. the ninth grade, is about 60,000 students. After their secondary education, 90,000 pupils reach university and only 22% graduate .
Through the results of statistics and studies, we can see that the rate of failure in education is as follows:
- Primary: 11.2% failure in one year, 8.2% failure in more than two years, so the ratio of school lags in primary school is 19.4%.- Intermediate: 17.3% failure in one year, 14.6% failure in more than two years, so the ratio of school lags is 31.9%.- Secondary: 17.9% failure in one year, 9.6% failure in more than two years, so the ratio of school lags is 27.5%.
The percentage of students who fell behind in their studies compared to other students in their class:
In the primary stage: 38.3%In the intermediate stage: 55.1%In high school: 40.1%
It should be noted in this context that public schools only include 30.7% of the number of students in Lebanon, while the remaining students go to private schools , since parents do not trust public schools and services. Indeed, it suffices to know that 40% of public schools have no potable water, while 60% of them have no water whatsoever to use, and this is reflected negatively on the school cleanliness .
Under the burden of want and need, the destitute educate their children in public schools that are close to their homes to avoid transportation expenses.
23
Comparison to explainthe educational situationin Lebanon
Ministry of Education and Higher Education between Teaching and Education:
The Statistics of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 (CERD)
Students in Public Schools
The number of students in public schools in 2012: 943,763 students. The number of students in public schools in 2013: 912,070 students.
Number of Students in Public Schools up to baccalaureate class: Statistics as an indicator of dropouts:
The number of students in public schools in 2012: 275,655 students. The number of students in public schools in 2013: 299,245 students.
In contrast, the number of Syrian students reached 60,000 in 2013 according to statistics by CERD and the Ministry of Education and Higher Education.
Moreover, the number of Iraqi students reached 1625 according to statistics by CERD and the Ministry of Education and Higher Education.
A simple calculation reveals that there are 237,620 Lebanese students, with a 16% dropout rate compared to the year 2012, i.e. a total of 38,035 pupils.
This is in addition to population growth, which is equivalent to 0.02 = 10,000 humans that need to start school each year, and which we did not take into account in our statistics.
The total cumulative dropouts for the three previous years are 45,000 dropouts.
Consequently, 93,035 school-age students drop out, i.e. up to 39%.
In a study conducted by Dr. Abdel Fattah Khodor on dropouts and published in An-Nahar newspaper in 2009, it was revealed that 27% of students drop out of school before reaching the seventh grade, which facilitates the return to illiteracy.
The drop-out rate in the basic stage of education is 37% of the total number of students and 27% at the secondary level. Consequently, 1/6 of high school graduates successfully complete their university education.
24
CERD, Statistical Bulletin, 2012 to 2013.15
15
According to CERD statistics:
There are 1275 public schools, with 29% Lebanese students and 1075 private schools with 71% Lebanese students.
The question here is: why do private schools accommodate such a large number of students contrary to public schools?Why don’t we provide enough schools to cover the needs of school-aged Lebanese students?
Vocational educationThe number of students in public schools = 36,675The number of students in private schools = 53,106Total = 89,781 studentsOf whom only 14,377 students graduate3063 students reach the certificate of technical excellence And 764 students go on to have a university education
Lebanese UniversityIt comprises 38.3 % of university students in Lebanon, amounting to 12,635 students of whom 38.8% graduate each year.
Private universitiesThere are 118,924 students in private universities, of whom 19,968 graduate .
Illiteracy in Lebanon:In a study we conducted in 1997 under the title: Illiteracy from the age of 15-25 years, the outcome was as follows: 22% of the approximate (in the absence of accurate statistics) population of Lebanon is illiterate. The population count issued by the Ministry of Social Affairs in the sample is 4.5 million for the year 1998. Today, if we count the demographic increase, there is a population of 5.2 million people.
Illiteracy affects today 29% of the population (5.2 million inhabitants). This means that there are 1.508 million illiterate people in Lebanon, a quarter of the population almost.
The reasons for the proliferation of illiteracy:
School dropouts at the level of basic education
1. Poverty, 2. Disease, and3. Ignorance (The trinity of underdevelopment par excellence)This is in addition to:
4. Wars5. Educational system (to become the fifth element of underdevelopment).
The most important causes of underdevelopment and its consequences are: unemployment and foreign labor, in addition to the painful reasons relating to the conditions of work in the Gulf States, which have resorted to wage cuts, because the Lebanese labor supply is more than the demand. The Arab labor was even replaced by Asian labor because it is less costly and safer after the intervention of Lebanese groups in the security of countries in which they work, and the lack of security inside Lebanon, which has a direct impact on all economic facilities.
25
Lebanese market:
The Lebanese labor market cannot absorb more than 2% of university graduates and 6% of vocational school graduates, and 22% of temporary workers are illiterate.
Statistics are from the CERD Statistical Bulletin 2012-2013 with regard to education.The labor statistics are from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Labor.
What do these statistics mean?
