BHILAI ENGINEERING CORPORATION LIMITEDenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/... · BHILAI ENGINEERING CORPORATION LIMITED Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed

BHILAI ENGINEERING CORPORATION LIMITED

Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Expansion of

M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit of Bhilai Engineering Corporation

Limited, Chhattisgarh

Final Report

April 2016

Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

EIA for Proposed Expansion of M/S BEC Fertilizers, Bilaspur Unit Chhattisgarh

Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

COMPLIANCE STATUS OF EXISTING UNIT

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………….... 1-1

1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT……………………………………………........ 1-1

1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT…………………………. ………..………………………….... 1-2

1.4 EIA CONSULTANT………………………………………………….…………………… 1-2

1.5 PURPOSE OF THE EIA STUDY ……………………………………………………... 1-2

1.6 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT……………………………………………... 1-2

1.7 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK………………………………………………..... 1-3

1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE FOR EXISTING UNIT…………………………… 1-5

1.9 SCOPE OF THE EIA REPORT ………………………………………………………….. 1-5

1.10 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF EIA STUDY………………………………... 1-6

1.10.1 Approach of the EIA Study …………………………...………………………. 1-6

1.10.2 Establishment of Baseline Environmental Status………..…………………….. 1-6

1.10.3 Collection of Secondary Primary Data ……………………….............................. 1-6

1.10.4 Field Study/Monitoring for Generation of Primary Data……………………… 1-7

1.10.5 Environmental Impact Assessment …………………………………………… 1-7

1.10.6 Preparation of Environmental Management Plan…………………………....... 1-7

1.11 COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE (ToR)…………………………………... 1-7

CHAPTER-2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW…………………………………………………………….. 2-1

2.2 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT LOCATION…………………………………………... 2-3

2.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT……………………………………………… 2-3

2.4 RAW MATERIAL USED………………………………………………………………… 2-4

2.5 SOURCING OF RAW MATERIAL…………………………………………………........ 2-4

2.6 POWER REQUIREMENT AND BACK-UP FACILITY……………………………....... 2-4

2.7 PROCESS DESCRIPTION……………………………………………………………..... 2-5

2.8 WATER BALANCE OR WATER REQUIREMENT………………………………......... 2-11

2.8.1 Water Requirement Breakup for proposed Unit……………………………… 2-12

2.9 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT……………………………………………………….. 2-13

2.10 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT …………………………………………………..... 2-15

2.11 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL……………… 2-16

2.12 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS…………………………………………….... 2-17

2.13 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY FOR WORKERS………………………... 2-20

2.13.1 Safety Training………….…………….……………………………………........ 2-20

2.13.2 Safety Inspection……………………..…………..……..................................... 2-20

2.13.3 Accident Reporting and Investigation ..…………..……………........................ 2-21

2.13.4 Emergency Coordination Committee………………………………………….. 2-21

2.13.5 Health……………………………………………………………………………. 2-21

2.14 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HAZARDS………………………………………............. 2-22

2.14.1 List of Probable Hazards………………………………………………………. 2-24

2.14.2 Hazard Protection System……………………………………………………... 2-26

2.14.3 Emergency Control Centre……………………………………………………. 2-27

2.15 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY…………………………………………….. 2-28

CHAPTER-3: BASE LINE ENVIRONMENT STATUS


Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. ii

3.1 GENERAL SETTING OF SITE AND STUDY AREA…..………………………........... 3-1

3.1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 3-1

3.1.2 Site Description and its Environment.................................................................... 3-2

3.2 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY...................................................................................... 3-4

3.2.1 Topography ………………………………................................................ 3-4

3.2.2 Geology………………………………………………………………………….. 3-4

3.3 Hydrology and Hydrogeology.............................................................................................. 3-4

3.3.1 Hydrology……………………………………………………………………… 3-4

3.3.2 Hydrogeology…………………………………………………………………… 3-4

3.3.3 Ground Water Scenario......................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.4 Aquifer Characteristics......................................................................................... 3-5

3.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT..................................................................................................... 3-10

3.5 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING........................................................................................ 3-15

3.5.1 Methodology for Soil Monitoring......................................................................... 3-15

3.5.2 Soil Monitoring Locations.................................................................................... 3-15

3.5.3 Soil Characteristics in the Study Area................................................................... 3-17

3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................... 3-17

3.6.1 Methodology for Water Quality Monitoring......................................................... 3-17

3.6.2 Surface Water Monitoring Locations.................................................................... 3-18

3.6.3 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results.......................................................... 3-20

3.6.4 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations....................................................... 3-20

3.6.5 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results........................................................... 3-21

3.6.6 Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Locations.................................................... 3-22

3.6.7 Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Results........................................................ 3-22

3.7 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY..................................................................................... 3-22

3.7.1 Temperature........................................................................................................... 3-23

3.7.2 Rainfall................................................................................................................... 3-23

3.7.3 Wind Pattern..................................................................................................... 3-23

3.7.4 Atmospheric Inversion Level............................................................................. 3-23

3.8 AMBIENT AIR AND NOISE QUALITY............................................................................ 3-24

3.8.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring........................................................................... 3-24

3.8.1.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations……………….. 3-24

3.8.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Methodology…………………. 3-26

3.8.1.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results………………………… 3-27

3.8.2 Noise Monitoring................................................................................................. 3-29

3.8.3 Regional Scenario.................................................................................................. 3-31

3.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT........................................................................................ 3-32

3.9.1 Flora........................................................................................................................ 3-32

3.9.2 Fauna...................................................................................................................... 3-35

3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................. 3-36

3.10.1 Existing Facilities................................................................................................. 3-41

CHAPTER-4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………….…….………….…………… 4-1

4.2 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT ………………….…….………….…………….. 4-1

4.2.1 Impacts during Construction Phase ….………….………….………………… 4-1

4.2.2 Impacts during Operation Phase…………………………………………………. 4-1

4.2.3 Mitigation Measures…………………………………………………………… 4-1

4.3 IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT…………………………………………………… 4-2

4.3.1 Impacts during Construction Phase……………………………………………. 4-2

4.3.2 Impacts during Operation Phase………………………………………………. 4-2

4.3.2.1 The Model…………………………………………………………… 4-2

4.3.2.2 Model Input………………………………………………………… 4-3

4.3.2.3 Modeling Procedure…………………………………………………... 4-3

4.3.2.4 Modeling Results……………………………………………………... 4-3


Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. iii

4.3.2.5 Discussion on Modeling Results……………………………………… 4-8


4.4 IMPACT ON NOISE AND VIBRATION.……………..….………………..…..…........... 4-9

4.4.1 Impacts during Construction Phase …….………….………….………………… 4-9



4.5 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIORNMENT….………….……………..…………….......... 4-9

4.5.1 Impacts during Construction Phase ….………….………….………………… 4-9

4.5.2 Impacts during Operation Phase………………………………………………. 4-9

4.5.3 Mitigation Measures………………………………………………………… 4-9

4.6 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT…………………………………….. 4-10

4.6.1 Impacts during Construction and Operation Phase……………………………. 4-10


4.7 IMPACTS ON SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT……………………………….... 4-10

4.7.1 Impacts during Construction Phase …….………….………….………………… 4-10



CHAPTER-5: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ……………………………………........ 5-1

5.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING……………………………………………... 5-1

5.3 NOISE MONITORING ………………………………………………………………... 5-1

5.4 WATER QUALITY MONITORING…………………………………………………….. 5-2

5.5 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING………………………………………………………… 5-2

5.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH…………………………………………………………….. 5-2

5.7 BUDGET…………………………………………………………………………………… 5-4

CHAPTER-6: PROJECT BENEFITS

6.1 PROJECT BENEFITS ……………………………………………..……………………... 6-1

CHAPTER-7: DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN……………………………...................................... 7-1

7.2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY………………………………………….... 7-1

7.2.1 Construction …………………………………………………………………….. 7-2

7.2.2 Operation and Maintenance……………………………………………………... 7-2

7.2.3 Chemical Hazard………………………………………………………………... 7-2

7.3 SAFETY PLAN…………………………………………………………………………… 7-3

7.3.1 Safety Organization……………………………………………………………... 7-4

7.3.2 Safety Circle………………………………………………………………….. 7-4

7.3.3 Safety Training………………………………………………………………….. 7-4

7.3.4 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan……………………………………………... 7-4

7.4 KEY PERSONNEL……………………………………………………………………. 7-5

7.5 EMERGENCY PLANNING FOR DISASTER DUE TO FIRE………………………….. 7-5

7.5.1 Classification of Fires…………………………………………………………… 7-5

7.5.2 Equipment System Dealing with Fuel Handling………………………………... 7-6

7.5.3 Need for a Fire Fighting Group…………………………………………………. 7-6

7.5.4 Fire Fighting with Water………………………………………………………... 7-6

7.6 WATER LINE ARRANGEMENT…………………………………………………….. 7-7

7.6.1 Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers…………………………………………... 7-7

7.6.2 Inspection…………………………………………………………………………. 7-8

7.6.3 Procedure for Extinguishing Fire……………………………………………….. 7-8

7.6.4 Specific Emergencies Anticipated………………………………………………. 7-8

7.6.5 Emergency Action Plan…………………………………………………………. 7-8


Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. iv

7.6.6 First Information……………………………………………………………… 7-9

7.6.7 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency…………………. 7-9

7.7 EMERGENCY FACILITIES……………………………………………………………... 7-9

7.7.1 Emergency Control Center (ECC)……………………………………………… 7-9

7.7.2 Fire Fighting Facilities………………………………………………………….. 7-10

7.7.3 Emergency Medical Facilities…………………………………………………... 7-10

7.8 EMERGENCY ACTIONS……………………………………………………………... 7-10

7.8.1 Emergency Warning…………………………………………………………….. 7-10

7.8.2 Emergency Shutdown…………………………………………………………… 7-10

7.8.3 Evacuation of Personnel………………………………………………………… 7-10

7.9 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN……………………………………. 7-11

7.10 ROLE OF THE EMERGENCY CO-ORDINATION OFFICER…………………………. 7-11

7.10.1 Role of the Local Authority……………………………………………………... 7-11

7.10.2 Role of Police…………………………………………………………………… 7-11

7.10.3 Role of Fire Authorities…………………………………………………………. 7-11

7.11 RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY PERSONNEL…………………………………………… 7-12

7.11.1 Assembly Point…………………………………………………………………. 7-13

7.11.2 Emergency Power Supply………………………………………………………. 7-13

7.12 OTHERS…………………………………………………………………………………… 7-13

7.12.1 Employee Information………………………………………………………... 7-13

7.12.2 Public Information and Warning……………………………………………... 7-13

7.12.3 Co-ordination with Local Authorities…………………………………………... 7-14

7.12.4 Mock Drills…………………………………………………………………... 7-14

7.12.5 Important Information…………………………………………………………... 7-14

CHAPTER-8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 STRUCTURE OF EMP ………………………………….….............................................. 8-1

8.2 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES……………….……….. 8-1

8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS…………………………………............ 8-4

8.3.1 Air Pollution Management Plan………………………………………………... 8-4

8.3.2 Water Environment……………………………………………………………… 8-5

8.3.3 Noise Environment……………………………………………………………… 8-6

8.3.4 Rainwater Harvesting System…………………………………………………... 8-6

8.3.5 Storm Water Management Plan………………………………………………… 8-8

8.3.6 Sewage Management Plan……………………………………………………… 8-9

8.3.7 Effluent Management Plan……………………………………………………... 8-10

8.3.8 Solid Waste Management Plan…………………………………………………. 8-11

8.3.9 Hazardous Waste Management Plan…………………………………………… 8-11

8.3.10 Green Belt Development……………………………………………………….. 8-11

8.3.11 Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)………………. 8-11

8.3.12 Health and Safety……………………………………………………………… 8-13

8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ………………………………………… 8-13

8.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL…………………………………………… 8-15

8.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN BUDGET………………………………….. 8-15

CHAPTER-9: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

9.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………....................................... 9-1

9.2 SITE SELECTION………………………………………………………………………... 9-1

9.3 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION…………………………………………………………… 9-2

9.3.1 SSP/GSSP Production…………………………………………………………... 9-2

CHAPTER 10: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

10.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION………………………………………………………. 10-1


Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. v

CHAPTER 11: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

11.1 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………... 11-1

11.2 QUALITY OF SERVICES ………………………….………………………………….... 11-1

11.3 AREA OF SPECIALIZATION ………………………………………………….……….. 11-1

11.4 RESOURCES ………………………………………………………………….………..... 11-2

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

No.

Table 1.1 Salient Features of the Project ……………………………………................ 1-2

Table 1.2 Applicable Acts and Guidelines for the Proposed Project …………………….. 1-3

Table 1.3 Point Wise Compliance to the Approved Terms of Reference (ToR)………….. 1-8

Table 2.1 Salient Features of the Project…………………………………………………... 2-3

Table 2.2 Raw Materials Required for Project…………………………………………….. 2-4

Table 2.3 Solid waste generations and its mode of disposal…………………………….. 2-16

Table 2.4 Air Pollution emission and Control System.......................................................... 2-17

Table 2.5 Descriptions of Hazardous Operation/ Process/ Area/ Materials......................... 2-22

Table 2.6 List of Fire-Fighting Equipments……………………………………………. 2-27

Table 2.7 CSR Activities to be undertaken by BECF for future plan (5 years) after

expansion 2-29

Table 2.8 CSR Activities Undertaken By BECF for the Year 2012-13…………………… 2-29

Table 3.1 Brief Description of the Project Site…………………………………………. 3-2

Table 3.2 Transitivity (T) and Sp.Capacity value obtained in Bilaspur district…….. 3-5

Table 3.3 Ground Water Resources of Bilaspur District………………………………….. 3-9

Table 3.4 Classification of Land Use and Land Cover……………………………………. 3-11

Table 3.5 Soil Quality Monitoring Location………………………………………………. 3-15

Table 3.6 Soil Characteristics in the Study Area………………………………………….. 3-17

Table 3.7 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations………………………………….. 3-18

Table 3.8 Physico-Chemical Analytical Results of Surface Water……………………. 3-20

Table 3.9 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations………………………………. 3-20

Table 3.10 Physico-chemical Analysis of Ground Water Quality…………………………. 3-21

Table 3.11 Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Locations……………………………… 3-22

Table 3.12 Physico-Chemical Analysis of Effluent Treatment Plant Discharge Quality….. 3-22

Table 3.13 Monthly Rainfall Data for the Year 2012………………………………………. 3-23

Table 3.14 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations…………………………………… 3-25

Table 3.15 Summary of PM10 Levels Monitored in the Study Area………………. 3-27

Table 3.16 Summary of PM2.5 Levels Monitored in the Study Area……………………. 3-27

Table 3.17 Summary of SO2 Levels Monitored in the Study Area………………………. 3-28

Table 3.18 Summary of NOx Levels Monitored in the Study Area…………………… 3-28

Table 3.19 Summary of HC, CO, VOC, NH3, Fluoride Levels Monitored in the Study

Area. 3-29

Table 3.20 Ambient Noise Standards………………………………………………………. 3-29

Table 3.21 Location and Category of Noise Monitoring Stations………………………... 3-30

Table 3.22 Noise Monitoring Results within 10 km study area…………………………. 3-31

Table 3.23 List of Flora in the Study Area………………………………………………. 3-34

Table 3.24 List of Fauna in the Study Area……………………………………………… 3-35

Table 3.25 List of villages Surveyed…………………………………………………….. 3-37

Table 3.26 Demographic profile of the study area………………………………………. 3-39

Table 3.27 Educational Institutions in Bilaspur District in the Year 2006-2007…………… 3-41

Table 3.28 List of Industries within 10 km radius of the plant area……………………… 3-42

Table 4.1 Stack & Emission Characteristics…………………………………………….. 4-3

Table 4.2 Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC), PM10

(µg/m3)… 4-4

Table Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC), PM2.5 4-5


Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. vi

4.3 (µg/m3)…

Table

4.4 Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of SO2

(µg/m3)... 4-6

Table

4.5 Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of NOx

(µg/m3)… 4-7

Table 5.1 Environmental Monitoring (Construction Phase)………………………………. 5-3

Table 5.2 Environmental Monitoring (Operation Phase)…………………………………. 5-3

Table 5.3 Budget for Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase (2Years).. 5-4

Table 5.4 Budget for Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase……………….. 5-5

Table 7.1 Classes of Fire as per National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)………….. 7-5

Table 8.1 Proposed Environmental Mitigation Measures……………………………… 8-1

Table 8.2 List of Parameters to be monitored during Construction & Operation Phases 8-14

Table 8.3 Environment Management Cell……………………………………………… 8-15

Table 8.4 Environmental Budget………………………………………………………….. 8-15

Table 9.1 Environmental Guidelines for site selection....................................................... 9-1

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

No.

Figure 1.1 Location Map of the Project Site……………………………………………... 1-4

Figure 1.2 Layout Map of the Proposed Project………………………………………. 1-5

Figure 2.1 Layout Map showing the Proposed Expansion Unit………………………….. 2-2

Figure 2.2 Flow Chart showing the Manufacturing Process of Sulphuric Acid………. 2-7

Figure 2.3 Flow diagram for manufacturing of Triple Single Super Phosphate…………. 2-9

Figure 2.4 Manufacturing Process Flow diagram for SSP/GSSP………………………... 2-10

Figure 2.5 Water Balance Diagram for the Existing Unit…………………………….. 2-12

Figure 2.6 Water Balance Diagram for the Expansion Unit………………………….. 2-12

Figure 2.7 Schematic Flow Diagram of STP…………………………………………. 2-14

Figure 2.8 Schematic Diagram of Existing ETP…………………………………………. 2-15

Figure 3.1 Project Location Map………………………………………………………… 3-1

Figure 3.2 Study Area Map for Proposed Project…………………………………….. 3-2

Figure 3.3 Project Location map with respect to nearby industries………………………. 3-3

Figure 3.4 Hydrogeological Map of Bilaspur District………………………………… 3-6

Figure 3.5 Pre monsoon depths to water level (CGWB 2010)………………………….. 3-7

Figure 3.6 Post monsoon depths to water level (CGWB 2010)………………………… 3-8

Figure 3.7 Ground water resource map of Bilaspur district (CGWB 2010)…………. 3-10

Figure 3.8 Land Use Land Cover Pattern of the Study Area………………………… 3-12

Figure 3.9 Terrain Map of Study Area………………………………………………….. 3-13

Figure 3.10 Seismic Zonation Map of India (BMTPC 2006)…………………………. 3-14

Figure 3.11 Soil Sampling Locations in the Study Area…………………………………. 3-16

Figure 3.12 Surface water and ground water quality monitoring sampling locations…… 3-19

Figure 3.13 Wind Rose for the Project Site……………………………………………… 3-24

Figure 3.14 Ambient air quality-monitoring locations…………………………………… 3-25

Figure 3.15 Noise Monitoring Location in the Study Area………………………………. 3-30

Figure 3.16 Noise Quality Monitoring Results (Leq Day Time)………………………… 3-32

Figure 3.17 Noise Quality Monitoring Results (Leq Night Time)……………………….. 3-32

Figure 3.18 Habitation map of the study area………………………………………………. 3-37

Figure 4.1 Isopleths plot of concentration for PM10 (µg/m3)………………………….. 4-4

Figure 4.2 Isopleths plot of concentration for PM2.5 (µg/m3)………………………….. 4-5

Figure 4.3 Isopleths plot of concentration for SO2 (µg/m3)……………………………. 4-6

Figure 4.4 Isopleths plot of concentration for NOx (µg/m3)…………………………… 4-7

Figure 8.1 Flow Chart for Air Pollution Control System……………………………….. 8-5


Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

No.

Figure 8.2 Rain Water Harvesting System……………………………………………… 8-7

Figure 8.3 Proposed Rain Water Harvesting System…………………………………… 8-8

Figure 8.4 Sewage Treatment Plant Process………………………………………………. 8-10

Figure 8.5 Flow Diagrams for Effluent Treatment Plant………………………………… 8-12


Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 1

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Introduction

M/s. Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited (BEC), Bhilai is a diversified Engineering

manufacturing organization with multidisciplinary facilities. It is engaged in meeting the

engineering challenges of business with a devoted sense of commitment and conviction.

BEC’s main product ranges from design, engineering, manufacturing of steel plant and other core sector equipments for over 40 years, to manufacture and supply of Fertilizer since year

1985. M/s. BEC Fertilizers (BECF) is a unit of M/s. Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited

and entered in the business of Manufacturing fertilizers and other Agro-inputs since 1985.

BEC has a unit at Bilaspur (1985) and Pulgaon (2001).

It has proposed to expand manufacturing units for Granulated Fertilizer

(SSP/TSP/NPK/Customized Fertilizer) (4,40,000 TPA), Single/Triple/Boronated/Zincated

Super Phosphate (4,40,000 TPA) Triple Super Phosphate (1,00,000 TPA) and Sulphuric Acid

(1,40,000 TPA) production unit at Sirgitti, CSIDC, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.

M/s Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. has been appointed by BEC as an independent

EIA consultant for carrying out environmental impact assessment studies for the proposed

project.

Scope of EIA Study

The scope of the EIA study includes:

Detailed characterization of the existing status of the land, air, water, soil, biotic and socio-

economic environment within 10 km study area around the project site. Identification of the

potential environmental impacts of the project, suggestion of appropriate remedial/

mitigation measures and formulation of an effective environmental management plan

(EMP) to prevent, control and mitigate the adverse impacts, and ensure the environmental

compliance.

Apart from suggesting mitigation measures to the negative impacts, the report reserves

implementation of various enhancement measures as a part of project benefit program to

people of the nearby areas.

The structure of executive summary is set out under the following sub-headings:

1. Introduction

2. Salient Features.

3. Project Location

4. Project Description

5. Baseline Environmental Status

6. Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures

7. Environmental Monitoring Plan

8. Project Benefits

9. Environmental Management Plan

10. Conclusion.



2. Salient Features

The salient features of the proposed project are given in the Table 1.

Table 1: Salient Features of the Project

Items Details

Location Plot no. 96, Sirgitti, CSIDC Industrial area, Bilaspur.

Latitude and

Longitude

Latitude : 22° 02’ 30.6” N

Longitude : 82° 09’ 27.1” E

Plot area 47.66 acres

Proposed

production

capacity

Granulated Fertilizer (SSP/TSP/.NPK/Customized Fertilizer) – 4,40,000

TPA Single / Triple / Boronated / Zincated / Super Phosphate – 4,40,000

TPA, Sulphuric Acid – 1,40,000 TPA, Triple Super Phosphate –

1,00,000 TPA

Power

requirement &

source

Construction Phase:150 kW

Source: Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB)

Operational Phase:

SSP 25 kWh / MT SSP

GSSP 15 kWh / MT SSP

SA 55 kWh / MT SA

Additional 3050 kW

Source – Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB)

Total power requirement of proposed plant shall be 3200 KWH.

TG Set (1 Nos.) of 2500 KVA (Condensing Type)

Power backup DG Set (2 Nos.) of 1070 KVA

Water

requirement &

source

Construction Phase: 350 kLD

Operational Phase: 1550 kLD

Source: Water supplied by CSIDC Water Supply Authority from Arpa

River.

ETP Facility The process used for the production of complex Fertilizer is a Zero

Effluent Discharge Process. Hence, ETP is not required for the

production of the complex Fertilizer.

Quantity of effluent to be treated in ETP: 100 m3/day

STP Facility Quantity of sewage to be treated in the STP: 40 m3/day

Project cost Rs. 75 Cr.



3. Project Location

The proposed expansion of Granulated Fertilizer (SSP/TSP/NPK/Customized Fertilizer)

(4,40,000 TPA), Single/Triple/Boronated/Zincated Super Phosphate (4,40,000 TPA) Triple

Super Phosphate (1,00,000 TPA),and Sulphuric Acid (1,40,000 TPA) facility is being

developed inside the plant premises and adjacent to the existing fertilizer plant. The existing

fertilizer plant is also having necessary facilities such as railway siding, well developed roads,

and truck unloading facilities, facilities for rain water collection etc. which also substantiate

the proposed site location

Location map is given in Figure 1.1. The detailed layout plan of the proposed project is also

given in Figure 1.2.

Figure: 1.1 Project Location Map



Figure: 1.2 Detailed Project Layout Plan.

4. Project Description

The area for proposed expansion is within the existing plant premises. The site is well

connected by road and is approximately 5 km from Bilaspur Railway Station. The study area

of 10 km radius mostly consist of mixture of scrub land and agricultural land and the project

site is in proximity to various industries such as Narmada Drinks Pvt. Ltd.,Vandana Vidyut

Ltd., Ganpat Industries, Black Diamond Motors Pvt. Etc.

Raw Materials Used

Sulphur, Rock Phosphate, Sulphuric acid, Phosphoric acid are the raw materials required for

the manufacturing of the complex fertilizer products such as Sulphuric acid, SSP, TSP,

Boronated Single Super Phosphate. Details of the raw materials required for the proposed

project is as per below Table 2.

Table 2: Raw Materials Required for Project

Sl. No. Raw materials Existing (MTPA) Proposed (MTPA)

1 Sulphur 13,500 47,000

2 Rock Phosphate 78,000 2,46.000

3 Sulphuric Acid (Con. 98%) 50,000 1,58,000

4 Phosphoric Acid (P2O5 100% basis) - 36,000

Sulphuric Acid

Sulphur is the basic raw material for the production of Sulphuric Acid. Sulphuric acid

produced in the plant shall be utilized for manufacturing Single Super Phosphate Fertilizer.



Sulphuric acid is manufactured by contact process using DCDA (Double conversion &

double absorption) technology, which is latest and most efficient today. Following chemical

reactions take place in the process.

01. S+O2 = SO3

02. SO2 + ½ O2 = SO3

03. SO3 + H2O = H2SO4

Single Super Phosphate

Single Super Phosphate (SSP) manufacturing is a simple process. By digesting the Rock

Phosphate with Sulphuric Acid it is produced. During the reaction the insoluble Phosphates

are converted into water soluble phosphates thus when SSP is applied in field the Phosphates

are readily available in the soil and absorbed by plants for its growth.

Raw material consumption (PMT of SSP)

A) Rock Phosphate - 560 Kg.

B) Sulphuric Acid (Conc. 98%) - 360 Kg.

Manufacturing process

Rock Phosphate is ground to fine powder (90% of 100mesh) in a Milling section and it is

conveyed through Screw Conveyor and Bucket Elevator to the Mixer where reactions take

place. Parallely Sulphuric acid, water and recycled Flouro Silicic Acid liquor are also added

in the mixer in a pre-determined ratio. The Rock Phosphate, Acid and dilution liquor react

together in the Mixer (Reactor) to produce single Super Phosphate.

Boronated Single Super Phosphate (BSSP)

Manufacturing process of BSSP is same as that of SSP. It shall also be manufactured in the

existing SSP plant. Rock Phosphate and Sulphuric are the main raw material for

manufacturing SSP. For BSSP Sodium Borate Penta hydrate (Na2B4O7.5H2O) is added extra

as per the requirement along with water in the Mixer. The remaining process is same.

Boron is a micronutrient, which is also necessary for the growth of plants to increase the

yield. As per FCO (Fertilizer Control Order), the Boron contained in the BSSP should be

0.15% to 0.20%. Above 10 Kg/MT of Sodium Borate is added to get desired Boron in the

product. BECF shall manufacture Boronated SSP also in the existing SSP plant.

Zincated Single Super Phosphate (ZSSP)

Zincated SSP is also being manufactured in existing SSP.

Zinc is a micronutrient which is also necessary for growth of Plant to increase the yield. As

per FCO, the zinc content in ZSSP should be minimum 0.5%. Accordingly, above 15 kg of

monohydrate zinc sulphate is added to get zinc in the product.

Triple Super Phosphate (TSP)

Triple Super Phosphate is manufactured by digesting rock phosphate with phosphoric acid.

Manufacturing process of TSP is same as of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) except Phosphoric

acid used for TSP in place of Sulphuric Acid used for SSP. TSP is considered as the

concentrated form of Single Super Phosphate. Consequently, TSP can also be manufactured



in the existing SSP plant. BECF proposes to manufacture TSP also in the existing and

proposed SSP plant.

Granulated Fertilizer (GSSP/TSP/NPK/Customized)

The granulation plant is a multi product unit where one or many of the individual fertilizers

viz, Urea, TSP DAP, SSP, MOP, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Sulphur, Iron, etc are mixed together

in a predetermined ratio and they are broken down and blended to make homogeneous mass.

This mass is fed into granulator where required quantity of water is added to moist the mass

and rotated in a drum called ‘Granulator’. As a result of this the powdered mass is converted into granules of various sizes. The wet granules are passed through a rotating dryer drum

where hot air generated from a furnace is passed through the mass. At the end of the dryer

drum dried granules are received and it is fed into a cooler drum where atmospheric air is

passed from the opposite direction to cool the material. The cooled granules are screened in

vibrating screens to segregate product size, oversize & undersize particles. The oversize

granules are crushed and along with undersize material it is fed back to granulator for onward

granulation. In the whole process no chemical reaction takes place as it is a simple physical

crushing and mixing and granulating process using suitable machineries.

To produce granulated SSP, only SSP Powder will be the raw material. For NPK Mixture

manufacture Urea, DAP, SSP, MOP, etc are the raw materials. For Customized Fertilizers, in

addition to the above, micro nutrients viz, Boron, Zinc & the other cation minerals in very

small quantities will be added in the granulation process.

5. Baseline Environmental Status

5.1 Topography

Bilaspur plain is bisected by the river Arpa and its tributaries which divides this plain intio

two parts western and eastern. The elevation of the plain is below 300 meter above the sea

level. Bilaspur city area where site is located occupies gently sloping terrain, gradually

sloping towards the Arpa River from north and south. The area south of Arpa River gently

slopes and forms a shape like saucer at the city’s centre. The hillocks north of the city are responsible in creating drainage channels. There are five major drain basins of the Bilaspur

are namely Chantidih, Chingrajpara, South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. Jawali, Torba. The

combination of natural and constructed drains forms a rectangular drainage pattern ultimately

discharging in to the Arpa River.

