Benchmarking Waterborne

Alkyd Emulsions for Low

VOC Architectural Coatings

PNWSCT Coatings Fest

October 2012

2

Agenda

Alkyd Technology Review

Performance comparison of different waterborne alkyd

technology types

Benchmarking of commercial waterborne alkyd paints

2

3

Alkyd Technology Review

Makeup of an Alkyd

Polyester resin modified with fatty acid chain

Condensation reaction product of vegetable oil, polyol,

and a polyacid

Soybean, Linseed, etc.

Glycerine, pentaerythritol, etc

isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride

3

4

Alkyd Technology Review

Preferred properties of Alkyds

Excellent gloss

Hardness development

Good flow and leveling

High organic renewable content

4

5

Alkyd Technology Review

Types of Waterborne Alkyds

Pure Alkyd emulsions

External surfactant stabilized

100% NV alkyd resin + surfactants + water + energy

Hybrid waterborne alkyds

Acrylic-modified alkyd

excess acrylic acid groups

acid groups are neutralized with appropriate base - salt

formation of the polymer particles

Other hybrids such as urethane alkyds are possible

5

6 6

W/B Alkyd Resin Comparison

Test Program

High gloss paint formulation was made with various

waterborne alkyd resins

Waterborne alkyd resins

Urethane modified alkyd emulsion

Long Oil alkyd emulsion

Acrylic-modified alkyd, medium oil

Short Oil alkyd emulsion

7 7

W/B Alkyd Resin Comparison

Test Formula

8 8

Gloss

Short Oil Alkyd emulsion had the highest 20° gloss potential.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Short Oil Urethane Mod Acrylic Mod Long Oil

Gloss @ 60º Gloss @ 20º

9 9

Yellowing

Yellowing evaluated upon film exposure to ammonia vapor environment.

10 10

Dry Time

Shorter oil length alkyds generally reached dry hard state

faster.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Short Oil Acrylic Mod

Min

ute

s

Set to Touch Dry Hard

11 11

Hardness

Urethane modified alkyd stood out for hardness

development.

Short Oil alkyd was harder than the others.

12 12

Block Resistance

Most of the alkyd resin types were good for block resistance.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Urethane Mod Short Oil Long Oil Acrylic Mod

7 Day Room Temp 7 Day 52ºC

13 13

Adhesion

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Urethane Mod Short Oil Acrylic Mod Long Oil

Wet Film Crosshatch Adhesion, 7-Day Dry

Gloss Alkyd Aluminum CRS

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Urethane Mod Short Oil Acrylic Mod Long Oil

Crosshatch Adhesion, 7-Day Dry

Gloss Alkyd Aluminum CRS

Most of the waterborne

alkyds offer good multi-

substrate adhesion

characteristics on both wet

and dry adhesion.

14 14

Scrub Resistance

15 15

Washability

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

Urethane Mod Short Oil Acrylic Mod Long Oil

DE

by S

tain

Washability

Red Lipstick Mustard Coffee Purple Crayon Pencil Black China Marker Blue Ink Pen

Benchmarking Commercial

Waterborne Alkyd Paints

19 20

Alkyd Emulsion Benchmarking

Every major US paint manufacturer has a waterborne

alkyd paint in their product portfolio

Test Program

Arkema Short Oil alkyd emulsion paint formulation versus

commercial waterborne alkyd paints

Most of the commercial waterborne alkyd paints were

analyzed for their alkyd character

Acrylic Modified Alkyd

2 Long oil alkyd emulsion paints

1 acrylic-alkyd hybrid with high acrylic content

1 w/b alkyd was uncharacterized

20 21

Gloss

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Short Oil LO #1 W/B Alkyd LO #2 Acrylic Mod Hybrid

Gloss @ 60º Gloss @ 20º

21 22

Dry Times

Most of the commercial paints had longer dry hard times

than the short oil or acrylic hybrid paints.

22 23

Hardness

Short Oil alkyd paint has harder film development than the

comparison waterborne alkyd paints.

23 24

Block Resistance

Block resistance was good for most.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Hybrid Short Oil LO #1 LO #2 Acrylic Mod W/B Alkyd

7 Day Room Temp 7 Day 52ºC

24 26

Scrub Resistance

25 27

Washability

Fairly broad range of washability results.

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

W/B Alkyd Short Oil Acrylic Mod LO #2 LO #1 Hybrid

DE

by S

tain

Washability

Red Lipstick Mustard Coffee Purple Crayon Pencil Black China Marker Blue Ink Pen

27 30

Summary

Waterborne alkyd paints emphasize different performance

attributes

Performance can be optimized through formulation

Waterborne alkyd resin technology offers

Good Hardness development

Very high 20° gloss potential

Strong multi-substrate adhesion

Good balance of film properties