Bell Work: 10/24/13Bell Work: 10/24/13Write the question, full answer, and justify why

you chose your answer. Work on your Earth’s Layers Foldable when you

are finished with bell work.

ObjectivesObjectives27. Movements of Earth’s Major Plates27. Movements of Earth’s Major Plates►Can I differentiate among the characteristics of Can I differentiate among the characteristics of earth’s three layers? (SPI 0707.7.4)earth’s three layers? (SPI 0707.7.4)

►Can I recognize that lithospheric plates on the scale Can I recognize that lithospheric plates on the scale of continents and oceans continually move at rates of of continents and oceans continually move at rates of centimeters per year. (SPI 0707.7.5)centimeters per year. (SPI 0707.7.5)

►Can I describe the relationship between plate Can I describe the relationship between plate movements and earthquakes, mountain building, movements and earthquakes, mountain building, volcanoes, and sea floor spreading. (SPI 0707.7.6)volcanoes, and sea floor spreading. (SPI 0707.7.6)

►Shifting Plates Choice BoardsShifting Plates Choice Boards

Think, Pair, Share …Think, Pair, Share …Come up with an explanation to the Come up with an explanation to the

following question, pair up with following question, pair up with your elbow partner, & share:your elbow partner, & share:

►How do we know so much How do we know so much about the mantle and the about the mantle and the core?core?

Question…Question…How do we know so much about the How do we know so much about the mantle and the core?mantle and the core?►We can study magma on the Earth’s surface We can study magma on the Earth’s surface from volcanic eruptions. Also, seismic waves, from volcanic eruptions. Also, seismic waves, or vibrations produced from earthquakes, or vibrations produced from earthquakes, travel at different speeds through the Earth. travel at different speeds through the Earth. Their speed depends on the density and Their speed depends on the density and composition of the material they pass through.composition of the material they pass through.

Traveling through a solid will go faster Traveling through a solid will go faster than through a liquid. How did this than through a liquid. How did this knowledge help scientists figure out what knowledge help scientists figure out what state each layer is in?state each layer is in?

Restless ContinentsRestless Continents► Look at pg. 400!Look at pg. 400!► In the early 1900s, ___________ ___________ In the early 1900s, ___________ ___________

wrote about his hypothesis of ____________ wrote about his hypothesis of ____________ ______, arguing that all the continents were ______, arguing that all the continents were once joined together in a single landmass once joined together in a single landmass and have drifted apart.and have drifted apart.

►He proposed that the continents plowed He proposed that the continents plowed through ocean floor, driven by the spin of through ocean floor, driven by the spin of the Earth. the Earth.

► Continental drift is the hypothesis that states Continental drift is the hypothesis that states that the _____________ once formed a single that the _____________ once formed a single ______________, broke up, and drifted to their ______________, broke up, and drifted to their present locations.present locations.

Alfred Wegenercontinental

drift

continentslandmass

PangaeaPangaea

►Wegener thought Wegener thought that all of the that all of the present continents present continents were once were once __________ in a __________ in a single, huge single, huge continent called continent called ______________.______________.

► Pangaea is Greek Pangaea is Greek for ______________.for ______________.

joined

Pangaea

“all Earth”You try it!

Make Pangaea with the pieces of continents at

your group.

Look at the map. At your group, discuss the following questions. You have 2 minutes.

1.1. What What evidenceevidence supports Wegener’s supports Wegener’s theory?theory?

2.2. Since all dinosaurs Since all dinosaurs cannot swim, cannot swim, explainexplain how the same fossil how the same fossil can be found on all can be found on all continents.continents.

Challenging Question…Challenging Question…

Think, Pair, Share…Think, Pair, Share…►Based on what you know about the Based on what you know about the

plates, how would you plates, how would you proveprove Wegener’s theory to be true today?Wegener’s theory to be true today?

Tracking Tectonic Tracking Tectonic Plate MotionPlate Motion

► Today, scientists use a system of Today, scientists use a system of satellites called satellites called global positioning systemglobal positioning system or GPS.or GPS.

► Radio signals are continuously beamed Radio signals are continuously beamed from satellites to GPS ground stations, from satellites to GPS ground stations, which record the exact distance between which record the exact distance between the satellites and the ground stations.the satellites and the ground stations.

►Over time, these distances change Over time, these distances change slightly.slightly.

**The movement is measured in **The movement is measured in centimeterscentimeters per year. per year.

Composition of Earth’s PlatesComposition of Earth’s Plates

►Wegener thought that more than continents Wegener thought that more than continents were moving. According to the theory of were moving. According to the theory of _________ _________, Earth’s lithosphere is _________ _________, Earth’s lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move divided into tectonic plates that move around on the asthenosphere.around on the asthenosphere.

► A ___________ is a place where tectonic A ___________ is a place where tectonic plates touch. plates touch.

► ____________- boundary formed by the collision of two ____________- boundary formed by the collision of two lithospheric plates lithospheric plates

► ____________- boundary between two tectonic plates that ____________- boundary between two tectonic plates that are are moving away from each other moving away from each other

► ____________- boundary between tectonic plates that are ____________- boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other sliding past each other

horizontallyhorizontally

platetectonics

boundary

Convergent

Divergent

Transform

Proving Wegener Wrong

►The older term "continental drift" is not quite accurate -- both continents and oceanic crust move.

►We now know that Wegener's theory was wrong in one major point: continents do not plow through the ocean floor. Instead, both continents and ocean floor form solid plates, which "float" on the asthenosphere, the underlying rock that is under such tremendous heat and pressure that it behaves as an extremely viscous liquid.