5.2 Geology

The major geological formation in the district are high grade gneisses and unclassified

metamorphics of Archean age. They are overlain by sedimentary formations of upper

Proterozoic known as Chhattisgarh super group consisting of limestones, siltstones, shales,

sandstone and marlstone. Gondwana group of rocks belonging to carboniferous to lower

cretaceous age also occur in the area3.3

5.3 Hydrology

The major riverine system of the study area is drained by Arpa River, a tributary of Seonath

River. The Arpa River flows through the city from north-west to south-east. The drainage of

the city to the river is carried by Jewali Nullah in the south and Goker Nullah in the north of

the river. Arpa is the important riverine system, which falls within 12 km (West) from the

project site.



5.4 Hydrogeology

The main sources of water in the study area are bore wells, tube wells and piped water supply.

The requirements of water for irrigation and the domestic purposes, are fulfilled by the

groundwater through dug well and bore well. As per the ground water exploration conducted

by the CGWB, North Central Region, Raipur (CGWB, 2010), the Arpa River alluvium is the

main potential aquifer in the Bilaspur urban area. The thickness of the alluvium varies from

19 to 30 m. Groundwater occurs in dolomite and shale formation of Proterozoic age, which

are underlying the alluvium.3.5 The ground water in the area occurs under water table

conditions in alluvium formation and in semi-confined to confined conditions in the fractured

part of the calcareous formation occurring below alluvium.

The main sources of water in the study area are bore wells, tube wells, canals and piped water

supply. The study area falls under the Arpa river basin.

5.5 Land Environment

5.5.1 Land Use Land Cover

The project site, which is located in the Sirgitti industrial area and the proposed expansion is

within the existing plant premise so the project site is devoid of agricultural land but within

the study area both agricultural and scrub lands are present.

The Study Area is covered by about 59.2% of the study area is covered by agricultural land,

which is characterized by scattered plantation of 12.79 % and built up area of 12.64 %. Next

to built up area about 11.12% is fallow land and 2.9 % water body.0.62 % of the area

constitutes shrub land; 0.53 % constitutes dry river bed and 0.03 % of the study area

constitutes marshy land.

5.5.2 Seismicity

The proposed project site is in Seismic Zone II as per IS 1893 (Part I):2002, the associated

intensity is MM VI (or less), which signifies that the project site is of low intensity zone.

Hence, probability of having high intensity earthquake is almost negligible.

5.5.3 Soil Quality

The Soil Monitoring was conducted for studying the various parameters in five different

locations within the study area, namely in the proposed expansion area, existing plant site,

back side of engineering godown, village Joparpara, village Kormi.

As per the soil quality analytical results, the soil was neutral in nature with pH ranging from

7.1 to 7.2. The bulk density of the soil varied from 1.31 to 1.47 g/cc, which was ideal for

agricultural activity. The concentration of available Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium

were in the range of 230 – 241 kg/ha, 38.5– 41.3 kg/ha and 138 – 141 kg/ha, which signified

that the soil was moderately fertile. The organic carbon in the soil ranged from 1.3 to 1.33%

5.6 Water Environment

To assess the water quality of the study area, three different classes of water was sampled and

assessed, they are: Surface Water, Ground Water and Water from the Effluent treatment

plants, located within the plant premises.



Water samples were collected once from all these locations during the one season study

period. The samples were analyzed for relevant physico-chemical parameters for drawing up

the baseline data

Surface Water

The pH of the surface water was in the range of 7.0 to 7.5. The hardness ranged from 61 to 80

mg/. The concentration of Calcium ranged from 20 to 29 mg/l and Magnesium ranged from

16-21 mg/l. The concentration of Iron, Fluoride, Lead, Chromium, Mercury, Arsenic, Cyanide

were below the detectable level.

Ground Water

The pH of the ground water was slightly alkaline ranging from 6.5 to 7.7. The totals dissolved

solids in all the sampled water and were in the range of 537 to 723 mg/l. Calcium and

magnesium were in the range of 38 – 81 mg/l and 15-41 mg/l, respectively. The concentration

of fluoride in water was in the range of 0.41 – 0.88 mg/l, which is within the permissible limit

of 1.0 mg/l as per IS 10500:2012. The concentration of nitrate and iron in the ground water

were in the range of 9.3 –13.8 mg/l and 0.11- 0.25 mg/l respectively. The range of alkalinity

and hardness in water ranged from 84 – 109 mg/l and 125-179 mg/l, respectively.

Waste Water

The wastewater quality monitoring was conducted for studying the parameters in three

different locations within the plant. The pH of the water collected from ETP 1, 2 were

alkaline in nature. All other parameters like TSS, Oil and grease, Fluoride, Phenolics,

Mercury, Cyanide, Phosphates, were well within the discharge limits.

5.7 Climate and Meteorology

Chhattisgarh has three distinct seasons, namely summer (March to June), monsoon (July to

September) and winter (November to February).

Relative humidity is quite high, exceeding 80% during rainy season. The sky is mostly cloudy

during the rainy season and less cloudy in the post–monsoon months, with clear sky during

the other months of the year. Wind speeds are generally low, though they accelerate during

the latter part of summer and early southwest monsoons.

Generally, light to moderate wind prevail throughout the year in the morning hours. The wind

is stronger in the afternoon. A review of the wind rose diagram of the project site during the

study period (October – December 2015) shows that predominant winds (around 67%) are

mostly towards South West directions. The average wind speed is 3.91 m/s with calm winds

prevailing during 0.51%.

5.8 Ambient Air Quality

Six sampling stations were chosen for monitoring of ambient air quality within the study area.

These were within 10 km from proposed expansion locations. One of the locations was

situated in the predominant wind direction (South West and South East) as per the Windrose.

The air quality parameters like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO, NH3, VOC, and HC are

monitored out of which PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and NH3 are listed in the NAAQ standard

2009 and are found to be within the permissible limits of prescribed standards.



The 24-hourly average PM10 level varied between 51.3 g/m3 (at AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar) and

57.5g/m3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The level of PM10 in all the areas is well within the NAAQS

standards of 100 g/m3

The 24-hourly average PM2.5 level varied between 21.75 g/m3 (at

AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar) and 30.6 g/m3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). Similar to that of PM10, the levels of

PM2.5 for all the sampling locations is within the permissible limit of 60 g/m3.

The mean of 24-hourly average values of SO2 over the study area was varying between 11.9

µg/m3 (at AQ-3 Hardikala village) to 14.85 µg/m

3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The SO2 levels at all the

locations were much below the permissible limit of 80 g/m3 stipulated for residential, rural

& other areas. The mean of 24-hourly NOx level over the entire study area was varying

between 20.7 g/m3 (at AQ-4 Tilak Nagar) to 25.25 g/m

3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The 24-hourly

average values of NOx at all the locations were within the prescribed limit of 80 g/m3

5.9 Noise

The noise level was monitored in seven locations and is within the permissible limits.

Assessment of day-night equivalent noise levels in and around the industry reveals that noise

levels are ranging from 41.5 to 54.7 dB (A) during day time and 31.3 to 52.7 dB (A) during

night time, which can be taken as the existing baseline status.

5.10 Biological Environment

The study was carried out within the 10 km radius of the project area.

To understand the structure of the ecological community of the study area quadrate sampling

method was followed. During the process of ecological survey, quadrate study was done for

tree, shrubs and herbs species to understand the community structure of the vegetation.The

study area comprises mostly of Broad Leaf Sub Tropical Forests.

Some of the dominant tree species are Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) Gamhar (Cometina

arhborca), Sal (Shorea robusta), Sagun (Tectona grandis), Neem(Azadirachta indica),

Jamun (Syzigium cumini), Kanji (Pongamia pinnata), Eucalyptus, Dhak, Mahua (Bassia

latifolia), Mango (Mangifera indica ) Acacia arbica, Sesham (Dalbergia sissoo), Chatauna

(Alstonia scholars), etc.,

Among the common shrubs species that were observed during sampling includes Ber

(Ziziphus numularia), Lantana camera, Calotropis procera, Iporea purpurea, Babul (Acacia

arbica), Pink shower (Cassia nudosa), Palas (Butea monosperma) etc. Herbs species of the

study area consists of grasses, Argemon Mexicana,Parthenium sp., Nerium odorum

Mammals: Important mammals recorded are Jackles, Fox, Bats, Squirrel, Indian Hare,

Monkey

Reptiles: Indian Cobra, Python, Krait, Indian Chameleon.

Avifauna: House sparrow, Crow, Mayna, Tree Pie, Pigeon

List of Flora and Fauna in the study area is in tables below:

List of Flora in the study area

S. No Scientific Name Common Name Habit

1 Mangifera indica Mango Tree



S. No Scientific Name Common Name Habit

2 Ziziphus numularia Ber Tree

3 Azadirachta indica Neem Tree

4 Artocarpus integrifolia Kathal Tree

5 Syzigium cumini Jamun Tree

6 Moringa oleifera Sajana Tree

7 Madhuca latifolia Mahula Tree

8 Tamarindus indica Imli Tree

10 Psidium guajava Guava Tree

11 Shorea robusta Sal Tree

12 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Tree

13 Bassia latifolia Mahua Tree

14 Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo Tree

15 Ficus Benghalensis Banyan Tree

16 Delonix sp. Gulmohar Tree

17 Pongamia pinnata Karanji Tree

18 Butea sp. Palas Tree

19 Alstonia scholars Chatauna Tree

20 Cassia nudosa PinkShower Shrub

21 Tinospora cerdifolia Gulancha Shrub

22 Acacia arbica Babul Shrub

23 Datur stramonium Dhutura Shrub

24 Calotropis gigantea - Shrub

25 Lantana camara - Shrub

26 Ocimum canum Bantulsi Herb

27 Nerium odorum Karabi Herb

28 Thevetia peruviana Kolke Herb

Plumeria sp. Gulechin Herb



List of Fauna in the study area

Sl.

No. Common Name Scientific Name Conservation IUCN Status

Mammals

1. Jackles Canis aureus indicus Least Concern

2. Fox Vulpes bengalensis Least Concern

3. Bats Pteropus giganteus Least Concern

4. Squirrel Funambulus palmarum Least Concern

5. Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis Least Concern

6. Monkey Macaca Fascicularis Least Concern

Reptiles

1. Indian Cobra Naja naja Not Evaluated

2. Python Python molurus Near Threatened

3. Krait Bungarus sp. Least Concern

4. Indian Chameleon Chamaeleo zeylanicus Least Concern

5. Viper Daboia russelii

Avifauna

1. Grey Quail

2. House sparrow Passer domesticus Least Concern

3. Crow Corvus culminatus Least Concern

4. Mayna Mayna pubescens Endangered

5. Tree Pie Dendrocitta sp. Least Concern

6. Pigeon Columba livia Least Concern

No Eco sensitive Zone like Biosphere reserve, National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary is present

within 10 km of the study area or its vicinity.

5.11 Socio-Economic Environment

The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography and social

strata and literacy levels besides infrastructure facilities available in the area. The Socio –

Economic survey was conducted in ten hamlets Jhoparpara, Sirgitti, Chakrabhatta, Dhamini,

Karaar, Sewer, Hardikala, Saida, Chautana.

Agriculture provides livelihood to a large section. People are engaged in growing crops and

plantations for commercial purposes. The major cash crops of the area are paddy, wheat,

Pulses and vegetables. Some people also work as laborers in the agricultural fields.

Most of the villages have good connectivity and communication facilities. The villages nearby

the Sirgitti Industrial Area are well connected with each other. The national highway (NH

200) and NH 111, which passes along the study area thereby providing good connectivity to a

very wide network of the national and state highways.

Bilaspur railway station is the nearest main railway station at approx. 2 km (aerial distance)

from the project site in the north direction, which is well connected to the study area. Apart

from railways and roadways, there are rivers flowing through the area.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daboia_russelii



Most of the villages in the block have both mobile and landline telecom connections. They

have post offices and many cooperative as well as regional level banks. All the villages have

television/radio sets and are aware of national and international news/events.

The villages of the block do not have good medical facilities. Primary health centers exist in

few of the villages along with some private doctors, so the villagers have to go to Bilaspur for

any major disease. Therefore, medical facilities need to be developed in these villages.

Although primary educational facilities are there in all the villages and for higher education

villagers have to commute to Bilaspur.

6. Identification of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The impacts and mitigation measures with respect to the construction and operation phases of

the proposed project are given in Table 4.

Table 4: Proposed Environmental Mitigation Measures

Sl. No. Component Impact Mitigation Measures

Construction Phase

1. Air Generation of Dust, CO2,

SOX, NOx

(Short term for a period of

6 months and Local)

Covering of construction material

with sheets while transportation and storage.

Use of water sprinklers.

Personal Protective equipment

for labours.

Project site is inside the existing

industrial complex. No impact on general public.

2. Noise and

Vibration Increase in the noise

levels due to movement

of vehicles and

construction activities.

Vibration due to

movement of vehicles

and construction activities.

(Short term for a period

of 6 months and Local)

Proper service and maintenance of

machines and vehicles to control noise.

Personal protective equipments

for labours.

The impact due to vibration will

be insignificant.



3. Water Water pollution due to

disposal of sewage will

be curtailed with the

existing sewage treatment plant.

(Short term,

Minor, Local)

Proper sanitation facilities in the

construction site as well as labour colony.

Treatment of sewage within BEC

premises.

4. Land Removal of top soil

and change in soil quality.

Soil pollution due to

discharge of sewage

and solid waste onto

land will be curtailed

with the existing

Use of removed soil for

landscaping purposes, improving aesthetics.

Sanitation facilities in the

construction site as well as labour camps.

Treatment and disposal of

sewage and solid waste as per




sewage treatment plant.

No change in Land use

pattern as project site is

inside the existing

industrial complex.

(Minor and Local)

Chhattisgarh State Pollution Control Board guidelines.

5. Biological

Flora

Fauna

Disturbance due to increase in noise.

(Short term, Minor and

Local)

Green belt development.

6. Socio-

Economic

Employment of

construction workers

(Direct, Positive)

People from the study area to be

employed as far as possible

7. Occupational

Health and Safety

Auditory ailment due

to noise will be prevented.

Dust emission


Local)

The use of personal protective

equipments will be made stringent.

Water sprinkling system for dust

generating area.

Operation Phase

1. Air Increase in the air

pollutant concentration

will be addressed

using cyclonic

Separators and Venturi

scrubbers

Dust generation

possibility is minimum

as raw materials

handled are liquids and

product will be bagged

in the existing bagging

plant (Direct, Local,

sustainable)

Use of cyclonic Separators and

Venturi scrubbers to control dust

and fugitive emissions within the

limits of Chhattisgarh State Pollution Control Board.


for labours.

Strict implementation of

Hazardous Waste Rules Act 1989,

while

storage/handling/transportation of hazardous substances.

Regular monitoring of emissions.

2. Noise and


levels will be

minimised by using

Equipments with noise level below 80db

Vibration during

operation of manufacturing unit.

(Direct, Minor

,Local, sustainable)

Equipments with noise level

below 80db only will be used.


machines to control noise.


for employees like anti vibration

gloves and ear plugs.



3. Water Insignificant on

groundwater.

Degradation of quality

due to discharge of

sewage and untreated


plant area.

Treatment of wastewater

The effluent generated from the

manufacturing unit will be reused




water will be prevented.

Discharge of effluent

from the manufacturing

unit.

(Indirect, Negative,

Minor, Local, sustainable)

for dilution of phosphoric and

sulphuric acids. There will be no

generation of effluent from the

proposed project. Hence, no

specific mitigation measures are

proposed with respect to this.

Effluent discharge, if any due to

unforeseen circumstances or

process upset shall be treated in

the existing ETP

4. Land Pollution due to

discharge of sewage

waste will be prevented.

Dust generation


as raw materials




plant (Direct,

Negative, Minor ,

Local, sustainable)


plant area.

Proper treatment and disposal of

sewage and solid waste as per the

guidelines of Chattisgarh State Pollution Control Board

5. Biological

Flora

Fauna

Disturbance due to increase in noise.

(Minor, Direct, Local

,sustainable)

Operational activities of heavy

machineries and transportation

only in daytime.


6. Socio-

Economic

Employment to local

people

(Positive, Local)

Proper sanitation facilities within

plant area.


sewage and solid waste as per the guidelines.

Proper handling and management

of hazardous material as per the

Hazardous waste (Management

and Handling) Rules.

7. Occupational

Health and Safety

Auditory ailment due

to noise generated from

the production unit will

be minimised by using

Equipments with noise level below 80db

Accidents due to

handling/storage/

transportation of hazardous materials.

(Local and

sustainable)

Equipments with noise level

below 80db only will be used.

Wearing of personal protective

equipments like gas masks, ear

muffs etc. will be strictly enforced.

Training/awareness programme

about the handling / storage /

transportation of hazardous materials.

Signages showing the hazardous

nature and the method of handling

near storage / handling area of all

the hazardous materials.

First aid training for chemical

/fire hazard related accidents.



7. Environmental Monitoring Plan

The parameters and respective frequency of monitoring as part of Environmental Monitoring

Plan for both construction and operation phases are tabulated below in Table 5 and 6

Table 5: List of Parameters to be monitored during Construction Phases

Parameter Parameters Frequency Location

Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2

and NOx

Monthly At major construction sites (total

3 stations)

Noise Equivalent noise level Monthly At major construction site and

near generator set

Soil Parameters as per

CPCB

Annual At and near the plant area and

green belt, three locations around

the project site within 200 m distance from the unit.

Water Parameters as per

CPCB standards

Monthly Storm water drainage area, two

ground water location within

BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur.

Effluent from

STP

pH, BOD, COD, TSS,

TDS

Monthly Inlet and outlet of STP

Table 6: List of Parameters to be monitored during Construction Phases


Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2

and NOx

Monthly At major construction sites (total 3 stations)


near generator set


CPCB


green belt, three locations

around the project site within

200 m distance from the unit.


CPCB standards




Effluent from

STP

pH, BOD, COD, TSS,

TDS


Item Parameters Frequency Location

Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2 ,

HC, NH3, CO, VOC and NOx

Monthly Stack, generator set, three

locations within 100 – 200 m of

the project site, two locations

within the plant near the

production units, storage area

for the raw material and

fertilizer, packaging area for fertilizer.

Noise Equivalent noise level Monthly Generator set, three locations

within 100 – 200 m of the

project site, two locations within

the plant near the production

units, storage area for the raw




material and fertilizer, packaging area for fertilizer.

Ground Water Parameters as per CPCB standards

Thrice a year

Storm water drainage area, two

ground water locations within

BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur and one in the nearest bore well.

STP pH, BOD, COD, TSS,

TDS

Monthly Before and after treatment from

STP

ETP Parameters as per

CPCB standards


ETP

Soil pH, moisture content,

texture, organic

matter, chloride, SAR,

CEC, nitrogen,

phosphorous, fluoride, sulphur

Once in a year

Three locations around the

project site within 200 m

distance from the unit.

Occupational

Health

General and

respiratory ailments

check up

Once in a

year

-

8. Project Benefits

The proposed expansion project will lead to the following benefits:

Increase in production of complex fertiliser.

Increase in agricultural productivity due to application of complex fertiliser.

The project will result in the employment opportunities to the unskilled/skilled local

people.

Thereby, the quality of life of the employed people will increase.

9. Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

The following plans are proposed under the Environmental Management Plan:

Air Pollution Management Plan

Storm Water Management Plan

Sewage Management Plan

Rainwater Harvesting System

Effluent Management Plan

Solid Waste Management Plan

Hazardous Waste Management Plan

Green Belt Development

Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)

A total capital and recurring cost provision of about INR 203 Lakhs has been kept in the

project cost towards the environmental protection, control and mitigation measures and

implementation of the EMP. The budgetary cost estimate for EMP is given in Table: 7



Table: 7 Cost Estimate for EMP Budget

S.

No. Items

Approx. Capital

Cost

(Rs. Lakhs)

Recurring

Cost per yr.

(Rs. Lakhs)

1. Water pollution control (Capital cost of STP and

recurring cost of water & effluent quality monitoring)

25 5

2. Air pollution control (Capital cost of stacks and

recurring cost of stack emission monitoring.) 100 28

3. Noise pollution control (Capital cost of DG room

enclosure & acoustic treatment and recurring

cost of noise monitoring.)

5 -

4. Solid wastes management (Capital cost of bins

for solid wastes, storage space for hazardous

wastes and recurring cost of handling &

disposal.)

15 3

5. Rainwater harvesting. 10 -

6. Storm water drainage system. Present drainage

system is available

1

7. Landscaping. 5 1

8. Environmental management (recurring cost of

annual monitoring, hiring of consultants and payment of various statutory fees.)

5

Total 160 43

10. Conclusion

The environmental status of the project site and study area of 10 km radius is delineated with

respect to air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic environment. The different

project activities in the construction and operation phases are identified. To identify the

impacts, the interaction between the project activities and different components of

environment are classified phase wise. A summary of the identified impacts are given in the

following paragraphs.

In the constructional phase, the transportation of construction material could have an impact,

especially on air, noise, vibration, flora and fauna. However, since this project is proposed

adjacent to existing plant inside the existing industrial complex with well-maintained

infrastructure facilities, even this impact is minimal and temporary.

Additional strength of labourers could temporarily increase the pressure on the resources of

the area. During the operational phase, there could be minor change in air quality.

Transportation of raw material, storage and handling of hazardous material and the

production process could cause a temporary disturbance to environment variables which will

be prevented with the proposed mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 4.



STATUS OF COMPLIANCE OF

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

1. Introduction

The existing unit is located in the notified industrial area of Chhattisgarh, Plot No. 96, CSIDC

Sirgitti Industrial Estate, Tehsil Bilha, District Bilaspur of Chhattisgarh. BEC Bilaspur unit

was established in 1985. BECF propose to do the expansion of their Bilaspur unit to meet the

growing demand of fertilizers.

2. Environmental Clearance for Existing Unit

The Present existing unit was established in the year 1985. At that time environmental

clearance procedure was not in process. So the existing unit has no Environmental clearance

certificate. But the existing unit has Land Allotment Letter (Annexure I) consent to operate

for establishment.

3. Sirgitti Industrial Estate Notification Issued by State government as Annexure- II

4. Air Consent

The authorized renewed consent for air under section 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of

Pollution) Act, 1981 from Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board for the existing unit

is in Annexure- III.

5. Water Consent

The authorized renewed consent for water under section 25/26 of the Water (Prevention and

Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 from Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board for the

existing unit is in Annexure- IV.

6. Authorisation for Operating a Facility for Handling of Hazardous Waste

The authorisation letter from Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board for operating a

facility for collection, disposal, generation, reception, storage and Treatment of Hazardous

Wastes under Hazardous waste (Management, Handling and Transboundry Movement) Rules,

2008 is annexed as Annexure-V (a). Also the copy of Registration Certificate-cum-passbook

issued by the State Pollution Control Board to M/S Handa Alloy Steel Industries, Bilaspur,

Chhattisgarh is annexed as Annexure- V (b).

7. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) data sheets for the raw materials used are annexed as

Annexure VI.

8. Power Supply

The agreement copy for power supply with Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board) is annexed

as Annexure-VII.

12



9. Copy of Agreement Letter from CSIDC Water Supply Board Authority for the Drawl of

Ground Water

The agreement letter from CSIDC Water Supply Board Authority for the existing unit is

annexed as Annexure-VIII.



10. Company Environmental Policy. Annexure-IX

11. Compliance Reports Submitted to Pollution Control Board Annexure- X

Land Allotment Letter Annexure- I



Sirgitti Industrial Estate Notification Issued by State government Annexure- II



Air Consent Annexure- III





Water Consent Annexure- IV





Authorization letter for Handling of Hazardous Waste Annexure- V (a)







Registration Certificate-cum-Passbook for Refining/Recycling of Hazardous Waste

Annexure- V (b)



Material Safety Data Sheet for the Raw Materials Used Annexure- VI







Agreement copy of Power Supply with Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board Annexure-VII









Copy of Agreement Letter from CSIDC Water Supply Board Authority Annexure -VIII



Environmental Policy of Company Annexure- IX



Compliance Statement Annexure- X
















Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. 1-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited (BEC), Bhilai is a diversified Engineering

manufacturing organization with multidisciplinary facilities. It is engaged in meeting the


BEC’s main product ranges from design, engineering, manufacturing of steel plant and other core sector equipments for over 40 years, to manufacture and supply of Fertilizer since year

1985. M/s. BEC Fertilizers (BECF) is a unit of M/s. Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited

and entered in the business of Manufacturing fertilizers and other Agro-inputs since 1985.

BEC has a unit at Bilaspur (1985) and Pulgaon (2001).

The commercial name of the widely used BEC manufactured fertilizer is “ANAND”.

As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September 2006,

subsequent circular dated 6th February 2007 of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF),

New Delhi, the proposed project, falls under ‘Category ‘A’ Project’. Application for prior Environmental Clearance pertaining to the above mentioned proposal was submitted to the

MoEF on 20th April 2015 to obtain the approved Terms of Reference (ToR) for conducting

EIA study. At the 42nd

Reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on

16th-17

th June 2015 the proposed project was taken up and ToR was issued on 5

th August

2015.

This EIA Report is prepared based on the TOR issued by EAC to obtain Environmental

Clearance (EC) from MoEF, New Delhi for the proposed project. Copy of the said ToR letter

is enclosed as Appendix-I. BEC Fertilizer Unit has appointed M/s Asian Consulting

Engineers (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi to carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

study of the proposed project.

1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

Need for the proposed expansion of the BEC Bilaspur Unit:

SSP consumption has been increasing steadily during the last decade.

Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh accounts for 45% of SSP consumption in

India, which is major marketing zone for unit based in Bilaspur.

BECF markets its product from existing two units (Bilaspur & Pulgaon) in Maharashtra,

Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal & Tripura States under "ANAND"

brand which is very well accepted and preferred by farmers for its quality and reliability

since 1985.

Bilaspur Unit will also give BECF a flexibility to meet our eastern zone requirement,

which is presently supplied partly from Pulgaon unit.

1



1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT

M/S Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited (BEC), Bhilai is a diversified Engineering

manufacturing organisation with multi-disciplinary facilities. It is envisaged in meeting the


BEC’s main product ranges from design, engineering, manufacturing of steel and other core sector equipments for over 40 years, to manufacture and supply of Fertilizer since 1985.

M/S BEC Fertilizer (BECF) is a unit of M/S Bhilai Engineering Corporation Limited and

entered in the business of manufacturing fertilizers and agro-inputs since 1985. BEC has a

unit at Bilaspur (1985) and Pulgaon (2001). Now BECF propose to do the expansion of their

Bilaspur unit to meet the growing demand of fertilizers.

It has proposed to expand manufacturing units for Granulated Fertilizer

(SSP/TSP/NPK/Customized Fertilizer) (4,40,000 TPA), Single/Triple/Boronated Super

Phosphate (4,40,000 TPA), Triple Super Phosphate 1,00,000 TPA and Sulphuric Acid

(1,40,000 TPA) production unit at Sirgitti, CSIDC, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh.

1.4 EIA CONSULTANT

Quality Council of India - National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (QCI-

NABET) accredited, Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. (ACE), New Delhi

(NABET/EIA/10132/012), is the EIA consultant for this project. ACE has provided its

consulting services and has successfully completed projects in India and other countries

including Mongolia, U.A.E., Vietnam, Georgia, Bangladesh etc. ACE has carried out EIA and

EMP studies for Infrastructure and industrial sectors like Chemical Fertilizers; Synthetic

chemicals, Oil & Gas sector etc. and has also been involved in design of water supply,

wastewater management, industrial waste treatment, solid and hazardous wastes management

systems. The quality management system of ACE is ISO 9001:2008 certified.

1.5 PURPOSE OF THE EIA STUDY

The purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is to identify the possible

impacts due to the proposed project on its surrounding environment and to suggest ways for

mitigating and minimizing impacts. The study also identifies possible beneficial impacts on to

the environment and society after implementation of the project.

1.6 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The proposed project site is located at the plot no.96, Sirgitti, CSIDC Industrial Area,

Bilaspur. The total area of the existing plot is 47.66 acres

Location map is given in Figure 1.1. The detailed layout plan of the proposed project is also

given in Figure 1.2.

The salient features of the project have been summarized in Table 1.1

Table 1.1 Salient Features of the Project.

Items Details

Location Plot no. 96, Sirgitti, CSIDC Industrial area, Bilaspur.

Latitude and Latitude : 22° 02’ 30.6” N

http://qcin.org/nabet/about.php

http://qcin.org/nabet/about.php



Items Details

Longitude Longitude : 82° 09’ 27.1” E

Plot area 47.66 acres

Proposed production

capacity

Granulated Fertilizer (SSP/TSP/.NPK/Customized Fertilizer)–

4,40,000 TPA

Single / Triple / Boronated / Zincated / Super Phosphate – 4,40,000

TPA, Sulphuric Acid – 1,40,000 TPA, Triple Super Phosphate –

1,00,000 TPA

Power requirement

& source

Construction Phase:150 kW

Source: Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB)

Operational Phase:

SSP 25 kWh / MT SSP

GSSP 15 kWh / MT SSP

SA 55 kWh / MT SA

Additional 3050 kW

Source – Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB)

Total power requirement of proposed plant shall be 3200 KWH.

TG Set (1 Nos.) of 2500 KVA (Condensing Type)

Power backup DG Set (2 Nos.) of 1070 KVA

Water requirement

& source

Construction Phase: 350 kLD

Operational Phase: 1550 kLD

Source: Water supplied by CSIDC Water Supply Authority (from

Arpa River)

ETP Facility Effluent generation from existing unit – 30 m3/day

Effluent generation from proposed unit – 70 m3/day

STP Facility Sewage generation from existing unit – 20 m3/day

Sewage generation from proposed unit – 40 m3/day

Project cost Rs. 75 Cr.

