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Index of Biblical Texts

Leviticus 19:18 139

2 Kings 5:1–19a 98

Isaiah 5:8–9 142Isaiah 61:1–4 143

Amos 2:6–7 142

Matthew 6:10 170Matthew 6:33 170Matthew 22:15–22 115Matthew 25:31–40 140Matthew 28:16–20

53, 73

Mark 3:13–19a 53Mark 6:6b-13 53Mark 7:24–30 171Mark 9:35 137Mark 12:28–31 139

Luke 4:14–30 144Luke 10:25–37 90Luke 14:11 137

John 1:1–17 67, 91John 4: 1–42 90John 6:38 137John 10:14–16 91John 13:13–15 138John 17 96John 17:10–11 90

Acts 2: 46–47 116Acts 5:12–16 53Acts 6:1–6 51–2, 140Acts 8:1–5 2,

114, 170Acts 9:1–30 2Acts 10:9–16 171Acts 11:19–21 170

Acts 11:27–30 3Acts 12:1–5 114Acts 13:1–5 170Acts 15:1–35 2, 89Acts 16:9–10 170Acts 17:1–15 186Acts 17:22–25 90Acts 17:30–32 90

Romans 13:1–7 117Romans 13:8–10 139Romans 15:25–29 3

1 Corinthians 9:4–14 41 Corinthians 11:23–26 138

2 Corinthians 5:18–19 672 Corinthians 8:1–7 32 Corinthians 9:1–5 3

Galatians 2:11–13 171Galatians 3:28

141, 170

Ephesians 6:7–9 141

Philippians 2:3–7 137Philippians 4:15–16 4

Colossians 3:22–25 141Colossians 4:12–18 4

1 Timothy 2:1–4 1161 Timothy 3:8–10 521 Timothy 5:3–14

52, 140

Philemon 141, 170

James 1:26–27 114

1 Peter 2:16–21 142

225

226 Index of Biblical Texts

1 John 2:15–17 1151 John 2:18–20 51 John 3:23–24 61 John 4:1–6 51 John 4:19–21 137

3 John 5–10 5

Revelation 21:1–4 172Revelation 22:1–2 172

Name Index

Note: NT denotes a New Testament name; CS denotes a case study name.

Aadland, F., 62Abell, P., 165Adkins, J., 59Adler, P., 74Agabus (NT), 2Aiken, M., 150Alchian, M., 157Ali, H., 64–5, 67, 122, 124–5Alvesson, M., 163Amirkhanyan, A., 64Ammerman, N.T., 120Anderson, S., 121Angell, O.V., 155Archippus (NT), 4Axelrod, R., 103

Bäckström, A., 112, 136, 151–2,156, 202

Badham, R., 40Baker, C., 121, 173Ballard, P., 80Barker, E., 20, 122Barnabas (NT), 3, 88–9, 170–1Barradell, Maggie, xvBecker, P.E., 154Beckford, J.A., 17, 19, 122, 154Bekkers, R., 144–5Bellamy, J., 120Benedict, rule of, 73Benson, J.K., 10, 64, 153Bentham, J., 159Berger, P.L., 10, 119Beyer, J.M., 126Bibby, R.W., 69Biebricher, T., 67Bielefeld, W, 56, 151Billis, D., 147, 150Bolden, D.A., 92–3Bomford, R., 21, 93Bradford, D.L., 40

Bradstock, A., 147Brierley, P., 189Brown, Malcolm, 80Brown, Michael, 162Bruce, S., 18Buchanan, C. xvBuchanan, D., 38, 40–1, 64, 77, 159,

162, 177, 197Buller, P.F., 179Burke, E., 119Burns, A., 22, 180Butler, D.M., 26Byrd, M., 62

Cabage, L.N., 61Cairns, B., 150Calley, M.J.C., 19Cameron, H.E., 57, 145, 155Campbell, D., 66, 120Caputo, R., 145Carabain, C.L., 145Carr-Gomm, Richard, 59–61Carver, M.L., 64Casanova, J., 19Cavan, R., 19Cephas (Peter) (NT), 171Chafetz, J.S., 65Chapin, F.S., 6, 20Chapman, R., 123–5Chaves, M., 12, 14, 58, 66, 92, 152Child, J., 35, 41Choe, J-H., 153–4Christensen, S., 163Clark, D.B., 93Claudius (NT), 3Cleveland, W.S., 56, 151Cnaan, R.A., 146Cohen, A.R., 40Cole Durham, W., 54Cormode, D.S., 60

