Bellringer 11/10Bellringer 11/101.Where do all organisms ultimately get their 1.Where do all organisms ultimately get their

energy from?energy from?

2. How is our method of getting glucose different 2. How is our method of getting glucose different from that of a plant?from that of a plant?

Energy in the CellEnergy in the Cell

EnergyEnergy Energy- Energy- the ability to do workthe ability to do work All energy in living things is All energy in living things is

found as chemical compoundsfound as chemical compounds Main energy source = THE SUNMain energy source = THE SUN 2 organelles responsible for 2 organelles responsible for

making energy:making energy: ChloroplastsChloroplasts- - photosynthesisphotosynthesis

in plantsin plants MitochondriaMitochondria- - cellular cellular

respirationrespiration in all living cells in all living cells

Where Does Energy Come From?Where Does Energy Come From?

Energy is stored in food!!!Energy is stored in food!!! PlantsPlants use sunlight to make energy. use sunlight to make energy.

Plants are Plants are autotrophsautotrophs——they make their they make their ownown food for energy.food for energy.

AnimalsAnimals cannot use the sun’s energy cannot use the sun’s energy directly, must eat food for energy.directly, must eat food for energy. Animals are Animals are heterotrophsheterotrophs—their food comes —their food comes

from from otherother sources than the sun. sources than the sun.

Chemical EnergyChemical Energy

3 main chemical compounds for energy:3 main chemical compounds for energy: ATPATP (adenosine (adenosine tri-phosphatetri-phosphate)) ADPADP (adenosine (adenosine di-phosphatedi-phosphate)) GlucoseGlucose (C (C66HH1212OO66)- sugar/carbs)- sugar/carbs

ATP vs. ADPATP vs. ADP ATP can become ADP by ATP can become ADP by breakingbreaking a a

phosphate group (P). phosphate group (P). BreakBreak chemical bonds = chemical bonds = RELEASERELEASE energy energy ADP can become ATP by ADP can become ATP by addingadding a phosphate a phosphate

group (P).group (P). AddingAdding chemical bonds = chemical bonds = STORESTORE energy energy

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis PhotoPhoto: : using lightusing light SynthesisSynthesis: : to put something to put something

togethertogether

The process by which plant The process by which plant cells use light energy to cells use light energy to makemake food food

takes place in takes place in chloroplastschloroplasts with with aid of …aid of …

Chlorophyll-Chlorophyll- pigment that traps pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesislight energy for photosynthesis

The Photosynthesis ReactionThe Photosynthesis Reaction__ CO2 + __ H2O + light energy = __C6H12O6 + __O2

trapped by chlorophyll

But, we need to balance this equation…

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6 O2

trapped by chlorophyll

2 parts to photosynthesis: Light and Dark Reaction2 parts to photosynthesis: Light and Dark Reaction

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration The The oppositeopposite of photosynthesis! of photosynthesis! Instead of making our own food (Instead of making our own food (heterotrophsheterotrophs), ),

we have to break down the food produced by we have to break down the food produced by plants (plants (autotrophsautotrophs) to release energy needed for ) to release energy needed for body functionsbody functions

Takes place in the mitochondria of Takes place in the mitochondria of allall living living things (animal and plant cells)things (animal and plant cells)

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP (from plants for us) (for plants) (for our use)

Cellular Respiration StagesCellular Respiration Stages

3 Stages3 Stages Glycolysis- anaerobicGlycolysis- anaerobic Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)- Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)- aerobicaerobic ETCETC (Electron Transport Chain)- aerobic (Electron Transport Chain)- aerobic

Terms to remember: Terms to remember: anaerobicanaerobic (no oxygen needed) (no oxygen needed) aerobicaerobic (need oxygen) (need oxygen)

Aerobic respiration -energy produced using oxygen Anaerobic respiration - also called Fermentation - a process producing energy without oxygen

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

What if there is no OWhat if there is no O22?? When the cell needs energy When the cell needs energy

but no Obut no O22 is available for is available for respiration, cell will enter respiration, cell will enter an an anaerobicanaerobic process called process called fermentationfermentation

1.1. Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Fermentation-Fermentation- this is this is why muscles hurtwhy muscles hurt

2.2. Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation - - yeast, bacteria, this is yeast, bacteria, this is how we make beer, how we make beer, cheese, bread, vinegar, cheese, bread, vinegar, wine and ciderwine and cider

Photosynthesis vs. RespirationPhotosynthesis vs. RespirationPhotosynthesis Respiration

Food made Food broken down

Energy from sunlight stored in glucose

Stored energy in glucose released

CO2 taken in CO2 and H2O given off

O2 given off O2 taken in

Occurs in the presence of chlorophyll- plants only

Occurs in all living organisms

Light needed No light needed

In Chloroplasts In Mitochondria

Photosynthesis vs. RespirationPhotosynthesis vs. Respiration

Bell ringer 11-12-09Bell ringer 11-12-09

Indicate if the following statements are true or Indicate if the following statements are true or false:false:

1.1. ATP consists of an adenosine group attached ATP consists of an adenosine group attached to 3 phosphates.to 3 phosphates.

2.2. Plants are heterotrophs.Plants are heterotrophs.3.3. Photosynthesis takes place in the Photosynthesis takes place in the

chloroplasts.chloroplasts.4.4. If you are asleep, your body does not use any If you are asleep, your body does not use any

energy.energy.

REMINDER!!!REMINDER!!!

HOMEWORK IS DUE HOMEWORK IS DUE TOMORROW!!!TOMORROW!!!

Extra Credit: Write about a veteran that Extra Credit: Write about a veteran that you know (1 paragraph or more) you know (1 paragraph or more)

Due MondayDue Monday

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