1.7 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

The project developer, BEC will ensure that it conforms to all National legislations,

regulations, and conventions, relating to various aspects of chemical and Fertilizer

development in India. Table 1.2 shows list of various applicable Acts and Rules as set by

MoEF, CPCB.

Table 1.2: Applicable Acts and Guidelines for the Proposed Project

Issues Applicable Legislation

Water

1) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,

1974, and amendments thereafter.

2) Water Cess Act, 1977 and amendments thereafter.

Air 3) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

and amendments thereafter.

Hazardous Substances

and Wastes

4) Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules,

2008.

5) Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous



Issues Applicable Legislation

Chemicals 1989 and Amendments thereafter.

Other Issues under the

Environment

(Protection) Act, 1986,

and Rules

6) The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and Rules

1991.

Noise

7) The Environment (Protection) Second Amendment

Rules, 2002 (Noise Limits for New Generator Sets).

8) The Noise (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000.

Figure 1.1: Location Map of the Project Site



Figure 1.2: Layout Map of the Proposed Project

1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE FOR EXISTING UNIT

The existing unit commenced its operation in the year 1985 and issuance of Environmental

Clearance was not established at that time. Hence, consents related to air, water and

hazardous waste were obtained. The copy of Land Allotment Letter, air consent, water

consent has been annexed in Appendix- II.

1.9 SCOPE OF THE EIA STUDY

The scope of the EIA study includes detailed characterization of the existing status of the

terrestrial and marine environment within the 10 km study area around the project site,

identification of the potential environmental impacts of the project, and formulation of an

effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to prevent, control & mitigate any adverse

environmental impacts, and ensuring the environmental compliance. The scope of the EIA in

brief includes:

Establishment of baseline environmental status/condition of the environment in the study

area of 10 km radius around the project site.

Collection and review of available secondary literature/data/information.

Field study, survey and monitoring in the study area for primary data collection.

Study of the project activities in terms of construction and operation to identify the

potential sources/causes of impacts.

Identification and assessment of potential impacts on the environment during construction

and operation phase of the project.

Recommendation of preventive, control and mitigation measures to eliminate/minimize

the adverse impacts.



Formulation of an effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to ensure the

implementation of mitigation measures for environmental sustainability.

1.10 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF EIA STUDY

1.10.1 Approach of the EIA Study

The EIA study includes delineation of the baseline conditions of the project site and its study

area of 10 km (around the project site). Based on the baseline conditions and the project

activities (both construction and operation phases), the potential impacts (both positive and

adverse) are identified. For the identified potential impacts, mitigation measures to negate

the potential adverse impacts and enhancement measures to enhance the positive impacts are

proposed. The proposed control measures are charted out in detail in the Environmental

Management Plan. The entire EIA study has been carried out on the basis of the applicable

environmental legislation, regulations and guidelines of MoEF.

1.10.2 Establishment of Baseline Environmental Condition

A comprehensive database on the baseline environmental status/conditions of the study area

has been established through review, compilation and analysis of:

Existing secondary data/ literature/ information collected, and

Primary data collected through field study, survey and monitoring

1.10.3 Collection of Secondary Data

Besides inputs from the client on relevant information about the project, available relevant

secondary data/ information/ records and published literature with respect to the environment

of the study area has been collected, reviewed and analyzed to provide the overview and

details of the study area.

Geology & topography of the study area including geological setting, topography and

Seismicity.

Land use and Land cover pattern was delineated by processing and analyzing the satellite

imagery.

Meteorological data consisting of parameters like temperature, relative humidity, rainfall,

cloud cover, wind speed and wind direction, and weather phenomena were collected and

analyzed.

Flora and fauna data from existing literature of Forests Departments, Botanical Survey of

India, Zoological Survey of India, earlier studies conducted in the area and field survey.

Environmentally Sensitive Areas: The details about the ecologically sensitive areas like

forests, wetlands, mangroves, important lakes, biosphere reserves, national parks and

wildlife sanctuaries within 10 km of the project site have been given in Chapter 3.

Other Features: The distance of the project site from the nearest highways, railway lines

and airports has been established. Sites/places of archaeological, historical and national

importance, places/sites of cultural, religious and tourist interests, defense installations,

etc., within a radius of 10 km of the project site have also been explored.



1.10.4 Field Study/Monitoring for Generation of Primary Data

The secondary data collected has been appropriately supplemented by conducting the

necessary primary data collections through field study/monitoring for one season. The studies

which were conducted are listed below:

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring: For drawing up the baseline status of ambient air quality

in the study area, ambient air quality monitoring was conducted in the representative

locations. The parameters namely Particulate Matter 10 (PM10), Particulate Matter 2.5

(PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were analyzed.

Noise Monitoring: To establish the ambient noise condition in the study area, ambient noise

level monitoring has been carried out at representative locations in the study area using a

suitable portable sound level meter over a period of twenty-four hours to obtain day and night

time Leq.

Water Quality Monitoring: To identify the water quality in and around the study area,

water samples were collected from the representative locations (both ground water and

surface water) and were analyzed for their physico-chemical characteristics.

Soil Monitoring: To study the soil characteristics in the study area, soil samples from

representative locations in the study area were collected and analyzed to identify the physico-

chemical characteristics of the soil.

1.10.5 Environmental Impact Assessment

The environmental assessment has been conducted in accordance with the norms and

guidelines of the Govt. of India. The project data/activities has been analyzed & linked with

the existing baseline environmental conditions in order to list out the affected environmental

parameters and assess the likely impacts on such parameters. Wherever practicable, a

quantitative analysis has been performed. Compliance of the project with national standards

has been duly checked.

1.10.6 Preparation of Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure negligible impact to the

environment due to the proposed project. The desired results of the environmental mitigation

measures proposed in the project may not be obtained without a management plan to ensure

its proper implementation & function. The EMP envisages the plans for the proper

implementation of mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the

project activities. EMP has been prepared addressing the issues like:

Pollution control/mitigation measures for abatement of the undesirable impacts caused

during the construction and operation stage.

Details of management plans (Landscape plan, Solid waste management plan etc.).

Institutional set up identified/recommended for implementation of the EMP.

Post project environmental monitoring programmed to be undertaken.

Expenditures for environmental protection measures and budget for EMP.

1.11 COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

The point wise compliance report to ToR Table 1.3



Table 1.3: Point Wise Compliance to the Approved Terms of Reference (TOR)

S.No. TOR Point Compliance of TOR

Chapter No. Page No. Section No. Title

1 Details on requirement of energy and water

along with its source and authorization from

concerned department 1

2

1-3

2-3

2-4

20

1.6

2.3

2.6

Brief Description of Project

Salient Features of the Project

Power Requirement and Back-up

Facilities

Annexure VII & VIII

2 Energy Conservation in ammonia synthesis for

urea production and comparison with best

technology

Not Applicable

3 Details of ammonia storage and risk assessment

thereof. Not Applicable

4 Measures for control of urea dust emissions

from prilling tower. Not Applicable

5 Measures for reduction of fresh water

requirement.

2 2-11

2-13

2.8

2.8.1 (B)

Water Balance or Water

Requirement

Water Recycle

6 Details of proposed source-specific pollution

control schemes and equipments to meet the

national standards for fertilizer.

2 2-17 2.12 Air Pollution Control Systems

7 Details of Fluorine Recovery System in case of

Phosphoric Acid Plant and SSP to recover

2 2-5 2.7 Process Description





fluorine as Hydrofluoro Silicic Acid (H2SiF6)

and its uses

8 Management plan for solid/hazardous waste

including storage, utilization and disposal of

bye products viz. Chalk, spent catalyst, Hydro

Fluoro Silicic Acid and Phosphor Gypsum,

Sulphur muck, etc.

2

2-16

2-19

9

2.11

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Generation and Disposal

Storage and Disposal Details of

Hazardous Waste

Annexure- V (a)

9 Details on existing ambient air quality for PM10,

PM2.5, Urea dust, NH3*, SO2*, NOx*, HF*, F*,

Hydrocarbon (Methane and non-Methane) and

expected stack and fugitive emissions and

evaluation of the adequacy of the proposed

pollution. Control devices to meet standards for

point sources and to meet AAQ standards. (*as

applicable)

3

2

3-24

2-17

5

3.8.1

2.12

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Table 2.4 Air Pollution Emission

and Control system

Annexure III

10 Details on water quality parameters in and

around study area such as pH, Total Kjeldhal

Nitrogen, Free Ammonical Nitrogen, free

ammonia, Cyanide, Vanadium, Arsenic,

Suspended Solids, Oil and Grease, *Cr as Cr+6,

*Total Chromium, Fluoride, et

3

3-17

7

3.6 Water Environment

Annexure IV

Additional ToR

11 The Committee exempted the public hearing as

per Section 7 (i), III Stage (3) Para (i) b of EIA

Notification 2006 as project is located in the

The Project falls under Sirgitti Industrial Area, Bilaspur and hence is exempted from

public hearing.





Notified industrial area

12 A separate chapter on status of compliance of

Environmental Conditions by State/Centre to be

provided. As per circular dated 30th May 2012

issued by MoEF a certified by RO,MoEF on

status of compliance of condition on existing

unit to be provided in EIA-EMP report.

1 Status of Compliance of

Environmental Conditions

In addition to the Specific TOR and Additional TOR, the EIA/EMP Report will also consider the applicable points of “Generic Terms of Reference” in respect

of the Industry Sector.



Appendix- I

Terms of Reference Issued by MoEF







1. Land Allotment Letter Appendix II



2. Air Consent





3. Water Consent





4. Hazardous Waste Authorization







2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

The project is basically the Expansion of SSP, GSSP, and Sulphuric Acid Plant within the

existing Fertilizer complex of BEC, Bilaspur, Sirgitti Industrial Area. The expansion project

will not cause any change in the land use, land cover or topography since the facility is being

built inside the existing facility only. The layout map of the proposed expansion unit is given

in Figure 2.1.

2



Figure 2.1: Layout Map showing the Proposed Expansion Unit



2.2 JUSTIFICATION OF PROJECT LOCATION

The justification of the project location lies in the fact that the proposed expansion of

Granulated Fertilizer (SSP/TSP/NPK/Customized Fertilizer) (4,40,000 TPA),

Single/Triple/Boronated/Zincated Super Phosphate (4,40,000 TPA) and Sulphuric Acid

(1,40,000 TPA) facility is being developed inside the plant premises and adjacent to the

existing fertilizer plant. The existing fertilizer plant is also having necessary facilities such as

railway siding (BEC does not have own railway siding but nearby railway siding is available),

well developed roads, and truck unloading facilities, facilities for rain water collection etc.

which substantiate the proposed site location. Bilaspur Unit will also give BECF a flexibility

to meet the eastern zone requirement.

2.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

The salient features of the project include the site location, type of project, capacity, nearby

features and the eco-sensitive regions in and around the study region. Table 2.1 briefly

describes the salient features of the Project.

Table 2.1: Salient Features of the Project

Items Details

Project Capacity Enhancement of Fertilizer Production Unit

Location Sirgitti Industrial Area, Bilaspur

Latitude: 09° 58’ 33.2” °N

Longitude: 76° 21’ 49.9” °E

Total BEC plant area 47.66 acres (Total Plant Area)

12.15 acres (Existing Plant)

11.40 acres (Area for future expansion)

18.35 acres (Green cover)

Area allotted for the

proposed expansion

11.40 acres

Nearby features

(Aerial distance)

Factory – Narmada Drinks situated at around ½ km from the factory

premises.

Highways- NH 200 – 5 Km

Railways- Bilaspur Railway Station – 5 km

Airport - Chakrabhata Airport - 7 km

Residential Area - 2 km away from the plant area

Power requirement and

source

Existing: 0.7 MW and Proposed: 3.2 MW

Source: CSEB

Power backup (DG Sets) DG Sets: 2 nos. of D. G. sets of capacity 1070 KVA are available to

meet emergency power requirement of the plant.

01 No. TG Set (Condensing Type) of 2500 KVA shall be installed to

generate power with available Surplus team from Sulphuric Acid

plant.

Water requirement and

source

Construction phase: 350 KLD

Operation phase: 1550 KLD



Items Details

Source: CSIDC Water Supply System (from Arpa River)

ETP Facility Effluent generation from existing unit – 30 m3/day

Effluent generation &capacity of proposed unit – 100 m3/day

STP Facility Sewage water generation from existing unit – 20 m3/day

Sewage water generation from proposed unit – 40 m3/day

Project cost Rs.75 Cr.

2.4 RAW MATERIALS USED

Sulphur, Rock Phosphate, Sulphuric acid, Phosphoric acid are the raw materials required for

the manufacturing of the complex fertilizer products such as Sulphuric acid, SSP, TSP,

Boronated Single Super Phosphate. Details of the raw materials required for the proposed

project is as per below Table 2.2

Table 2.2: Raw Materials Required for Project

Sl. No. Raw materials Existing

(MTPA)

Proposed

(MTPA)

1 Sulphur 13,500 47,000

2 Rock Phosphate 78,000 2,46.000

3 Sulphuric Acid (Con. 98%) 50,000 1,58,000

4 Phosphoric Acid (P2O5 100% basis) - 36,000

2.5 SOURCING OF RAW MATERIALS

Sulphur is not available in sufficient quantity indigenously. In India it is procured

from Oil Refineries but major quantity shall be imported from Iran, Iraq, and Saudi

Arabia etc. Upto India transported by Sea and then by road.

Rock Phosphate in India is not available to meet requirement fully. It will be partly

procured from M/s RSMML Udaipur but major quantity shall be procured from

Jordan, Egypt, Syria, Morocco, Israel etc. Upto India transported by Sea and then by

road.

Sulphuric Acid required shall be met through own production. BECF is having

already plant of Sulphuric Acid (Cap. 40,000 TPA). It is proposing to install another

plant (Cap. 1, 00,000 TPA) in the existing premises to meet the future requirements.

If required, Sulphuric Acid shall be procured indigenously also.

Phosphoric Acid shall be procured partly from Indian manufacturers and will be

transported by roadways but major quantity shall be imported from various sources

which will be transported by sea upto India followed by roadways.

2.6 POWER REQUIREMENT AND BACK-UP FACILITY

Power requirement Existing: 0.7 MW, Proposed: 3.2 MW

Power Source Chattisgarh State Electricity Board



Electrical substation existing 1500 KVA Capacity

Electrical substation to be

installed

4000 KVA Capacity

Power Backup (DG Set) 02 Nos. of D.G. sets of capacity 1070 KVA are

available to meet emergency power requirement.

TG Set Existing 01 No. TG Set (Condensing type) 625 KVA

TG Set proposed 01 No. TG Set (Condensing type) of 2500 KVA shall

be installed to generate power with available surplus

steam from Sulphuric Acid

2.7 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

Sulphuric Acid

Sulphur is the basic raw material for the production of Sulphuric Acid. Sulphuric acid

produced in the plant shall be utilized for manufacturing Single Super Phosphate Fertilizer.

Raw material consumption

Sulphur - 335 Kg PMT of Sulphuric Acid.

The major steps involved in the process are as follows:

01. Sulphur melting and purification.

02. Sulphur combustion.

03. Waste heat recovery to generate steam.

04. Catalytic conversion of SO2 to SO3

05. Absorption of SO3 to produce Sulphuric Acid.

Sulphuric acid is manufactured by contact process using DCDA (Double conversion &

double absorption) technology, which is latest and most efficient today. Following chemical

reactions take place in the process.

01. S+O2 = SO3

02. SO2 + ½ O2 = SO3

03. SO3 + H2O = H2SO4

DETAILS OF EXISTING SULPHURIC ACID STORAGE TANK

Numbers : 03

Capacity : 750 MT (each)

Dia : 08 Mtr.

Height : 8.15 Mtr.

Number : 01

Capacity : 100 MT

Dia : 04 Mtr

Height : 4.25 Mtr



STORAGE TANK DETAILS FOR PROPOSED EXPANSION

1. PHOSPHORIC ACID TANK: 02 Nos, capacity -500 MT each

Dia -08 Mtr. Height -5.5 Mtr.

MOC-Mid Steel Rubber lined

2. SULPHURIC ACID TANK: 03 Nos, capacity -1500 MT each

MOC-Mild Steel

Dia -12 Mtr

Height-7.2 Mtr

Manufacturing Process

Sulphur used as raw material is in solid form, which is first converted into liquid form using

steam. It is purified in the settling pit before sending to furnace for combustion. In the

Furnace, Sulphur burns with air to form Sulphur Dioxide. As the process is Exothermic so

temperature of the gases in the furnace rises to above 1000ºC.

Hot gases from the furnace are cooled in the waste heat boiler (01) to produce steam. Gases

after cooling are filtered and sent to convertor. In the convertor SO2 gets converted into SO3

in presence of catalyst (Vanadium Pent oxide).SO3 gases after third pass, are further sent to

intermediate absorption tower where SO3 gases are absorbed in directly with water to form

Sulphuric Acid. Unconverted gases are again sent to fourth pass of the convertor to convert

remaining gases to SO3. SO3 is again absorption in the final absorption tower to form

Sulphuric Acid. Finally gases from absorption tower are let-out to atmosphere through stack.

Sulphuric acid produced is further cooled in the cooler before being sent to Acid storage

tanks.

Alkali Scrubber

SO2 in the stack gases are maintained as per the norms prescribed. During plant start-up SO2

in the exit gases may rise above norms, so it is treated in the Alkali scrubber with caustic

solution to form Sodium Sulphide. And clean gases are let-out to atmosphere through

Chimney.

Reaction

2NaOH + SO2 = Na2SO3 + H2O

The flow chart for the production of Sulphuric acid is given in Figure 2.2.

Specifications of Sulphuric Acid - Technical Grade (IS 266:1993)

1 Total acidity (As H2SO4) 98%

2 Residue on ignition. 0.2%

3 Iron (As Fe) 0.05%

4 Chloride (As Cl) -

5 Lead (As Pb) 0.005%

6 Arsenic (As) 0.004%



Figure 2.2: Flow Chart showing the Manufacturing Process of Sulphuric Acid

Single Super Phosphate

Single Super Phosphate (SSP) manufacturing is a simple process. By digesting the Rock

Phosphate with Sulphuric Acid it is produced. During the reaction the insoluble Phosphates

are converted into water soluble phosphates thus when SSP is applied in field the Phosphates

are readily available in the soil and absorbed by plants for its growth.

Raw material consumption (PMT of SSP)

A) Rock Phosphate - 560 Kg.

B) Sulphuric Acid (Conc. 98%) - 360 Kg.

Manufacturing process

Rock Phosphate is ground to fine powder (90% of 100mesh) in a Milling section and it is

conveyed through Screw Conveyor and Bucket Elevator to the Mixer where reactions take

place. Parallely Sulphuric acid, water and recycled Flouro Silicic Acid liquor are also added

in the mixer in a pre-determined ratio. The Rock Phosphate, Acid and dilution liquor react

together in the Mixer (Reactor) to produce single Super Phosphate.

1. Chemical reaction

Reaction - I

CaF2.3 [Ca3{Po4}3] + 7H2SO4 + 3H2O 3CaH4 (PO4)2-H2O + 2HF + 7CaSO4 +

2H2O

Rock Phosphate Sulphuric Acid Single Super Phosphate Gypsum

Reaction - II

4HF + 3SiO2 + H2O SiO2.H2O + 2H2SiF6

Silica Sodium Silico-fluoride



As a result of reaction, fluorine containing gas is generated and by using a scrubber blower

continuously the gases are sucked in closed circuit and sent to gas Scrubbing Section.

The produced Single Super Phosphate (SSP) in a semi solid mass is conveyed through a

moving reactor called Den and solidifies. SSP it is cut by a revolving cutter to a powdery

mass and conveyed to the product yard for curing. Product is packed in 50 Kg. bags.

Process flow diagram for manufacturing of Single Super Phosphate is attached as Figure 2.4

below.

Specification of SSP

As per FCO (Fertilizer Control Order) Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India has

amended

Specifications of Single Super Phosphate (Powder) / G.S.S.P. effective from 10.05.2011.

1 Moisture, percent by weight, maximum 12.0

2 Free Phosphoric acid (As P2O5), percent by weight maximum 4.00

3 Water soluble phosphates (As P2O5) percent by weight minimum 14.50

4 Citrate soluble phosphates (As P2O5) % by wt minimum 16.00

5 Sulphur (As S), percent by weight, minimum 11.00

Boronated Single Super Phosphate (BSSP)

Manufacturing process of BSSP is same as that of SSP. It shall also be manufactured in the

existing SSP plant. Rock Phosphate and Sulphuric are the main raw material for

manufacturing SSP. For BSSP Sodium Borate Penta hydrate (Na2B4O7.5H2O) is added extra

as per the requirement along with water in the Mixer. The remaining process is same.

Boron is a micronutrient, which is also necessary for the growth of plants to increase the

yield. As per FCO (Fertilizer Control Order), the Boron contained in the BSSP should be

0.15% to 0.20%. Above 10 Kg/MT of Sodium Borate is added to get desired Boron in the

product. BECF shall manufacture Boronated SSP also in the existing SSP plant.

Specifications of BSSP (Powder) as per FCO

I Moisture, per cent by weight, maximum 12.0

II Free Phosphoric acid (As P22O5) per cent by weight,

maximum

4.0

III Water soluble phosphate (As P2O5), per cent by

weight, minimum

16.0

IV Boron (As B), percent by weight maximum 0.15 to 0.20

Triple Super Phosphate (TSP)

Triple Super Phosphate is manufactured by digesting rock phosphate with phosphoric acid.

Manufacturing process of TSP is same as of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) except Phosphoric

acid used for TSP in place of Sulphuric Acid used for SSP. TSP is considered as the



concentrated form of Single Super Phosphate. Consequently, TSP can also be manufactured

in the existing SSP plant. BECF proposes to manufacture TSP also in the existing and

proposed SSP plant. Process flow diagram for manufacturing of Triple Super Phosphate is

attached as Figure: 2.3.

Figure: 2.3 Flow diagram for manufacturing of Triple Single Super Phosphate.

Raw Material consumption (PMT of TSP)

A) Rock Phosphate 460 Kgs

B) Phosphoric Acid (P2O5 100%) 360 Kgs.

Chemical reaction

Reaction - I

CaF2.3 [Ca3{Po4}3] + 14H3PO4 + 3H2O 10CaH4 (PO4)2 + 2HF

Rock Phosphate Phosphoric Acid Triple Super Phosphate

Reaction - II

4HF + 3SiO2 + H2O SiO2.H2O + 2H2SiF6

Silica Sodium Silico-fluoride

Specification of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP)



3 Water soluble phosphates (As P2O5) percent by weight minimum 42.50

4 Total phosphates (As P2O5) % by wt minimum 46.00



Granulated Fertilizer (GSSP/TSP/NPK/Customized)

The granulation plant is a multi product unit where one or many of the individual fertilizers

viz, Urea, TSP DAP, SSP, MOP, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum, Sulphur, Iron, etc are

mixed together in a predetermined ratio and they are broken down and blended to make

homogeneous mass. This mass is fed into granulator where required quantity of water is

added to moist the mass and rotated in a drum called ‘Granulator’. As a result of this the powdered mass is converted into granules of various sizes. The wet granules are passed

through a rotating dryer drum where hot air generated from a furnace is passed through the

mass. At the end of the dryer drum dried granules are received and it is fed into a cooler drum

where atmospheric air is passed from the opposite direction to cool the material. The cooled

granules are screened in vibrating screens to segregate product size, oversize & undersize

particles. The oversize granules are crushed and along with undersize material it is fed back to

granulator for onward granulation. In the whole process no chemical reaction takes place as it

is a simple physical crushing and mixing and granulating process using suitable machineries.

To produce granulated SSP, only SSP Powder will be the raw material. For NPK Mixture

manufacture Urea, DAP, SSP, MOP, etc are the raw materials. For Customized Fertilizers, in

addition to the above, micro nutrients viz, Boron, Zinc & the other cation minerals in very

small quantities will be added in the granulation process.

Process flow diagram of SSP/GSSP Fertilizer is attached as Figure– 2.4

Figure 2.4: Manufacturing Process Flow diagram for SSP/GSSP

Specification of GSSP





3 Water soluble phosphates (As P2O5) percent by weight

minimum

14.50

4 Citrate soluble phosphates (As P2O5) % by wt minimum 16.00

5 Sulphur (As S), percent by weight, minimum 11.00

6 Particle size

Not less than 90 % of the material shall pass through 4 mm IS sieve and shall

be retained on 1 mm IS sieve. Not more than 5 % shall pass through 1 mm IS

sieve.

Sodium Silico Fluoride (By-Product)

The hydrogen fluoride gas generated in the Single Super Phosphate plant is absorbed in the

scrubber section using water to convert into Hydro Fluoro Silicio Acid. This acid is pumped

out from the settling tank of the venturi and received at Sodium Silico Fluoride Plant. The

production facilities are installed in most of the SSP plants mainly to convert the liquid

effluent (H2SiF6) in to a salable by-product. Hence it is primarily a pollution control process

to treat the liquid effluent. Here the acidic fluoric acid is reacted with Soda Ash solution to

neutralize it to generate Sodium Silico Fluoride crystals and neutral water.

H2SiF6(l) + Na2CO3(aq) Na2SiF6(C) + H2O(l) CO2(g)

Fluoro Silicio Acid is received in a rubber lined Mild Steel reactor. This reactor is calibrated

one and fitted with an agitator. In a row two such reactors are installed. While one is under

reaction process the other is made ready for next batch. Separately in a Soda Ash solution

preparation tank Soda Ash is dissolved in fresh water and the concentration is analyzed.

Metered quantity of soda ash solution is slowly added into the reactor while the liquor is

under agitation. The acid is neutralized by the alkaline soda solution and sodium silico

fluoride crystals separate from the solution. The pH of the reaction mass is checked and when

pH reaches neutrality soda addition is stopped. After thorough agitation the solution is

allowed to settle. The clear top solution (water) is decanted and the settled mass is taken to a

centrifuge to separate water from the SSF crystal.

The wet mass is dried in a tray dryer and finally packed in 50 kg bag after quality analysis and

approval. The collected water from centrifuge and reactors is stored and used in SSP plant for

dilution of H2SO4.

Specification of Sodium Silico Fluoride

1 Technical Grade White Crystalline Powder

2 Purity (On dry basis) Min. percent 98.00

3 Moisture (Min. percent) 1.00

4 Insoluble (Max. percent) 1.00

2.8 WATER BALANCE OR WATER REQUIREMENT

The water requirement the proposed plant is mainly for the essential purpose of equipment

cooling as well as for drinking, sanitary and fire fighting purposes. The total water demand

for the project is about 30 m3/day which will be met through CSIDC (Chhattisgarh State



Industrial Development Corporation). The raw water requirement and water balance diagram

for the existing unit and proposed expansion unit is given in Figure 2.5 and 2.6

Figure 2.5: Water Balance Diagram for the Existing Unit.

Figure 2.6: Water Balance Diagram for the Expansion Unit

2.8.1 Water Requirement breakup for the Proposed Unit

(A) Water consumption

(a) Sulphuric Acid Plant Cu.M./MT Qty (Cub. Meter)

I Process 0.2 85

Ii RO Plant 0.3 125

iii Cooling Tower (Make-up) 1.4 600



(b) Turbo generator (Condn.)

i. Cooling Tower (Make-up) 20 Cu.M/Hr 480

(c) SSP / TSP

I Process 0.2 280

Ii Scrubber (Make-up) 0.1 140

(d) Granulation Plant 0.05 70

(e) Misc. (Domestic, Floor Washings etc) - 40

Total 1820

(B) Water recycle

i. R.O. plant (Waste water) 35% 45

Ii. Cooling Tower (Bleed water) 20% 225

Total 270

(C) Total water requirement (A-B) : 1550 Cu. M./Day

2.9 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

The Sewage generated due to domestic activities is disposed through septic tank following by

soak pit for treating only the domestic effluent. Looking at the future expansion of the

industry STP of capacity of 40 KL/day has been proposed. Presently 20 m3/day of domestic

sewage is generated and after the proposed expansion 40 m3/day of domestic sewage will be

generated. Table below shows quantity of sewage generated and its disposal. Existing Unit

sewage management flow diagram is in Figure 2.7

Water Consumption

Activities

Existing

Waste Water

Generation

(m3/day)

Proposed

Waste Water

Generation

(m3/day)

Disposal Methods

Domestic 20 40

Sewage generated due to

domestic activities will

be disposed through

septic tank following by

soak pit. Later stage

Sludge will be dried and

used as natural fertilizer.



Figure: 2.7 Schematic Flow Diagram of STP.



2.10 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

In the BEC plant, effluent water from cooling towers bleed, boiler blow down and RO plant

of Sulphuric Acid plant is recycled and utilized fully in the SSP / TSP Plants for processing.

Floor washing and spillages generated from the unit are to be collected and taken through an

exclusive pipe line to the ETP. The capacity of the existing ETP is 60 KL. Figure 2.8

illustrates the existing Effluent Treatment Plant at the Plant site.

Figure 2.8: Schematic Diagram of the existing ETP

Effluent generated from the existing plant is 30 m3/day whereas from the proposed plant 100

m3/day of waste water to be generated. Below table gives the break -up of effluent generated

and its management.

Water

Consumption

Activities

Existing Waste

Water Generation

(m3

/day)

Proposed Waste

Water Generation

(m3

/day)

Disposal Methods

Processing 20 70

All the effluent water

from cooling towers

bleed, boiler blow down

and RO plant of

Sulphuric Acid plant

shall be recycled and

utilized fully in the

SSP/TSP plants for

processing.



Water

Consumption

Activities

Existing Waste

Water Generation

(m3

/day)

Proposed Waste

Water Generation

(m3

/day)

Disposal Methods

Washing+ Floor

Cleaning 10 30

Floor washing and

spillages are collected

and taken through an

exclusive pipe line to the

final ETP.

