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Bell Ringer#1
USE NOTEBOOK PAPER!!!!!!!!!!
What is a Depression?
Use Chapter 24 Section 1
Chapter 24 Section 1
The Depression
Uneasy Peace Treaty of Versailles
Ended WWI Created disputes
League of Nations Ineffective No military force U.S. never joined
Germany couldn’t pay reparations $33 billion
Uneasy Peace Con’t France controlled Ruhr Valley
Germany’s main industrial area German workers went on
strike Germany printed more money
inflation 1914: 4.2 marks= 1 USD 11/1/23: 130 bil marks= 1 USD 11/30/23: 4.2 trl marks= 1 USD
Uneasy Peace Con’t Dawes Plan
1924 Reduced
reparations Germany couldn’t
afford to pay Loan $200 million
Opened door to American investments
1926- Germany joined League of Nations
Germany finished paying reparations on Oct. 3, 2010!
The Great Depression 1929- Great
Depression Depression- period of
low economic activity/high unemployment
Reasons: Economies went down
in late 20’s US Stock market
crashed on Oct. 29, 1929
Black Tuesday
Gov’ts became more involved Communism became popular
Classless Society Everyone is equal
Many followed dictators
Effects of Great Depression
Democratic States after the War Most women had gained right to vote Germany -Weimar Republic
No strong political leaders Economic problems
Inflation Great Depression
People began to follow extremist parties France - Popular Front gov’t
Collective bargaining- workers right to negotiate Min. wage, 2-wk vacation, 40 hr workweek
Great Britain John Maynard Keynes- British economist
Low demand increases unemployment demand would increase if people went back to work gov’t should finance projects Deficit Spending- gov’t spending $ so citizens can
make $ U.S.- production fell by 50 %
1933- 12 million people were out of work 1932- Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected
president
Con’t
New Deal- Gov’t created jobs by funding projects WPA- built roads/bridges
Work Progress Administration
Social Security Act Old age pensions Unemployment
FDR’s policies
Organize yourself!!!
Bell Ringer#2
USE NOTEBOOK PAPER!!!!!!!!!!
What is a Totalitarian State?
Use Chapter 24 Section 2
Chapter 24 Section 2
The Rise of Dictators
The Rise of Dictators 1939- only France &
Britain were democratic Totalitarian State-
gov’t controls all aspects of the citizen’s lives Strong central authority Used propaganda & mass
communication One leader, one party
Japan Militarist
Military control Left League of
Nations Hideki Tojo –
Military Leader
Italy Fascist
Extreme nationalism Country above
individual Anticommunist
Benito Mussolini – dictator
Germany Nazism
Extreme nationalism Unite German-
speakers Anticommunist
Adolf Hitler - dictator
Soviet Union Communist
No citizen rights Gov’t suppresses
opposition “workers” rule
Joseph Stalin – dictator
SpainFrancisco Franco- 1936- Led military
revolt Brutal and bloody
civil war Italy and Germany
helped Franco Captured Madrid
(capital 1939)
Bell Ringer#3
USE NOTEBOOK PAPER!!!!!!!!!!
What is political party did the National Socialist German Worker’s Party eventually become known as?
Use Chapter 24 Section 3!
Chapter 24 Section 3
Hitler and Nazi Germany
Adolf Hitler & His Views Born in Austria in
1889 Core Ideology-
Racism Anti-Semitism
Hatred of Jews Extreme Nationalist
Hitler’s Views Con’t 1919- joined
extremist group in Munich (German city) Took control of
group & renamed it National Socialist
German Worker’s Party
Nazi Party
Hitler’s Views Con’t 1923- staged an
uprising in Munich Failed- Put in jail
Wrote Mein Kampf, “My Struggle” Links nationalism,
anti-Semitism, and anticommunist beliefs to Social Darwinism
Rise of Nazism Hitler needed to
take control legally Not by revolt Nazi Party must
compete with other political parties
1932 Nazi Party- largest in German
Parliament
Victory of Nazism 1933- Hitler became the head of
the government Enabling Act-
Mar. 23, 1933 Gov’t could ignore the constitution 4 years Deal with nation’s problems
Hitler became a dictator Nazis ruled all aspects of life
Victory of Nazism Con’t Nazis and Hitler
blamed the Jews for the economic troubles
Placed in concentration camps (prison camps)
The Nazi State, 1933-1939Wants: Develop an Aryan state
Aryan- speakers of Indo-European languages
Nazi Aryan- Greeks/Romans and Germans/Scandinavians
New empire- Third Reich 1st- Holy Roman Empire 2nd- German Empire (1871)
The State and Terror Used terror SS-
Schutzstaffel [shoots-shtah-fuhl]
(Guard Squadrons) Secret and regular police Gestapo
Economic PoliciesSteps to end the
Great Depression: Hitler put people
back to work Rearmed the
country Unemployment
decreased by 5.5 million people
Spectacles and Organizations Schools and
churches under Nazi control
Youth organization taught Nazi ideals Nazi Youth
Used Mass demonstrations (rallies)
Anti-Semitic Policies Nuremberg Laws
Sept. 1935 Jews could not:
Be German citizens Marry German
citizens Hold public office Attend public school
Jews had to wear the Star of David
Anti-Semitic Policies Con’t Nov. 9, 1938- Kristallnacht
“Night of Broken Glass” Destroyed synagogues & burned
businesses 30,000 men sent to concentration
camps After Kristallnacht:
Barred from schools, hospitals, public transportation
Could not work in retail Encouraged to emigrate
How did the Nazis take-over?
Bell Ringer#4
USE NOTEBOOK PAPER!!!!!!!!!!
What is appeasement?
Use Chapter 26 Section 1!
Chapter 26 Section 1
Paths to War
The German Path to War Adolf Hitler- German
Dictator Aryan race is supreme
Wanted to take over the Soviet Union
Wanted to use Slavic people as slaves
Hitler did not like the Treaty of Versailles Increasing arms was a
violation
Germany’s 1st Steps to War March 1935-
New Air Force New draft
100 K to 550 K soldiers
1936- Sent troops to the
Rhineland Neutral area
between Germany and France
Demilitarized No weapons/military
Germany’s 1st Steps to War France had the
right to use force against Germany but wouldn’t act without Great Britain’s support
France and G.B. used appeasement Making unhappy
countries content Giving in to small,
easy demands
New German Allies Italy- Benito Mussolini
Wanted new Roman Empire
Invaded Ethiopia (Africa) Rome-Berlin Axis
Germany and Italy Common political and
economic interests Anti-Comintern Pact
Germany and Japan Against communism
German Union with Austria Hitler put Nazis in
charge “Invited” German
troops March 13, 1938-
Hitler annexed (took over) Austria
German Demands and Appeasement September 1938-
Hitler wanted Czechoslovakia
Demanded Sudetenland Area in NW Czech. Inhabited mostly by Germans
Munich Agreement G.B, France, Germany, Italy Appeasement Give Hitler Sudetenland and
he wouldn’t want anything else
GB and France React to Germany Hitler claimed he
wouldn’t start a war Convinced the
western countries France, G.B., etc
Annexed all of Czech.
France and G.B. asked the Soviet Union for help
Hitler and the Soviets Hitler was afraid of
West and Soviet Union alignment
So… Hitler made a deal
with Joseph Stalin August 23 1939-
Nonaggression pact
Won’t attack each other
Divided Poland
Hitler and the Soviets Germany invaded
Poland World was
SHOCKED!!! Sept. 3, 1939-
Great Britain and France declared war on Germany
Japanese Path to War Sept. 1931- Japan took
Manchuria (from China) Had natural resources Made it look like China
started the disagreement Japan withdrew from the
League of Nations Went into northern China
Japanese War with China China’s leader
Chiang Kai-shek Tried to avoid war
with Japan Soviet Union was a
bigger issue Communists
Allowed Japan to rule north China Appeasement
Japanese War with China Japanese rule spread to the
south Dec. 1936
China declared war with Japan July 1937
China & Japan clashed in Beijing
Dec. 1937 Japan seized China’s capital Kai-shek refused to surrender
New Asian Order Japan wanted new
order in East Asia Seize Siberia for
resources Japan wanted to
attack Soviet Union Divide resources
between them & Germany
New Asian Order But… non-aggression pact
Germany and Soviet Union Japan couldn’t defeat Soviets alone
Decided to get materials from SE Asia U.S. would use sanctions
Restrictions intended to enforce international law Threatened to stop trading oil and iron to Japan
New Asian Order Japan needed oil and
iron from U.S. Dilemma:
To get raw material from SE Asia, Japan would have to risk losing raw material from U.S.
Dec. 1941- Japan launched a surprise attack on SE Asia and the United States
Bell Ringer#5
USE NOTEBOOK PAPER!!!!!!!!!!
What was significant about D-Day?
Use Chapter 26 Section 2!
Chapter 26 Section 2
The Course of World War II
Europe at War Germany attacked
Poland Blitzkrieg-
“Lightning War” Airplanes, tanks,
troops Sept. 28, 1939
Germany and Soviet Union split Poland (Nonaggression Pact)
Europe- Hitler’s Early VictoriesApr. 9, 1940 Denmark & NorwayMay 10, 1940 The Netherlands,
Belgium, and France
June 22, 1940 France signed an
armistice (cease fire)
Europe- Hitler’s Early Victories G.B. asked for U.S.
help Pres. Roosevelt-
Isolationism- U.S. didn’t take sides or become involved in European wars
Citizens wanted to stay out
Later- U.S. supplied food, ships, planes, and weapons to G.B.
Europe- The Battle of BritainAug. 1940- Germany attacked
G.B. via air Naval bases,
harbors, communication centers, and war factories
Europe- Attack on the Soviet Union
April 1941- Hitler controlled Hungary,
Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and Yugoslavia
June 22, 1941- Hitler attacked USSR 1,800 mile front 2 mil. Soviets capturedDec. 1941- Nazis stopped b/c of weather
Japan at WarDec. 7, 1941- Japanese attacked
U.S. Naval Base Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)
Dec. 6-8- Attack dozens of
Pacific Islands
Japan at WarSpring 1942- Japan controlled
Southeast Asia and western Pacific
Needed resources for war
The Allies AdvanceDecember 1941 U.S. enters war Allied Powers
G.B., U.S., S.U. Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan
Allies agreed to fight until the unconditional surrender of Axis
The Allies Advance Big Three
Winston Churchill- Great Britain
Franklin D. Roosevelt- United States
Joseph Stalin- Soviet Union
Met often to plan strategy during the war
Allies- European TheaterSummer 1942 Afrika Korps
German Forces General Erwin Rommel
Defeated by BritishNov. 1942- May 1943 G.B. and U.S. invaded
French North Africa Forced out German and
Italian troops
Allies- European TheaterNov. 1942- Feb. 2, 1943 Battle of Stalingrad
Soviet Union Soviets stopped Germans Germany surrendered Major victory for Allies
Allies- Asian TheaterMay 7-8, 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea U.S. navy stopped Japan Saved AustraliaJune 4, 1942 Battle of Midway Island
U.S. air forced bombed Japanese navy
Major turning point in war
Allies- Asian TheaterFall 1942 Two operations1. Gen. Douglas
MacArthur- Philippines
2. U.S. Army, Marine, and Navy attacked Japanese controlled islands
Island Hopping Wore Japan down
Last Years of War- Europe Theater Winston Churchill
G.B. Prime Minister
Sept. 1943 Allies invaded Italy
Captured Sicily Mussolini arrested
June 4, 1944 Italy fell to Allies
Last Years of War- European Theater
June 6, 1944 D-Day Operation Overlord Gen. Dwight D.
Eisenhower (U.S.) Allied forces landed
on the beaches of Normandy France
D-Day Underwater Mines Barbed Wire Machine Gun Fire German resistance 3 Months 2 mil. Allied forces ½ mil. Vehicles Allies broke through
German lines
French resistance fought Germans in Paris
August 1944 Allies liberated ParisMarch 1945 Allies marched into
Germany Joined the Soviets
Last Years of War- Europe Theater US, GB, and Soviet troops marched into
GermanyDec. 16, 1944- Battle of the Bulge Last German offensiveJanuary 1945- Hitler went into an underground bunkerApril 30- killed himselfVE Day- Victory in Europe Day
Last Years of War- Asian Theater
1945- President Harry Truman decided to drop atomic
bombs on Japan Prevent invasion and loss of American lives
August 6- 1st bomb dropped on HiroshimaAugust 9- 2nd on NagasakiAugust 14- Japanese surrenderedVJ Day- Victory in Japan Day
Bell Ringer#6
USE NOTEBOOK PAPER!!!!!!!!!!
What is genocide?
Use Chapter 26 Section 3!
Chapter 26 Section 3
Holocaust and New World Order
The New Order in Europe 1942- Nazis controlled from Moscow to
English Channel Controlled due to annexation or by civilian
officials cooperating with Nazis Heinrich Himmler [hahyn-RiKH him-ler]- leader of
the SS, in charge of German resettlement plans Moved Slavs out and replaced them with
Germans
The New Order in Europe Labor shortages caused need for foreign
workers Summer of 1944- 7 million workers in Germany Another 7 million were working in their own
country for Nazis Led to people resisting Nazis
The Holocaust Hitler felt that the Jews were the
greatest threat to the Aryans Final Solution
Kill all Jews Genocide- physical extermination Reinhard Heydrich- head of SS’s
Security Services, supposed to administer Final Solution
Created special forces (field crews) to complete the Final Solution
The Holocaust Poland- Ordered all Jews put in ghettos Started to build death camps
6 in Poland Largest was Auschwitz 30% of arrivals would work Mass gas chambers
The Holocaust Final Solution had priority over the military
for trains 3 million Jews killed in death camps
Overall, 6.5 million Jews killed Nazis also killed 9-10 million non-Jews
Killed 400,000 Roma gypsies Killed 3-4 million Soviet POW’s Killed 4 million Poles, & Ukrainians
The Holocaust Mass slaughter of Europeans = Holocaust Many people not believe stories about death
camps Only after war did people fully understand
what had happened Children:
1.2 million Jewish kids were killed 1945- 13 million orphaned kids in Europe Hitler Youth (14-15 years old) fought on frontlines Soviets as young as 13 acted as spies
The New Order in Asia Greater East-Asia Co-prosperity Sphere
Economic community Provide mutual benefits to Japanese occupied areas
Anti-colonialists Provide local governments under Japanese
influence Burma, Dutch East Indies, Vietnam, and Philippines
Real power was with Japanese authorities Resources were used to benefit Japanese war
efforts Caused food and other shortages in Asian nations
The New Order in Asia Most Asian nations initially supported
Japan but due to harsh treatment, the nations eventually turned against them Example: 1943- Burma declared war on Allies,
later turned against Japan Japanese ignored local customs Little respect for people’s lives
China, 1937- Japanese spent several days killing, raping, and looting towns
Korea- 800,000 people were sent to Japan as slave labor
The New Order in Asia Used POWs and slave labor for
construction projects Burma-Thailand railway, 1943-
61,000 Australian, British, and Dutch POWs 300,000 slave laborers from Burma, Malaya,
Thailand, and Dutch East Indies 12,000 Allied POWs and 90,000 workers died because
of climate and famine
Nations resented Japanese takeover and all colonial powers Will eventually lead to Communist revolutions,
the Korean War, and the Vietnam War
Bell Ringer#7
USE NOTEBOOK PAPER!!!!!!!!!!
What is mobilization?
Use Chapter 26 Section 4!
Chapter 26 Section 4
The Home Front and the Aftermath of the War
Mobilization- US World War 2 was a total war
Widespread and covered most of the world Mobilization- assembling and preparing for
war Men, women, manufacturing, etc
Home Front- effort of preparing and supporting a war in a country that is fighting
Mobilization- US 15 million men
drafted or volunteered
1942 Women’s Army
Corps (WAC) Noncombat Nurses, ambulance
drivers, radio operators, electricians, pilots
Mobilization- US1942 – Factories Cars tanks,
planes, boats Pencils bomb
parts Bedspread
mosquito netting Soda shell
explosives Ship yards =
double time!
Mobilization- USWomen 1944 6 mil. workers Welding, factories, etcAfrican Americans A. Philip Randolph Called 100,000 to
protest Equal jobs and combat FDR – Yes!
“Without discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin.”
Mobilization- US Increased taxes War Production Board
(WPB) Scrap drives (iron, tin,
paper, rags, etc) War bonds
“loans” to gov’t Repaid with interest later
Rationing Fixed allotments of goods
Sugar, meat, shoes, coffee, gas
Ration books (coupons) Must have to buy good
Minorities during War African Americans in battle
Tuskegee Airmen – fighter pilots Native Americans
“code talkers” Navajo language
Japanese Americans 442nd – most decorated in history
Frontline Civilians- Bombing of CitiesBritain- Sept. 1940
German air force bombed London nightly for months
The “blitz” Hitler believed if he bombed cities, GB would
quit Wrong
Frontline Civilians- Bombing of CitiesGermany- 1942-
Major British air raids on German cities 1,000 bombers attacked a single city German people refused to surrender
Frontline Civilians- Bombing of CitiesJapan- Japanese air force was destroyed
Made them more vulnerable to air attacks Atomic Bomb
Hiroshima/Nagasaki 1945
Peace and a New War World War 2 was followed by political
tensions Cold War
US and USSR 1945-1991
Peace and a New War The Tehran Conference
Stalin, FDR, & Churchill (Big Three) Nov. 1943 Planned the D-Day attack for June 6, 1944 USSR and GB/US troops would meet in
Germany Agreed to divide Germany after their surrender
Peace and a New War The Yalta Conference
Big Three Feb. 1945 Eastern and Western powers were suspicious of each other FDR wanted self-determination (liberate Euro countries and
set up governments) Soviets agreed to help US vs. Japan
USSR didn’t know about the atomic bombs United Nations- international organization of countries Division of Germany- divide into 4 zones (French, US, GB,
Soviet) FDR called for free elections in Eastern Euro countries
Stalin agreed but did not follow through
Peace and a New War The Potsdam Conference
July 1945 Harry S. Truman replaced FDR due to his death in
April Truman demanded free elections
Stalin refused Soviets lost the most people in WW2 and wanted
complete security Established the Nuremberg Trials for Nazi leaders
Crimes against humanity and war crimes War crimes trials in Japan and Italy