227

228 Name Index

Daft, R.L., 100, 102, 160–2,175–8, 181

Davidson, J.D., 154Davie, G. ix, 112, 136, 151–2, 156, 202Davis, F., 65, 124, 147de Jong, A., 75de Tocqueville, A., 119Deakin, N., 122Dean, Hartley, xvDemerath III, N.J., 23, 60Demsetz, H., 157DiIulio, J.J., 146DiMaggio, P., 7, 21, 64, 94, 126, 146,

150, 158, 163, 181Dinham, A., 67, 122, 149, 202Diotrephes (NT), 4Dittes, J.E., 21Dodson, K.D., 61Dorsett, J.H., 10, 64, 153Douma, S., 158Drane, J., 198Dukes, Deborah, xvDulles, A., 129Duncan, R.B., 198Dunlap, K., 17Dyck, B., 73

Ebaugh, H.R., 58–9, 65Ecclestone, G.S., 112–13, 118Edgardh, N., 153Elijah (NT), 144Elisha (NT), 98, 144Elster, J., 158Engahl, R.L., 68Epaphras (NT), 4

Farnell, R., 100, 120, 146–8, 172, 174Farnsley, A.E., 147Fiedler, F.E., 178Fink, J., 75Finke, R., 77Finneron, D., 146–7Fischer, R.L., 67Flanigan, S.T., 63Forster, Roger and Faith (CS), 47–9Foucault, M., 40Fraser, Jeremy, xvFritz, D., 32

Gill, R., 18Göçmen, I. 56Goldman, M.S., 20Goodhead, Andrew (CS), 82–3Gorringe, T.J., 169Grønbjerg, K.A., 60Grossman, S.J., 157

Hackett, C., 148–9Hackworth, J., 152Hall, L.M., 154Hammond, P.E., 23, 117, 189Hammonds-Smith, M., 146Hare, R.M., 159Harris, M. xi, xiv, 105, 145, 147,

149–51, 154–5Hart, O.D., 157Hartman, L.P., 162Herman, N.J., 26, 62Herod (NT), 114–15Heskins, J., 154Higgins, L.M., 155Hinings, C., 10Hofstede, G., 174Hong, Y.J., 62Hopewell, J.F., 154Howard, J., 126Hsu, B.Y., 148–9Huang, X., 175Huczynski, A.A., 38, 40–1, 64, 77, 159,

162, 177, 197Hutchison, R., 150Hyun, J.K., 64

Iannaccone, L.R., 21Ibrahim, N., 32Isaiah (NT), 142–3Ivereigh, A., 65

Jackson, E.F., 145Jackson, J., 21Jackson, R., 149, 202James, apostle (NT), 114James, the brother of Jesus (NT), 171Jawad, R., 149–54, 174Jeavons, T.H., 55, 64, 69, 122Jeong, H.O. xi, 120Jesus Christ (NT) xii, 3–5, 47, 50, 52–3,

67, 72–3, 77, 80, 88–91, 96–8,

Name Index 229

108, 114–15, 136–43, 170–1,185–6, 190

Jobling, R., 21John, the apostle (NT), 114John, writer of the Gospel of John

(NT), 91John Paul, Pope, 77Johnsen, S., 58Johnson, D., 94, 100, 147Jones, R.K., 20Jones, P., 25Judas called Barsabbas (NT), 89

Kearns, K., 58Kemper, R.V., 59Kinney, N.T., 64Klenowski, P.M., 61Kniss, F., 92Knoke, D., 154

La Barbera, P.A., 66Labanow, C.E., 78Lambright, K., 64Langan, M., 75Laughlin, R.C., 16Lawrence, P.R., 200–1Lé Mon, M.M., 148, 151, 155, 202Leader, Mike (CS), 133Leis-Peters, A., 155Leonard, R., 120Lewin, K., 178Lewins, F., 44Lewis, J.W., 32Littlefield, M.C., 50Lloyd, Sarah, xivLocke, M., 145Lofland, J., 20London, Bishop of, 80Lorsch, J.W., 200–1Lowndes, V., 122–5, 149Luke (NT), 4, 143Lukes, S., 40Lukka, P., 145Lurkings, E.H., 21

Malone-Atkins, D., 146Mao, W., 31March, J., 41Mares, A.S., 145

Martin, D. ix, 22, 97, 145Mayo, E., 163McCann, J.F., 69McKenzie, B.D., 146McSweeney, B., 175Meyer, J.W., 6, 9Mill, J.S., 159Miller, K.D., 32Mintzberg, H., 42, 158Moberg, D.O., 18Modood, T., 119Moher, L.B., 176Monahan, S.C., 43Moreno, J.L., 39Morgan, G., 9, 54, 129Moscovici, S., 42Moses (NT), 88–9, 91Muhammad, 98Mullins, L.J., 13–14, 62, 175, 197Mullins, D., 59