2.11 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL

During manufacturing process of Sulphuric Acid, SSP, TSP fertilizer and granulation of

SSP/TSP fertilizers, following solid / hazardous will be generated, which will be disposed as

detailed below on the basis of guidelines provided by Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation

Board (CECB). Proper precautions will be in place for storage and transportation of

hazardous chemicals. List of Solid & Hazardous waste generation and its disposal is given in

Table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Solid and Hazardous Wastes Generation and its Mode of Disposal.

Sl.

No.

Name of

waste

Quantity

Category of

Hazardous

Waste

(Schedule - I)

Mode of disposal

1 E.T.P. Sludge 1 MT/month 34.3 Will be dried, screened and

recycled in product as filler.

2 Used oil 50 Litres /year 5.1 Sold to MoEF/CECB approved

hazardous waste management

facility.

3 Empty

Containers

50No./annum 33.3 Sold to MoEF/CECB approved


facility.

4 Sulphur

Sludge

62 MT/year 17.1 Collected and stored in

hazardous waste storage area. It

will be used in the SSP

production process as modifier.

5 Catalyst

(V2O5)

200 L/year 17.2 Collected and stored in

hazardous waste storage area

and then sold off to

MoEF/CECB approved


facility.



The ETP sludge generated dried on concrete floor and used as modifier in SSP Plant.

2.12 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS

Details of Air Pollution Emissions and its control system is enumerated in the Table 2.4.

Table 2.4: Air Pollution emission and Control System

Sr.

No.

Stack Attached

to

Height from

ground (m)

Diameter

(m)

Air Pollution

Control system

Expected

pollutants

1 Flue Gas Stack - - - -

Granulation Plant 15 meter 600 mm Twin Cyclone SPM, SO2, NOx

2 Process Stack

(A) SSP Plant at Den

Outlet

30 meter 1000 mm Cyclone

separator Multi

stage scrubber

system with

venturi and

spraying towers

SPM, Fluorine

(B) Acid Plant at final

absorption tower

30 meter 1000 mm Alkali scrubber,

demister and

mis-eliminators

SO2, Acid mist

Air Scrubbing System

The scrubbing system consists of a pre-neutralizer / granulator fume scrubber, drier

scrubber and cooler scrubber.

All the scrubbers are venturi-cyclonic type and the drier and cooler scrubbers have built-

in venturi cones, whereas the fume scrubber has the venturi cone mounted externally.

Fresh phosphoric acid is taken in the fume scrubber sump tank and the overflow from this

tank flows to the scrubber seal tank of dryer and cooler scrubbers.

In the seal tank of dryer and cooler scrubbers, process water is also introduced.

Dust laden air from the dryer, cooler and equipment vent pass through the cyclones where

a major portion of the dust is separated before being scrubbed in the dryer and cooler

scrubbers respectively.

Fumes from the pre-neutralizer and granulator are scrubbed in the fume scrubber. Each

scrubber is provided with a fan for creating the required draft.

The scrubbed gases from the dryer and cooler scrubbers are let out to the atmosphere after

passing through knockout chambers with spray water arrangement where entrained

phosphoric acid droplets are removed when the gases pass through a wetted packed

section.

The liquid effluent drains by gravity from the knockout chamber to the sump tank

/scrubber seal tank for recycling in manufacturing process.

STACK DETAILS:



SULPHURIC ACID PLANT 01 No, Height -30 Mtr

MOC-Mild Steel

SINGLE SUPER PHOSPHATE PLANT 01 No. (Scrubber Section), Height-30 Mtr.

MOC-Mild Steel rubber lined

01No. (Grinding Mill section),

Height-30 Mtr.

MOC-Mild Steel rubber lined

GRANULATION PLANT 01 No. (Dryer Chimni), Height-30 Mtr

MOC-Mild Steel

01 No. (Cooler Chimini), Height -30 Mtr

MOC-Mild Steel

EXISTING SULPHURIC ACID PLANT (POLLUTION CONTROL)

01. Drying tower demister pad

Type - Mesh pad

Capacity - To arrest 7, 3 Micron mist

No. - 01 No.

Location - After drying tower

02. Final Absorption Tower

Type - Mesh pad

Capacity - To separate 7, 3 Micron mist

No. - 01 No.

Location - After final absorption tower

03. Mist Eliminator Candle

Type - Special fiber candle

Capacity - To arrest acid mist

+ 3 micron 99% efficiency

-3 micron 98% efficiency

No. - 04

Location - After intermediate absorption tower

04. Alkali Scrubber

Type - Packed alkali tower with caustic soda

circulation arrangement

Capacity - Sufficient for 25000 Mg. M3 SO2 emission

No. - 01

Location - After final absorption tower

05. Stack

No. - 01

MOC - Mild steel

Dia - 600 mm

Height - 30 Mtrs.



Gas flow rate - 11000 NM3/Hr.

Velocity - 6 Mtr/Sec.

Temperature - 50 Cg.

EXISTING SINGLE SUPER PHOSPHATE PLANT (POLLUTION CONTROL)

Mill Section:

Dust collector and cyclone unit - 03 Nos.

Qty - 03 Nos. each

Location - Grinding Mill Section

Capacity - To arrest 300 Micron dust particles

Gas Scrubbing Section

Triple stage venture scrubber – 01 No. capacity, sufficient to emit fluorine below 25 Mg.

NM3.

Rotatory Den

Qty - 01 No.

Location - After double shaft mixer

Capacity - To arrest fugitive emission

Stack

Qty - 01

Dia - 800 mm

MOC - MSRL

Height - 30 Mtrs

Flow rate - 17000 NM3/Hr.

Velocity - 6 Mt. /Sec.

Temp - 50 Kg. Cg.

EXISTING GRANULATION PLANT (POLLUTION CONTROL)

Twin Cyclonic Separator

Qty - 02

MOC - Mild steel

Stack

Qty - 02

Dia - 600 mm

MOC - Mild steel

Height - 300 Mtrs.

STORAGE & DISPOSAL DETAILS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

A. Sulphuric Acid Plant

1. Sulphur Muck-In the manufacturing process raw material solid sulphur is converted

into molten sulphur by way of indirect heating through steam coils in sulphur pits.



The contamination & impurities get settle by gravity at the bottom of sulphur pits

which is removed periodically by manual process. The generated muck is transported

with trolleys & stores in designated concrete platform. Later on sulphur muck in

lumps form is crushed in a jaw crusher to required size and recycled by blending with

rock phosphate raw material in Single Super Phosphate as filter. The total quantity of

this Sulphur sludge is 62 MT/yr.

2. Spent Catalyst-The sulphuric acid manufacturing process is a catalytic reaction

process. The sulphur-dioxide grasses are converted into sulphur tri oxide in presence

of vanadium penta oxide catalyst. The spent catalyst is stored in mild steel closed

drum inside polythene bags. It is being dispose by selling to the license holder parties

as per the prescribed rubles. The details of the parties are as follows.

a. Refracast Ltd. Raipur and b. Handa Alleys, Sirgitti Bilaspur

The total amount of Vanadium penta oxide catalyst dust generated is 200 L/yr.

B. Single Super Phosphate Plant: In manufacturing process precipitated solid silica is

generated in Fluorine gas scrubber,Which is stored in confined concrete silica lagoon.

Later on it is dried crushed & screened and recycled back in final product as filler.

H2SIF6 (Hydro Floro Silicic Acid) effluent is generated during scrubbing in

manufacturing of single Super Phosphate which is treated with Soda Ash to produce

Sodium Sillico Flouride by product.

C. Spent Oil: We are available with 750 KVA DG Set an emergency standby power back

up. The DG set is run occasionally only in case when CSEB power supply is not

available. The Spent oil is recycled for lubrication in chain drive equipments in plant. The

total volume of spent oil generated in the plant is 50 L/yr.

2.13 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY FOR WORKERS

The existing system of Occupational Health and Safety is capable of catering to the needs,

arising from the proposed expansion.

2.13.1 Safety Training

Training programme is conducted by BEC Bilaspur. Training in all disciplines is organized

on a regular basis. The training, which is of 1 to 2 days duration, is imparted in batches of 20

to 30 employees drawn from different departments/ different divisions. New employees are

given induction training in Safety. Personnel from operation/maintenance are regularly

deputed for training depending on the need. A record of personnel who had undergone

training in safety aspects is also maintained.

2.13.2 Safety Inspection

Safety inspection is an important activity in locating unsafe acts / unsafe conditions which can

cause accidents. A good Safety Inspection System can contribute to a great extent in reducing

the accidents. There is a good Plant Safety Inspection programme in BEC Regular inspection

by Manager (Safety) and Safety Officers is being done. If any unsafe condition/act is noticed

same is brought to the notice of concerned persons and followed up till necessary action is

taken.



Safety is primarily the responsibility of the Management. Care should be exercised to see that

more Safety consciousness is inculcated among employees.

2.13.3 Accident Reporting and Investigation

Accident reporting and investigation are the most important tools to prevent recurrence of

accidents. There are two purposes for the investigation and reporting of accidents. One is to

comply with the statutory requirements and the other is to improve conditions to prevent

accident recurrence. Further accident investigation should be conducted immediately after the

accidents. Otherwise there will be every possibility of not getting actual facts. More over

even the minor accidents shall be investigated properly for an effective accident prevention

program. Reporting of accidents, preparation of accident report form is need to be done as

preventive action against accidents. As a part of Accident Prevention Program, an effective

Safety Award scheme for employees in the plants can be considered. No accident has taken

place inside the factory and there is no case of reportable accident or any permanent

disablement during the period of last two years.

2.13.4 Emergency Coordination Committee

An Emergency coordination committee is functioning in BEC Bilaspur. The Safety

committee constituted by Chief Controller who take charge and supervise down line

feedback. The Welfare Officer, Medical Officer and Fire Officer are nominated members of

the Committee.

2.13.5 Health

Health Records of Employees: As per Section 41 (C) c of Factories Act 1948 under specific

responsibility of the Occupier in relation to hazardous process, every Occupier of a factory

involving any hazardous process shall “maintain accurate and up to date Health records, or as

the case may be Medical records of the workers in the factory who are exposed to any

Chemical, Toxic or any other harmful substances which are manufactured, stored, handled or

transported and such records shall be accessible to the workers subject to the conditions as

may be prescribed.

Provide for medical examinations of every worker –

a) Before such worker is assigned to a job involving the handling of or working with a

hazardous substance and

b) While continuing in such job and after he has ceased to work in such job at intervals not

exceeding twelve months in such manner as may be prescribed.

Emergency Medical Service

For any medical emergency and need of medical help company contract Dr. Dinesh Gupta,

who has a Private Nursing Home in nearby area at Tifra around 3 kms from plant. Nursing

Home of Dr. Dinesh Gupta is equipped with following facilities:-

(a) Doctor-2 Nos. (One of them is always for emergency services)

(b) Compounder – 1 Nos.

(c) Nurses-4 Nos.

(d) Beds -8



In any case serious accident company contact to District Hospital, which are well facilitated

with all modern medical equipment’s and sufficient to overcome.

Location of Other Hospitals:

(a) CIMS also known as main Hospital is about 10 kms from the factory.

(b) Main hospital at about 5.00 kms.

(c) Highly equipped Apollo Hospital is about 15 kms from the factory.

(d) There are also a number of Private Nursing Home about 10 to 15 Kms. From the factory

site.

2.14 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HAZARDS

Hazardous Materials Handling Facility

Sulphuric acid and ammonia are the hazardous materials which will be used for the

production of the complex fertilizer. The details about the hazardous materials are given

below in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5: Descriptions of Hazardous Operation/ Process/ Area/ Materials

Operation/ Process/

Area Hazards Caused

Precautionary

Measures

Safety Measures to

be taken in

Hazardous

Occurrence

Storage of

inflammable product

like sulphur, oil,

acids etc.

Fire Hazards 1. Emergency kit is

kept ready and nearer

to the storage of

inflammable product.

2. Fire fighting

equipment’s powder/ foam type

extinguishers on

vehicles and on walls

are kept readily

available.

3. Hydrant system

provided at

conspicuous places.

4. Fire fighting man is

employed.

5. Precautions to ensure

that storage is done of

above maintained

material are in proper

way and at proper

place.

1. Installation of

Insert gas

(Nitrogen, Carbon

dioxide)

equipment’s to take of fire hazards in

the factory area is

being installed.

2. Hydrant points

have been provided

at the proximity of

gas cylinders, Husk

and storage and are

kept outside the

main factory.

3. All precautionary

measures to be

adopted and taken

as mentioned in

chapter.

Storage of Sulphuric

acid SO2 fluoride

gas, caustic soda etc.

Toxic fumes are

harmful if inhaled

evaporation of

chemical fumes

1. All chemical stored

in container made up of

HDPE and leak proof

top lid covered

If any worker is

injured in that case

first aid is given to

him and if it is



Operation/ Process/

Area Hazards Caused

Precautionary

Measures

Safety Measures to

be taken in

Hazardous

Occurrence

may create problem

during handling.

container, which are

tightly fixed.

2. During handling the

chemical workers are

forced to wear all

safety appliances like

gloves apron(made up

of neoprene) chemical

goggles ( gas mask if

necessary)

found serious the

case is immediately

referred to the

doctor/ hospital for

further treatment

and check-up.

Leakage of steam

from pipeline.

Leakage of steam

may cause

superficial burn if

victim directly

come in contact

Emergency kit is kept

ready which consists of

:

a. Tools for stopping

leakage through boiler

condenser and pipeline.

b. All the pipeline is

insulated.

c. Detector solution to

detect percentage of

leakages (available at

sites)

a. Precautionary

measures to be

taken up as

mentioned.

b. Ammonia torch

is used to find out

the leakage.

c. In the event of

major leakage point

may carry quickly.

Edible oil, diesel and

transferable oil etc.

Fire hazard 1. Fire proof, system

made available and fire

fighting equipment’s

like foam extinguishers

and hydrant system etc.

are kept accessible.

2. Stored in MS

cylindrical tank and

kept away from any

type fire caused things

Proper care is to be

taken in storing and

keeping the drum of

oil.

Precautions should

be adopted and

taken as mentioned.

General machinery

and processing

equipment

Entrapping in

moving parts.

All machines are

compact and whole

process is done under

consistent watch of

supervisors and by

adopting all safety

precaution and

measures.

First aid is given

and then refers to

doctor / hospital for

further treatment.

Laboratory

Chemicals

Ammonia, Sulphuric

Acid, HCL Acid etc.

In case of breakage

cause burns

damage to

respiratory system

a. Proper care is taken

to store/ handle

chemicals.

b. Qualified and trained

Instruction board to

be displayed for the

knowledge of other

man to take care of



Operation/ Process/

Area Hazards Caused

Precautionary

Measures

Safety Measures to

be taken in

Hazardous

Occurrence

due to concentrated

in halation.

personnel are

employed.

c. First aid box

available at site.

d. Fire fighting

equipment’s readily available.

the situation in the

event of occurance.

Plant Structure Collapse Industrial design with

maximum factor of

safety.

To evacuate the

area, declare

extreme emergency.

Inform ECC and

Plan Plant shut

down.

Tanker over turning Fire/ Explosion Only fit tankers are

allowed inside the

plant, slow speed is

maintained inside the

plant.

Inform ECC, Try to

contain the spillage

by sand or soil,

cardon off the area

use suitable fire

extinguisher in case

of fire.

Static charge

generation during

petroleum uploading.

Sparking and fire/

explosion.

Electrically continuous

hoses are used. Tanker

body is earthed.

Close the tanker

valve, evaluate the

area inform ECE.

Entire plant area Lightening Hazard Lightening arrestor are

provided to provide

protection under

conical zone covered

by arrestor, proper

earthing is provided.

Declare extreme

emergency, inform

ECC, Do not touch

any electrical

equipment,

evacuate under

proper supervision.

2.14.1 List of Probable Hazards

A) Fire on Electrical Installations:

This is class E fire-and use DCP type (Or, CO2 gas type) extinguishers to put off the fire.

Simultaneously cut off the power supply.

B) Hot Water Spray

Hot water pump to be stopped immediately also stop the Sulphur firing rectification of the

fault to be done test it and to be taken it in line.

C) SO2, SO3 or both gases leak



Immediately stop Sulphur firing and air blower, instantly gas leak shall be stopped. Fault

to be rectified and be taking the system in line it with air.

D) Sulphuric Acid/Other dilute acid leak/spray

Immediately the leaky pipe line if possible to be isolated otherwise the concerned acid

pump to be stopped. And the drain line valve to be opened. If necessary stop the plant.

Fault to be rectified and tested. Then section line to be rectified. The acid spillages if any

should be thoroughly washed with plenty of water and the very diluted drain water is to

be neutralized in the neutralization pit, before disposal.

E) Caustic Flasks/Solution-Contact with body.

It is possible in the plant from a static state source. If there is any spillage, it is to be

washed with plenty of water. If there any leak in the solution vessel-rectify it before

taking it in line.

F) Electrical Shock:

Immediately supply to the shock source to be cut off. If required sub main also to be

switch off. Investigation to be carried out to understand that how the electric shock

occurred and necessary rectification job if any to be carried out.

Explosion in Electrical Equipments

Explosion of the equipment generally occur in oil transformer or oil circuit breaker. Explosion

of oil filter equipment or cable is usually due to overheating defective oil and damaged. Weak

maintenance and poor quality is main cause of an explosion. Periodic testing of oil and cables

should be done to avoid explosion.

Power Cables: It is to be secured properly; it is to be protected from physical hazards. All

junction boxes should be protected and supported, checking of earthings is necessary.

Transformer

The transformer should be located in fresh air area, and its location to be free from physical

hazards checking of transformer for overheating is necessary.

Emergency Power Arrangement

There is arrangement of DG set in the factory with sufficient diesel storage exclusively for

DG set and it can easily give power backup of several hours without any problem. This is as

an alternative arrangement of power readily available for factory as well as emergency

equipments and can take load of lighting and hydrant water pumps. It can be used for running

the emergency equipment for medical and misc use these DG sets are maintained properly to

meet any odd situation in case of power failure. Apart from this there are emergency lights

with individual battery units, which is kept charged all the time for use during emergency.

First Aid in Electrocution

(a) Immediate isolation of electrical supply

(b) The victim should not be touched till experts each,

(c) Victim can be detached from live supply by using insulating materials.

(d) If there is a dry wooden chair or rubber sheet the first aider must stand on it and then

separate the victim.



(e) If the clothes are smolding the spark should be extinguished.

(f) Artificial respiration should be initiated if breathing has stopped.

Safety Precautions in Loading/Unloading by Crane

To assess the load and use of appropriate slings corresponding to load to be lifted. Use of

groves while anchoring the slings.

(a) Do not use worn out slings

(b) Do not overload the crane

(c) Use hand signals for operators convenience

(d) Do not allow crane to travel above working employees or vice versa do not allow anyone

to travel under the load

2.14.2 Hazard Protection System

1. Factory has been carefully designed and protected by suitable instrumentation controls,

alarm system, indicators and mech/elect. Inter-locks in properly maintained condition. To

run the plant and to control the process, experienced qualified and trained personnel are

deployed so the risk factor in process is almost negligible wherever necessary the

employees are equipped with required personal protection equipment for protection

against specific hazard. The plant is provided with the fire fighting facilities like

sprinklers and fire extinguishers etc.

2. All process equipment are provided with control system and emergency trip, all the hot

operations are done under proper supervision.

3. Suitable PPE’s are provided to workers and material handling is done with the help of

material handling devices. Manual operations followed after process completion is carried

out with appropriate precautions and by using appropriate PPE.

4. All the pressure vessels are provided with pressure regulating device, safety relief valves

pressure indicating device are being regularly checked.

5. All storage tanks and pipelines are properly maintained and monitored/inspected for

engineering stability. Precautions are taken to avoid any malfunctioning or failure of

valves. Gas cylinders etc. for welding repairs are stored taking proper precautions in

stores.

6. Plant is designed and maintained in proper conditions ensuring safe and smooth

operation.

Fire Hazards and its Prevention

(1) Inflammable goods/chemicals to be stored as per approved norms only.

(2) Hazardous zone to be indicated at such prone locations with suitable boards and

instructions.

(3) Quantity stored should be strictly as per approvals and should be stored in recommended

area only ie. Properly fenced area or properly ventilated room.

(4) Two types of hazardous chemicals/gas cylinders etc should not be stored in same room or

area.



(5) Fire extinguisher of recommended type and capacity to be installed and maintained in

sound condition all the times.

(6) Employees should be trained and instructed to handle specific hazards at work place.

Fire Safety Arrangements

Fire safety arrangements are as per Sec 38 of the Factories Act. Fire extinguishers of various

types are installed within the factory as per class of fire risk likely to take place at the

location. Sufficient water storage is kept to run the hydrant system and quench the fire. Fire

exist points are clearly marked and indicated at prone locations.

Table 2.6: List of Fire-Fighting Equipments

S. No. Item Quantity

1 Fire Extinguisher DCP

5/10 Kg Cap

Foam Type-9 Ltrs. Cap

38 Nos.

2. Fire buckets on 12 Stands

(Each having 6)

72 Nos.

3. Hydrant System Hydrant pipe line 3” & 2” Diameter with

electrical/diesel pump set and single

headed, double headed and with nozzle

assembly for watering at the place of

incident, inside and outside the factory

shade, having electrical and diesel pump

units.

2.14.3 Emergency Control Centre

In the communication cum coordination structure a central location is selected from where

total communication to various Section inside and outside the factory is controlled. The

information receipt and the feedback from various sources shall be routed through this central

location. This centralized place is called ECC.

It is located inside the plant and painted as “Emergency Control Center”. This location is

Control Room. It is equipped with following items for emergency purpose.

a) Telephone internal telephone system, P & T Telephone numbers of executives and team

members.

b) List of employees name with blood group.

c) Site plan of factory indicating:

Location of fire hydrant system and fire extinguishers.

Location of Hazardous material.

Location of site entrances, roadways,

Location of parking etc.

d) List of concerning authorities with their telephone numbers and also the telephone

numbers of emergency services of corporation and nearby area who can be called if

required.

e) Emergency vehicle with driver.

f) Sufficient number of Note pads and pencils.

g) Copy of ON SITE EMERGENCY PLAN.



h) Mutual Aid Scheme

There is no formal mutual aid scheme is existence on papers as on date but informally it is

existing and all the surrounding companies are having that much fine understanding to seek

help of each other to fight any emergency situation. Contact Nos. and facilities in hands is

known to everyone. Companies including use are putting efforts to form mutual aid group

with aid of state authorities and association which hopefully should come on records shortly.

Rehearsal Schedule/Mock Drill

The success of this plan is very much depends on planned and unplanned mock drills. Mock

drills should be carried out regularly and register is maintained in standard format.

Mock drills helps to familiarize works employees with their roles and provide the current

accuracy of the details of the OEP. Rehearsal schedule of such mock drills is six months and

following procedure is followed when mock drill is conducted.

Procedure for mock drill:

a) Inform all the employees about MOCK DRILLS and the signal to be given.

b) Fix the DATE and LOCATION OF THE EMERGENCY for MOCK DRILL.

c) MOCK DRILL will be monitored by observers (Who will be one of the Senior officers)

not involved in the exercise.

d) Raise the Siren for Emergency.

e) After hearing the siren the Team Leaders, should move to the EMERGENCY SITE.

f) Factory Manager should alert FIRE/SECURITY TEAM ask them to run towards the

emergency location along with appropriate firefighting equipment. The fire attendants for

calling the fire Bridge.

g) RESCUE/EVACUATION TEAM should work in coordination with

FIRE/ENGINEERING TEAM.

h) All clear signal should be raised after half an hour.

Intimation Personnel

1. Factory Inspector

2. Police

3. Fire Brigade

4. Neighboring Companies (If any)

2.15 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

BECF always took an active role and participation in the socio-economic development of

community and in rendering assistance for the development of the surrounding people. BEC,

Bilaspur CSR activities includes:-

Sustainable environment-Plantation

Primary Health camp and vehicle assistance to surrounding villages in emergency

Rural sports and recreation

Promoting Tribal student’s education

Drinking water facility

Participating in Kisan Mela/organizing Farmer’s meet



Organizing extension work to train small farmers/land less labours for adopting modern

scientific method and soil testing to determine soil suitability to use proper grades of

fertilizers to increase yield and their economic growth

To educate and train in process of agriculture development extension work to promote

Bio-fertilizers.

Peripheral Development.

Village adoption-Support technical education.

Table 2.7: CSR Activities to be undertaken by BECF for future plan (next 5 years) after

expansion.

CSR Activity Expenses ( In

Lakhs )

Repair of Road/School Building in surrounding villages 3.0

Organizing medical camps in surrounding villages 1.50

Organizing agriculture awareness programme 4.0

Water bodies conservation and cleaning of ponds in

surrounding villages

6.0

Education Scholarship to tribes 1.0

Installation of solar lamps in surrounding villages 10.0

Plantation in surrounding villages 2.0

Total

27.50

Table: 2.8 CSR Activities undertaken by BECF for the Year 2015-2016

CSR Activity Expenses (In Lakhs)

Education Scholarship to tribes 1.0

Organize medical camp for the people of surrounding

village

0.50

Agriculture awareness program for the farmers 1.50

Repair of Road/School Building in surrounding villages 2.0

Plantation in surrounding area 0.80

Water bodies conservation in surrounding villages 3.0

Total

8.80



1. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL

STATUS

3.1 GENERAL SETTING OF SITE AND STUDY AREA

3.1.1 Introduction

The project site is located at Sirgitti Industrial Area in Bilha Tehsil of Bilaspur District

Chhattisgarh. Study area of 10 km radial distance (from the project site) was taken into

consideration to carry out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for the proposed

project. The existing/ baseline environmental set-up of the study area with respect to the air,

water, soil, and noise parameters will be discussed in this chapter. The baseline environmental

quality monitoring has been carried out from October to December 2015. The location map

showing the Project site is given in Figure 3.1 and the 10 km study area map is shown in

Figure 3.2.

Bilaspur is located on the northwestern part of Chhattisgarh. Bilaspur has an inland location in

the Chhattisgarh basin. It stands on the right bank of Arpa River, a tributary of River Seonath,

which joins River Mahanadi. River Arpa originated from the high hills of Maikal Range in

central India. The site for the proposed project in Bilaspur at Bilha Tehsil, which is a narrow

strip of plain area is at a distance of approx. 12 km from Arpa River.

Figure 3.1: Project Location Map

3



Figure 3.2: 10 km Study Area Map for Proposed Project

3.1.2 Site Description and its Environment

The area for proposed expansion is within the existing plant premises. The site is well

connected by road and is approximately 5 km from Bilaspur Railway Station. The study area

of 10 km radius mostly consist of mixture of scrub land and agricultural land and the project

site is in proximity to various industries such as Narmada Drinks Pvt. Ltd.,Vandana Vidyut

Ltd., Ganpat Industries, Black Diamond Motors Pvt. Etc., Project location map showing

details of various industries, surface water bodies, etc is given in Figure 3.3. Table: 3.1

briefly gives the description of the site along with the nearby features.

Table 3.1: Brief Description of the Project Site

Items Details

Project Expansion of Fertilizers Production Unit

Location Sirgitti Industrial Area, Tehsil Bilha, Bilaspur

Total BEC Plant Area 47.66 Acres (Plant Area)

12.15 Acres (Existing Unit)



Items Details

11.40 Acres (Proposed Expansion Unit)

18.35 Acres (Green Cover)

Area allotted for expansion 11.40 Acres

Existing Capacity Sulphuric Acid : 40,000 TPA

Single Super Phosphate : 1, 40,000 TPA

Granulated Fertilizer : 45,000 TPA

Nearby features Factories- Narmada Drinks Pvt. Ltd., 1/2 km from site.

Highways- NH- 200 (5 km)

Railways- Bilaspur railway station is about 5 kms.

River- Arpa (12 km)

Project cost (Expected) 75 Cr.

Figure 3.3: Project Location map with respect to nearby Industries.



3.2 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY

3.2.1 Topography

Bilaspur plain is bisected by the river Arpa and its tributaries which divides this plain into two

parts western and eastern. The elevation of the plain is below 300 meter above the sea level.

Bilaspur city area where site is located occupies gently sloping terrain, gradually sloping

towards the Arpa River from north and south. The area south of Arpa River gently slopes and

forms a shape like saucer at the city’s centre. The hillocks north of the city are responsible in

creating drainage channels. There are five major drain basins of the Bilaspur are namely

Chantidih, Chingrajpara, South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. Jawali, Torba. The combination of

natural and constructed drains forms a rectangular drainage pattern ultimately discharging in

to the Arpa River. The drains unable to join the river end up in local depressions creating

ponds.

3.2.2 Geology

The major geological formation in the district are high grade gneisses and unclassified

metamorphics of Archean age. They are overlain by sedimentary formations of upper

Proterozoic known as Chhattisgarh super group consisting of limestones, siltstones, shales,

sandstone and marlstone. Gondwana group of rocks belonging to carboniferous to lower

cretaceous age also occur in the area. Recent to subrecent alluvial deposits and laterite also

occur at places in the district. (Source : www.cgwb.gov.in)

3.3 HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY

3.3.1 Hydrology

The major riverine system of the study area is drained by Arpa River, a tributary of Seonath

River. The Arpa River flows through the city from north-west to south-east. The drainage of

the city to the river is carried by Jewali Nullah in the south and Goker Nullah in the north of

the river. Arpa is the important riverine system, which falls within 12 km (West) from the

project site.

3.3.2 Hydrogeology

The main sources of water in the study area are bore wells, tube wells and piped water supply.

The requirements of water for irrigation and the domestic purposes, are fulfilled by the

groundwater through dug well and bore well. As per the ground water exploration conducted

by the CGWB, North Central Region, Raipur (CGWB, 2010), the Arpa River alluvium is the

main potential aquifer in the Bilaspur urban area. The thickness of the alluvium varies from

19 to 30 m. Groundwater occurs in dolomite and shale formation of Proterozoic age, which

are underlying the alluvium. The river alluvium consists of fine to coarse sand, silt, clay,

gravel and pebbles. The ground water in the area occurs under water table conditions in

alluvium formation and in semi-confined to confined conditions in the fractured part of the

calcareous formation occurring below alluvium.