1. Educational failure in public schools:
The Ministry of Education problem starts upon the enrollment of students at the beginning of each academic year. By observing the movement of society and the population in any region in Lebanon at this time, students can be seen standing at the doors of public schools, each one holding his papers, and dragging his parent to the nearest school to his place of residence.
The director is completely free not to sympathize or grant admission, without discussing the reasons and causes. In fact, directors have a thousand arguments, including the lack of places, and the argument that the number of students applying for registration exceeds the number of places available. The student may therefore be deprived of the right to education, which was stipulated in the first article of the Lebanese constitution (Right to Education), due to the absence of a clear registration mechanism and to the unawareness of the students and their parents of their civil and social rights… this is why awareness should be raised at every Lebanese family starting with the householder down to the youngest family member.
The reasons do not stop at the director alone, as the state did not anticipate the actual need to cover the growing number of pupils and did not prepare school premises accordingly. If the number of schools and their locations were in line with the need to proper regional distribution, there would have been intense competition among schools in terms of quality of education and attracting students. In the sixties and seventies, there was an excess of academic seats in public schools compared to the number of students, prompting these schools to compete in the quality of education, management, and hard work to achieve high success rates in official examinations, so as to attract the largest number of students. Some schools were even named after their directors in honor of their achievements in the field of education.
It should be noted that this growing problem (shortage in public schools) exists in Beirut only, as there is a surplus of schools in the South that are almost empty from pupils. On the other hand, some villages in the Bekaa lack the proper number of schools to meet the needs of students (Arsal, for example, suffers from a shortage in the number of schools and classes, especially after the influx of displaced Syrian students to public schools).
Characterization of some cases of refusal to register some students in public schools:
The registration of some students in the Baccalaureate class was rejected because of their large stature, as the director felt afraid for his safety in a country in chaos with no one to protect him at the school. Moreover, it is easier to control students who have a smaller stature… But it seems the director forgot that a 17 year old student is soon going to become a man….
Moreover, another student’s registration was rejected because he was good-looking. As the director explained: “In a co-ed school, how will I be able to control all those young girls?”
Also, what then is the role of the school and teachers in raising awareness? Why was the concept of comradeship not reinforced in public school although this gender issue cost the Ministry of Education millions of dollars? We no longer hear about this project, and it seems to have vanished along with its budget
Angels do not learn in public schools, and public school officials must seek to bring back bad students to the correct path; it is their duty not to throw them into the street.
26
“My Education”, CERD, 2013-2015My Education, World Bank, CERD, USAID.17
16
16
17
Some of the most surprising cases include the refusal to register a pupil in a public school, and his acceptance in another public school, or the failure of a student in the entrance exam of a public school, then his success in the same exam in other public schools.
There are many cases of rejection, and there is a great deal of shameful forms of extortion applied on students and their family.
The issue of public schools: the reasons for the collapse of public education
The problem started in public schools in 1975, when the political decision was made to deliberately neglect public schools through the following:1. Appoint an inept educational body, and all the training workshops for teachers conducted by the ministry and CERD did nothing to change the educational results. The biggest proof of this is the results of the ninth grade official examinations, where 86% of students did not receive the passing grade of 9/20 in the Arabic language in the 2012-2013 official exams.A study conducted by CERD every year ostentatiously informs us that public school students ranked first both in the Arab world and the West! On what do they base their findings?2. A management that is loyal to politicians and operates under their orders.3. Dilapidated buildings that were not subjected to maintenance for years and the ministry remains unconcerned with this matter.In this regard, CERD completed a research titled “My Education” on school buildings that was funded by the US Aid Program . It revealed that 60% of the buildings are unfit for use with unusable toilets, and that 80% of schools did not have any potable water, either because of lack of water reservoirs or because of lack of water connection, etc. Therefore, public school students must remain thirsty because there are no toilets to evacuate the water they drink. Let us not tackle the issue of cleanliness, knowing that public schools employ 5461 persons, including the director, the supervisor, and the administrative staff. Where is educational inspection? 4. Cancellation of parents committees, so that the administration is not held accountable for overstepping the law. In case there is a committee, it is subject to the consent of the director out of fear for their children who go to the school.
All these shortages led to the following:
Dropouts represent an active market for militias:
Among the most serious outcomes of the collapse of public schools is that they can be the largest source of recruits in militia and the grounds of civil wars. Most of the militia members are poor public school dropout students, if not destitute.
Dropouts become militiamen, outlaws, thieves, con artists, and drug traders. The deterioration of public school education led to the increase of the aforementioned, contributing to the large number of civil war militias, fraud and theft networks, and prostitution rings.
Civil wars engaged thousands of young people aged 16-35 years, and affected three successive generations over thirty years who were driven by poverty, ignorance, and conspiracy through a carefully planned strategy against public schools and young people.
After the end of the civil war, the Ministry of Education and Higher Education became aware that the curriculum did not reinforce the sense of citizenship among young people. This means that the Lebanese do not feel a sense belonging to the homeland and are not aware of their rights and obligations.
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The state forgot that the sense of citizenship is a joint issue between the state and the citizen which educational impact is equal in terms of influencing and be influenced.