Naaman (NT), 98, 144Nairn, A., 163Nash (equilibrium), 37Nauss, A., 26Nelson, S., 60Netting, F.E., 58, 60Newman, Liz, xvNiebuhr, H.R., 18, 22Nitterhouse, D., 68Noble, D.F., 78

O’Neill, B., 122Ockenden, N., 150Owens, M.L., 147

Paine, A.E., 150Park, J.Z., 58, 146Paton, R., 64–5, 67, 122, 124–5Paul (NT), 2–4, 6, 15, 88–91, 114, 116,

137–9, 141, 170–1, 185–6Paulhus, E., 147Pawson, H., 59Pearson, G., 197Pessi, A.B., 155–6Peter (NT), 88, 114, 171, 201Pettersson, P., 2, 140–1, 148–9,

151, 156Pfeffer, J., 39

230 Name Index

Philemon (NT), 141, 170Philip (NT), 51Pipes, P.F., 65Powell, W., 7, 21, 64, 94, 126, 146,

150, 158, 163, 181Putnam, R., 119, 173

Richardson, J.T., 20Rigby, Lee, 111, 134Riordan, P., 130Ritzer, G., 34, 198Roberts, Cllr Chris (CS), 166Robinson, Alan (CS), 166Rochester, C. xiv, 8, 58, 149, 151, 154Rowan, B., 6, 9

Sacks, J., 119Sager, R., 145Saliba, J.A., 20Sandberg, R., 53Saul (Paul) (NT), 3, 114, 170Saunders, Cicely (CS), 82, 84Scheitle, C.P., 54, 119Schneider, J.A., 119–20Schreuder, H., 158Schwadel, P., 122Scott, W.R., 163Shaw, M., 67Sherkat, D.E., 20Sherman, J.D., 62Sherwin, D.S., 160, 162Sider, R.J., 56–7, 61Silas (NT), 89, 185–6Simeon (Simon) (NT), 88Sinha, J.W., 60Skjørshammer, M., 62Skocpol, T., 119Smart, J.J.G., 159Smith, C., 146Smith, H.L., 62Smith, R.D., 147Snyder, S., 147, 155–6Southwark, Bishop of, xv, 12, 16, 97Stanley, M., 18Stephen (NT), 51, 114Stephens, L.S., 145Stone, M.M., 60Stopford, J., 36Stuart, J., 150

Sutton, J.R., 12Swartz, D., 60, 64Sweeney, James, xivSykes, S.W., 96Szwajkowski, E., 161

Tamney, J.B., 96, 100, 147Taylor, F., 26Taylor, L., 64–5, 67, 122, 125Taylor, M., 126Thompson, K.A., 7, 10–12, 21, 97,

103, 198, 200Thorley, S., 98–100, 130Thung, M.A., 69Timothy (NT), 186Titus (NT), 3Todd, A., 85Trevino, L.K., 162Troeltsch, E., 18Tsitsos, W., 58Tsouderos, J.E., 6, 20Tuckman, B.W., 123Turner, B.S., 95

Unruh, H.R., 56–7, 61

Valasik, C., 155Valins, O., 69van Billoen, E., 15Van de Vliert, E., 175

Wagner, A., 121Weber, M., 11, 20, 30, 48Weller, P., 123Wells, L., 36Wiepking, P., 144Williams, B., 159Willmott, H., 163Wilson, B.R., 20, 32Wilson, J., 20Wilson, Susie, 108Wind, J.P., 32Wineburg, R.J., 66, 146, 154Wittberg, P., 77Wolpert, J., 68Wood, J.R., 93, 153Wood, M.M., 60Woodhouse, Bart (CS), 183Woodward, J., 200

Name Index 231

Wright, B., 20Wuthnow, R., 120, 148–9, 151

Yaghi, A., 63Yankoski, L., 58Yeung, A.B., 145

Yinger, J.M., 94Yip, J., 63Young, P., 105

Zech, C., 31Zygmunt, J.F., 19

Subject Index

accountability, 8, 13, 16, 24–9, 35, 68,124, 174

multidirectional, 24–5, 27, 192mutual, 4, 27, 191network, 15, 24, 28–9, 33, 85,

188, 192accounts, financial. see financial

accountingacquisition of company, 101–2action research, 179adoption agency. see agency, adoptionadvice centre, 50, 148, 155Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration

Service, 95advocacy, 58, 65, 121, 162affective activity, 56, 94Africa, 175African-American, 12, 50agency, 2, 59, 65, 154, 166

activity, 94adoption, 75development. see development

agencymission. see mission organization

agentchange, 26social, 152sales, 101see also principal/agent theory

aim, 44, 48, 66, 94, 176, 187see also organizational aim

Alpha Course, 77altruism, 127, 156ambiguity, 9–11, 17, 23, 39, 71, 83, 98,

114–15, 177, 191ambiguous sphere/zone, 54–5, 126Amish, 19–20Anglican Communion, 33–4, 36,

70, 76bureaucratization of, 34

annual report, 128, 195anointing of the sick, 53, 83

apostle, 51–3, 73, 80, 88–9, 114,140, 201

appointment, 10, 12, 14, 17, 29–32,43, 51–2, 76, 82–3, 88, 90, 105–6,116, 122–5, 131–3, 140, 181

criteria, 58–9appraisal, mutual, 13, 27–8arbitration, 2, 95Archbishop of Canterbury, 11, 131archdeacon, 10, 22, 30, 39, 46, 60area dean, 10, 39armed forces, 85Ascension Trust, 155aspiration. see discourse, aspirationalassociation, 17, 49, 52, 76, 95, 105–6,

119, 124, 155, 192, 199housing. see housing associationresidents’. see residents’ association

asylum rights, 147attendance at congregation, 19, 21,

26, 183, 189authoritative mediation. see

mediation, authoritativeauthority/-ies, 40, 68, 178

biblical. see Bible, authority ofbureaucratic, 15, 29, 38charismatic, 28, 68civic, 94, 112, 123, 125, 132–5,

150–1, 174, 185. see alsoauthority/-ies, secular

contestable, 36denominational/diocesan, 2, 9–10,

12–16, 25–9, 33–4, 42–4, 46,75–6, 80, 92–3, 95, 97, 103–4,113, 130, 147, 179–80

distributed, 62education, 61employing, 31figure, 84–5institutional. see institutions,

authority ofinternational, 17

232

Subject Index 233

Jewish. see Jewish authoritieslocal, 7, 17, 75, 118, 131, 163–4,

168, 172, 181mediated, 191network of, 24, 28of apostles, 52of bishop. see bishop, authority ofof congregation member. see

member, authority ofof constitution, 193of culture, 191of God, 190of Jesus, 53of minister. see minister, authority

of; clergy, authority ofof religious institutions, 202planning, 7primary, 13, 19, 25, 44, 49, 76public, 58–9, 161regulatory, 7, 160, 176ruling, 116–17secular, 23, 59, 112–13, 115–16,

130, 152, 174. see alsoauthority/-ies, civic

subsidiary, 28, 92, 103,190–2

tax, 54traditional, 14–15, 25, 28, 33–4,

68, 191see also authority structure

authority structure, 201bureaucratic, 1, 14, 34, 68complex, 198democratic, 1external, x, 8–9, 13, 18, 25, 27, 33,

35–6, 39, 42, 45, 47, 107, 120,122, 128, 138, 153, 179, 188,190–3

hierarchical, 62, 104internal, x, 8, 25, 42–3, 104, 107national, 15position of, 201primary, x, 9, 25, 34, 36, 42, 45, 76,

103–4, 107, 130, 136, 138,165, 190

regional, 15, 123–4relativization of, 137–8, 165secondary, 36, 191

subsidiary, 14, 25, 42–3, 45, 128,138, 188, 190–1, 193

unitive, 33see also authority

automation, 78autonomy, 11, 17–18, 30–1, 34–5,

42–3, 47, 103, 153, 164, 175,188, 197

Baha’i, 111, 134bankruptcy, 161baptism, 53, 92Baptist Church, 31, 54, 92, 132bargaining, 37–8, 41, 100

surplus, 37Beacon Project, 182–3behaviour, organizational. see

organizational behaviourBenedictine order, 73benefice, 23, 129benefit, public. see public benefitbenefits, social security, xv, 80, 165–6bereavement counselling, 147Bible, 82, 104, 183

authority of, xii, 98, 190–1interpretation of, 19, 45study group, 26see also scripture

bible society, 199biblical texts, x, xii, xvi, xvii, 2–6, 45,

51–3, 87–91, 108, 113–17,136–44, 170–2, 185

Big Lunch, 183Billy Graham Evangelistic

Association, 199bishop, xviii, 1, 10, 12–14, 16, 24, 29,

31, 35, 44, 76–7, 97, 112, 118,133, 153, 201

accountability of, 13, 25appointment of, 29–30area, 30authority of, 1–15, 17, 24–5, 40bureaucratization of, 39, 46obedience to, 25secularization of, 15suffragan, 30