3.3.3 Ground Water Scenario

Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has prepared the ground water resources potential

report for the Bilaspur district, where the ground water potential is described blockwise. The

details of nine blocks are given in Table 3.3. The project site falls in Bilha block of the



Bilaspur district. The stage of ground water development in Murwahi, Kota, Lormi and

Masturi blocks is very low (14 to 18%) and in rest of the blocks it is varying in the range of

40 to 71 %. The ground water development is greater than 70 % in Bilha block which is

highest in the district.

The main sources of water in the study area are bore wells, tube wells, canals and piped water

supply. The study area falls under the Arpa river basin. As per the ground water exploration

conducted by the CGWB (Central Ground Water Board) of Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh

(CGWB, 2010), the pre monsoon and post monsoon water level is shown in Figure 3.5 and

Figure 3.6. The average depth to water level in the district during pre-monsoon period is 8.30

m bgl and the average depth to water level during post-monsoon period is 4.34m bgl. The

fluctuation in the ground water level is about 0-4 m.

3.3.4 Aquifer Characteristics

The Precambrian sedimentary are potential aquifers in the district. The transmissivity and

specific yield of different formations varies in wide limits. In Archaean crystallines 13 no of

wells are drilled and their discharge is very low i.e. less than 1 lps. The Transmissivity (T)

value in general is less than 1 m2/day and the specific capacity is less than 3 lpm/m of

drawdown. The Hirri, Pandaria and Maniyari Formations are good aquifers. The

Transmissivity and Specific Capacity values recorded for the exploratory wells at Belpan is

exceptionally high and is the order of 4003.34 m2/day and 835.57 lpm/m of drawdown

respectively. Table 3.2 is presented here to show the Transmissivity and Specific Capacity

obtained for different formations in the area. The Ground water resource map is shown in

Figure 3.7 and Hydrogeological map of Bilaspur district is shown in Figure 3.4.

Table 3.2: Transmissivity (T) and Sp. Capacity value obtained in Bilaspur district

S. No. Formationity

Transmissivity

(m2/day)

Sp. Capacity (lpm/m)

Min Max Min Max.

1 Maniari 8.2 186.14 2.88 128.64

2 Hirri 51.35 4003.34 16.44 284.21

3 Tarenga 0.98 357.05 2.5 108.49

4 Chandi 0.25 2198.02 1.05 14.09

5 Pandaria 2.69 345.68 7.41 227.87

6 Archaean 0.79 35.97 2.21 16.67



Figure 3.4: Hydrogeological Map of Bilaspur District



Figure 3.5: Pre monsoon depths to water level (CGWB 2010)



Figure 3.6: Post monsoon depths to water level (CGWB 2010)



Table 3.3: Ground Water Resources of Bilaspur District

S. No. Assessment

Unit

Net annual

GW

availability

(ha m)

Gross GW

draft for

domestic &

industrial

purposes

Gross GW

draft for

irrigation

( ha m)

Gross GW

draft for all

uses

(ha m)

Allocation for domestic

& industrial

requirement upto next

25 years (ha m)

Balance GW

resource for future

irrigation use

(ha m)

Stage of GW

development %

1 Bilha 9766.11 555.27 6338.69 6893.96 1896.46 554.32 70.59

2 Kota 7242.31 389.27 712.47 1101.74 553.48 5252.13 15.21

3 Lormi 9762.54 596.65 903.47 1500.12 848.32 7034.5 15.37

4 Marwahi 8041.34 442.01 716.36 1158.37 628.46 5892.38 14.41

5 Masturi 9053.22 485.29 1145.06 1630.35 690 6312.84 18.01

6 Mungeli 7309.78 738.76 2954.94 3693.7 1050.38 2573.48 50.53

7 Pathariya 5610.91 629 1595.27 2224.27 894.33 2560.22 39.64

8 Pendraroad 4240.19 272.36 1677.42 1949.78 387.24 1751.51 45.98

9 Takhatpur 5478.1 501.1 2084.44 2585.54 712.477 2133.38 47.2

Total 66504.5 4609.71 18128.12 22737.83 661.17 34064.76 34.19

(Source: CGWB 2010)



Figure 3.7: Ground water resource map of Bilaspur district (CGWB 2010)

3.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Land Use and Land Cover

The project site, which is located in the Sirgitti industrial area and the proposed expansion is

within the existing plant premise so the project site is devoid of agricultural land but within

the study area both agricultural and scrub lands are present. The land use land cover map for



the study area was prepared by processing the standard False Color Composite (FCC) of IRS

P6 LISS III satellite imagery with 23.5 m resolution. The land use land cover map is shown in

Figure 3.8. The land use classification is tabulated in Table 3.4.

About 59.2% of the study area is covered by agricultural land, which is characterized by

scattered plantation of 12.79 % and built up area of 12.64 %. Next to built up area about

11.12% is fallow land and 2.9 % water body.0.62 % of the area constitutes shrub land; 0.53 %

constitutes dry river bed and 0.03 % of the study area constitutes marshy land.

Table 3.4: Classification of Land Use and Land Cover

Class Name Area Sq. Km Percentage

Fallow land 39.91640175 11.121

Marshy Land 0.1250865 0.0349

shrub 2.235312 0.6228

Agricultural land 212.8379288 59.2983

Plantation 45.9229905 12.7945

Dry river bed 1.920159 0.535

Build up Area 45.38771775 12.6454

Water Body 10.581993 2.9482

Total 358.9275 100.0001

Terrain profile of the study area was prepared by using ASTER data available from Earth

Explorer USGS Fig 3.9 shows terrain of the study area. The highest location is at an altitude

of 287 m near Chakarbhatha village in South-West direction and the lowest point is at an

altitude of 205 m near Dhenka in South- East. Project site is at an elevation of 260 m.



Figure 3.8: Land Use Land Cover Pattern of the Study Area

Seismicity and Other Possible Natural Hazards

Based on the inputs obtained from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and other

agencies, Bureau of Indian Standards [IS-1893 – part – 1: 2002], have classified the whole

country into four seismic zones namely Zone II, III, IV and V. Of these, zone V is rated as the

most seismically active region, while zone II is the least. The Modified Mercalli (MM)

intensity, which measures the impact of the earthquakes on the surface of the earth, broadly

associated with various zones is as follows:

Seismic Zone Intensity on MM scale

II (Low intensity zone) VI (or less)

III (Moderate intensity zone) VII

IV (Severe intensity zone) VIII

V (Very severe intensity zone) IX (and above)



The proposed project site is in Seismic Zone II as per IS 1893 (Part I):2002, the associated

intensity is MM VI (or less), which signifies that the project site is of low intensity zone.

Hence, probability of having high intensity earthquake is almost negligible. The earthquake

Zonation map of India is shown in Figure 3.10.

Figure 3.9: Terrain Map of Study Area



Figure 3.10: Seismic Zonation Map of India (BMTPC 2006)

Project Site



3.5 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING

Soil quality reflects capability of soil in maintaining biodiversity and productivity,

partitioning water and solute flow, filtering and buffering, nutrient cycling, and providing

support for plants and other structures. Soil management has a major impact on soil quality.

Representative soil samples were collected from the study area to assess the quality of soil.

3.5.1 Methodology for Soil Monitoring

A number of parameters were determined, which are indicative of physical, chemical and

fertility characteristics. Sampling and analysis was conducted as per established standard

methods and procedures prescribed in IS 2720 and ASTM.

3.5.2 Soil Monitoring Locations

The Soil Monitoring was conducted for studying the various parameters in five different

locations within the study area, namely in the proposed expansion area, existing plant site,

back side of engineering godown, village Joparpara, village Kormi. The locations of the Soil

Quality Monitoring are summarized in Table 3.5. The sampling locations are chosen based on

the proximity of the location to the project site. Figure 3.11 shows the soil sampling locations

in the impact area map.

Table 3.5: Soil Quality Monitoring Location

Location

Code

Location Name/

Description

Position w.r.t. Project Site

Direction Distance (km)

SQ1 Near Expansion Site W 0.07

SQ2 Existing Plant area - -

SQ3 Back side of

Engineering Godown

SE 0.12

SQ4 Village Joparpara NE 0.70

SQ5 Village Kormi S 1.61

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrient

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_management



Figure 3.11: Soil Sampling Locations in the Study Area

Photo Plate 3.1: Soil Sample collection at Sirgitti

Village

Photo Plate 3.2: Soil Sample Collection at

Proposed Project Site



3.5.3 Soil Characteristics in the Study Area

The soil samples were analyzed for various parameters and the results are given in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6: Soil Characteristics in the Study Area

S.No. Parameter Unit SS-1 SS-2 SS-3 SS-4 SS-5

1. pH -- 7.1 7.12 7.1 7.2 7.2

2. Bulk Density g/Cc 1.44 1.47 1.31 1.45 1.43

3. Soil Texture - Clayey

loam

Clayey

loam

Clayey

loam

Clayey

loam Clayey

4. Colour -- Dark

Gray

Dark

Gray

Dark

Gray Black Black

5. Available Nitrogen Kg/Ha 230 225 221 235 241

6. Available Phosphates Kg/Ha 40.1 41.3 40.8 39.6 38.5

7. Available Potassium Kg/Ha 138 140 137 141 139

8. Organic Carbon % 1.3 1.32 1.31 1.33 1.3

9. Organic Matter % 2.26 2.29 2.27 2.31 2.26

10. Arsenic mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

11 Chromium mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

12. Cadmium mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

13. Mercury mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

As per the soil quality analytical results, the soil was neutral in nature with pH ranging from

7.1 to 7.2. The bulk density of the soil varied from 1.31 to 1.47 g/cc, which was ideal for

agricultural activity. The concentration of available Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium

were in the range of 230 – 241 kg/ha, 38.5– 41.3 kg/ha and 138 – 141 kg/ha, which signified

that the soil was moderately fertile. The organic carbon in the soil ranged from 1.3 to 1.33%

3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT

3.6.1 Methodology for Water Quality Monitoring

To assess the water quality of the study area, three different classes of water was sampled and

assessed, they are: Surface Water, Ground Water and Water from the Effluent treatment

plants, located within the plant premises.

Water samples were collected once from all these locations during the one season study

period. The samples were analyzed for relevant physic-chemical parameters for drawing up

the baseline data.

All the basic precautions and care was taken during the sampling to avoid contamination.

Analysis of the samples was carried out as per established standard methods and procedures

prescribed by the CPCB, e.g. relevant IS Codes (IS 2488 (Part-1 to 5) “Methods for Sampling

and Testing of Industrial Effluents”), and “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and

Wastewater” published by APHA.



3.6.2 Surface Water Monitoring Locations

The Surface Water Monitoring was conducted for studying the various parameters in four

different locations within the study area, namely Reservoir near pumping station, near Water

Treatment Plant, Chitrapuzha River and Reservoir near Township Area. The locations of the

surface water quality monitoring are summarized in Table 3.7. Figure 3.12 shows the surface

water and ground water quality monitoring sampling locations.

Table 3.7: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations

Location

Code

Location Name/

Description



SW1 Arpa River SE 9.95

SW2 Lal Khadan E 4.04

SW3 Hardikalan S 4.62

SW4 Jhapadpada NE 0.76



Figure 3.12: Surface water and ground water quality monitoring sampling locations

Photo Plate 3.1: Surface Water Sample Collection

from Arpa river (upstream)

Photo Plate 3.2: Surface Water Sample Collection

from Arpa river (downstream)



3.6.3 Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results

The Physico-chemical analysis of the collected surface water conducted and the results for

various parameters are listed in Table 3.8.

Table 3.8: Physico-Chemical Analytical Results of Surface Water

Parameters Unit SW 1 SW 2 SW 3 SW 4

Color Hazen <1 <1 <1 <1

pH - 7.2 7.1 7 7.5

Total Dissolved solids mg/l 213 183 201 235

Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 7.2 6.6 6.8 6.1

Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 88 62 80 91

Chlorides as Cl- mg/l 25 21 19 28

Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 70 61 62 80

Calcium as Ca mg/l 23 20 21 29

Magnesium as Mg mg/l 17 16 17 21

Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 12 8 10 15

Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 15.9 12.7 10.8 13.7

Fluoride as F mg/l 0.44 0.42 0.21 0.36

Iron as Fe mg/l 0.33 0.29 0.44 0.21

Lead as Pb mg/l 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.001

Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Arsenic as As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Chromium as Cr mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

The pH of the surface water was in the range of 7.0 to 7.5. The hardness ranged from 61 to 80

mg/. The concentration of Calcium ranged from 20 to 29 mg/l and Magnesium ranged from

16-21 mg/l. The concentration of Lead, Chromium, Mercury, Arsenic, Cyanide were below

the detectable level.

3.6.4 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations

The ground water quality monitoring was carried out to study the various physic-chemical

characteristics of water in seven representative locations within the study area. The sampling

locations for the ground water quality monitoring are summarized in Table 3.9 and are

delineated in Figure 3.12 (above).

Table 3.9: Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations

Location

Code

Location Name/

Description



GW1 Dhamni Village SW 5.9

GW2 Bore Well E 0.10

GW3 Banaak Village E 0.78

GW4 Sirgitti Village NW 1.00



Location

Code

Location Name/

Description



GW5 Kormi Village SE 1.65

GW6 JhoparparaVillage SE 5.00

Photo Plate 3.3: Ground Water Sample

Collection from bore well at Dhamni Village

Photo Plate 3.4: Ground Water Sample Collection

from hand pump at Sirgitti Village

3.6.5 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results

The physico-chemical analysis of ground water was conducted and the analytical results for

various parameters are tabulated in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10: Physico-chemical Analysis of Ground Water Quality

Parameter Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 IS: 10500-1991

Norms

Colour Hazen 5 5 4 4 4 5 5-25

pH - 7.7 7.4 7.5 6.5 7.2 7.3 6.5-8.5

Chlorides as Cl- mg/l 53 79 66 62 78 75 250-1000

Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 133 179 140 125 166 164 300-600

Elec. Conductivity μMhou/cm 423 570 520 515 535 545 -

Calcium as Ca mg/l 38 81 53 47 79 73 75-200

Magnesium as Mg mg/l 27 41 20 15 20 20 30-100

Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 3 25 24 39 42 41 200-400

Dissolved solids mg/l 537 723 668 653 710 697 500-2000

Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 98 109 98 88 85 90 200-600

Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 10.2 12.3 11.9 13.8 9.3 10.9 45-100

Sodium as Na mg/l 37 53 32 35 30 25 -

Potassium as K mg/l 22 29 19 21 23 13 -

Fluoride as F mg/l 0.41 0.67 0.72 0.88 0.59 0.55 1.0-1.5

Iron as Fe mg/l 0.2 0.19 0.21 0.11 0.21 0.25 0.3-1.0

The pH of the ground water was slightly alkaline ranging from 6.5 to 7.7. The totals dissolved

solids in all the sampled water and were in the range of 537 to 723 mg/l. Calcium and



magnesium were in the range of 38 – 81 mg/l and 15-41 mg/l, respectively. The concentration

of fluoride in water was in the range of 0.41 – 0.88 mg/l, which is within the permissible limit

of 1.0 mg/l as per IS 10500:2012. The concentration of nitrate and iron in the ground water

were in the range of 9.3 –13.8 mg/l and 0.11- 0.25 mg/l respectively. The range of alkalinity

and hardness in water ranged from 84 – 109 mg/l and 125-179 mg/l, respectively.

3.6.6 Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Locations

Effluent quality was analyzed at two different locations. The effluent treatment plant

monitoring locations are summarized in Table 3.11.

Table 3.11: Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Locations

Location

Code



ETP1 S 0.2

ETP2 NW 0.1

3.6.7 Effluent Treatment Plant Monitoring Results

The physico-chemical analytical results of the effluent water for various parameters are given

in Table 3.12.

Table 3.12: Physico-Chemical Analysis of Effluent Treatment Plant Discharge Quality

S.No. Parameters ETP 1 ETP 2 Permissible

Limits

1 pH 7.15 7.4 7.0 – 9.0

2 Temperature 150C 16

0C

3 Colour <5.0 <5.0

4 TSS (mg/l) 85.0 81.3 100 mg/l

6 Oil & Grease <1.0 <1.0 10 mg/l

7 Fluoride(mg/l) 2.07 2.09 2.0 mg/l

8 Phenolic compounds <0.01 <0.01 1.0 mg/l

10 Phosphate (mg/l) 4.7 4.9 5.0 mg/l

11 Mercury(mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 0.01 mg/l

12 Cyanide (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 0.2 mg/l

13 Chromium (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 2.0 mg/l

The pH of the water collected from ETP 1, 2 were alkaline in nature. All other parameters like

TSS, Oil and grease, Fluoride, Phenolics, Mercury, Cyanide, Phosphates, were well within the

discharge limits.

3.7 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY

Chhattisgarh has three distinct seasons, namely summer (March to June), monsoon (July to

September) and winter (November to February).



Relative humidity is quite high, exceeding 80% during rainy season. The sky is mostly cloudy

during the rainy season and less cloudy in the post–monsoon months, with clear sky during

the other months of the year. Wind speeds are generally low, though they accelerate during

the latter part of summer and early southwest monsoons. Wind speeds range from calm to

more than 11.1 m/s.

3.7.1 Temperature

The Bilaspur district receives rainfall mainly from the southwest monsoon. It sets in 3rd / 4th

week of June and continues till mid August/ September with heaviest showers in the months

of July and August. The average annual rainfall for the district is around 1100 mm (1998

2007). The months of July and August are the heaviest rainfall months and nearly 95% of the

annual rainfall is received during June to September months. The rainfall is unevenly

distributed in different tehsils and also the amount of rainfall varies from year to year. The

district experiences a hot and semi-humid climate. The annual temperature varies from 9.2° C

to 42.1° C. The hottest months are May and June and the minimum temperature is observed in

the months of December and January. (Source: CGWB Report, 2010)

3.7.2 Rainfall

Maximum rainfall was received in June (204 mm), July (150 mm) and August (234 mm).

Scanty rainfall was received in September (90 mm) and March (21 mm). No rainfall was

received from January to February, April to May and October to December (Table 3.13).

Table 3.13: Monthly Rainfall Data for the Year 2012

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Rainfall

(mm) 0 0 21 0 0 204 150 234 90 0 0 0

3.7.3 Wind Pattern

Generally, light to moderate wind prevail throughout the year in the morning hours. The wind

is stronger in the afternoon. A review of the wind rose diagram (Figure 3.13) of the project

site during the study period October – December 2015 shows that predominant winds (around

67%) are mostly towards South West directions. The average wind speed is 3.91 m/s with

calm winds prevailing during 0.51%.

3.7.4 Atmospheric Inversion Level

Near the Earth surface, as the distance increases from the surface the temperature decrease.

Whereas at certain height this phenomenon inverses and beyond this height a positive

correlation is established between temperature and distance from Earth’s surface. This point is called the Atmospheric Inversion Level or Mixing Height. At the inversion level, both vertical

and horizontal diffusion of air is inhibited and pollutants are trapped in the atmosphere nearer

to the Earth’s surface. The lower the inversion level, higher will be the pollutant concentration

in the ambient air at the Earth’s surface.

The inversion level for the proposed project site during pre monsoon season is in the range of

2550 m – 3000 m (IMD, 2008).



Figure 3.13: Wind Rose for the Project Site

3.8 AMBIENT AIR AND NOISE QUALITY

3.8.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

3.8.1.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Six sampling stations were chosen for monitoring of ambient air quality within the study area.

These were within 10 km from proposed expansion locations. One of the locations was

located in the predominant wind direction (South West) as per the Windrose (Figure 3.13).

The locations of the monitoring stations were selected to accord an overall idea of the ambient

air quality scenario in the study area. Logistic considerations such as accessibility, security,

and availability of reliable power supply etc. were also taken into consideration while

finalizing the locations of such stations. The locations of the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Stations in the study area are given in Table 3.14 below. Figure 3.14 shows the ambient air

quality monitoring locations.



Figure 3.14: Ambient air quality-monitoring locations.

Table 3.14: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Location

Code

Location Name/

Description



AQ1 Admin Building N 0.08

AQ2 Near ETP (downwind) SW 0.23

AQ3 Hardikala Village S 3.45

AQ4 Lalakhadan W 4.12

AQ5 Kormi Village E 0.71

AQ6 Sirgitti W 0.65



Photo Plate 3.5: Installation of Air monitoring

sampler in Hardikala Village

Photo Plate 3.6: RDS sampler installed at Sirgitti

Village

Photo Plate 3.7: Filter paper for monitoring the PM10

at Tilak Nagar

Photo Plate 3.8: Collection of PM10 filter paper

sample at Ganga Nagar

Photo Plate: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

3.8.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Methodology

Monitoring was conducted in respect of the following parameters:

Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Hydrocarbon

Fluoride

VOC

NH3

Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted from October – December 2015 at a frequency

of twice a week at each station adopting a 24-hours schedule for parameters such as

Particulate matter, SO2 and NOx and for parameters CO, HC, VOC and NH3, monitoring was

carried out once at each station. The equipment was placed at open space, free from trees and

vegetation, which otherwise acts as a sink of pollutants resulting in lower levels in monitoring



results. At locations close to highways, the equipment was placed at least 100 m away from

such highways/roads to avoid influence of traffic exhaust emissions.

3.8.1.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

The ambient air quality monitoring data is given in Tables 3.15 to 3.22.

a) Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)

The 24-hourly average PM10 level varied between 51.3 g/m3 (at AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar) and

57.5g/m3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The level of PM10 in all the areas is well within the NAAQS

standards of 100 g/m3. Table 3.15 gives details of the mean values of the 24-hourly average

PM10 levels.

Table 3.15: Summary of PM10 Levels Monitored in the Study Area

Code Station Location 24-hourly Average PM10 (g/m

3)

Min. Max. Mean Limit

AQ-1 Admin Building 42.1 65.5 53.8 100

AQ-2 Near ETP (downwind) 45.8 67.7 56.75 100

AQ-3 Hardikala Village 47.6 62.7 55.15 100

AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 42.6 64.4 53.5 100

AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar 40.9 61.7 51.3 100

AQ-6 Sirgitti 48.1 66.9 57.5 100

The 24-hourly average PM2.5 level varied between 21.75 g/m3 (at AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar) and

30.6 g/m3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). Similar to that of PM10, the levels of PM2.5 for all the sampling

locations is within the permissible limit of 60 g/m3. Table 3.16 gives details of the mean

values of the 24-hourly average PM2.5 levels.

Table 3.16: Summary of PM2.5 Levels Monitored in the Study Area

Code Station Location 24-hourly Average PM2.5 (g/m

3)





AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 17.4 31.4 24.4 60

AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar 15.6 27.9 21.75 60

AQ-6 Sirgitti 24.4 36.8 30.6 60

b) Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

The mean of 24-hourly average values of SO2 over the study area was varying between 11.9

µg/m3 (at AQ-3 Hardikala village) to 14.85 µg/m

3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The SO2 levels at all the



locations were much below the permissible limit of 80 g/m3 stipulated for residential, rural

& other areas. Table 3.17 below gives the details of SO2 levels at each location.

Table 3.17: Summary of SO2 Levels Monitored in the Study Area

Code Station Location 24-hourly Average SO2 (g/m

3)


AQ-1 Admin Building 8.8 15.2 12 80



AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 11.1 14.4 12.75 80

AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar 9.8 16.2 13.0 80

AQ-6 Sirgitti 13.1 16.6 14.85 80

c) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

The mean of 24-hourly NOx level over the entire study area was varying between 20.7 g/m3

(at AQ-4 Tilak Nagar) to 25.25 g/m3 (at AQ-6 Sirgitti). The 24-hourly average values of

NOx at all the locations were within the prescribed limit of 80 g/m3 stipulated for residential,

rural and other areas. The details of the NOx levels at each location are given in Table 3.18

below.

Table 3.18: Summary of NOx Levels Monitored in the Study Area

Code Station Location 24-hourly Average NOx (g/m

3)





AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 15.9 25.5 20.7 80

AQ-5 Ganesh Nagar 17.5 29.1 23.3 80

AQ-6 Sirgitti 22.0 28.5 25.25 80

d) CO, Benzene, VOC, NH3 and Fluoride

Air samples for Carbon Monoxide, Benzene, Volatile Organic Carbon, Ammonia and

Fluoride were collected from six different sites within the study area. The values of all the

four pollutants were found to be within the NAAQS Limits. The analysis results are shown in

Table 3.19 below.



Table 3.19: Summary of Benzene, CO, VOC, NH3, Fluoride Levels Monitored in the

Study Area

S.

No

.

Location

Parameters Limits

Benze

ne

(ppm)

CO

(mg/m3)

VOC

(ppm)

NH3

(µg/m3)

F

(µg/m3)

CO

(mg/m3)

NH3

(µg/m3)

1 Admin Building <1.0 <1.15 <1.0 10.5 <10 4 400

2 Near ETP

(downwind)

<1.0 <1.15 <1.0 12.21 <10 4 400

3 Hardikala Village <1.0 <1.15 <1.0 7.43 <10 4 400

4 Tilak Nagar <1.0 <1.15 <1.0 6.22 <10 4 400

5 Ganesh Nagar <1.0 <1.15 <1.0 6.0 <10 4 400

6 Sirgitti <1.0 <1.15 <1.0 5.50 <10 4 400

Detection Limit: VOC – 1.0 ppm and Fluoride- 10 µg/m3

3.8.2 Noise Monitoring

Noise is known to produce various temporary changes in the physiological state of the human

beings. Noises in an industry originate from the process, vibration or reciprocation moment,

friction and turbulence in air or gas streams causing impact. Noise is mentioned as one of the

elements in the Environmental Protection Act 1986, giving the maximum allowable limits

during day and night times. Ambient noise standard prescribed by Central Pollution Control

Board is furnished in Table 3.20.

Table 3.20: Ambient Noise Standards

Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A)

Day Time Night Time

A Industrial 75 70

B Commercial 65 55

C Residential 55 45

D Silent 50 40

(Source: Environment (Protection) Act Notification (GSR 1063 E) Dated 26th December 1989)

Daytime is reckoned in between 6 a.m. to 9 p.m.

Nighttime is reckoned in between 9 p.m. and 6 a.m.

Silent area is defined as areas up to 100 m. around such premises as hospitals,

educational institutions and courts.

Noise levels have been measured in the neighborhood environment of the project site. Noise

coming from trucks, cars, birds, animals etc. is expected to add to the main noise generated by

process operations of the facility. Ten locations were selected for noise monitoring and are

listed in Table 3.21. Figure 3.15 shows the noise monitoring locations.



Figure 3.15: Noise Monitoring Location in the Study Area

Table 3.21: Location and Category of Noise Monitoring Stations

Code Location Name Position w.r.t. Project Site

Category Direction Distance (km)

NS-1 Expansion Area - - Industrial

NS-2 Near Canteen Area N 0.09 Industrial

NS-3 Main Gate S 0.14 Industrial

NS-4 Sirgitti W 0.65 Residential

NS-5 Near DG Set SW 0.23 Industrial



Code Location Name Position w.r.t. Project Site

Category Direction Distance (km)

NS-6 Jhoparpara Village W 0.62 Residential

NS-7 Kormi Village E 0.71 Residential

The daytime noise levels were monitored from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. and nighttime noise levels

during 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. The readings were recorded at every hour interval for one day at each

location to quantify any deviation with the time.

The impact of industrial noise on surrounding community depends on:

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous or continuous in nature). It is well

known that a steady noise is not as annoying as one that is continuously varying in

loudness.

Time of the day at which noise occurs, for example loud noise at night in residential

areas are not acceptable because for sleep disturbance.

The location of noise source with respect to noise sensitive land, the loudness and

period of noise exposure are determined.

The health impacts of noise can vary from noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) to annoyance

depending on loudness of noise levels and tolerance levels of individual. The baseline data

survey for noise levels in the study area has been carried out by selecting ten noise-

monitoring stations.

3.8.3 Regional Scenario

Assessment of day-night equivalent noise levels in and around the industry reveals that noise

levels are ranging from 41.5 to 54.7 dB (A) during day time and 31.3 to 52.7 dB (A) during

night time, which can be taken as the existing baseline status.

Table 3.22 and Figure 3.16 and 3.17 gives information about the noise levels at the different

sampling locations.

Table 3.22: Noise Monitoring Results within 10 km study area.

Location

Code Station Location Area Category

Day Night

Leq Limit Leq Limit

N1 Near Expansion

Area

Industrial 54.7 75 52.7 70

N2 Near Canteen Area Industrial 53.4 75 50.2 70

N3 Main Gate Industrial 52.4 75 51.8 70

N4 Sirgitti Village Residential 42.7 55 31.3 45

N5 Nera DG Set Industrial 54.2 75 52 70

N6 Jhoparpara Village Residential 42.6 55 34.8 45

N7 Kormi Village Residential 41.5 55 35.3 45



Figure 3.16: Noise Quality Monitoring Results (Leq Day Time)

Figure 3.17: Noise Quality Monitoring Results (Leq Night Time)

3.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.9.1 FLORA

The study was carried out within the 10 km radius of the project area. To understand the

structure of the ecological community of the study area quadrate sampling method was

followed. During the process of ecological survey, quadrate study was done for tree, shrubs

and herbs species to understand the community structure of the vegetation. Belt transects of

10 m X 10 m for tree, 5m X 5m for shrub and 1m X 1m for herb were carried out in the line

transect as per this method.

As been reported during field monitoring, the flora species of the study area can be classified

under three major categories:

i) Hilly tract vegetation,

ii) Plain land vegetation and

iii) Aquatic vegetation.



The Proposed project falls under the plain land vegetation.