2 Minute Journal2 Minute Journal

Write a two minute journal giving Write a two minute journal giving evidence on how Wegner’s evidence on how Wegner’s Continental Drift theory could Continental Drift theory could possibly be true, but also discuss possibly be true, but also discuss the flaws behind his theory.the flaws behind his theory.

Events associated with movements Events associated with movements of earth’s major plates:of earth’s major plates:

►Sea-floor spreadingSea-floor spreading►Mountain buildingMountain building►EarthquakesEarthquakes►VolcanoesVolcanoes

Bell Work: 10/25/13

Please write the question, answer, and explain why you chose that

answer (justify). Have your Earth’s Layers foldable open on your desk & turn in your questions to the inbox.

ObjectivesObjectives27. Movements of Earth’s Major Plates27. Movements of Earth’s Major Plates►Differentiate among the characteristics of earth’s Differentiate among the characteristics of earth’s three layers. (SPI 0707.7.4)three layers. (SPI 0707.7.4)

►Recognize that lithospheric plates on the scale of Recognize that lithospheric plates on the scale of continents and oceans continually move at rates of continents and oceans continually move at rates of centimeters per year. (SPI 0707.7.5)centimeters per year. (SPI 0707.7.5)

►Describe the relationship between plate movements Describe the relationship between plate movements and earthquakes, mountain building, volcanoes, and and earthquakes, mountain building, volcanoes, and sea floor spreading. (SPI 0707.7.6)sea floor spreading. (SPI 0707.7.6)

►Shifting Plates Choice BoardsShifting Plates Choice Boards

Events associated with movements Events associated with movements of earth’s major plates:of earth’s major plates:

►Sea-floor spreadingSea-floor spreading►Mountain buildingMountain building►EarthquakesEarthquakes►VolcanoesVolcanoes

Sea-Floor SpreadingSea-Floor Spreading

► ____________ __________, or underwater mountain ____________ __________, or underwater mountain chains, are where ____________ ___________ takes chains, are where ____________ ___________ takes place. place. Divergent boundariesDivergent boundaries are formed when are formed when plates move away from each other. plates move away from each other.

► Sea-floor spreading is the process by which new Sea-floor spreading is the process by which new oceanic ____________________ forms as __________ oceanic ____________________ forms as __________ rises toward the surface and solidifies.rises toward the surface and solidifies.

► As ___________ __________ moveAs ___________ __________ move

away from each other, theaway from each other, the

sea floor spreads apart and sea floor spreads apart and

magma fills the gap.magma fills the gap.

Mid-ocean ridgesSea-floor spreading

Lithosphere (or crust) magma

tectonic plates

Draw a picture of Sea Floor Spreading.

Mountain BuildingMountain Building

Mountainsmoving

colliding

compressiontension

► ______________ exist because tectonic plates ______________ exist because tectonic plates are continually ______________ around and are continually ______________ around and ___________ with one another.___________ with one another.

► The Andes Mountains in South America The Andes Mountains in South America formed where two tectonic plates formed where two tectonic plates convergeconverge or collide.or collide.

►When tectonic plates undergo When tectonic plates undergo ________________ or ____________, they form ________________ or ____________, they form mountains.mountains.

VolcanoesVolcanoes► Tectonic plate boundaries are likely places for Tectonic plate boundaries are likely places for

_____________ to form._____________ to form.► ________ _________ _____ _________, which are plate ________ _________ _____ _________, which are plate

boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean, contains boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean, contains nearly _____ of the world’s active volcanoes.nearly _____ of the world’s active volcanoes.

► About _____ of active volcanoes on land form where About _____ of active volcanoes on land form where plates ______________, and about ______ form where plates ______________, and about ______ form where plates ____________. plates ____________.

► At these plate boundaries it is possible for At these plate boundaries it is possible for _____________ to form and travel to the surface._____________ to form and travel to the surface.

► What about the volcanoes that do not form at plate What about the volcanoes that do not form at plate boundaries? How do they form? Look at page 466.boundaries? How do they form? Look at page 466.

volcanoes

The Ring of Fire

75%

15%80%

collideseparate

magma

EarthquakesEarthquakes► The study of earthquakes is called ________________.The study of earthquakes is called ________________.► Most earthquakes take place near the edges of Most earthquakes take place near the edges of

__________ ___________.__________ ___________.► As tectonic plates push, pull, or slip past each As tectonic plates push, pull, or slip past each

other, stress increases along breaks in the Earth’s other, stress increases along breaks in the Earth’s crust, or ___________. crust, or ___________.

► In response to this stress, rock in the plates In response to this stress, rock in the plates _______________. _______________.

► __________ _______________ leads to earthquakes.__________ _______________ leads to earthquakes.► It’s like a stretched rubber band, you can only It’s like a stretched rubber band, you can only

stretch rock so far before it breaks. When the rock stretch rock so far before it breaks. When the rock breaks, it releases ________________.breaks, it releases ________________.

► This energy is released in the form of This energy is released in the form of seismic seismic waveswaves..

seismology

tectonic

faults

plates

deformsElastic deformation

energy

2 Minute Journal2 Minute Journal

“ “Why is it important to me and to Why is it important to me and to the future of our planet to learn the future of our planet to learn as much as we can about the as much as we can about the movement of plates and what movement of plates and what effects they have?”effects they have?”

Shifting Plates Choice BoardShifting Plates Choice Board

► You and a partner will complete one You and a partner will complete one mandatory topic and one topic of choice mandatory topic and one topic of choice from the Shifting Plates Choice Board.from the Shifting Plates Choice Board.

► Along with researching these topics, you Along with researching these topics, you and your partner will choose a product to and your partner will choose a product to create for each topic. create for each topic.

► You may only use each product once. You may only use each product once.

You must use the sites on my portaportal to You must use the sites on my portaportal to research your topics. research your topics.