Bishop of London, 80Bishop of Southwark, xv, 97Bishop’s Mission Order, 14

234 Subject Index

black majority church. see church,black majority

board of directors/trustees, 35, 59, 60,63–4, 68, 96, 107, 109, 129, 150,161, 163, 166

bonus scheme, 73, 175Book of Common Prayer, 24, 201borough, churches of, 132–3, 136Borough Commander, 110, 132Borough Dean. see Ecumenical

Borough Deanboundary

around congregation, 93–4, 119–22,145, 191

between denominations, 87, 91between faiths, 87between governance and

activity, 107between sectors, 151clergy-laity, xviiclosed, 5–6, 19, 20–1, 91, 191crossing cultural, 174cultural, 174fuzzy, 9, 107open, 21–2, 174permeable, 18, 193spanner, 43, 119, 130, 151

bounded rationality, 176brand, 17, 100, 198bridge

between sectors, 130influence across, 6linguistic, 130organizational, 107religious-secular, 23, 69–70, 84system

Buddhism, 134, 175budget

faith-based, 68welfare. see welfare budget

buildingproject, 7, 82, 92religious, 50, 97, 99, 108–9, 112,

118, 126, 147, 149, 155, 166,174, 182

bureacracy, 2, 14, 22, 27, 93company, 179denominational. see

denominational bureaucracy

diocesan. see diocesan bureaucracygovernment, 118loose, 30, 39secular, 14see also denomination, as

bureaucracybureaucratic

authority structure. see authoritystructure, bureaucratic

behaviour, 22, 28, 46experience, 93–4links, 12management, 12, 76methods, 12, 34, 118model, 8organization, 7, 41structure. see structure, bureaucratic

bureaucratization, 34of congregation, 34, 46of denominational/diocesan

structures, 2, 7, 10–12, 15, 17,19, 33–4, 43, 96–7

of federation, 21of mission activity, 12of voluntary organizations, 8,

150, 199partial, 34see also Anglican Communion

business consultant, 101

café, 147canon law, 24–5, 193, 201canon residentiary, 30capital

financial, 126, 163human, 126intellectual, 197organizational, 127political, 121productive, 126religious, 121, 173social, 119–20, 126, 148, 151, 173,

202spiritual, 121, 173

careduty of, 161health. see health careholistic, 83immediate, 58

Subject Index 235

palliative, 82pastoral, xvii–xviii, 23–4, 71, 83quiet, 121, 145, 147, 152, 155, 174small-group, 122social, 172spiritual, 83–4

careerprofessional, 7, 29–33progression, 29–30prospects, 127structure. see structure, careersee also clergy, career

carers’ and toddlers’ group, 163–4,183–4

Caritas, 65carol service, 84, 183Carr-Gomm Society, 59–61cartel, 102–3, 157cathedral, 16, 30, 33Catholic Agency for Overseas

Development (CAFOD) 154centralization, 11–12, 17–18, 21, 36chain of command, 30, 37chair

of board, 35, 60, 107of church council, 25, 129of district (Methodist) 16, 46of meeting, 112of organization, 132–3, 184

challengesdefences against, 187facing companies, 103, 177facing voluntary organizations, 151,

186–8, 194–5facing faith-based organizations,

151, 185–6, 188–97facing religious organizations, ix,

xii, 67, 151, 185–6, 188–94,96–7

facing teams, 178Chamber of Commerce, 17change

agent. see agent, changechallenges, 196–7in communities. see new and

changing communitiesin company, 42, 100, 174–9, 197–8in denomination, 97

in faith-based organization, 59,66–9, 72, 75, 156

in religious organization, 26, 32, 44,67, 73, 119–20, 153–4, 156, 169,181, 189, 191, 198–9, 201–2

in voluntary organization, 150–1isomorphic. see isomorphismmanagement of, 19, 176, 179, 193process of, 178social, 154, 174, 196–7technological, 197unpredictable, 198see also conversion

chaos, 177–8chaplain

Christian, 85, 108, 111hospice, 81–5, 106hospital, 78, 84–5, 99–100, 106industrial. see chaplain, workplacemanagement of, 84–5, 110–11military, 85multi faith. see multi faith

chaplaincypolice, 110, 132prison, 78, 81–2, 85, 99–100,

106, 110university, 78, 84–5, 106workplace, xv, 71–3, 78, 80, 82,

84–6, 99–100, 106–7, 109–11charismatic

authority. see authority, charismaticleadership, 19–20, 48–9, 68,

177–8, 199renewal, 77

charitableactivity, 61company, 48giving, 128, 144, 195purpose. see purpose, charitablestatus, 128trust, xv, 47, 54, 70, 128–9, 155

charityexcepted, 53–4, 129faith-based, 7, 54independent, 54, 76law, 54mission organization as, 100public relationship with -s, 196