Flora

The area is covered by sparse vegetation mostly comprising of tree species such as Arjun

(Terminalia arjuna) Gamhar (Cometina arhborca), Sal (Shorea robusta), Sagun (Tectona

grandis), Neem(Azadirachta indica), Jamun (Syzigium cumini), Kanji (Pongamia pinnata),

Eucalyptus, Dhak, Mahua (Bassia latifolia), Mango (Mangifera indica ) Acacia arbica,

Sesham (Dalbergia sissoo), Chatauna (Alstonia scholars), etc., The tree species in the study

area is given in Photo Plate below.

Photo: 1 Chautauna (Alstonia scholars)

Inside Plant Premise

Photo: 2 Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna)

Among the common shrubs species that were observed during sampling includes Ber

(Ziziphus numularia), Lantana camera, Calotropis procera, Iporea purpurea, , Babul

(Acacia arbica), Pink shower (Cassia nudosa), Palas (Butea monosperma) etc. The shrub

species in the study area is given in Photo Plate below.



Photo 3: Babul (Acacia sp.)

Herbs species of the study area consists of grasses, Argemon Mexicana,Parthenium sp.,

Nerium odorum The hurb species in the study area is given in Photo Plate below.

Photo 4: Ipomoea carnea (Near Sirgitti Area)

The common flora, that generally occur in the study area are given in the Table 3.23.

Table 3.23: List of Flora in the Study Area

S.

No Scientific Name Common Name

Habit

1 Mangifera indica Mango Tree

2 Ziziphus numularia Ber Tree

3 Azadirachta indica Neem Tree

4 Artocarpus integrifolia Kathal Tree

5 Syzigium cumini Jamun Tree

6 Moringa oleifera Sajana Tree

7 Madhuca latifolia Mahula Tree



S.

No Scientific Name Common Name

Habit

8 Tamarindus indica Imli Tree

10 Psidium guajava Guava Tree

11 Shorea robusta Sal Tree

12 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Tree

13 Bassia latifolia Mahua Tree

14 Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo Tree

15 Ficus Benghalensis Banyan Tree

16 Delonix sp. Gulmohar Tree

17 Pongamia pinnata Karanji Tree

18 Butea sp. Palas Tree

19 Alstonia scholars Chatauna Tree

20 Cassia nudosa PinkShower Shrub

21 Tinospora cerdifolia Gulancha Shrub

22 Acacia arbica Babul Shrub

23 Datur stramonium Dhutura Shrub

24 Calotropis gigantea - Shrub

25 Lantana camara - Shrub

26 Ocimum canum Bantulsi Herb

27 Nerium odorum Karabi Herb

28 Thevetia peruviana Kolke Herb

Plumeria sp. Gulechin Herb

(Source: Primary Data Collection)

3.9.2 Fauna

The animal life is mainly depend upon the vegetation of the area and is one of the main

factors, which influence the character of its animal life. The animals are directly or indirectly

dependent upon it for their food and habitat. Due to anthropogenic pressure and destruction of

vegetation structure the area has undergone continuous deterioration in the number of wild

life which cannot be ignored. The list of fauna is common to this area are given in Table 3.24.

Table 3.24: List of Fauna in the Study Area

Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name Conservation IUCN Status

Mammals

1. Jackles Canis aureus indicus Least Concern

2. Fox Vulpes bengalensis Least Concern

3. Bats Pteropus giganteus Least Concern

4. Squirrel Funambulus palmarum Least Concern

5. Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis Least Concern

6. Monkey Macaca Fascicularis Least Concern

Reptiles

1. Indian Cobra Naja naja Not Evaluated

2. Python Python molurus Near Threatened

3. Krait Bungarus sp. Least Concern

4. Indian Chameleon Chamaeleo zeylanicus Least Concern



Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name Conservation IUCN Status

5. Viper Daboia russelii

Avifauna

1. Grey Quail

2. House sparrow Passer domesticus Least Concern

3. Crow Corvus culminatus Least Concern

4. Mayna Mayna pubescens Endangered

5. Tree Pie Dendrocitta sp. Least Concern

6. Pigeon Columba livia Least Concern

Python (Pythonidae) Dhamini Village

Photo Plate Fauna species observed during field monitoring

Domesticated Animals

The animal husbandry is as important as agriculture in the study area. Animals like cows,

buffaloes, goats, hens and pigs are domesticated.

3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The proposed project study area falls under Sirgitt Industrial Area, Bilaspur District of

Chhattisgarh State. Project area specific details with respect to the socio-economic

environment were collected during field visit, secondary sources and through public

consultations. The habitations within our study area are shown in Figure 3.18 and the

demographic profile of the study area is reported and highlighted in Table 3.25.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daboia_russelii



Figure 3.18 Habitation map of the study area

List of Villages surveyed along with population details within 10 km Study Area are listed in

Table 3.25 and Photo Plate below shows public consultation process in villages.

Table 3.25: List of villages Surveyed

Name of

Village

Households Total Populations Males Females

Jhoparpara 239 1357 708 649

Sirgitti 2406 12520 6500 6020

Chakrabhatta 446 2251 1132 1119

Dhamini 271 1295 639 656

Karaar 422 2245 1157 1088

Sewar 406 1961 989 972

Hardikala 809 4194 2122 2072

Saida 234 1201 592 609

Chautana 1611 8000 4500 3500

Source: Census of India, 2001



Photo: Public Consultation in Hardikala Village Photo: Public Consultation in Sirgitti Area

Photo: Public Consultation in Chautana village Photo: Public Consultation in Sewar village



Table 3.26: Demographic profile of the study area

S.

No.

Name of

village

No. of

house

holds

Population Liter-

ates

Total

workers

Main

workers

Marginal

Workers

Non

workers

Cultivators Agricultural

Workers Others

Total Male Female 0 - 6

Yrs SC ST Main Marginal Main Marginal Main Marginal

1 Bilha (NP) 1661 8988 4631 4357 1564 2064 721 5224 3018 2556 462 5970 212 29 22 253 2257 161

2 Bodri (NP) 2478 13403 6762 6641 2237 1392 1483 8031 4400 3625 775 9003 306 81 569 509 2668 173

3 Chilhati 358 1870 954 916 397 919 170 774 905 841 64 965 185 25 244 27 406 11

4 Chilhati 431 2102 1012 1090 424 186 241 874 827 436 391 1275 306 187 24 184 98 17

5 Darrighat 321 1681 857 824 323 555 86 742 724 696 28 957 103 3 295 12 289 12

6 Dhamni 271 1295 639 656 277 680 7 635 546 477 69 749 122 5 150 57 201 5

7 Dhangawan 166 738 364 374 130 699 0 398 245 152 93 493 93 39 43 54 16 0

8 Dhuma 422 1989 1046 943 393 346 84 1056 801 705 96 1188 220 4 420 92 60 0

9 Dhurwakari 351 1681 824 857 291 894 0 871 837 331 506 844 189 204 78 290 55 8

10 Gataura 1238 6242 3123 3119 1148 1657 310 3376 2779 1266 1513 3463 663 102 326 1388 273 19

11 Kaneri 92 392 200 192 59 160 22 130 181 137 44 211 79 7 29 10 27 27

12 Kaya 199 899 449 450 159 65 3 459 419 363 56 480 208 33 98 20 49 3

13 Kormi 433 2472 1219 1253 570 684 71 1270 789 560 229 1683 232 17 205 201 121 11

14 Kunwa 220 992 514 478 185 518 202 404 304 291 13 688 171 4 27 5 93 4

15 Lawar 460 2572 1313 1259 624 363 190 868 776 326 450 1796 188 13 107 321 26 108

16 Magaruchhala 100 467 224 243 103 240 11 168 180 145 35 287 75 4 60 31 10 0

17 Manikpur 182 1047 543 504 250 45 171 382 487 474 13 560 156 1 256 12 62 0

18 Masturi 950 5033 2618 2415 851 1329 236 3088 1915 1720 195 3118 279 45 907 91 500 46

19 Nagpura 413 2584 1277 1307 500 829 434 1362 810 493 317 1774 112 3 1 307 380 7

20 Nagraudi 163 911 452 459 206 63 0 408 408 251 157 503 201 37 28 114 22 6

21 Nimtara 453 2744 1414 1330 491 438 13 1509 1132 934 198 1612 452 109 347 87 122 2

22 Pali 111 628 311 317 107 58 35 285 298 278 20 330 150 8 102 10 22 1

23 Parsada 142 699 359 340 126 52 70 363 324 124 200 375 20 133 72 66 32 1



S.

No.

Name of

village

No. of

house

holds

Population Liter-

ates

Total

workers

Main

workers

Marginal

Workers

Non

workers

Cultivators Agricultural

Workers Others

Total Male Female 0 - 6

Yrs SC ST Main Marginal Main Marginal Main Marginal

24 Pondi 459 2381 1224 1157 446 373 678 819 1115 736 379 1266 372 124 322 235 33 1

25 Sardha 234 1201 592 609 222 95 304 582 520 414 106 681 279 10 89 96 41 0

26 Sengar 406 1961 989 972 345 540 38 992 738 666 72 1223 185 2 396 62 84 8

27 Silpahri 343 1874 950 924 430 441 78 692 735 227 508 1139 108 33 20 469 93 6

28 Sirgiti (CT) 2406 12520 6500 6020 1964 1283 1383 7934 3383 3080 303 9137 12 3 19 55 2973 230

Source: Census of India, 2001



3.10.1 EXISTING FACILITIES

Education

The number of educational institutions i.e. schools and colleges in the year 2006-2007 (City

Development Plan, Bilaspur District, 2011) are given in Table 3.27.

Table 3.27: Educational Institutions in Bilaspur District in the Year 2006-2007

Sl. No. Category Total No.

1. Primary schools 1222

2. Upper primary (middle) school 502

3. High school 60

4. Higher secondary school 57

5. Degree colleges 5

6. Professional and PG colleges 5

7. Ashram schools 6

(Source: City Development Plan, Bilaspur District, 2011)

Medical Facilities

Bilaspur district had 128 number of hospital and primary health centers in the year 2006-

2007. The number of bed was about 268 (City Development Plan, Bilaspur District, 2011).

Workers and Labour

The company will employ about 100 workers on regular basis. Out of these one or two will be

at Managerial level. The remaining positions can be classified as skilled, semi skilled and non

skilled.

Transport

The nearest road to the project site is the major district road no. 8, which is approximately 1.5

km away (NW direction) from the project site. NH 200 is about 4.5 km away (East) from the

project site.

Postal and Communication Services

The postal and communication services in the district in 2005-2006 are given below (City

Development Plan, Bilaspur District, 2011):

Post office - 143

Telegraph office - 16

Telephone connection- 36286

Crops Grown

The main crops grown in the study area are Rice, Pulses, Sugarcane and Wheat.



List of Medium and Large Scale Industries within Sirgitti Industrial Area.

There are two industrial areas within the 10 km radius from the proposed project site i.e.

Silpahri Industrial Area and Sirgitti Industrial Area. The list of industries located within the

Sirgitti Industrial Area is given below:

Table 3.28: List of Industries within Sirgitti Industrial Area.

S.No. Name of the Industry Item of Manufacture

Industries in Sirgitti Industrial Area

1 Vandana Vidyut Plant Power Plant

2 Black Diamond Track Parts Ltd. feeder breaker, chain spares, pick holder

boxes, shearer pins

3 Black Diamond Motors Mining machinery spares and provides

transporting solutions.

4 Golchha Oxides Pvt. Ltd. Oxide colors, paints, ceramic colors, and

linoleum etc.

5 K K Lubes Pvt. Ltd. Engine oil and lubricants producing and

processing plant.

6 Shivangi Oils Pvt. Ltd. Solvent extraction plant that produces rice

bran oil and oil cakes.

7 Chhattisgarh Power and Coal

Beneficiation Pvt. Ltd. Coal washery unit

8 Bhillai Engineering Corporation

(BEC) Fertilizers

Manufacturer of beneficiated rock phosphate,

single super phosphate and sulfuric acid.

9 R.K. Polymers Polythene bags and sheets.

10 Golden Prince Wines (India)

Pvt. Ltd. Alcoholic drinks.

11 Bilaspur Barytes and Chemicals

Pvt. Ltd. Chemical manufacturing unit.

In addition to the above list of industries there are around 30 Small Scale Industries that are

located within the Sirgitti Industrial Estate.



ANTICIPATED

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Identification and evaluation of various potential impacts due to the proposed project on the

surroundings are presented in this chapter.

Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either adverse or beneficial.

Almost all the potential impacts which are temporary and short termed might occur during the

construction phase, whereas potential impacts during operation phase might have long term

effects. The potential impacts have been identified for the whole of study area (10 km radial

distance from the project site) with respect to air, noise & vibration, water, soil, biological and

socio-economic environment.

The mitigation measures which are required to negate the adverse impacts are also discussed

in this chapter.

4.2 IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

The project site is within notified industrial area and is in possession of BEC fertilizers. The

land use pattern of the project site will change from barren to industrial land.

4.2.1 Impacts during Construction Phase

The activities causing potential impact during construction phase on land use includes

levelling of site, construction of related structures and installation of equipments/heavy

machineries. No significant adverse impact on the surrounding land use during the

construction period is envisaged.

The construction activities will result in loss of vegetation cover and topsoil to some extent in

the plant area. Apart from localized construction impacts at the plant site, no adverse impacts

on soil in the surrounding areas are anticipated.

4.2.2 Impacts during Operation Phase

During operation phase, the activities of proposed plant will not change the soil quality.

However, the generation and dumping of solid wastes from the plant operations may affect

the soil quality, if proper measures are not taken.

4.2.3 Mitigation Measures

Solid waste generated during construction phase will be suitably reused for levelling the site

and lying of internal roads. The top soil will be preserved and used for landscaping purpose.

During operation phase, the activities of proposed plant will not change the soil quality.

However, the generation and dumping of solid wastes from the plant operations may affect

the soil quality, if proper measures are not taken.

4



4.3 IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT


During the construction phase, dust (particulate matter) is expected to be the main

pollutant to be emitted from the haul roads, stockpiles and material handling. In this case,

pollution emission sources shall be distributed throughout the project site and will fall

under the category of area source. The land acquired is fairly flat, so extensive site

formation work is not expected during this phase.

In the absence of information regarding the quantity and type of construction equipment

to be deployed at any particular time, total suspended particulate matter emission factor

for construction activities as per AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,

Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Fifth Edition, USEPA 1995, was taken to

calculate the approximate concentration of suspended particulate matter to be emitted

during construction phase. The standard emission factor for heavy construction activity is

2.6 mg/ha/month of activity (Section 13.2.3.3, AP-42, USEPA, 1995). The area allotted

for plant construction is about 4 Acres (1.62 ha), and the theoretical particulate matter

emission during the construction phase is about 4.2 mg/month.

Vehicular emission of SO2, NO2, CO and CO2 will add onto the air pollution. Movement of

vehicles on unpaved roads will also add onto the dust emission. Operation of DG sets will

also generate air pollutants like SO2, NO2, and PM.


Particulate and fugitive emissions might arise from raw material stock piling, process

activities like mixing of rock phosphate and sulphuric acid, grinding, DG set and vehicular

movement.

During the operation phase, there are four major categories of sources of air pollutants,

they are:

Emissions from manufacturing processes

- Fugitive emission in the form of dust from rock phosphate stockpiling,

- Dust emission during rock phosphate dust during grinding,

- Emission of particulate matter and Fluorine laden gases from Mixer and Den.

Fugitive emissions from material handling.

Emissions (SO2, NO2, CO, CO2 and dust) from vehicular movement.

Emissions (SO2, NO2, CO and CO2) from Diesel Generator Set.

Detailed air quality modeling has been carried out for predicting the possible concentration of

air pollutants namely PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOx contributed during the operation of proposed

SSP/GSSP fertilizer plant.

4.3.2.1 The Model

Air dispersion modeling for prediction of maximum increment in Ground Level

Concentration (GLC) of different air pollutants in the surrounding area due to the emission

from stacks present in proposed SSP/GSSP fertilizer plant during operation stage has been

carried out by using the AERMOD View model developed by the US EPA. This model is used



extensively to assess pollution concentration and deposition from a wide variety of sources

and is also recommended by CPCB. The model is based on Gaussian Plume Air Dispersion. It

is a steady state plume model in stable boundary layer and the concentration distribution is

assumed to be Gaussian in vertical and horizontal direction. Given source characteristics,

emissions, meteorology and averaging time, the model predicts maximum GLCs of various

pollutants.

4.3.2.2 Model Input

Stack and Emission Characteristics:

The major source of emissions is from the stacks during the operation of the proposed

SSP/GSSP fertilizer project. As a result, the stack emissions from the proposed SSP/GSSP

fertilizer plant would be constituted of mainly sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen

(NOx), particulate matters (PM10) and particulate matter (PM2.5). The stack and emission

characteristics pertaining to the stacks present in the proposed SSP/GSSP fertilizer plant are

reported in Table 4.1. The modeling has been carried out as per the guidelines of the CPCB.

The 24-hourly maximum GLCs have been computed for comparison with the standards.

Table 4.1: Stack & Emission Characteristics

S.No. Stack

Details

Release

Height

(m)

Emission Rate (g/s) Gas Exit

Temp.

(K)

Stack

Diameter

(m)

Gas Exit

Velocity

(m/s) SO2 NOx PM10 PM2.5

1. SSP 1 40 0.92 0.12 1.20 0.4 373 0.80 27

2. SSP 2 40 - - 1.39 - 373 1.10 16

3. GSSP 30 0.27 0.03 0.33 0.9 373 0.40 16

4. SA 50 38 - - - 373 1.10 16

5. DG Set 5 0.20 0.11 0.14 0.10 373 0.20 16

Meteorological Parameters:

On-site hourly meteorological data monitored during the months September to December

2012 in respect of temperature, wind speed, wind direction, humidity and cloud cover has

been used as input for air dispersion modeling. Hourly mixing heights used for modeling have

been calculated and taken from the AERMOD View model itself.

4.3.2.3 Modeling Procedure

The modeling has been carried out as per the guidelines of the CPCB. Four relevant pollutants

namely sulphur dioxide (SO2) oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate matter (PM10) and

particulate matter (PM2.5) have been considered for modeling. Square pattern of receptor

locations up to a maximum distance of 10 km with respect to 16 radial directions (N to NNW)

from the centre of the location of the stacks have been considered. The 24-hourly maximum

incremental GLCs have been computed for comparison with the standards.

4.3.2.4 Modeling Results

The predicted 24-hourly maximum incremental Ground Level Concentration (GLC) along

with isopleths plot of concentration for PM10, PM2.5, NOx, and SO2, in the study area are

reported below in Table 4.2 - 4.5 and Fig. 4.1 – 4.4.



Table 4.2: Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC),

PM10 (µg/m3)

S.No. Receptor Location

Mean 24-

hourly

Background

Level (µg/m3)

Predicted 24-

hourly Max

Incremental

GLC (µg/m3)

Total

Projected

Level

(µg/m3)

Standard (µg/m3)

(for Residential

& Rural Area)

1 AQ-1 Admin

Building 56.75 1.304 58.054 100

2 AQ-2 Near ETP

(downwind) 53.8 0.665 54.465 100

3 AQ-3 Hardikala

Village 55.15 0.025 55.175 100

4 AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 53.5 0.025 53.525 100

5 AQ-5 Ganga

Nagar 51.3 0.025 51.325 100

6 AQ-6 Sirgitti 57.5 0.665 58.165 100

7 AQ-7 Sirgitti 59.0 0.025 59.025 100

8 AQ-8 Bilaspur 54.15 0.025 54.175 100

9 AQ-9 Lakhadan 55.3 0.025 55.325 100

10 AQ-

10 Silpahri 53.8 1.944 55.744 100

Figure 4.1: Isopleths plot of concentration for PM10 (µg/m3)



Table 4.3: Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC),

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

S.No.

Receptor Location

Mean 24-

hourly

Background

Level (µg/m3)

Predicted 24-

hourly Max

Incremental

GLC (µg/m3)

Total

Projected

Level

(µg/m3)

Standard

(µg/m3)

(for Residential

& Rural Area)

1 AQ-1 Admin

Building 27.6 0.389 27.989 60

2 AQ-2 Near ETP

(downwind) 25.7 0.133 25.833 60

3 AQ-3 Hardikala

Village 26.7 0.005 26.705 60

4 AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 24.4 0.005 24.405 60

5 AQ-5 Ganga

Nagar 21.75 0.005 21.755 60

6 AQ-6 Sirgitti 30.6 0.133 30.733 60

7 AQ-7 Sirgitti 33.7 0.005 33.705 60

8 AQ-8 Bilaspur 28.65 0.005 28.655 60

9 AQ-9 Lakhadan 27.4 0.005 27.405 60

10 AQ-10 Silpahri 34.05 0.389 34.439 60

Fig.4.2: Isopleths plot of concentration for PM2.5 (µg/m3)



Table 4.4: Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration (GLC)

of SO2 (µg/m3)

S.No.

Receptor Location

Mean 24-hourly

Background

Level (µg/m3)

Predicted 24-

hourly Max

Incremental

GLC (µg/m3)

Total

Projected

Level

(µg/m3)

Standard

(µg/m3)

(for Residential

& Rural Area)

1 AQ-1 Admin

Building 12 4.532 16.532 80

2 AQ-2 Near ETP

(downwind) 12.6 2.295 14.895 80

3 AQ-3 Hardikala

Village 11.9 0.057 11.957 80

4 AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 12.75 0.057 12.807 80

5 AQ-5 Ganga Nagar 13 0.057 13.057 80

6 AQ-6 Sirgitti 14.85 2.295 17.145 80

7 AQ-7 Sirgitti 13.9 0.057 13.957 80

8 AQ-8 Bilaspur 13.35 0.057 13.407 80

9 AQ-9 Lakhadan 12.65 0.057 12.707 80

10 AQ-10 Silpahri 13.95 6.77 20.72 80

Figure 4.3: Isopleths plot of concentration for SO2 (µg/m3)



Table 4.5: Predicted 24-hourly Maximum Ground Level Concentration

(GLC) of NOx (µg/m3)

S.No.

Receptor Location

Mean 24-

hourly

Background

Level (µg/m3)

Predicted 24-

hourly Max

Incremental

GLC (µg/m3)

Total

Projected

Level

(µg/m3)

Standard (µg/m3)

(for Residential

& Rural Area)

1 AQ-1 Admin

Building 23.5 0.204 23.704 80

2 AQ-2 Near ETP

(downwind) 22.9 0.001 22.901 80

3 AQ-3 Hardikala

Village 21.5 0.001 21.501 80

4 AQ-4 Tilak Nagar 20.7 0.001 20.701 80

5 AQ-5 Ganga

Nagar 23.3 0.001 23.301 80

6 AQ-6 Sirgitti 25.25 0.204 25.454 80

7 AQ-7 Sirgitti 26.4 0.001 26.401 80

8 AQ-8 Bilaspur 26.25 0.001 26.251 80

9 AQ-9 Lakhadan 22.6 0.001 22.601 80

10 AQ-10 Silpahri 26.85 0.204 27.054 80

Figure 4.4: Isopleths plot of concentration for NOx (µg/m

3)



4.3.2.5 Discussion on Modeling Results

The predicted 24-hourly maximum incremental GLC for PM10 is found to be highest (about

1.944 g/m3) respectively, at receptor location of AQ-10 (at Silpahri), this may be because the

proposed stacks are close to the mentioned receptor location as well as nearest to the

downwind direction. The increment of GLCs for PM10 at other receptor location are found to

be lower than the monitored value, the possible reason may be because the other receptor

locations are far away from the proposed ferro alloy plant, which is the major source of PM10

emission.

The increment of GLCs for NOx, SO2 and PM2.5 are also found to be maximum at receptor

location of AQ-10 (at Silpahri), this may be because the proposed stacks are close to the

mentioned receptor location as well as nearest to the downwind direction. At other receptor

locations, the increment in GLCs for NOx, SO2 and PM2.5 are found to be practically

negligible as compared to their background levels, and therefore, the resultant post

operational NOx, SO2 PM2.5 levels and will remain around the existing level.

Referring to the background (monitored) ambient air quality, the mean baseline level when

added to the corresponding maximum predicted incremental GLC, the resultant levels of NOx,

SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 at different receptor locations are found to be well within their

permissible standard pertaining to residential and rural areas.


The impact during construction phase will be reversible, marginal and temporary in nature.

Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment will help in controlling the

gaseous emissions. Water sprinkling on roads and construction site will prevent fugitive dust.

Green belt development along the road side and in the plant premises will be useful in dust

suppression. Over loading of the trucks shall be avoided. Haulage roads, which are used for

transportation of material, should be maintained properly. Utmost care and regular inspection

schedule will be made to prevent any fugitive emission of dust during transportation of

material. People working in and around the dust generating area, will be provided with

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like dust mask to prevent inhalation of dust particles,

and use of the same will be strictly enforced during working hours.

During operation phase air pollution control equipments will be used, which are discussed in

detail in Chapter 8 (Environmental Management Plan). Paved roads will be laid to prevent

dust emission during vehicular movement. A thick greenbelt is also proposed, which will also

control the dust. Regular water sprinkling arrangement shall also be provided at the loading

and unloading areas. Workers working near the dust generating area will be provided with

dust masks, which will be made as mandatory to wear during working hours.

Mitigation Measures

Existing and the proposed stacks will comply with the applicable emission norms.

Adequate stack height will be provided as per norms.

Scrubbers will be provided to minimize the emissions and to maintain the emissions

within the prescribed limits.

Regular monitoring of emissions from all stacks and ambient air quality will be carried

out as per norms.



4.4 IMPACTS ON NOISE AND VIBRATION


Noise generated during the construction period from operation of machineries will be of short

term in nature, and it will be controlled by using machines equipped with silencers and

regular maintenance of the same. Similarly the vibrations produced during this phase will be

of low intensity, short term and of intermittent nature. This is not expected to cause

significant impact on the environment and residents around the site.


Operation of machineries and DG sets will result in generation of noise and vibration. The

vibration arising out of generator will have insignificant impact when compared to heavy

machineries. Movement of vehicles will also contribute to noise and vibration. Though, the

generated vibration will be insignificant.


Heavy machineries and DG sets will be operated during day time only. The machineries to be

used will be serviced and maintained to control generation of noise and vibration. Vehicles

used for transportation will be serviced regularly and maintained properly to avoid any

generation of unwanted noise.

Employees working in noisy environment will be made mandatory to wear ear muffs/ear

plugs to avoid any adverse impact of noise on them. Employees exposed to hand vibration

while handling/operating of heavy machineries will compulsorily wear anti vibration gloves

made up of viscoelastic material.

4.5 IMPACTS ON WATER ENVIRONMENT


About 50 KLD of water will be consumed during the construction phase, from which about

22 KLD of wastewater is estimated to be generated. If the wastewater is discharged without

prior treatment, it might lead to contamination of ground water.

4.5.2 Impacts during Operational Phase

Total water requirement for the project during its full fledged operation phase is estimated to

be 1500 KLD. Process effluent will be generated, which will be completely re-used for the

SSP production process. Hence, no industrial effluent will be discharged, which makes this

production process as Zero Discharge Production Process.

About 20 KLD of domestic wastewater is estimated to be generated during operation phase,

which if discharged without prior treatment, it might lead to contamination of ground water.


The sewage generated during the construction and operation phases will be collected in septic

tank and will be treated in vermiculture based sewage treatment plant. The treated effluent

will be reused for green belt development. The detail about the sewage treatment plant is

provided in Chapter 8 (Environmental Management Plan).



4.6 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The biological environment mainly consists of flora and fauna and its relationship with

surroundings. Biological environment includes species of native plants and animals.

4.6.1 Impacts during Construction and Operation Phase

The project site is devoid of any major vegetation cover and wild fauna, therefore, no

significant impact envisaged on biological environment. There are no rare or endangered

species of flora or fauna in the project site. No migratory route of any wild/avian fauna in the

project area is observed or recorded.


Green belt will be developed along the boundary of the plant units to improve the aesthetic of

the same. The details about the green belt development are given in Chapter 8

(Environmental Management Plan).

4.7 IMPACTS ON SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT


The project will not involve resettlement and rehabilitation, as the proposed project will be

located on already acquired barren land earmarked for industrial activity at Sirgitti Industrial

Area. The project might lead to improvement in the socio-economic environment of the

nearby area, as it will lead to generation of employment for the local people.


There are several other industrial activities that exist within the study area apart from the

proposed project. Preference will be given to local people while hiring employees for this

project. The project will lead to employment opportunities as well as ancillary business

opportunities; thereby will improve the economic condition of the area. Better economic

conditions of the people will also lead to increase in literacy rates. Thus the quality of life of

the local people will improve. Therefore, overall a positive impact is envisaged due to the

proposed project.

As preference will be given to the local people for job opportunities arising out of this project,

no major influx of outside people is envisaged due to this project. Therefore, project will not

have any major impact on the population growth of the area and thereby, related pressure on

available infrastructure.


As the project will result in beneficial impact to the local people by generating employment

opportunity, no specific mitigation measures are suggested.



ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORING PLAN

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

An environmental monitoring plan provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse

environmental impacts of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to

introduce standards of good practice to be adopted. An environmental monitoring plan is

important as it provides useful information and helps to:

Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and

thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures.

Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and environmental

monitors and provides means of effective communication of environmental issues

among them.

Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters.

Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the

Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in management

plan, if required.

From the monitoring point of view, the important parameters are water quality, air, noise,

flora and fauna. The suggested monitoring details are outlined in the following sections.

5.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Construction Phase:

Monitoring of air quality (PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx) will be carried out for three

representative locations in the construction area on monthly basis.

Operation Phase:

Air quality monitoring will be carried out at/near the three representative locations (near

stack, DG set) within 100 – 200 m of the project site, also one location at each of the

production units, in the storage area of the raw material and finished goods and packaging

area for finished goods. Monitoring of air quality (PM10, PM2.5, SO2 , HC, NH3, CO, VOC, F

and NOx) will be carried out for monthly basis.

5.3 NOISE MONITORING

Construction Phase:

In the construction phase, Day time and Night time equivalent noise level will be monitored at

three representative locations in the construction area.