The sense of citizenship is neither a lesson memorized by the pupil at school, nor a lecture in the media, nor a religious fatwa or preaching calling for love of one’s country and giving a sense of citizenship. In fact, citizenship is a practice repeated by state regulations and officials, which maintains the rights and dignity of citizens and makes them feel important, as it exists to serve their needs, and is the role model in maintaining the laws and regulations.
In a special study conducted before, single question was asked to 400 pupils across the Lebanese territory aged 13-16 years: “Please define homeland”.
The results were as follows:60% of the students: No answer, which means that 240 pupils do not care about the word itself.22.5% of the students answered: “Lebanon”, i.e. 99 pupils who actually replied to their understanding of the question: What is the name of your country?48 pupils, i.e. 12%, aged 14-16 years, answered: “We are looking for a homeland”. 22 pupils, i.e. 5.5%, answered: “What homeland? It's a big lie....”
Since 1998, public education has seriously deteriorated in favor of militias and private schools. If we calculate the number of militia members existing today in the street and wreaking havoc in the state, their number would converge with that of dropouts from public schools from 2008 to 2013, with the exception of those who emigrated for good.
Private education:
Causes of its success: the low level of education in public schools, because of incompetent teachers who were appointed by political favoritism without regard to their skills. This is in addition to the deterioration of public school buildings and mismanagement in dealing with students. All this prompted the middle class (that has ceased to exist today), to resort to private schools, even if it is at the expense of the simple luxuries it used to enjoy. This implies the classification of pupils on the basis of economic class, as those who are unable to pay the cost of private school education, go to public schools.
Types of private schools:
Private schools include 516,756 pupils who make up 54% of the overall number of pupils. With distinctive quality education, private schools have high tuition fees that are the privilege of a particular social class, as they range between USD 6000 and USD 15,000 per year. These schools are free to choose their curriculum, and the Ministry of Education has no authority over them.
Private schools supported by missionaries also offer a high quality education, with annual tuition fees ranging between four million and eight million Lebanese pounds.
Free private schools are the biggest affliction imposed by the Ministry of Education on the education sector, as they include 14% of the overall number of students, i.e. 136,597 pupils. These schools were created in 1996, when the demand for public schools exceeded the offer. The Ministry of Education came up with free private education, supporting two thirds of the tuition fees to cover the shortfall in public schools. This was meant to be a provisional measure, until the ministry solved the problem of public schools, from the buildings to the rehabilitation.
The ministry contented itself with this measure and maintained free private schools without any control or inspection, until they became a center for the graduation of illiterates and the source of dropouts spilling into the labor market before reaching the seventh grade.
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Indicators of Educational Failure in Lebanon: Ultimately, we can say that the state and all the educational bodies failed in the education sector, as per the following indicators:
1- Dropouts:
Until now (2015) the number of Lebanese students who attended public schools does not exceed 55% of the number of students of the academic year 2012-2013. This is because there are no available places in classes or because parents could not afford to pay the registration fees and the price of books. If we calculate the gradual increase of the population, we would note that only 30% are back to school out of the total number of students who should be attending.
2- The emergence of religious movements within party and militia frameworks:
Religious movements emerged due to the absence of state institutions and the loss of the citizens’ feeling of being protected, the loss of any reference, the lack of a national sense of belonging, and the veneration of religious leaders to fill the lack of leadership. This is in addition to the flow of money from abroad to buy militias, where the price of an individual ranges between USD 500 and USD 1000, under the ‘legitimate’ cover of the cost of paradise.
3- Unemployment:
When the ratio of finding employment for graduates of the Lebanese University does not exceed 2%, and 6% for graduates of vocational institutions, and the unemployment rate is 80%, this reveals the state’s poor planning as a whole, in addition to poor educational planning. The Ministry of Education is the sole responsible for this, as it never put a single realistic target for its curricula, saying only “we build through education”. One of the education sector hypocrites said in his speech in front of the Minister of Education: “Scientists will graduate from our public schools”. The Lebanese people have turned into job seekers who think of emigrating and the nation has been turned into a land without a map.
4- Illiteracy:
Illiterate people in Lebanon today constitute a quarter of the population. No wonder, since the Lebanese law requires a Bachelor’s degree to apply for the position of head of department but does not even require a high school diploma to fill any political office.
5- Corruption:
The main enemy of citizens and the nation is the widespread corruption. We believe that the Ministry of Education will adopt all measures for preventing the corruption in education, if it exists, and promote the right to education for all children without any discrimination regardless of gender, religion, ethnicity, financial situation, geographic location, political tendency.
6- Emotional state of students in public schools:
Public schools do not take into account the students’ emotional state and their administration is not aware of the social class they are dealing with. There is a huge lack of communication with the students. The story goes that one of the students in the eighth grade was absent from school for a week, and when the supervisor asked him to bring in his guardian, the student explained to him that he was absent because his father passed away. The supervisor told him, “Then you can stay away for two days, not a whole week”!