236 Subject Index

charity – continuedregistration/regulation, 8–9, 17,

53–4, 61, 128, 193religious, 17, 53, 193voluntary organization as, 54

Charity Commission, ix, 7–8, 54,128–9, 147

cheating, 102–3Chief Executive Officer, 35, 40, 107children

admission to communion, 44camps for, 72care for, 140, 155, 165of church member, 105, 145, 183protection/safeguarding, 12,

28–9, 134referral, 75

Children’s Church, 21China, 174–5Christian

action, 168Aid, 50, 121, 153–4, 167, 194–5as servant, 137chaplain. see chaplain, Christiancommunity, 133, 138, 169, 184denomination. see denominationdifferences, 108doctrine, 67, 91, 98early, 2, 47, 51, 70, 114equality of -s, 138experience, 55, 136Faith, 19, 23–5, 52, 59, 67, 82–5,

97, 146Gentile, 87, 89in politics, 174Jewish, 87, 89, 141language, 82liberal, 145minister, 125mission, 68, 71–2, 78organization. see organizations,

Christianprayer, 108–9religion, xi, 84, 169sacred text, xii, 82, 98, 171, 190services, 82–3, 96space, 82symbols, 82tradition, xvii, 61, 114, 152–4

trustees, 59, 111unity, 89, 91, 96. see also ecumenismvolunteering, 144–6worship, 82–3, 96–7, 169, 173, 181

Christmascarols, 84events, 19

church, xviiaffiliated, 48as charity, 54as national organization, 2as sociological category, 18–19,

21–3, 194attendance. see attendanceblack majority, 20, 132–3boundary around, 6building. see building, religiousclosure, 189council, 25–7, 164denominational. see denomination,

as sociological categoryearly -s, 3–6, 15, 116, 137emerging. see emerging churchepiscopal, 14evangelical, 1, 20, 78, 92, 118,

132–3, 190free, 20, 94–5, 118government. see governancegroup of –s, 174hierarchical, 17independent, xvii, 1, 118,

132–3, 190indigenous, 71innovation in. see innovationland, 60leader, 112, 133links between –s, 4member of. see membernew, 2, 48, 169, 173, 180parish. see parish churchparochial, 23pentecostal, 20, 22, 145persecuted, 114–17, 186reformed, 33school. see faith schoolsectarian, 93size of, 2state, 145survival of, 6, 188

Subject Index 237

-s working together, 14, 32, 96, 99,101, 155, 164, 166, 174

type of, 189see also Church; congregation

Church, xviias body of Christ, 129as federation of congregations, 30,

34, 46as holy, catholic, and apostolic, 24as mystical communion, 129as servant, 129authority structure. see authority

structureearly, xii, 52, 170, 189expansion of, 2unity of, 77, 89worship as main purpose, 53see also church

Church Army, 71Church Assembly, 11Church Commissioners, xv, 129Church in Wales, 46Church, Methodist. see Methodist

ChurchChurch, Orthodox. see Orthodox

ChurchChurch, Presbyterian. see Presbyterian

ChurchChurch, Roman Catholic. see Roman

Catholic ChurchChurch, United Reformed. see United

Reformed ChurhChurch Mission Society, 70, 72, 77, 79Church of England, ix, 1, 8, 10–12,

14–15, 17–19, 22–5, 31, 44, 46–7,54, 70, 77, 84, 94–7, 109, 111,117–18, 129, 132–3, 150, 153,168, 182, 184, 192–3, 201

establishment of, 8, 119Church of Scotland, 117Church Pastoral Aid Society, 72Church Representation Rules, 193Churches Together in England, 108churchwarden, 16, 125, 192churchyard, 26circuit (Methodist), 9, 17, 182–3circumcision, 171Citizen’s Income, 167city, 89, 171–2, 174, 185

civicauthorities. see authorities, civicengagement, 5, 125event, 105partnershipsociety. see society, civic

civil society. see society, civilclass

lower, 93middle, 22–3, 93social, see social classworking, 22, 93

clergyaccountability, 24–8, 46allocation of, 13, 15, 18ambiguous position of, 10appointment of, 17, 31, 43, 125appraisal of, 13as channel of communication,

10, 70as channel of control, 43as manager, 26as shepherd, 26authority of, 43bureaucratic, 10, 12, 22, 28career, 29–33. see also careerchaplains, 72, 84chapter, 84church, 22competitive, 103congregational, 28, 43–4, 46, 72,

174, 192declarations, 24–5denominational, xvii, 10, 12, 20,

22–4, 28, 32–3, 43, 45, 94full-time, 23, 29group of, 46, 95, 155, 192hierarchical, 10, 15isomorphism of, 94–5/laity divide, 94licensing of, 17, 24locally rooted, 153, 155management of, 28part-time, 29parochial, 10, 46pastoral demands on, 22professional, 7, 190restrictive practices, 97secularization, 188

238 Subject Index

clergy – continuedstipendiary, 29recruitment, 36relationships with denominational

authorities, 10–14representative, 125, 148traditional authority, 14–15training of, 17, 31–2, 39, 99unpaid, 29welfare function, 2working together, 32, 96, 103see also minister

closure of organization, 92, 187, 189,192–3

club mode, 22–3coaching, 179coercive compliance structure. see

compliance structure, coercivecollaboration, 2, 27, 65, 102, 105collusion, 157commerce, 17, 71committee, 39–40, 80, 132, 134, 166common good, 140communication, 133, 196

channel, 10, 179failure, 35, 146implicit, 61

communionadmission to, 44Anglican. see Anglican CommunionHoly. see Holy Communioninter-, 95–7

communityactivity, 182African-American, 50benefit, 183building, 182, 184-building, 173–4business, 16–17changing. see new and changing

communitiesChristian. see Christian communityconsultation, 174development, 184entire. see community, localethnic, 123faith. see faith communityglobal, ix

group, 112, 119, 122, 131,163–4, 184

institutional, 161local, 18, 22–3, 28, 61, 135, 150,

155, 159, 164, 172–4, 181,184, 193

missional, 70, 72national, 161new. see new and changing

communitiesorganization. see voluntary

organizationresidential, 180rural, 172school. see school, state/communitysector. see voluntary sectorsecular, 69, 180Sikh, 123sustainable, 182trust in, 119urban, 172wider. see community, localworker, 184

company. see firmcompassion, 61, 150competition, 100, 103, 199

theory, 100, 104–5complexity, ix, 11, 40, 58, 63, 74–5,

83, 103, 106–7, 133–4, 145, 147,151, 158, 165, 177–8, 198, 202

complianceof minority, 41reward for, 40

compliance structure, 15, 68coercive, 15, 34, 68normative, 15, 38, 68utilitarian, 15, 68

compromise, 11, 88, 95conflict, ix, 14, 36, 69, 74–5, 141, 160Confucian tradition, 175congregation, xvii, 1

activity of, 7, 21, 34, 94, 113, 147African American, 50as entrepreneur, 181as local branch, 16–17as organization, 17as prototypical religious

organization, 1, 30, 76attendance. see attendance

Subject Index 239

authority/authority structure. seeauthority; authority structure

autonomy of, 30–1, 43, 153boundary around. see boundary

around congregation, 94bureaucratization. see

bureaucratization, ofcongregation

change in, 154. see also changecharateristics of, 11, 138, 173charity registration of, 8–9, 54clergy of. see clergy; ministerclosure of, 92conservative, 153culture of, 45–7defensive, 5denominational, x, 1, 20, 22–3,

32–3, 43–5, 76–7, 93, 104, 113,132, 192–3

diversity of, 18, 92embedded, 155federation of, 1, 2, 9, 11, 18, 20–21,

33, 46–8, 71, 81finances/funding of, 7, 15–16, 71,

129, 147, 174, 187–8governance of. see governancegroups in. see groupgrowth of, 44ideology of, 46–7independent, 4, 29, 94, 192–3informal, 1innovation in. see innovationisomorphism in. see isomorphismJewish, xivleader. see leaderlongevity of, 121management of, xiv, xv, 12–13, 19member of. see membermerger of, 92mortality rate, 121norms of, 32objectives of. see objectivesoffice-holder. see office-holderprimacy of, 16, 18proclamation by, 33, 72–3, 80relationships of. see relationshipssectarian, 145secularization of, 190size of, 26, 189

story of, 32, 45, 154structure of. see structure,

congregationalsurvival of, 92tradition of, 33types of, 18–21, 145worship as main purpose of, 18, 30,

33, 44, 81, 138, 173, 188, 193see also church

consequentialist ethics. see utilitarianethics

constitution, 6, 31, 60–1, 77, 119, 134,183, 193

constraints, 41, 62, 130construction project, 167construction, social. see social

constructionconsultation, 4, 29, 39–41, 112, 125,

135, 174consumer, 198context, 44

cultural, 44, 53, 156, 160, 175–8,180–1

multi-faith, 83, 105New Testament, 116organizational, 74, 181

contingencytheory, 200plans, 100

contractbetween organizations, 109denominational, 12, 28for welfare provision, 122, 149,