Operation Phase:

In operation phase, Day time and Night time equivalent noise level will be monitored at three

5



locations within 100 – 200 m of the project site, one location at each of the production units

and near DG set. Monitoring will be carried out once in a month for a period of 24 h and at an

interval of one hour.

5.4 WATER QUALITY MONITORING

Construction Phase:

In construction phase ground water quality at two locations within the plant area will be

monitored every season as per the parameters given in IS 10500: 2012.

Operation Phase:

During operation phase, water quality will be monitored at the following locations. Physico-

chemical characteristics of the ground water (Three locations – two within plant area and

nearest well outside plant area) will be monitored once in every season. The parameters are to

be monitored as per IS 10500: 2012 drinking water standards.

The influent and effluent characteristics of the sewage treatment plant (STP) will be

monitored for parameters specified in ‘General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants Part-A: Effluents’: Schedule – VI of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986,

pertaining to irrigation on monthly basis.

The effluent treatment plant will be monitored on monthly basis for parameters specified in

‘General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants Part-A: Effluents’: Schedule –

VI of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, pertaining to irrigation on monthly basis.

The storm water drainage outlet will be monitored for parameters (once in monsoon season)

listed in IS 2296. Based on the quality of water, it will be classified as Class A (Drinking

water source without conventional treatment but after disinfection)/ Class B (Outdoor

bathing)/ Class C (Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by

disinfection)/ Class D (Fish culture and wild life propagation) / Class E (Fish culture and wild

life propagation). If the storm water meets the criteria of class A and B, it will be utilized for

rainwater harvesting. If it meets criteria of C, D and E, it will be treated in the STP, before re-

using it for green belt development.

5.5 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING

During the construction and operation phases, soil quality will be monitored in the green belt

and plant area (about three representative locations each), for pH, texture, nitrogen,

phosphorous, potassium and fluoride. This monitoring shall be done annually (non monsoon

period) and the results shall be shown to competent agriculture expert to assess the need for

remedial measures, if required. Condition of the planted plant species shall be recorded once

in two years by visual observations with respect to vegetative growth, flowering etc. This

need to be done as green belt development acts as pollution sink and bio indicators.

Afforestation will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem functionally stable and make

the micro climate more conducive.

5.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

The health of the employees who will be working in the unit will be monitored through

general periodical check up and also for respiratory ailments.



A summary of the Environmental Monitoring Plan for construction and operation phase is

given in Table 5.1 and 5.2 below:

Table 5.1: Environmental Monitoring (Construction Phase)


Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and

NOx

Monthly At major construction sites

(total 3 stations)


near generator set


CPCB






CPCB standards




Effluent from

STP

pH, BOD, COD, TSS,

TDS


Table 5.2: Environmental Monitoring (Operation Phase)


Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2, HC,

NH3, CO, VOC and

NOx


locations within 100 – 200 m

of the project site, two

locations within the plant near

the production units, storage

area for the raw material and

fertilizer, packaging area for

fertilizer.



project site, two locations





fertilizer.

Ground Water Parameters as per

CPCB standards

Thrice a

year

Storm water drainage area, two


BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur and

one in the nearest bore well.


TDS

Monthly Before and after treatment

from STP




ETP Parameters as per

CPCB standards

Monthly Before and after treatment

from ETP


texture, organic

matter, chloride, SAR,

CEC, nitrogen,

phosphorous, fluoride,

sulphur

Once in a

year




Occupational

Health

General and

respiratory ailments

check up

Once in a

year

-

5.7 BUDGET

The monitoring and evaluation process will require additional and at times, extensive surveys

and primary data collection, either to establish a base line or to measure changes. In order to

respond to evolving management needs, a contingency budget will be required-especially

where response will require capital works. Table 5.3 and 5.4 gives the details about the

budget required for environmental monitoring plan during construction and operation phases.

Table 5.3: Budget for Environmental Monitoring during Construction Phase (2Years)

Attribute Location &

frequency Parameters

Monitoring

cost per year

in INR

Total cost

in INR

Air At major construction

sites (Total 3 stations)

PM10, PM2.5, SO2

and NOx

samples @ INR

6000 per

station for 12

months =

2,16,000 / -

2,16,000

Noise At major construction

site and near generator

set

Equivalent noise

level

Samples @

INR 2000 per

station for 12

months

72,000

Water Storm water drainage

system, two ground

water location within

BEC Fertilizer

Bilaspur.

Parameters as per

CPCB standards

In house

facility will be

used

Soil Three locations

around the project site

within 200 m distance

from the unit.

Once in a year.

pH, moisture

content, texture,

organic matter,

chloride, SAR,

CEC, nitrogen,

phosphorous,

fluoride, sulphur

Samples @

INR 6000 per

station for one

time

18,000

STP Inlet and outlet of STP pH, BOD, COD,

TSS, TDS

Samples @

INR 5000 per

station for 12

1,20,000



Attribute Location &

frequency Parameters

Monitoring

cost per year

in INR

Total cost

in INR

months

Total Cost 4,26,000

Table 5.4: Budget for Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase

Attribute Location & frequency Parameters Monitoring cost

per year in INR

Total Cost

in INR

Air Stack, generator set,

three locations within

100 – 200 m of the

project site, two

locations within the

plant near the

production units,

storage area for the raw

material and fertilizer,

packaging area for

fertilizer.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2

, HC, NH3, CO,

VOC and NOx

4,00,000 4,00,000

Noise Generator set, three

locations within 100 –

200 m of the project

site, two locations


production units,

storage area for the raw

material and fertilizer,

packaging area for

fertilizer.

Equivalent noise

level

Samples @ INR

2000 per station

for 12 months

72,000

Water Storm water drainage

system, two ground

water location within


Parameters as

per CPCB

standards

In house facility

will be used

Soil Three locations around

the project site within

200 m distance from the

unit. Once in a year.

pH, moisture

content, texture,

organic matter,

chloride, SAR,

CEC, nitrogen,

phosphorous,

fluoride, sulphur

Samples @ INR

6000 per station

for one time

18,000

STP Before and after

treatment from STP

pH, BOD, COD,

TSS, TDS

Samples @ INR

5000 per station

for 12 months

1,20,000



Attribute Location & frequency Parameters Monitoring cost

per year in INR

Total Cost

in INR

ETP Before and after

treatment from ETP

Parameters as

per CPCB

standards

Samples @ INR

5000 per station

for 12 months

1,20,000

Occupatio

nal

Health

- General and

respiratory

ailments check

up

In house facility

will be used

Total Cost 7,30,000

A total amount of INR 11.56 Lakh is allotted for the compliance monitoring of

environmental quality during construction phase and operational phase which will be met

from the revenue budget.



PROJECT BENEFITS

6.1 PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed expansion project will lead to the following benefits:

Increase in production of fertilizer.

Increase in agricultural productivity due to application of fertilizer.

The project will result in the employment opportunities to the unskilled/skilled

local people.

Thereby, the quality of life of the employed people will increase.

To fulfil the scarcity of fertilizer in remote areas.

6



DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PLAN

7.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Disaster Management Plan for an Industrial unit is necessarily a combination of various

actions, which are to be taken in a very short time but in a pre-set sequence to deal effectively

and efficiently with any disaster emergency, major accident with an aim to keep the loss of

human life, material, plant/machinery etc. to the minimum. Creation and establishment of a

cell within the Industrial unit is a perquisite for an effective implementation of any disaster

management plan. The main functions of the Disaster Management Cell are to prepare a

detailed disaster management plan, which includes:

Identification of various types of expected disasters depending upon the type of the

industrial unit;

Identification of various groups, agencies, departments etc. necessary for dealing with a

specific disaster effectively;

Preparation - by intensive training - of relevant teams /groups within the organization to

deal with a specific disaster.

Establishment of an early detection system for the disasters.

Development of a reliable instant information/communication systems and

Organization and mobilization of all the concerned departments/ organizations/ groups

and agencies instantly when needed.

7.2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Occupational health needs attention both during construction, erection, operation and

maintenance phases. However, the problem varies both in magnitude and variety in the above

phases. To control any occupational health and safety impact a detailed planning for

mitigation measures has been done in the design stage of the project. Apart from the

occupational exposure mitigation plans for various activities and work areas of hazards,

following existing administrative control measures will be undertaken to ensure occupational

health and safety of the employees:

All employees will be trained for EHS policies and practices.

Periodic health check-up for employees.

All employees will be trained in first aid and emergency handling during fire breakout.

Preparation and training of the employees in safety and emergency preparedness.

Work permit system.

Compliance to PPE use.

Safety display sign board throughout the plant.

7



7.2.1 Construction

The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to accidents

during construction activities and noise. To overcome these hazards, in addition to

arrangements to reduce it within Threshold Limiting Values (TLV), required personal

protective equipment (PPE) like helmet, dust masks, ear muffs etc. will also be supplied to

workers.

7.2.2 Operation and Maintenance

Noise is the major occupational hazard during operation stage apart from chemical and

accidental hazards. Suitable personnel protective equipment will be given to employees. The

working personnel shall be given the following appropriate personnel protective equipments.

Industrial safety helmet.

Crash helmets.

Face shield with replacement acrylic vision.

Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on be-Lh ends.

Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue color glasses.

Welders equipment for eye and face protection.

Cylindrical type earplug.

Ear muffs.

Canister gas mask.

Self contained breathing apparatus.

Leather apron.

Safety belt/line man's safety belt.

Leather hand gloves.

Asbestos hand gloves.

Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm.

Electrical resistance hand gloves.

Industrial safety shoes with steel toe.

Electrical safety shoes without steel toe and gum boots.

First aid facility shall be made available round the clock for attending emergency in case of

any accidents, if any. All working personnel shall be medically examined at least once in

every six months and at the end of his term of employment.

7.2.3 Chemical Hazard

Elemental Sulphur, which will be used as raw material for sulphuric acid production will pose

hazard during its handling and storage. Sulphur is a flammable substance with a very low

ignition point of 190°C (Sulphur dust). The dust cloud can be ignited even by weak frictional

sparks. Dust laden with ≥ 25% elemental sulphur can result in explosion.

The burning sulphur will produce sulphur dioxide gas, which is an eye and respiratory irritant

and is toxic in nature.



Indoor storage of bulk sulphur should be provided whenever possible to minimize

loss/contamination of sulphur as well as formation of sulphur dust. Proper ventilation will

reduce the possibility of fires or explosions due to sulphur dust. The building should be

equipped with explosion vents and doors. A protective coating should be applied to all

exposed steel to combat corrosion.

One of the raw materials used in the SSP/GSSP production process is Sulphuric acid, which

shall be kept in an isolated storage area on RCC platform in HDPE drums, and proper sign of

danger shall be displayed there. Medical checkup shall be done regularly for the workers

working in the plant.

About 7250 MT of sulphuric acid is proposed to be stored in the plant premises. The

following measures will be taken up to ensure safety related sulphuric acid storage:

A separate storage yard will be installed near the factory premises with RCC platform.

The capacity of storage tank will be one and a half times of the quantity to be stored.

The storage tank will be made of Mild Steel with 316 Stainless Steel and also 1/8”

corrosion allowance will be included while designing the thickness of the tanks.

It will be lined with phenolic resin (Here site) to avoid corrosion.

It will be supported with raised RCC platforms.

Level indication system with high level alarm will be installed.

Emergency shut off valve will be provided nearer to the tank outlet nozzle.

Gas vent will be provided to allow hydrogen gas (produced during corrosion) to be

discharged into the atmosphere.

7.3 SAFETY PLAN

Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of prime

concern. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as

emergency plan. Possibility of disaster in the proposed plant is due to leakage of fuels,

chemical hazard, collapse of structures and fire/explosion etc.

Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and maintenance

phases, and the plant shall formulate safety policy with the following regulations:

To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe arid healthy conditions in working

environment.

To ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design,

construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machine all equipment.

To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees.

To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing

and to ensure their proper use.

To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work,

which are known to be potentially hazardous to health/safety.

To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary

changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and up to date

knowledge.



To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and

illness at work.

To provide appropriate instruction, training and supervision to employees in health and

safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters.

To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention methods and an appropriate fire

fighting service together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service.

To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and

incident involving personal injury or injury to health with a view of taking corrective,

remedial and preventive action.

To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the local language of

employees.

To prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/processes involved in the

project.

7.3.1 Safety Organization

Construction and Erection Phase

A qualified and experienced safety officer shall be appointed. The responsibilities of the

safety officer include identification of the hazardous conditions and train/advice the workers

on preventive actions, conduct safety audit, organize training programs and provide

professional expert advice on various issues related to occupational safety and health. He is

also responsible to ensure compliance of safety rules/ statutory provisions. In addition to

employment of safety officer, every contractor, who employs more than 250 workers, shall

also employ one safety officer to ensure safety of the worker.

Operation and Maintenance Phase

When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers shall be in accordance with

the requirement of Factories Act 1948 and their duties and responsibilities shall be as defined

there of.

7.3.2 Safety Circle

In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous

processes and improving safety and health, safety circles will be constituted in each area of

work. The circle will consist of 5-6 employees from that area. The circle normally shall meet

for about an hour every week.

7.3.3 Safety Training

A full fledged training center shall be set up at the plant. Safety training shall be provided by

the Safety Officers with the assistance of faculty members called from Corporate Center,

Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees, limited

contractor labors shall also be provided safety training. To create safety awareness safety

films shall be shown to workers.

7.3.4 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan

All the potential occupational hazardous work places such as fuel storage area, coal handling

area shall be monitored regularly. The health of employees working in these areas shall be

monitored once in six months for early detection of any ailment.



A medical care centre will be established with the following responsibilities:

1. Examination of workers’ health in relation to work.

2. Surveillance of working environments.

3. Identification and evaluation of environmental factors which may affect the workers

health.

4. Assessment of conditions of occupational workers’ health through Liver Function Test

during pre-placement of workers.

5. Observance of safety norms and reduce/eliminate exposure to hazardous environment.

Company will take up monitoring activities periodically to assess hazards due to gases, dusts,

vibrations, radiations etc.

7.4 KEY PERSONNEL

Apart from Works Incident Controller and Chief Incident Controller, other works personnel

will have key role to play in providing advice and in implementing the decisions made by the

Chief Incident Controller. The key personnel include:

A. Sr. Supdts. /Engineer-in-charge responsible for

• Operation.

• Electrical Maintenance.

• Mechanical maintenance.

• C&I.

• Chemical.

B. Head of Personnel and Officers connected with IR and Labour Welfare.

C. Head (Technical Service).

7.5 EMERGENCY PLANNING FOR DISASTER DUE TO FIRE

Fuel storage, cable rooms, transformer unit, auxiliary transformers, oil tanks, fuel bunkers

including all conveyor lines etc., within the plant are the likely areas for which plan is

outlined to deal with any eventuality of fire. Stores, workshop, canteen and administration

building have also been included.

7.5.1 Classification of Fires

The various classes of fire and required fire fighting material/equipment as per National Fire

Protection Association (NFPA) are given in Table 7.1. Class D fire is not anticipated in the

proposed project, as no combustible/inflammable metals/e are used

Table 7.1: Classes of Fire as per National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Class of Fire Type of Fire Fire Fighting

Material/Equipment

A Ordinary combustible materials such as wood,

cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics

Water

B Liquids or liquefiable solids. Fires in

flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil based

Foam



Class of Fire Type of Fire Fire Fighting

Material/Equipment

paints, lacquers, etc.

C Flammable gases such as methane, natural gas,

acetylene, etc.

Dry chemical powder

extinguisher

D Fires involving metals, including magnesium,

zirconium, sodium, lithium, potassium, etc.

Steam, dry chemical

powder extinguisher

Some precautions and remedial measures to prevent fires are:

Compartmentation of cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable passages

and crevices in all directions, this will help in localizing and identifying the area of

occurrence of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual fire fighting

operations;

Spread of fire in horizontal direction will be checked by providing fire stops for cable

shafts;

Use of reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and

interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries.

Housekeeping of high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and regular fire

watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting.

7.5.2 Equipment System Dealing with Fuel Handling

The whole system dealing with fuel handling can be summarized as follows.

A wagon tripper for unloading transported coal from the racks/trucks:

Coke is unloaded into ground level hopper(s) from where it is transported to pre blending

stock pile through belt conveyors;

Fuel is reclaimed for the above stock pile and is transported to the raw coal hopper for

vertical mill by a set of belt conveyors;

For collection of the pulverized fuel as well as venting the mill, a high efficiency bag

filter has been provided; and

The fine coal from the hoppers is sent to Kiln firing by a set of pumps.

Water sprinklers will be provided for the stockpile at the unloading point to prevent fire.

Pull cords and emergency switches will be provided all along the conveyor belt to avoid

the spreading of fire.

7.5.3 Need for a Fire Fighting Group

A small spark of fire may result in loss of machines, conveyors etc. This type of loss can be

avoided by preventing and controlling the fire instantly for which fire fighting group shall be

established.

7.5.4 Fire Fighting with Water

Adequate and reliable arrangement is required for fire fighting with water such as:

Identification of source of water and equipping with pumps;



Arrangement of pipe lines along and around vulnerable areas;

Alternative water supply arrangements to divert the water from one set of pipe lines

(connected to another source) to connect to other source.

Provisions of valves at appropriate points to enable supply of water at the required

place/area or divert the same to another direction/pipe line.

Each source of water shall be equipped with one standby diesel driver, pump to serve in

case of power failure.

7.6 WATER LINE ARRANGEMENT

Water lines shall be provided at fuel handling area along with the conveyors and around the

stockyards, transformers, oil tanks, coal crusher house etc. Water lines shall also be provided

around other infrastructures in the plant like administration building, canteen, stores and other

plant equipments. The system shall be designed in conformity with the recommendations of

the Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) of Insurance Association of India. A reserve water

level shall be maintained in the sump as per TAC requirements.

Hydrant system feed pressurized water to hydrant valves shall be located throughout the plant

and also at strategic locations. The water pressure shall be maintained at 6 to 8 kg/cm2 in

these lines. By operating on few of the valves water pressure can be increased at one

particular place. There are two types of valves: Non-return valves shall be provided to allow

only unidirectional flow of water and gate valves shall be provided for closing or opening the

water supply. An adequate number of gate valves shall be provided at appropriate points to

tap water to deal with fire if it breaks out at any point of the plant.

7.6.1 Fire Fighting with Fire Extinguishers

To deal with fires - other than carbonaceous fires (Class A), which can be extinguished with

water, suitable fire extinguishers are required. Adequate numbers of fire stations within the

plant are to be established with the following types of equipments and arrangements:

Soda Acid Fire Extinguishers;

CO2 Extinguishers;

Dry Powder Chemical Extinguishers;

Foam Extinguishers;

Fire Buckets; and

50-mm spray hoses up to 150-m length.

Appropriate types of fire extinguishers shall also be provided at conveyor drive heads, crusher

house, control rooms, in machines like stacker & declaimer, electrical yard, sub-station and

other infrastructure facilities within the premises.

In the transformer yard; automatic fire detecting and quenching system shall be provided for

each transformer. This system comes into operation whenever the temperature of surrounding

air exceeds 80°C and sprays water over the transformer to prevent spreading of fire and

quenches the same.



In order to avoid fire in cable galleries, all the power and control cables of FRLS type (Fire

Resistant Low Smoke) shall be used. In addition, fire detecting and Fire Alarm Systems shall

be installed in the cable galleries.

7.6.2 Inspection

Fire alarm panel (electrical) shall cover the entire plant. Fire Extinguishers in Fire

Stations and machines and other places shall be periodically inspected by the inspection

group;

The temperature of the coal stack shall be regularly measured and recorded. If the

temperature exceeds 80°C, water quenching shall be carried out;

Emergency telephone numbers shall be displayed at vital points by the groups;

General inspection for fire shall be regularly carried out by the group.

7.6.3 Procedure for Extinguishing Fire

The following steps shall be taken during a Fire Accident in the system:

As soon as the message is received about fire, one of the spray groups in the system

shall be diverted to the place of the fire accident along with a staff member.

Simultaneously plant Fire Station shall be informed.

Nearby fire stations are also to be informed by phone.

Meanwhile, the pipe system (water) shall be operated to obtain maximum pressure and

output.

In case cables are within the reach of fire, power supply shall be tripped and the cables

are to be shifted.

Further, other spray/fire groups from the system shall be diverted to the spot.

7.6.4 Specific Emergencies Anticipated

Fire consequences can be disastrous, since they involve huge quantities of fuel either stored or

in dynamic inventory in pipe lines or in nearby areas. Toxic releases can affect persons

working around. Preliminary hazard analysis has provided a basis for consequence estimation.

Estimation can be made using various pool fires, tank fire consequence calculations. During

the study of Risk Assessment, the natures of damages are worked out and probabilities of

occurrence of such hazards are also drawn up.

7.6.5 Emergency Action Plan

The emergency action plan consists of:

First information.

Responsibilities of Work Incident Controller.

Responsibilities of Chief Incident Controller.

Responsibilities for Declaration of Emergency.

Responsibilities for Emergency Communication Officer.

Responsibilities of key personnel.



Responsibilities and action to be taken by essential staff and various teams during

emergency.

Responsibilities for All Clear Signal.

7.6.6 First Information

The first person who observes/identities the emergencies shall inform by shouting/ by

telephone to the Shift Engineer and Fire Station about the hazard. The Shift Engineer will

inform the Work Incident Controller, Chief Incident Controller and also to the Telephone

Operator, who shall communicate it to all key personnel.

7.6.7 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency

During an emergency, it becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an emergency

warning is raised, the workers, if they are in charge of process equipment shall adopt safe and

emergency shut down and attend any prescribed duty as essential employee. If no such

responsibility is assigned, he will adopt a safe course to assembly point and await

instructions. He will not resort to spread panic. On the other hand, he must assist emergency

personnel towards objectives of DMP.

7.7 EMERGENCY FACILITIES

7.7.1 Emergency Control Center (ECC)

For the time being Office Block is identified as Emergency Control Center. It will have

external Telephone and Fax facility. The Site Controller/ Incident Controller Officers, Senior

Personnel will be located here. Also, it will be an elevated place. The following information

and equipment are to be provided at the Emergency Control Center (ECC).

Intercom, telephone.

P and T telephone.

Safe contained breathing apparatus.

Fire suit/gas tight goggles/gloves/helmets.

Hand tools, wind direction/velocities indications.

Public address megaphone, hand bell, telephone directories.

(Internal, P and T) factory layout and site plan.

Emergency lamp/torch light/batteries.

Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, plant control room, sources of safety

equipment, work road plan, assembly points, and rescue location vulnerable zones.

Escape routes.

Hazard chart.

Nominal roll of employees.

List of key personnel, list of essential employees, list of Emergency Co-coordinators.

Duties of key personnel.

Address with telephone numbers and key personnel, emergency coordinator. Essential

employees.



Important address and telephone numbers including Government agencies. Neighboring

industries and sources of help, outside experts, chemical fact sheets population details

around the factory.

7.7.2 Fire Fighting Facilities

First Aid Fire fighting equipment suitable for emergency shall be kept in each section in the

plant. This will be as per statutory requirements as well as TAC Regulations. However, fire

hydrant line covering major areas will be laid. It will be maintained as 6 kg/cm2 pressure. Fire

alarms will be located in the bulk storage areas. On the top of the Administration block, top of

each production blocks, wind socks will be installed to indicate direction of wind for

emergency escape.

7.7.3 Emergency Medical Facilities

Stretchers, gas masks and general first aid materials for dealing with chemical burns, fire

burns etc. will be maintained in the medical center as well as in the emergency control room.

Private medical practitioners help will be sought. Government hospital will be approached for

emergency help. Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment will be

provided arid maintained. In this regard, help of nearby industrial managements will take on

mutual support basis.

An ambulance with driver availability in ail is arranged, emergency shift vehicle will be

ensured and maintained to transport injured or affected persons. Number of persons will be

trained in first aid so that, in every shift first aid personnel will be available.

7.8 EMERGENCY ACTIONS

7.8.1 Emergency Warning

Communication of emergency will be made familiar to the personnel inside the plant and

people outside. An emergency warning system will be established.

7.8.2 Emergency Shutdown

There are number of facilities, which can be provided to help deal with hazardous conditions.

Under this situation the supply of the fuel is to be disconnected immediately. Whether a given

method is appropriate depends on the particular case. Cessation of agitation will be the best

action in some instances. Stopping of the feed may require the provision of by pass

arrangements.

7.8.3 Evacuation of Personnel

There can be more number of persons in the storage area and other areas in the vicinity. The

area will have adequate number of exits, stair cases. In the event of an emergency,

unconnected personnel have to escape to assembly point. Operators have to take emergency

shutdown procedure and escape. Time Office maintains a copy of deployment of employees

in each shift, at ECC. If necessary, persons can be evacuated by rescue teams. Also, at the

end of an emergency, after discussing with incident Controllers and Emergency

Co-coordinators, the Site Controller orders an all clear signal. When it becomes essential, the

Site Controller communicates to the District Emergency Authority, Police, and Fire Service

personnel regarding help required or development of the situation into an Off-Site

Emergency.



7.9 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN

The task of preparing the Off-Site Emergency Plan lies with the district collector; however,

the off-site plan will be prepared with the help of the local district authorities. The proposed

plan will be based on the following guidelines. An early decision will be required in many

cases on the advice to be given to people living "within range" of the accident - in particular

whether they shall be evacuated or told to go indoors. In the latter case, the decision can

regularly be reviewed in the even, of an escalation of the incident. Consideration of

evacuation may include the following factors:

In the case of a major fire but without explosion risk (e.g. in oil storage tank), only

houses close to the fire are likely to need evacuation, although a severe smoke hazard

may require this to be reviewed periodically;

If a fire is escalating and in turn threatening a store of hazardous material, it might be

necessary to evacuate people nearby, but only if there is time; if insufficient time exists,

people shall be advised to stay indoors and shield them selves from the fire. This latter

case particularly applies, if the installation at risk can produce a fireball with vary

severe thermal radiation effects (e.g. LPG storage);

7.10 ROLE OF THE EMERGENCY CO-ORDINATION OFFICER

The various emergency services shall be co-ordinated by an Emergency Coordinating Officer

(ECO), who will be designated by the district collector. The ECO shall liaise closely with the

site main controller. Again depending on local arrangements, for very severe incidents with

major or prolonged off-site consequences, the external control shall be passed to a senior local

authority administrator or even an administrator appointed by the central or state government.

7.10.1 Role of the Local Authority

The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authorities. The emergency planning

officer (EPO) appointed shall carry out his duty in preparing for a whole range of different

emergencies within the local authority area. The EPO shall liaise to obtain the information to

provide the basis for the plan. This liaison shall ensure that the plan is continually kept up to

date.

It will be the responsibility of the EPO to ensure that all those organizations, which will be

involved off site in, handling the emergency, know of their role and are able to accept it by

having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to cover their particular

responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans shall be organized by the EPO.

7.10.2 Role of Police

Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and property and

controlling traffic movements. Their functions shall include controlling bystanders,

evacuating the public, identifying the dead and dealing with casualties, and informing

relatives of death or injury.

7.10.3 Role of Fire Authorities

The control of a fire shall be normally the responsibility of the senior fire brigade officer who

will take over the handling of the fire from the site incident controller on arrival at the site.

The senior fire brigade officer shall also have a similar responsibility for other events, such as



explosions and toxic release. Fire authorities in the region shall be apprised about the location

of all stores of flammable materials, water and foam supply points, and fire-fighting

equipment. They shall be involved in on-site emergency rehearsals both as participants and,

on occasion, as observers of exercises involving only site personnel.

7.11 RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY PERSONNEL

• Department Heads

The departmental heads will provide assistance as required by the workers. They will decide

which members of their departments are required at the incident site.

• Chief Personnel Manager

a) He will Report to Work Incident Controller

b) Ensure that ail non-essential workers in the affected areas are evacuated to assembly

points in consultation with the Chief Incident Controller.

c) Receive reports from nominated persons from assembly points, and pass on the absence

to information services

d) Keep liaison with other coordinators to meet the requirements of services such as

materials, security management, transportation, medical, canteen facilities etc. as

required during emergency.

e) Be in constant touch with the Chief Incident Controller and feed him correct

information of the situation

f) Give information to press, public and authorities concerned on instructions from the

CIC/WIC.

g) Ensure that casualties receive adequate attention at medical center and arrange required

additional help and inform relatives of the injured

h) Arrange to inform public on Radio and TV about evacuation etc.

i) Arrange TV coverage on handling emergency.

• In Charge

On knowing about an emergency, he will report to CIC and assist him in ail activities. He will

also be in liaison with all teams.

• Medical Officer

Medical Officer will render medical treatment to the injured and if necessary will shift the

injured to nearby Hospitals. He will mobilize extra medical help from outside if necessary.

• Head of Safety

On hearing the emergency alarm, he will proceed to the site. He will

A. make sure that all safety equipments are made available to the emergency teams.

B. participate in rescue operations.

C. co-ordinate to transfer the injured persons to medical center and arrange for first aid.



D. Keep in contact with ECO and the WIC and advice them on the condition of injured

persons.

• Security Officer

On hearing the Emergency alarm he will proceed to main entrance/main gate.

1) arrange to control the traffic at the gate and the incident area

2) direct the security staff to the incident site to take part in emergency operations under

his guidance and supervision

3) Evacuate the persons in the plant or in the nearby areas as advised by WIC after

arranging the transport through the Transport in-charge.

4) Allow only those people inside who are associated with handling emergency.

5) Maintain law and order in the area, if necessary seek the help of police

6) Maintain communication with CIC/WIC and ECO.

• Transport Engineer in Charge

On hearing the emergency alarm he will immediately report to Work incident Controller He

will:

A. Ensure availability of vehicles for evacuation or other duties, when asked for.

B. Make all arrangements regarding transportation.

7.11.1 Assembly Point

Assembly points depending upon the need and suitability will be identified wherein;

employees who are not directly connected with the disaster management will be assembled

for safety and rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus, minimum facilities like water etc. will

be provided. Depending upon the location of hazard, the assembly points are to be used.

