Bellwork: Copy the prefixes.

Arthr- joint

Carp- wrist

Costo- ribs

Duc- move

Flex- bend

Myelo- bone marrow

Osteo- bone

Pod- foot

Tars- ankle

Meta- beyond

The

Skeletal

System

Standards

11) Outline the gross normal structure and function of all body systems and summarize appropriate medical texts in order to relate sign and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each.

(the urinary system)

12) Relate a therapeutic procedure or treatment to a specific body system. Create a digital or written artifact explaining anatomy involved with the treatment, reason for treatment, health care professionals assisting or performing treatment and patient education, including precautions that should occur prior to the treatment or procedure.

13) Demonstrate concepts and skills of the following clinical/lab setting:

a. Patient Positioning

b. Transfers and Ambulation

(including injury prevention and body mechanics)

Objectives

Identify the structures and functions of

the skeletal system

Label the axial and appendicular bones

Discuss possible diseases and disorders of

the skeletal system and their treatments

Practice ROM exercises

Functions of the Skeletal System

Support

Structural support

Framework for attachment

Discuss: Based on other body systems

we have studied, what does the skeleton

support?

Name specific examples.

Storage

Calcium reserve

Energy reserves (lipids in yellow marrow)

Functions of the Skeletal System

Blood Cell Production

AKA hemopoiesis (formation of blood’s

cellular components)

RBC and WBC produced in red marrow

Protection

Surrounds soft tissues and organs

Leverage for Movement

Change magnitude and direction of forces

generated by skeletal muscles

Structures of the Skeletal System:

Types of Bones Long Bones

Longer than they are wide

Ex: humerus, femur

Short Bones

Roughly equal length and width

Ex: carpals, tarsals

Flat Bones

Thin and broad

Ex: ribs

Irregular Bones

Complex shapes

Ex: pelvic girdle, vertebrae

The Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton is blueand includes the:

skull

vertebral column

sternum

ribs

hyoid bone (or laryngeal)

The Skull

Lateral

View

The

Vertebral

Column

(The

Spinal

Column)

Draw and

label

Activity

(turn to page 316 in the new book)

Draw and describe the following conditions

related to the spine:

Kyphosis

Lordosis

Scoliosis

Sternum and Rib Cage

12 sets of

Ribs

True,

False,

Floating

What body cavity do the ribs protect?

The Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton is beigeand includes

shoulder girdles

arms

wrists

hands

pelvic girdle

legs

ankles

feet.

The Shoulder Girdle

The Arm

Upper Arm Lower Arm

The Hand

The Pelvic Girdle

Why do you think the shape of the pelvis

Is different between males and females?

Leg bones

Upper Leg Lower Leg

------Patella

Ankle

and

Foot

Activity

Go back to your diagram and give the everyday

“layman’s” terms to as many bones as possible. (For

example: jaw for mandible.)

Explain why it is important to know the layman’s terms as

well as the correct medical terminology. When would

you use each?

Connective Bone Tissue

Tendons:

From our previous lesson, what do tendons connect together? What do they resemble?

Ligaments:

tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to boneand can withstand heavy stress.

Cartilage:

Acts as cushion between bones; articular cartilage

located on ends of bones and acts as shock

absorber, preventing ends from grinding together

when you move.

Moveable

Bone Joints

-Saddle

-Ball and Socket

-Pivot

-Hinge

-Ellipsoidal/

Condyloid

-Gliding

Immoveable Joints

A fixed joint

between bones

connected by

fibrous tissue (for

example, the

sutures of the skull). At what time did these bones

need to be able to move?

Cartilaginous Joint: the joint space is covered in dense connective tissue

In males this may

shift slightly at

times.

In females this joint

is vital to provide

room during

vaginal childbirth.

ARTHRITIS: ARTHR/O=JOINT ITIS=INFLAMMATION

Signs and symptoms may include: Pain, Stiffness, Swelling, Redness, and Decreased range of motion

Osteoarthritis OSTEO=JOINT

The most common type, wear-and-tear damage to your joint's cartilage — the hard, slick coating on the ends of bones. Enough damage can result in bone grinding directly on bone, which causes pain and restricted movement.

Rheumatoid arthritis

The body's immune system attacks the lining of the joint capsule, a tough membrane that encloses all the joint parts. This lining, known as the synovial membrane, becomes inflamed and swollen. The disease process can eventually destroy cartilage and bone within the joint.

Compare

the types: Treatments

Analgesics (pain meds)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

Counterirritants (menthol type creams)

Corticosteroids (suppresses immune system)Physical Therapy

Surgery

OSTEOPOROSIS Oste/o=bone por/ous= pores in the bone

osis=process/condition

…causes bones to become weak and brittle — so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses like bending over or coughing can cause a fracture.

Your bones are in a constant state of renewal — new bone is made and old bone is broken down. When you're young, your body makes new bone faster than it breaks down old bone and your bone mass increases. Most people reach their peak bone mass by their early 20s. As people age, bone mass is lost faster than it's created.

OSTEOPOROSIS TREATMENT

Bisphosphonates (increases bone density)

Drugs that promote bone growth

Hormone-related therapy (estrogen especially in women after menopause)

Increase of vitamins, calcium

Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty(process of injected bone cement into the vertebral bodies to increase height, also this reduces pain from the bone grinding together. (This procedure can be done in surgery or better yet Interventional Radiology)!!!!

A FRACTURE IN THE SPINAL COLUNN

IS CALLED A COMPRESSION FRACTURE

Fractures open fracture-breaks through skin

closed fracture-does NOT break through skin

Which is better?? To have an open fracture or closed fracture?? Why??

Fractures seen on x-ray!!!

Can you identify

each bone that is

broken?

Treatment:

Depending on age, location, and severity:

cast or surgery, followed by physical therapy.

Are there

any bones

that heal on

their own?

Bone Cancer

Uncommon, usually

an error in DNA cell.

Tests and Treatments for Bone Cancer

X-ray, Cat Scan, MRI, bone scan, PET scan

Treatment:

Chemotherapy- chemicals injected into the body to kill cancer

cells.

Radiation therapy- radiation (x-ray) emitted over the patients body,

targeting certain areas.

Surgery to remove tumors and replace bone with good bone,

remove parts of bone, or complete bone removal (especially in the

limbs).

Prosthetics in certain bones (femur, humerus) can be attached.

Activity

Go to class website and choose the Range of Motion (ROM) Activity

Make sure to define ALL of the terms including:

The FOUR main types, and

The SIXTEEN movements

Then practice directing and assisting these movements with a partner.

Directed Reading Activity In your group of three choose one of the following

directed reading from the website:

Care Considerations with Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries

Total Knee Replacement and Imaging

Computed Tomography of Facial Fractures

Each person in your group will choose a different

directed reading. You may not do the same one.

After you answer the questions, then go to the Extended

Learning Assignments tab on the class website.

Complete the task for the corresponding professional

journal.

Extended Learning!?!?

Research the carpals and tarsals.

They each have specific names.

What are they?

Label each on the hand and foot.