29
When 400 pupils were asked about their relationship with the teachers and the school, the result was as follows:
Q – Give me the name of one of your teachers.
360 pupils answered that they do not remember the name of any teacher.40 pupils answered with the name of the subject, not the teacher: the teacher of Arabic, the sports teacher....
Clearly, teachers in public schools did not communicate with their students and did not build a relationship with them. This is the most important educational failure in public schools.
This is not to mention the lack of educational guidance and planning, which is supposed to help students with their educational path and direction. Therefore, most dropouts have not heard of the so-called professional guidance and join workshops to learn a craft, despite the risks involved, which are related to work and sexual harassment.
12. Conclusion and Recommendations:
The historical problem in the Arab world, namely:
1. The triad of poverty, ignorance and disease, which we should work on addressing and alleviating through a constructive development methodology.2. States do not adopt effective strategies in the development of their societies.
Recommendations for taking care of the health of citizens and residents
3. The Lebanese state must take care of the healthcare and health of citizens and residents outside the framework of civil society.4. Dispensaries must be fitted with recent equipment, especially with regard to medical imaging technology.5. Dispensaries must be equipped with the essential laboratories.6. Securing all types of medicine, no matter how rare, through the best and easiest ways.7. Take care of persons with disabilities who now make up a large segment of society as a result of the neglect of the state and its lack of interest in the health of pregnant women.8. Take care of people with chronic diseases, securing their monthly medication doses to cover their needs.9. Secure pre-emptive vaccines for communicable diseases.10. Take care of the health of infants and newborns.11. Establish centers and clinics for the mental health of the family.12. Revive the municipal baths in the regions because of their usefulness in spreading a culture of cleanliness, and eliminating scabies and lice outbreaks. 13. Spread the culture of birth control.
Educational recommendations:
14. Concerning school age Lebanese and migrants, we must work to restore their school attendance, either in formal education or professional or craft learning, in order to prevent them from using or trading drugs and joining the militias.15. Revive the literacy classes in all areas of Beirut, particularly in the Sabra district, Tarik al Jdideh, Bachoura, Khandak Al Ghamik, Rehab, and Sabra and Mar Elias Camps, since learning is of primordial importance in the face of social vices.
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16. Establish support centers for pupils who lag behind their peers in their studies, and secure part-time teachers. 17. Establish educational activities in public schools that encourage cooperation and teach students to resolve conflicts, enshrining their love of peace and citizenship.18. Take care of public schools in terms of buildings and equipment, provide drinking water for pupils, and ensure the cleanliness of the schools through tight surveillance of cleaning workers, in addition to teaching students to maintain the school as well.19. Provide public school teachers with training courses for a year to help them become qualified for their educational role. 20. Increase the number of public schools to accommodate dropouts and new migrant arrivals, in addition to calculating the expected population increase for the five subsequent years, particularly in the areas of overpopulation: Tarik al Jdideh, Sabra, Musaytbeh, Rehab, Khandak Al Ghamik, Bachoura, Basta....21. Rehabilitation of UNRWA schools in the refugee camps of Sabra and Mar Elias, and setting up a school in the Shatila camp.22. Involve the Ministry of Youth and Sports to revive the sports education aiming to participate in games on the national level and abroad.23. Work on the establishment of sports clubs in all regions and on all weekdays and holidays, for people to spend their free time engaging in sports activities they like.
Recommendations for Women:
24. Establish women's empowerment centers in Beirut, especially in poor areas, and teach them productive crafts to support their family, such as stitching, embroidery, bead stitching...25. Encourage needy women to engage in the labor and production market, by allocating guidance and counseling offices in all the dispensaries and planned empowerment centers. 26. Set up exhibitions to market the production of women enrolled in empowerment programs to encourage them to continue in this direction and motivate others.
- As long as there is a lack of development plans, the Arab world will continue to export extremism. The efforts and programs implemented to combat poverty, which is the core problem in Lebanon, are insufficient to accommodate and meet the needs resulting from war repercussions, especially as they do not rely on accurate or even approximate statistics and data. As for the situation of refugees, it is more serious because it is subject to political bickering before taking into account the humanitarian needs...Therefore, the solution is in identifying needs and the type of programs to be implemented, which could bear fruit, if implemented scientifically.
This study is the product of 32 brainstorming sessions between Besme group and Thrakos Research Center, which resulted in:
Data on dispensaries: 470 statistical tables and 370 graphsData on institutions: 65 statistical tables and 65 graphsTotal: 535 statistical tables and 435 graphs
If these results were carried out in a scientific manner within targeted development programs, they would lead to the establishment of a developed and innovative community.
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13 -Public schools on or below the poverty line in Beirut according to the Ministry of Education lists Number of public schools in Lebanon: 1272 schools Number of students: 299,245 students Number of public schools in administrative Beirut: 64 schools Number of students: 14,602 students French language = F English language = E
School Nb.
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
School Name Address Nb. Of Students Language
Uruguay intermediate school for boys and girls
Tabaris intermediate school for girls
Achra�eh 3 school for girls and boys
Achra�eh 1 secondary school for boys
Achra�eh 2 secondary school for girls and boys
Salma Sayegh intermediate school for girls
Laure Mughayzel secondary school for girls
Achra�eh intermediate school for girls and boys
Karm El Zaitoun intermediate school for girls and boys
Higher Beirut intermediate school for girls
Msaytbeh school for boys
Hawd El Welayeh 1 for girls and boys
Adlieh
Tabaris
Jeitawi
Achra�eh- Adib Isak street
Achra�eh – Adib Isak street
Achra�eh – Zahar street
Achra�eh – Chahrour street
Achra�eh – Mar Louis street - Jeitawi
Achra�eh - Motran Ghafrayel Street
Khandak el Ghamiq, Daoud Amoun street
Basta Tahta – Maamoun Street
Albachoura- Kharsa Street
159
158
147
158
158
133
461
124
44
137
27
64
F
F
E
F
E
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
32
School Nb. School Name Address Nb. Of Students Language
Almustakbal school for girls and boys
Zkak El Blat school for girls and boys
Public school for girls 2
Al Mufty Hassan Khaled secondary school
Burj Abu Haidar kindergarten for girls and boys
Wata Msaytbeh school for girls and boys
Zahya Salman secondary school for girls and boys
Al Namuzajiyah for girls and boys
Fakhr El Deen al Maana secondary school for girls
King Saud intermediate school for girls
Erchad school for girls
Mazraa 1 intermediate school for boys
Basta 2 intermediate school for girls and boys
Ras El Nabeh secondary school for boys
Beirut al Horch secondary school for girls and boys
Basta 1 school for boys
Tarik El Jadida 1 intermediate school for girls
Tarik El Jadida 1 for girls and boys
15
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
32
34
35
Albachoura- Kharsa Street
Zkak El Blat – Boutros Boustany street
Msaytbeh- Mustapha Naja street
Burj Abu Haidar- Hawd al Welayah
Musaytbeh-Hassan Mudawar street
Wata Msaytbeh- Boustany street
Bir Hassan
Bir Hassan – Cite Sportive street
Burj Abou Haidar-Abdul Ghani Ariss street
Burj Abu Haidar-Maary Street
Burj Abu Haidar – Mosbah Chbalo Street
Burj Abu Haidar-Maary Street
Burj Abu Haidar –Sibai Street
Ras El Nabeh- Mahmasani Street
Burj Abu Haidar- Sibai Street
Ras El Nabeh- Omar Bin Khattab Street
Malaab- Rawas Street
Horch – Kaskas Street
220
198
458
124
169
222
379
272
515
163
322
37
208
242
215
214
263
398
E
F
F
F
F&E
F
F&E
F
F
F
F&E
F
F&E
F
E
F
F&E
F&E
33
School Nb. School Name Address Nb. Of Students Language
Jamil Rawas secondary school for boys
Omar Farukh secondary school for girls
Ibtihaj Kaddura intermediate school for girls and boys
Warda Yaziji kindergarten for girls and boys
Tarik El Jadida 3 primary school for girls
Ras El Naba 2 for girls
Ras El Naba 1 for girls
Basta 1 for girls and boys
Tarik El Jadida 2 for girls
Subhi Saleh intermediate school for girls and boys
Jnah intermediate school for girls and boys
Ras El Naba 2 for girls and boys
Abdullah Alaily secondary school for girls
Omar Zenny intermediate school for girls and boys
Emily Sursock intermediate school for girls and boys
Omar Ounsi kindergarten for girls and boys
Amin Beyham primary school for girls and boys
Sobhi Mahmasany secondary school for girls and boys
38
40
41
42
43
44
45
47
48
49
91
1406
1477
1523
1524
1526
1527
1529
Tarik El Jadida-Rawas Street
Tarik El Jadida-Cite Sportive
Bir Hassan –Cite Sportive
Horch –Hamad Street
Horch –Hamad Street
Ras El Naba- Mohamad Hout Street
Ras El Naba – Tu�k Salem Street
Amiliyeh – Chkif Street
Tarik El Jadida –Arab Street
Bir Hassan
Bir Hassan –Mosque Street
Ras El Naba- Bachoura –Daoud Amun Street
Malab – Abu Chaker
Malab–Abu Chaker- Mohamad Salam street
Msaytbeh- Cite Sportive- Mohamad Bezry Street
Bir Hassan – cite sportive – united nations street
Bir Hassan –Cite Sportive –Adnan Hakim Street
Bir Hassan – Unesco, next to BHV
667
611
316
98
120
350
114
329
144
446
220
239
357
655
121
343
228
206
F&E
E
E
F&E
F
F&E
F&E
F&E
F&E
E
F
F&E
E
F&E
F&E
F&E
F
F
34
School Nb. School Name Address Nb. Of Students Language
Jubran Andraos Tueini secondary school for girls and boys
Omar Hamad primary school for girls and boys
Mohamad Chamel primary school for girls and boys
Omar Fakhury primary school for girls and boys
Jaber Ahmad Sabbah
Manara intermediate school for girls
Zahia Kaddura secondary school for girls
Raml El Zarif for girls and boys
Rene Mouawad secondary school for girls and boys
Hassan Saab secondary school for girls and boys
Ras Beirut 2 for girls and boys
Aman Charany Kabbara secondary school for girls
Rafka Abdullah Tajy kindergarten
Chakib Erslan intermediate school for girls and boys
Chakib Erslan secondary school for girls and boys
1530
1531
1532
1533
50
51
52
54
56
57
58
60
61
1525
1528
Bir Hassan – Adnan Hakim Street
Tarik El Jadida – Dana Street
Malab – Abu Chaker
Bir Hassan –Cite Sportive
Ras Beirut – Tanukhiyun Street
Ras Beirut –Caracas Street
Ras Beirut –Kalaa street
Raml el Zaydanyah –Kebby Street
Sanayeh –Rachidin Street
Sanayeh – Rachidin Street
Ain el Tineh –Sakyet El Janzir
Raml el Zaydanyah –Medhat Bacha Street
Dar El Fatwa –Ebn Ruchd Street
Ain El Tineh –Sakiet El Janzir –Rachid Karami Street
Ain El Tineh –Sakiet El Janzir –Rachid Karami Street
282
520
793
1009
525
96
227
294
328
114
100
173
127
1145
384
E
E
F&E
E
F&E
F
F&E
F&E
E
F
F
F
F&E
F&E
F&E
35
UNRWA Schools
Number of schools: 6 Number of students: 2808
UNRWA schools constitute a humanitarian crisis, as all the students constitute the largest group living below the poverty line.
Students on or below the poverty line in public schools
Students living on or below the poverty line are divided according to the geographic location of their schools as per the lists of the Ministry of Education as follows:
List of Beirut (first area):There are 10 schools in this area, all located in Achrafieh, where 315 students live on the poverty line in 3 schools.
School Nb. School Name Address Nb. Of Students Language
Ras El Ain primary and intermediate school
Yaabad primary school for girls and boys
Ramallah primary school for girls and boys
Haifa intermediate school for girls and boys
Al Kabri primary school for girls and boys
Al Jalil secondary school for girls and boys
9501
9503
9505
9506
9507
9508
Tarik El Jadida –Sabra
Tarik El Jadida –Sabra
Tarik El Jadida - Chatila
Bir Hassan –Al Rihab
Mar Elias Camp
Bir Hassan –Al Rihab
102
610
643
594
156
703
School Nb. AddressNb. Of Students
4
9
10
Achra�eh –Adlieh
Achra�eh –Jeitawi –Saint Louis
Achra�eh -_Karm el Zaitun – Motran Ghafrayel Street
147
124
44
F
E
E
E
E
E
36
School Nb. AddressNb. Of Students
34
35
38
40
42
43
48
1477
1523
1531
1532
Malab –Rawas
Horch
Rawas
Boulevard Cite Sportive
Horch –Hamad street
Horch –Hamad street
Horch –Arab street
Malab –Abu Chaker
Malab –Abu Chaker
Sabra - Dana
Malab – �re station street
236
398
667
611
98
120
144
357
655
520
793
School Nb. AddressNb. Of Students
17
20
21
1524
Mustafa Naja street
Hassan Mdawar street
Boustany street
Cite Sportive –Mohamad el Bizri street
458
169
222
121
List of Beirut (second area):There are 43 schools in this area, and students live on the poverty line in 11 schools.
Tarik el Jadida area: 11 schools and 4626 students
Musaytbeh area: 4 schools, and 970 students living on the poverty line
37
School Nb. AddressNb. Of Students
22
23
41
49
91
1526
1527
1529
1530
1533
279
272
316
446
220
343
228
206
282
1009
Bir Hassan
Bir Hassan –Cite Sportive
Bir Hassan - Cite Sportive
Bir Hassan
Bir Hassan – Mosque street
Bir Hassan –UN street
Bir Hassan –Adnan el Hakim street
Bir Hassan –Unesco
Bir Hassan – Adnan Hakim street
Bir Hassan
Bir Hassan area: Number of schools: 10 number of students: 3601.
School Nb. AddressNb. Of Students
30
32
44
45
47
1406
242
214
350
114
329
239
Mahmasany street
Omar bin el Khatab street
Mohamad Hout street
Tou�k Salem street
Amlieh street
Daoud Amun street
Ras el Nabaa area: number of schools: 6; number of students: 1488
38
School Nb. AddressNb. Of Students
30
32
44
45
47
1406
242
214
350
114
329
239
Mahmasany street
Omar bin el Khatab street
Mohamad Hout street
Tou�k Salem street
Amlieh street
Daoud Amun street
Burj Abi Haidar area: Number of schools: 7; number of students: 1545
School Nb. AddressNb. Of Students
19
24
25
26
27
29
31
124
515
169
163
322
37
215
Abi Haidar street
Abdulghani Aris street
Maary street
Musbah Chbaklo street
Maary street
Sibai street
Sibai street
Bachoura Khandak el Ghamik area: Number of schools: 5; Number of students: 637
School Nb. AddressNb. Of Students
12
13
14
14
16
137
27
64
220
189
Khandak el Ghamik –Daoud Amun street
Basta Tahta – Mamun street
Bachoura – Kharsa street
Bachoura – Kharsa street
Zkak El Blat – Boutros Bustany street
The Third List of Beirut:The students of these schools belong to the middle class, which has begun to disappear, with the exception of the following schools: Number of schools: 6; number of students: 1288
School Nb. AddressNb. Of Students
50
51
54
58
60
61
525
69
294
100
173
127
Ras Beirut – Tanukhiyin street
Ras Beirut –Caracas street
Raml el Zaydanyeh –Zarub el kebbi
Ain el Tineh- Sakiet el Janzir
Raml el Zaydanyeh – Medhat Bacha street
Dar el Fatwa – Ibn Ruchd street
Note: A 10% increase must be added to the number of pupils because the statistics date back to 2013, and the proportion of Syrian students compared to Lebanese students for the year 2015-2016 represents 1/5 of the total number of pupils. Moreover, there are still 250,000 out-of-school Syrian pupils. As I have already mentioned, the dropout rate exceeds by 22% the number of registered students in primary school.
39
Questionnaire for Beirut dispensaries.
Name of the interrogator:Name of the respondent:Address of the respondent:Quality of the respondent:Answer Date:Phone of the respondent:
- Information related to the dispensary:Name of the Dispensary:Name of the Association of relevant body:License or permit number:Dispensary operation date:Address:Phone of the Dispensary:Name of the Manager:
- Information about the Dispensary:Number of doctors:Specialties: Pediatrics Yes No Number Gynecology Yes No Number Dermatology Yes No Number Visual diseases Yes No Number Chest diseases Yes No Number Communicable diseases Yes No Number Intractable diseases Yes No Number Others:
- Number of beneficiaries of 2014:Number of beneficiaries by nationality:Nationality: Number:Lebanese nationalitySyrianPalestinianEgyptianOther nationalities, please specify:
- Number of beneficiaries of 2015:Number of beneficiaries by nationality:Nationality: Number:Lebanese nationalitySyrianPalestinianEgyptianOther nationalities, please specify:
- Information about years (2014-2015)Number of beneficiaries by place of residence:Region NumberSame location of the clinic:Near the clinicFar from the clinic: Specify
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- Description of the dispensary:Number of examination rooms:Number of nurses:Is there any pharmacy: Yes NoIs there any laboratory: Yes NoIs there any transplantation laboratory: Yes NoIs there any sonography Laboratory: Yes NoSelect the type:Is there any radiography section: Yes NoIs there any planography: Yes No Others, please specify:
- Description of Services:Examination:Free of charge: Yes NoAlmost free: Yes NoMedical card: Yes NoOthers, specify:
- Medical Prescription:Free: Yes NoSemi-Free: Yes NoDiscounted price: Yes NoNormal Price:Others, specify:-10. Dispensary funding sources:Ministry of Health: PercentageDonations and grants: PercentageInternational institutions:Others, specify: - Section reserved to the interrogator:Signature of the interrogator Signature of the respondentSeal of the dispensary
Section reserved to the interrogator:Signature of the interrogatorSignature of IT Department
= Request for the dispensary circular= Request for a list of the beneficiaries’ names and place of residence
Trakhos Center hereby certifies that the interrogator is an official envoy of the center.Trakhos Center hereby certifies that this information is only for scientific research.
Kindest regards,
Dr. Mona Hassan DiabEducational Strategy ExpertFounder and President of "Trakhos Research and Development Center" License (No. 72485 Date of November 06, 1997)Expert in "ALECSO" FoundationExpert in literacy at the Arab League01/813870 03/[email protected]
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Questionnaire for the foundations
1 - General Information:Name of the interrogator:Name of the foundation:Address of the foundation:Name of the respondent:Title or position of the respondent:Answer Date:Phone of the respondent:Phone of the Foundation:
2 - Data on the beneficiaries:2-1 Number of beneficiaries for 2014:Number of beneficiaries by nationality:Lebanese:Syrian:Palestinian:Egyptian:Sudan:Other nationalities: specify2.2 Number of beneficiaries for 2015:Number of beneficiaries by nationality:Lebanese:Syrian:Palestinian:Egyptian:Sudan:Other nationalities: Specify
3 - Number of beneficiaries by place of residence3-1 Beirut district:3-2 North district:3-3 Akkar district:3-4 South district:3-5 Nabatieh district:3-6 Bekaa district:3-7 Mount Lebanon district:3-8 Baalbek-Hermel district:
4 - Distribution centers:The Foundation itself:Through cluster centers:Through associations: Specify: 5 - Types of aid:5-1 food:5-2 Clothing:5-3 Medical:5-4 Housing:5-5 Financial:
6. Section reserved to the interrogator:Signature of the interrogator Signature of the respondentSeal of the dispensary
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Section reserved to the interrogator:Signature of the interrogator Signature of IT Department
Request for the dispensary circularRequest for a list of the beneficiaries’ names and place of residence
Trakhos Center hereby certifies that the interrogator is an official envoy of the center.Trakhos Center hereby certifies that this information is only for scientific research.
Kindest regards,
Coding of the Dispensary’s questionnaire1 = Name of the dispensary:2 = Information about doctors3 = Number of doctors4 = Children5 = Gynecology6 = Dermatology7 = Visual diseases8 = Chest diseases9 = Others: 10. Number of beneficiaries of 2014:Number of beneficiaries by nationality:Lebanese nationalitySyrianPalestinianEgyptianOther nationalities, please specify:
11. Number of beneficiaries of 2015:Number of beneficiaries by nationality:Lebanese nationalitySyrianPalestinianEgyptianOther nationalities, please specify:
10. Information about years (2014-2015)Number of beneficiaries by place of residence:Region Same location of the clinic:Near the clinicFar from the clinic: SpecifyDescription of the dispensary:Number of examination rooms:Number of nurses:Is there any pharmacy: Yes NoIs there any laboratory: Yes NoIs there any transplantation laboratory: Yes NoIs there any sonography Laboratory: Yes NoSelect the type:Is there any radiography section: Yes NoIs there any planography: Yes No Others, please specify:
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Description of Examination:Free of charge: Almost free: Medical card: Others, specify:Medical Prescription:Free: Semi-Free: Discounted price: Normal Price:Others, specify:Dispensary funding sources:Ministry of Health: PercentageDonations and grants: PercentageInternational institutions:Others, specify:Is there any psychological support?Is there any dental clinic?
Yes = 1No = 0Self-financing = 2Paid examination = 5Donations = 3Contracted with Social affairs and donations = 7Medicines from the YMCA = 8Encoding for the foundationsName of the foundation:Number of beneficiaries for 2014:Number of beneficiaries by nationality:Lebanese:Syrian:Palestinian:Egyptian:Sudan:Other nationalities: specifyNumber of beneficiaries for 2015:Number of beneficiaries by nationality:Lebanese:Syrian:Palestinian:Egyptian:Sudan:Other nationalities: SpecifyNumber of beneficiaries by place of residenceBeirut district:North district:Akkar district:South district:Nabatieh district:Bekaa district:Mount Lebanon district:
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1- Refugee location 2- UNHCR country office 3- UNHCR country clinic4- UNHCR sub office 5- UNHCR field unit6- Refugee urban location 7- Country border8- Former Palestinian mandate
Location of Migrants in Beirut
Tareek Al Jadeedeh North: Mazraa Neighborhood – Hay Al Tamlis South: Ghobeiri Rehab Region East: Omar Bayham Street West: Wata Mossaitbeh Sabra Street North: Ard Jalloul South: Chatilla Region East: Electricity Station West: Ghobeiri
Borj Abi Haidar Sidi Hassan Street Al Maamoun Street Abdul Ghani Al Arrisi Zaidan Street Majdalani Street Zreik Street
Basta: Basta Al Fawka Basta Al Tahta Bachoura Region
Lebanon map: Refugee Location and UN offices:
Location of Palestinians: Sabra Camp: East of Kaskas Electricity Station
West: nursing home North: Ard Jalloul South: Al Rehab Region
Mar Elias Camp: East: Cite sportive West: Habib Abi Chahla Street North: Mar Elias Bteina South: UN Regional Offices
1010101010101045
References
1- Regional Office for Arab States, Beirut, June 2005, Chapter 4, Table 1.
2- Central Administration of Statistics - Bulletins of 2003
3- Migrant Women in Arab States (The Case of Domestic Workers), International Labor Organization, Regional Office, Beirut.
4- International Statistics: ESCWA, UN, and UNHCR
5- Official Sources: Ministry of Social Affairs – Central Administration of Statistics
6- Statistical Bulletins by Lebanese Directorates and Conferences
7- Answers to the questionnaires prepared by the work team, which were carefully examined and analyzed until the necessary tables were extracted for this research
8- Reports related to documented researches and statistics published in newspapers
9- ESCWA Report of 2012-2013
10- The Statistics of the Center for Educational Research and Development of 2012-2013
11- The Statistics of the Ministry of Interior
12- Poverty belts
13- UN Report of 30 April 2014
14- Report of the Ministry of Social Affairs / National Poverty Targeting Program (NPTP) 2015
15- The Statistics of the Ministry of Interior
16- Poverty belts in the Palestinian camp areas
17- UN definitions
18- The Center for Educational Research and Development, Statistical Bulletin, 2012-2013
19- Dr. Mona Diab, Research on the status of public education, 2012-2013, which was discussed on TV.
20- The Center for Educational Research and Development, Statistical Bulletin, 2012-2013
21- The Center for Educational Research and Development, My Education research, 2010-2011
22- My Education research, World Bank, The Center for Educational Research and Development, USAID, 2010-2011.
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