7.11.2 Emergency Power Supply

Plant facilities will be connected to emergency power supply and will be placed in auto mode.

Thus water pumps, plant lighting and emergency control center, administrative building and

other auxiliary services will be connected to emergency power supply. In all the blocks flame

proof type emergency lamps will be provided.

7.12 OTHERS

7.12.1 Employee Information

During an emergency, employees will be warned by raising siren in specific pattern.

Employees will be given training about escape routes, shelter area, and protection from toxic

effects. Employees will be provided with information related to fire hazards, antidotes and

first aid measures. Key personnel and essential employees shall be given training in

emergency response.

7.12.2 Public Information and Warning

The industrial disaster effects related to this plant may mostly be confined to the plant area.

Detailed risk analysis has indicated that the effects will not be felt outside. However, as an

abundant precaution, the information related to chemicals in use will be furnished to District

Emergency Authority for necessary action during an offsite emergency.



7.12.3 Co-ordination with Local Authorities

Keeping in view of the nature of emergency, two levels of coordination are proposed. In the

case of an On Site Emergency, resources within the organization will be mobilized and in the

event extreme emergency local authority’s help shall be sought.

In the event of an emergency developing into an off site emergency, local authority and

District Emergency Authority (normally the Collector) will be appraised and under his

supervision, the Off Site Disaster Management Plan will be exercised. For this purpose, the

facilities that are available locally, i.e. medical, transport, personnel, rescue accommodation,

voluntary organizations etc. will be mustered. Necessary rehearsals and training in the form of

mock drills shall be organized.

7.12.4 Mock Drills

Emergency preparedness is an important aspect in the planning of Industrial Disaster

Management. Personnel will be trained suitably and prepared mentally and physically in

emergency response through carefully planned, simulated procedures. Similarly, the key

personnel and essential personnel shall be trained.

7.12.5 Important Information

During the operation stage, important information such as names and addresses of key

personnel, essential employees, medical personnel, transporter’s address, address of those

connected with Off Site Emergency such as Police, Local Authorities, Fire Services and

District Emergency Authority shall be gathered, listed and maintained.



ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 STRUCTURE OF EMP

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure a safe and clean environment.

The desired results from the environmental mitigation measures proposed in the project may

not be obtained without a management plan to assure its proper implementation and function.

The EMP envisages the plans for the proper implementation of mitigation measures to reduce

the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities. EMP has been prepared addressing

the issues like:

Pollution control/mitigation measures for abatement for the undesirable impacts caused

during the construction and operation stages.

Details of management plans (Landscape plan, storm water management plan, sewage

management plan, effluent management plan, hazardous waste management plan etc.).

Institutional set up identified/recommended for implementation of the EMP.

Post project environmental monitoring programme to be undertaken (Chapter 5).

Expenditures for environmental protection measures and budget for EMP.

8.2 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES

The details of the impacts resulting due to different activities during construction and operation

phases are given in Chapter 4. Based on these mitigation measures Environmental Management

Plan (EMP) is drafted. The environmental mitigation measures for construction and operation

phases are briefly listed in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1: Proposed Environmental Mitigation Measures


Construction Phase

1. Air Generation of Dust, CO2,

SOX, NOx

(Short term for a period of

6 months and Local)

Covering of construction material

with sheets while transportation and

storage.

Use of water sprinklers.

Personal Protective equipment for

labours.


industrial complex. No impact on

general public.

2. Noise and


levels due to movement

of vehicles and

construction activities.

Vibration due to

movement of vehicles

and construction


machines and vehicles to control

noise.

Personal protective equipments for

labours.

The impact due to vibration will be

insignificant.

8




activities.

(Short term for a period

of 6 months and Local)



general public.

3. Water Water pollution due to

disposal of sewage will

be curtailed with the

existing sewage

treatment plant.

(Short term,

Minor, Local)


construction site as well as labour

colony.

Treatment of sewage. Sewage of

approx. 40 KLD to be generated in

proposed expansion.

4. Land Removal of top soil and

change in soil quality.

Soil pollution due to

discharge of sewage and

solid waste onto land

will be curtailed with

the existing sewage

treatment plant.

No change in Land use

pattern as project site is

inside the existing

industrial complex.

(Minor and Local)

Use of removed soil for landscaping

purposes, improving aesthetics.

Sanitation facilities in the

construction site as well as labour

camps.

Treatment and disposal of sewage

and solid waste as per Chhattisgarh

State Pollution Control Board

guidelines.

5. Biological

Flora

Fauna

Disturbance due to

increase in noise.


Local)


6. Socio-

Economic

Employment of

construction workers

(Direct, Positive)

People from the study area to be

employed as far as possible

7. Occupational

Health and

Safety

Auditory ailment due to

noise will be prevented.

Dust emission


Local)

The use of personal protective

equipments will be made stringent.

Water sprinkling system for dust

generating area.

Operation Phase

1. Air Increase in the air

pollutant concentration

will be addressed using

cyclonic Separators and

Venturi scrubbers

Dust generation


as raw materials




plant (Direct, Local,

sustainable)

Use of cyclonic Separators and

Venturi scrubbers to control dust and

fugitive emissions within the limits of

Chhattisgarh State Pollution Control

Board.


labours.

Strict implementation of Hazardous

Waste Rules Act 1989, while

storage/handling/transportation of

hazardous substances.

Regular monitoring of emissions.

2. Noise and


levels will be minimised

by using Equipments

Equipments with noise level below

80db only will be used.





with noise level below

80db

Vibration during

operation of

manufacturing unit.

(Direct, Minor

,Local, sustainable)

machines to control noise.


employees like anti vibration gloves

and ear plugs.



general public.

3. Water Insignificant on

groundwater.

Degradation of quality

due to discharge of

sewage and untreated

water will be prevented.

Discharge of effluent

from the manufacturing

unit.

(Indirect, Negative,

Minor, Local,

sustainable)


plant area.

Treatment of wastewater

The effluent generated from the

manufacturing unit will be reused for

dilution of phosphoric and sulphuric

acids. There will be no generation of

effluent from the proposed project.

Hence, no specific mitigation

measures are proposed with respect

to this. Effluent discharge, if any due

to unforeseen circumstances or

process upset shall be treated in the

ETP with a capacity of 100 m3/day

Existing capacity utilisation is only

30 m3/day.

4. Land Pollution due to

discharge of sewage

waste will be prevented.

Dust generation


as raw materials




plant (Direct, Negative,

Minor , Local,

sustainable)


plant area.



guidelines of Chattisgarh State

Pollution Control Board

5. Biological

Flora

Fauna

Disturbance due to

increase in noise.

(Minor, Direct, Local

,sustainable)

Operational activities of heavy

machineries and transportation only

in daytime.


6. Socio-

Economic

Employment to local

people

(Positive, Local)

Proper sanitation facilities within

plant area.



guidelines.

Proper handling and management of

hazardous material as per the

Hazardous waste (Management and

Handling) Rules.

7. Occupational

Health and

Safety

Auditory ailment due to

noise generated from

the production unit will

be minimised by using

Equipments with noise

level below 80db

Accidents due to

Equipments with noise level below

80db only will be used.

Wearing of personal protective

equipments like gas masks, ear muffs

etc. will be strictly enforced.

Training/awareness programme about

the handling / storage / transportation




handling/storage/

transportation of

hazardous materials.

(Local and

sustainable)

of hazardous materials.

Signages showing the hazardous

nature and the method of handling

near storage / handling area of all the

hazardous materials.

First aid training for chemical /fire

hazard related accidents.

8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS

8.3.1 Air Pollution Management Plan

The major pollutants emitted from SSP/GSSP/SA plants are Particulate Matter (PM10/PM2.5),

Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Fluorine (F). The major sources of

pollutants are vehicular movement, crushing, screening and in mixing chamber, where rock

phosphate reacts with sulphuric acid to for SSP.

During the ambient air quality monitoring, it is observed that the baseline concentration of air

pollutants, namely PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, NH3, HC, and VOC is well below the

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), 2009.

It is anticipated that the plant activity will not cause any adverse effect on the existing

baseline status. Fugitive emissions will be controlled with the following recommended

measures:

Development of green belt in the plant area.

Use of water sprinkling system in haulage roads for dust suppression.

Over loading shall be avoided during crushing.

Proper maintenance of haulage roads, which are being used for transportation of material.

In addition to the above, the following additional measures are also recommended. :

Dust mask will be provided to all workers working in dust generating area.

Spread of dust from ball mill will be controlled with the help of enclosures.

Overloading of trucks will be avoided.

Utmost care and regular inspection schedule will be carried out to prevent any fugitive

emission of dust during manufacturing process and transportation of material from one

place to another.

Air Pollution Control Equipments

The following air control equipments will be installed to control the emission of air

pollutants.

a. Rock Phosphate Grinding Unit of SSP Plant

Cyclone and Dust Collection Filter Bag assembly would be installed to arrest the fine dust

particles from the air, before venting it to the atmosphere through 40 m high stack. The

particulate matter in the emitted air will be within the permissible limits of NAAQS, 2009.



b. Mixer / Den Unit of SSP Plant

The air laden with Fluorine gas, emitted from the reaction of rock phosphate and sulphuric

acid, will be sucked from Den / Mixer and scrubbed with water in four stage Venturi

scrubber, to absorb fluorine bearing gases in the scrubbers.

c. Dryer Drum and Cooler of GSSP Plant

The hot air from dryer drum and atmospheric air from Cooler drum will be sucked and passed

through Multi Clones and Cyclones to arrest the fine dust particles before venting to

atmosphere through 30 meters high stack. The clean air emissions shall be well within the

permissible limits as per Chattisgarh Environment Conservation Board norms.

d. Sulphuric Acid Plant

After double conversion and double absorption the air with remaining SO2 & acid mist traces

is discharge into the atmosphere through the 50 m high stack keeping SO2 and acid mist well

within the permissible limits given by CPCB / CSPCB. The alkalis scrubber is installed to

neutralize the SO2 gases during the plants start up and plant cooling periods. Schematic

diagram of Air Pollution Control System is given in the Figure 8.1 below.

Figure 8.1: Flow Chart for Air Pollution Control System.

8.3.2 Water Environment

The effluent from the SSP manufacturing process will be completely recycled into the

production. Wastewater from cooling towers, boiler blow down and RO plant of Sulphuric

Acid plant shall be recycled and utilized fully in the SSP/TSP plants for processing. The

proposed SSP production process is a Zero Discharge Process.

The effluent water from Sulphuric acid plant along with floor washing flows into common

water collection tank. It then passes into oil and grease trapping area. Thereafter, the

wastewater is pumped into equalization tank cum neutralization tank I. Lime slurry is added

to increase the pH. From equalization tank I it moves into equalization tank II where thorough

mixing is done and then it finally moves into centrifuge settler where solid part settles down

at the bottom and water part is collected and later treated with Sodium carbonate to neutralize

Dust from cooler & other

sections

Cyclone

Cooler Scrubber

Knock Out Chamber

Dust from dryer

Cyclone

Dryer scrubber

Knock Out Chamber

Fumes from pre-

neutralizer/ granulator

Recycled wastewater from

knock out chamber

Alkali scrubber Sump Tank

Released into the atmosphere



Flurosilicic acid and then used in irrigation/plantation. Settled solid part is removed and

stored in the waste disposal area.

8.3.3 Noise Environment

There are three major categories of noise source in process Noise exposure level will be

maintained within 90 dB (A) in the work zone (for 8 hours exposure). The main sources of

noise in plant activity are crushing, screening, material handling machinery, loading

equipment, etc. and noise level are expected to increase at work zone with commencement of

project and other allied activities. The following precautionary measures shall be taken to

control noise pollution:

1. Earmuffs, ear plugs, etc. will be provided to workers when the noise levels exceed 85 dB

(A).

2. Although the use of machinery in the plant is less, but silencers and enclosures are

incorporated for equipments, which emit high noise levels.

3. Regular maintenance shall be carried out for equipments and various machinery.

4. Plantation shall be carried out.

8.3.4 Rainwater Harvesting System

Rain water harvesting is the scientific methods to collect the rain water in engineering pits,

which will lead to recharging of ground water. Artificial recharge to ground water is the

process of augmenting the ground water resources at a rate exceeding that under natural

conditions of replenishment.

There will be generation of surface run-off from the proposed plant facility during monsoon

season. The run-off from the built-up areas will be routed through a carefully designed storm

water drainage network and collected in storm water collection sump and excess rainwater

will be discharged to bore wells constructed on these internal drains. The size and the

locations of rainwater harvesting pits will be decided during detailed engineering of the

project.

Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting

The roof top of the plant area, raw material storage area, finished goods area and office

building will be used as roof catchments for the rain fall falling on the roof. Considering the

losses and the fact that the first rainfall shower is not to be used for recharging of ground

water only 85% of the rainfall falling on the roof top can be harvested.



Figure: 8.2 Rain water Harvesting System.



Figure 8.3: Proposed Rain Water Harvesting System

The roof top rainwater harvesting structures (Recharge wells Bore wells/Dug well) proposed to

be constructed can be as shown in Figure 8.3. The diagrammatic representation of rain Water

harvesting system of the existing unit is shown in Figure 8.2

8.3.5 Storm Water Management Plan

The plant water management system will be designed to minimise the potential for storm

water contamination occurring at the site. This will be achieved by incorporating the

following features into the storm water management system:

- Run-off from upstream areas will be diverted around the plant site;

- The quantity of contaminated run-off generated will be minimized by diverting run-off

from areas external to the plant to storm water discharge points;

- Hazardous material and fuel storage areas will be bounded and drains will be provided to

around these facilities to prevent entering the run-off water;

- The initial rainwater will be treated and then used in process; and

- Run-off from area external to process areas of the plant will be contained within a storage

system.



8.3.6 Sewage Management Plan

Around 40 KLD of sewage is expected to be generated during the operation phases. The

generated sewage will be collected in septic tanks followed by soak pits.

Sewage Treatment Process: The sewage is generally treated in the oxidation pond to stabilize

the decomposable matter. The velocity of the effluent through the pond will be very low

which will lead to the settlement o the suspended materials. After stabilization in the primary

pond which is divided into the two zones, the effluent overflows to the secondary pond and

from there it gets discharged into the drains.

The overflow of the primary pond is harmless so the levels should be regularly monitored.

When the primary pond is filled with sludge, the flow should be stopped and left for drying.

When it gets dry, the residue can be removed and be utilized as the fertilizers. Proposed

Sewage Treatment Process is given in Figure 8.4.



Figure 8.4: Sewage Treatment Plant Process

8.3.7 Effluent Management Plan

The wastewater around 100 m3/day generated during the maintenance of the expansion unit

will be treated in the ETP. Hydrofluorosilic acid produced in scrubbing of fluorine gas will be

used for acidulation of rock phosphate and balance will be used in manufacture of SSF with

soda ash.

All the effluent water from cooling towers bleed, boiler blow down and RO plant of Sulphuric

Acid plant shall be recycled and utilized fully in the SSP/TSP plants for processing.

The effluent water from Sulphuric acid plant, SSP/TSP along with floor washing flows into

common water collection tank. It then passes into oil and grease trapping area. Thereafter, the

waste water is pumped into equalization tank cum neutralizer tank I. Lime slurry is added to

increase the pH. From equalization tank I it moves into equalization tank II where through

mixing is done and then it finally moves into centrifuge settler where solid part settles down

at the bottom and water part is collected and later treated to be used in irrigation/plantation.

Settled solid part is removed and stored in the waste disposal area.ETP flow diagram is shown

in Figure 8.5

Small Manhole Chamber

Oxidation Pond

Dry Well cum Pump House

CI Grating Chamber

Main Sewer Line

Wet Well

Discharge into the Drain

Stabilization

Sewage/ Spent Water

Sludge

Used as Fertilizer

after Drying



8.3.8 Solid Waste Management Plan

Sludge from ETP will be used for manures after treatment or stored in lagoons. The sulphur

sludge generated from the sulphuric acid plant will mostly be used as filler in the SSP Plant

since sulphur is secondary nutrient to alleviate the nutrient the sulphur deficiency in Indian

soils. Silica generated in scrubbing of fluorine during the formation of hydro fluorosilicic acid

will be used as filler and also will be used as additive in SSP.

Empty, drums, containers etc. will be washed thoroughly with suitable solvent before selling

them to Government authorized recyclers. The wash water will be give treatment to meet the

regulatory requirements before discharging into water body.

8.3.9 Hazardous Waste Management Plan

The possible hazardous, waste which will be generated from the proposed unit is the

used/spent oil from generator sets which has been classified as hazardous under Hazardous

Waste Category 5.1 as per Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Amendment

Rules, 2003. The used oil will be collected in a shock proof, puncture proof, tear and wear

proof as well as air tight barrels of 200 l capacity. Every year it will be disposed off through

Government authorized used/spent oil recyclers.

8.3.10 Green Belt Development

The BEC Plant area already has a green cover of 18.35 acres around the project site. It

recommended developing a green belt area around the proposed expansion unit as demarcated

in the layout map.

Green Belt Details inside the Plant Area

Sl. No. Location Area Name of Plants

1. Near ADM, road slop and canteen side Neem

2. Plant area Sisu

3. North and east side of factory Karanj

4. Forest area in south side Akesia

5. Plantation at west side near boundary wall Eucalyptus

6. Road slope and Forest area near Muck yard Jamun

7. Road slope and near boundary wall north side Behara

8. Road slope and south side near final point Paras Pipal

9. Opposite Canteen and Road side Satwan

10. ADM front garden and road side Battal Pom

11. Near VIP garden road side & near time office Ashoka

12. Road side area at centre avenue Babul

13. Near ADM barrack area Teak

14. Near Weigh Bridge Arjun

8.3.11 Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)

The compliance to the Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection

(CREP) for Fertilizer industries proposed by the Central Pollution Control



Waste Water from SAP, SSP/TSP, SSF

Lime Powder Water

Domestic

Floor Washing

Figure 8.5: Flow Diagrams for Effluent Treatment Plant

Water Collection

Tank

Oil and Grease

Equalization cum

Neutralizer Tank I

Alkaline/Lime

Solution Tank

Equalization cum

Neutralizer Tank II

Centrifuge

/Settler

Treated clean water to

Irrigation/Plantation Drying Bed

Solid Waste

Disposal to SSP

Plant as Modifier

Waste

Oil Collection

Tank

Sand Pit



Board (CPCB), Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) in March 2003 is given below:

Wastewater Management:

No effluent will be discharged from the SSP manufacturing unit as the proposed

process is a Zero Effluent Discharge manufacturing process. (In case of BECF the

effluent of SSP will be consumed for manufacturing of SSF with soda ash and neutral

discharge water will be recycled. H2SiF6 + Na2CO3 ……………………………….. Na2SiF6+H2O)

Air pollution control measures are proposed for the fluoride removal and to contain

acid fumes.

Groundwater monitoring has been proposed in the Environmental Monitoring Plan.

No effluent will be discharged into the storm water drainage system.

Air Pollution Management:

Suitable air pollution control equipments have been proposed for the control of air

pollution.

Regular monitoring of air is proposed in the Environmental Monitoring Plan.

Solid Waste Management:

Generation of gypsum, carbon slurry or Chromium/ Arsenic bearing sludge is not

envisaged from the proposed manufacturing process.

The generated sulphur muck will be used in the SSP production process. The spent

catalyst will be sent to CECB authorized hazardous waste disposal facility for

treatment and disposal.

All the above CREP guidelines will be strictly followed by the company.

8.3.12 Health and Safety

The Health and Safety of the employees shall be given first priority during the plant

operation.

Extensive publicity and propaganda related to safety.

Provision of rest shelters for workers with amenities like drinking water, fans etc.

First aid facility shall be provided at project site.

Training programme organize for First aid.

Periodical medical checkup camps shall be organized for worker and staff.

Pre-placement Liver Test for the workers shall be organized.

8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Detailed Environmental Monitoring Plan for the proposed project is given in Chapter 5. A

comprehensive list of parameters to be monitored during the construction and operation phase

is given in Table 8.2.



Table 8.2: List of Parameters to be monitored during Construction and

Operation Phases

Component Parameters Frequency Location

Construction Phase

Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx Monthly At major construction sites

(total 3 stations)


near generator set

Soil Parameters as per CPCB Annual At and near the plant area and




Water Parameters as per CPCB

standards




Effluent

from STP

pH, BOD, COD, TSS,

TDS


Operation Phase

Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2 , HC,

NH3, CO, VOC and NOx


locations within 100 – 200 m

of the project site, two

locations within the plant near

the production units, storage

area for the raw material and


fertilizer.



project site, two locations





fertilizer.

Ground

Water

Parameters as per CPCB

standards

Thrice a year Storm water drainage area, two


BEC Fertilizer Bilaspur and

one in the nearest bore well.


TDS


STP

ETP Parameters as per CPCB

standards


ETP


texture, organic matter,

chloride, SAR, CEC,

nitrogen, phosphorous,

fluoride, sulphur

Once in a

year






Component Parameters Frequency Location

Occupational

Health

General and respiratory

ailments check up

Once in a

year

-

8.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL

An Environment Management Cell (EMC) will be formed which will be responsible for

implementation of the aforesaid post project monitoring/management plan. The composition

of the Environment Management Cell and responsibilities of its various members are given in

Table 8.3. Presently company is having a well laid Environment Policy Annexure- IX but it

is not having any reporting system of non-compliance/violations of environmental norms to

the Board of directors of the Company.

Table 8.3: Environment Management Cell

Designation Proposed Responsibility

Senior Executive Director Environmental policy and directions.

Advisor (Environment) Overall responsibility for environment management and

decision making for all environmental issues.

Executive Director In-charge of operation of environment management

facilities. Ensuring legal compliance and interaction with

regulatory agencies

General Manager Secondary responsibility for environment management

and decision making for all environmental issues.

Site Engineers Ensure environmental monitoring as per appropriate

procedures.

8.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN BUDGET

A total capital and recurring cost provision of about INR 203 Lakhs (2.03 Crores) has been

kept in the project cost towards the environmental protection, control and mitigation measures

and implementation of the EMP. The budgetary cost estimate for the EMP is given in Table

8.4.

Table 8.4: Environmental Budget

S.

No. Items

Approx.

Capital Cost (

Rs. Lakhs)

Recurring

Cost per yr.

( Rs.

Lakhs)

1. Water pollution control (Capital cost of STP and

recurring cost of water & effluent quality monitoring) 25 5

2. Air pollution control (Capital cost of stacks and

recurring cost of stack emission monitoring.) 100 28

3. Noise pollution control (Capital cost of DG room

enclosure & acoustic treatment and recurring cost of

noise monitoring.)

5 -

4. Solid wastes management (Capital cost of bins for

solid wastes, storage space for hazardous wastes and 15 3



S.

No. Items

Approx.

Capital Cost (

Rs. Lakhs)

Recurring

Cost per yr.

( Rs.

Lakhs)

recurring cost of handling & disposal.)

5. Rainwater harvesting system. 10 -

6. Storm water drainage system. Present drainage

system is

available

1

7. Landscaping. 5 1

8. Environmental management (recurring cost of annual

monitoring, hiring of consultants and payment of

various statutory fees.)

5

Total 160 43



ANALYSIS OF

ALTERNATIVES

9.1 INTRODUCTION

The BEC Fertilizer Unit’s expansion project is proposed to be set up in the Sirgittii Industrial

Area, which has been marked for the industrial activities. The proposed project site is within

the existing Plant premise and devoid of natural vegetation and building; hence clearance of

land is not required.

The major environmental guidelines recommended for site selection for setting up of

industries so as to ensure optimum use of natural and man-made resources in sustainable

manner are tabulated in Table 9.1.

Table 9.1: Environmental Guidelines for site selection.

Criteria Guidelines

Land procurement Sufficient land to meet the demand of greenbelt development,

reuse of treated water, storing of solid waste before final disposal

Coastal areas At least 500 m from high tide line

Estuaries At least 200 m away from the estuary boundaries

Flood plains of the

Riverine system

At least 500 m from flood plain or modified flood plain, or by

flood control systems

Transport /

communications system At least 500 m from highway and railway

Major settlements At least 25 km from the project growth boundary of the settlement

(3 lakh Population)

Ecologically and or

otherwise sensitive area

At least 25 km (Archaeological monuments, National parks &

Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Hill resorts, Scenic areas, etc

9.2 SITE SELECTION

The BEC Fertilizer Unit’s expansion is proposed inside the existing unit and is proposed at

Plot No. 96, Sirgitti, CSIDC Industrial Area, Bilaspur. The following factors were found to be

favorable for selection of this site:

Proximity and availability of Raw Materials.

Availability of water.

Availability of adequate land for locating plant with approach roads.

Suitability of land from topography and geographical aspects.

Proximity to National Highway for transport of fuel & heavy equipment.

Proximity to the distribution network.

The care should be taken for site selection of an industrial unit so as to minimise the adverse

impact on the immediate surroundings as well as distant places. The proposed project site is

9



very near to Raipur- Raigarh ring road which facilitates transportation of the raw materials

and finished products to major markets. As Sirgitti is already developed Industrial Area, the

trained and skilled man power is easily available in this region

9.3 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION

9.3.1 SSP/GSSP Production

SSP

The SSP fertilizer technology is based on Computerized DCS/PLC Automation System, in

which the Coarse/Ground Rock Phosphate is measured through electronic load cells and

Sulfuric acid/Hydrofluorosilicic acid is measured through magnetic flow meters. Variable

frequency AC drive is used for various applications. Two EOT cranes are used for better

curing of SSP and the Rotating mixing drum is used for homogeneous SSP product.

GSSP

The particle size control for feed and recycle material feeding to Granulator drum is being

done to optimize specific power and fuel consumption. The use of multi fuel hot air generates

minimum fugitive emissions on the shop floor.



SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

10.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

With respect to air, water, soil, noise, biological and social baseline conditions the

environmental status of the site and its 10 km study area is delineated which states that the area

is devoid of pollution. The different project activities in the construction and operation phases

are identified. To identify the impacts, the interaction between the project activities and different

components of environment are classified phase wise. A summary of the identified impacts are

given in the following paragraphs.

In the constructional phase, the transportation of construction material could have an impact,

especially on air, noise, vibration. However, since this project is proposed adjacent to existing

plant inside the existing industrial complex with well-maintained infrastructure facilities, even

this impact is minimal and temporary. The noxious emission arising out of the various system

will be taken care by a number of scrubbing units from which the waste water generated will be

recycled in the manufacturing process.

Additional strength of labourers could temporarily increase the pressure on the resources of the

area. During the operational phase, there could be minor change in air quality .Transportation of

raw material, storage and handling of hazardous material and the production process could

cause a temporary disturbance to environment variables which will be prevented with the

proposed mitigation measures proposed in Chapter 4.

With respect to occupational health, minimal impacts are anticipated on the health of the

employees during operation phase.

As the project is proposed to be established in an existing industrial area, there are no issues

related Resettlement and Rehabilitation. The company has proposed to maintain the green belt

existing inside the plant and development of rainwater harvesting system inside the plant

premises.

In general, production of fertiliser will benefit the economy of the state and country also it will

generate employment opportunities among the local peoples which ultimately will uplift the

status of living.

10



DISCLOSURE OF

CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

11.1 INTRODUCTION

Asian Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. (ACE) is an independent consulting company in the

field of water and environment engineering with its headquarters located in New Delhi, India.

ACE provides consulting services and sustainable solutions for infrastructure projects (roads,

railways, ports, hydropower, water resources and other urban infrastructural plan outs),

industrial projects (refineries, petrochemicals, gas pipelines, offshore and onshore oil & gas

exploration, fertilizers, steel plants, ferro alloys plant, power plants, textiles, hotels, distilleries

and tanneries) and social development projects.

ACE is committed to provide consultancy services of international quality at local costs to

suit its client’s requirements. ACE believes that the key to success is the ability to work effectively with clients to understand, define, and resolve their environmental concerns. ACE

offers technical talent, specialized expertise, physical resources, and requisite facilities that

are important in responding to water and environmental issues, the world faces today. The

quality of work and timely completion of project are of paramount importance in each

assignment that ACE undertakes.

We, at ACE, know what makes for a successful project. Clients turn to ACE because

We understand the issue at hand

Have the required experience and expertise to develop unique solutions

Complete work on time and within budget

Work towards client satisfaction as our ultimate goal

ACE offers this combination of quality and performance through its professionals, managers

and support personnel. Our people are equipped with state-of-the-art technologies and they

are motivated to implement the project to the satisfaction of the client.

11.2 QUALITY OF SERVICES

ACE is committed to providing a high quality consultancy service. As a recognition of same,

ACE has been awarded ISO 9001: 2008 certified (Certificate no: 22340/10/S) by RINA, to

provide consultancy services for water supply, waste water treatment, municipal solid waste

management, environment and social impact assessment, environment impact and audit,

remote sensing and geographical information systems. In addition to this, ACE is also

accredited with Quality Council of India for preparation of EIA of Chemical Fertilizer sector

(Category A).

11.3 AREA OF SPECIALIZATION

Water Resources Engineering

Water Supply

Wastewater Management

11



Urban Environment Improvement

Environmental Management

Social Development

GIS and Remote Sensing

11.4 RESOURCES

Panel of Experts

ACE has experts in the following specialized areas:

Water supply engineering

Water resources engineering

Wastewater engineering

Solid waste management

Public Health and Sanitation

Environmental Management

Forestry and Wildlife

Environmental modeling

Fisheries

Aquaculture

Social development

Infrastructural Resources

Following facilities are available with ACE:

Air quality models

Noise quality models

Water quality models

Water distribution analysis software

Sewer network analysis software

Software Availability

AERMOD

CALINE4

Erdas Imagine

Arc GIS

AutoCAD

Map Info

Documents

BHILAI ENGINEERING CORPORATION LIMITEDenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/... · BHILAI ENGINEERING CORPORATION LIMITED Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed