Bell WorkBell Work1) Who made up the largest group of Civil War 1) Who made up the largest group of Civil War soldiers?soldiers?

2) Which group of men were NOT allowed to fight at 2) Which group of men were NOT allowed to fight at the beginning of the war?the beginning of the war?

3) What was some of the food that soldiers ate?3) What was some of the food that soldiers ate?

4) Describe some of the poor hygiene that was 4) Describe some of the poor hygiene that was evident during the warevident during the war

On your “field journal” record your identity, the stickers On your “field journal” record your identity, the stickers you have on your card and jot down what you you have on your card and jot down what you experience and how it makes you feelexperience and how it makes you feel

Who fought?Who fought?

Most soldiers under the age of 21Most soldiers under the age of 21

As war dragged on, kids age 17 were also As war dragged on, kids age 17 were also drafted, as well as men as old as 50drafted, as well as men as old as 50

SimulationSimulation

Identities are given on cards but you can Identities are given on cards but you can give yourself specifics give yourself specifics – Name, age, hometown, job – but make sure it Name, age, hometown, job – but make sure it

makes sense with your overall identity!makes sense with your overall identity!

Northern IdentitiesNorthern Identities

““True Believers” – religious leaders, True Believers” – religious leaders, teachers, writers, view war as a moral teachers, writers, view war as a moral abolitionist crusade to end slaveryabolitionist crusade to end slavery

““Glory Roaders” – former slaves, usually Glory Roaders” – former slaves, usually day laborers, farmers, or self-employed day laborers, farmers, or self-employed individualists, also see war as a moral individualists, also see war as a moral crusadecrusade

Farmers/Workers – mainly from small towns, Farmers/Workers – mainly from small towns, some cities – generally morally opposed to some cities – generally morally opposed to slavery but do not want “freed” slaves moving slavery but do not want “freed” slaves moving North to compete for land and jobsNorth to compete for land and jobs

Unionists – mainly from mid-eastern and mid-Unionists – mainly from mid-eastern and mid-western states, opposed secession because western states, opposed secession because they believed it went against the constitution. they believed it went against the constitution. Wanted to “preserve the union” not abolish Wanted to “preserve the union” not abolish slaveryslavery

Southern IdentitiesSouthern Identities

Planters – own vast majority of slaves and Planters – own vast majority of slaves and firmly believe they are doing the slaves a firmly believe they are doing the slaves a service by feeding them and clothing them service by feeding them and clothing them in exchange for their laborin exchange for their labor

““Johnny Rebs” – majority of Southerners – Johnny Rebs” – majority of Southerners – poor white farmers who own few – if any – poor white farmers who own few – if any – slaves but they look to planter class as slaves but they look to planter class as “ideal” for their society“ideal” for their society

Uniforms and SuppliesUniforms and Supplies

How a soldier describes it…How a soldier describes it…

How does your uniform fit you?How does your uniform fit you?

What kinds of things do you carry in your What kinds of things do you carry in your knapsack?knapsack?

After a month (or more) of service, how do After a month (or more) of service, how do you feel?you feel?

Most soldiers’ shoes were cut the same for Most soldiers’ shoes were cut the same for the right and left foot! the right and left foot! Put your shoes on Put your shoes on the opposite feet for the rest of the the opposite feet for the rest of the simulationsimulation

Drill SessionsDrill Sessions

One soldier described his day in the One soldier described his day in the camp… “the first thing is drill, then drill, camp… “the first thing is drill, then drill, then drill again. Then drill, drill, a little then drill again. Then drill, drill, a little more drill. Then drill, and lastly drill.”more drill. Then drill, and lastly drill.”

As many as 5 sessions a day, each lasting As many as 5 sessions a day, each lasting up to 2 hours!up to 2 hours!

Stand straight, march, follow direction, Stand straight, march, follow direction, load and fire a gunload and fire a gun

How would you do?How would you do?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFgxDcEo5Jg

Housing Housing -Tents held anywhere from 2 – 20 men-Little protection from the elements-Bugs and “creeping things” attacked regulary

In the words of a soldier…

How do you feel about your sleeping arrangements?

EntertainmentEntertainment

““BONES”BONES”

How might you entertain yourself while at camp?

Gettysburg imagesGettysburg images

http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/gettex/living.html

Method of CookingMethod of Cooking

Hardtack (“Tack”)Hardtack (“Tack”)

HARDTACK recipe:HARDTACK recipe:

Flour

Baking Powder

Salt

Water

As one soldier describes the As one soldier describes the food…food…

What do you think about the food provided What do you think about the food provided on the battlefield?on the battlefield?

What were the dangers of eating it?What were the dangers of eating it?

On your cards you have a On your cards you have a green circle green circle the the food you have eaten has made you sick.food you have eaten has made you sick.

Luckily the food poisoning will not kill you, Luckily the food poisoning will not kill you, but you will feel like death for the next weekbut you will feel like death for the next week

Disease spread rapidly through Disease spread rapidly through the camps…the camps…

Yellow circle sticker Yellow circle sticker – Because of the – Because of the conditions of camp you have contracted a conditions of camp you have contracted a disease!disease!

Possibly pneumonia, measles, small pox, Possibly pneumonia, measles, small pox, typhoid fever or malaria, (to name a few) typhoid fever or malaria, (to name a few) the effects of these diseases could be high the effects of these diseases could be high fever, diarrhea, and/or death! fever, diarrhea, and/or death!

Death from disease killed twice as many Death from disease killed twice as many soldiers during the war as the battlefieldsoldiers during the war as the battlefield

Battlefield medicine…yikes!Battlefield medicine…yikes!Surgeon’s Kit:Surgeon’s Kit:

Many amputations Many amputations because of new because of new weapons technologyweapons technology

Gangrene was a Gangrene was a major problem during major problem during most of the warmost of the war

AmputationsAmputations

Hand on card?Hand on card? You have been hit by a Minie You have been hit by a Minie ball on the battlefield and now ball on the battlefield and now must have a limb amputated!must have a limb amputated!

You pray that the amputation You pray that the amputation will save you from a gangrene will save you from a gangrene

infection!infection!Over 60,000 amputations were performed during the Civil War – more than any other war!

Tourniquet – Amputation of a Tourniquet – Amputation of a leg/armleg/arm

Final FatesFinal Fates

Blue sticker Blue sticker – the disease you contracted – the disease you contracted (either from camp or from an amputation) has (either from camp or from an amputation) has taken most of your energy and will soon take taken most of your energy and will soon take your life – you will not live to see the end of the your life – you will not live to see the end of the warwar

Red sticker Red sticker – you will soon be mortally – you will soon be mortally wounded on the battlefield, a result of a direct wounded on the battlefield, a result of a direct charge against enemy guns. Having fought charge against enemy guns. Having fought bravely, you will be remembered as a war bravely, you will be remembered as a war herohero