156, 163in market, 31, 75, 120, 127, 150,

157–8, 160, 197public sector, 31, 62, 68, 79, 120,

150–1, 186within organization, 17, 73–5,

126–7, 157–8control

bureaucratic, 30, 34, 41–2, 93–4costs, 194denominational, 14, 17, 34, 43–4,

80, 95, 198failure, 35group, 39hierarchical, 76management, 163

240 Subject Index

control – continuednormative, 158of externalities, 161span of. see span of control

conversationopen, 147partner, 124

conversion, 2, 41–2, 88co-operation, 175

ecumenical, 32, 78, 96, 132multi-faith, 100theory, 101–5, 108

Corporate Social Responsibility, 136,158–60, 162

cosmopolitans, 45, 93cost

cutting, 151of externality, 161–2financial, 15–16, 194of monitoring, 157personal, 127production, 37, 100, 101transaction, 75, 156

councilborough/county, 22,108–10, 118,

131–4, 164–6, 184church. see church councilof churches, 93of Jerusalem, 2, 88

counseling, 83, 147, 166, 179creativity, 43, 174, 177–8credit union, 155creditor, 160–1creed, 24–5critic, 178critical, 120

discourse. see discourse, criticaltheory, 136, 163–5voice, 141, 148, 156

critique, social. see social critiquecrowd mode, 22cultural context. see context, culturalculture

British, ixcongregational. see congregation,

culture ofcontract, 28diverse, 152, 175, 180Japanese, 77

national, 10, 33, 146, 174–5, 180of company. see firm, culture ofof congregation. see congregation,

culture ofof service, 136–7of trust, 101, 126–7, 129, 133–4organizational, 38, 82, 126, 160, 180political, 119secular, 189, 11

curate, 35, 72, 132customer, 34, 131–2, 160, 199–200customization, 197–8

Dartford, 182–3deacon, xviii, 24, 35, 51–2, 80

140, 201deanery, 10, 22

synod, 118decentralization, 11, 36, 198decision-making

adaptive, 176administrative model, 176consultative, 175denominational, 113, 117hierarchical, 36–7, 76, 150innovative, 76, 176–7negotiated, 32non-rational, 36, 38political model, 38–41, 177process, 7programmed, 176religious, 42, 45, 59, 64, 66, 75, 130,

152–3routine, 176, 198

declaration of assent, 24delayering, 197democracy, 1, 11, 16demotivation, 35, 69, 154

see also motivationdenomination, x, 1

as brand, 17as bureaucracy, 9–11, 16, 30, 76, 94,

97, 118, 192as federation of congregations, 1,

9–12, 21–3, 28, 45, 47, 81, 194as global organization, 33–4, 96as national organization, 2, 9, 12,

16–17, 96, 112–13

Subject Index 241

as regional organization, 9, 16–17,30, 46, 54

as regulatory authority, 76as sociological category, 18–22,

47–9, 194bureaucratization of. see

bureaucratization, ofdenominational structures

clergy of. see clergy, denominationalcompetition between, 103constitution of, 31, 193co-operation between, 104definition of, 9, 21, 33–4, 43, 81diverse, 192engagement with state, 117–19, 151episcopal, 1, 14, 31, 35, 96finances of, 15–16, 71, 147formalization in. see formalizationinnovation in. see innovationisomorphism of. see isomorphismmainstream, 22, 29, 32, 92, 94management by, 12–13management of, 41–2mission organizations of, 76–80. see

also mission organizationnon-episcopal, 96parties in, 47political activity in, 45, 47relationships between. see

ecumenismsize of, 11theological convictions of, 10,

92, 95see also denominational

denominationalauthority/-ies. see authority/-ies,

denominationalboundary, 89–91, 96bureaucracy, 10, 15–18, 22, 30, 43,

81, 117, 179control. see control, denominationalélite. see élite, denominationalhierarchy. see hierarchy,

denominationalleader. see leader, denominationalmanagement. see management,

denominationalmerger. see merger, of

denominations

organization, 16policy. see policy, denominationalpostholder, 11–13, 16, 22, 30–1, 39,

46, 96–7, 165research and development, 180rules, 97strategy. see strategy,

denominationalstructure. see structure,

denominationalsee also denomination

Department for Communities andLocal Government, 169

Department for Education, 61dependency, 40, 58, 121

path, 121desacralization, 189developing country, 70, 121, 153development

agency, 154, 194building, 109, 182–3community. see community

developmenteconomic. see economic

developmentorganization, 50, 65Organization Development. see

Organization Developmentproject, 70, 159research and. see research and

developmentdeviance, 19, 40diakonein (to serve) 52dialogue, 98–9, 105, 110diocesan

authorities. see authorities,denominational/diocesan

board of finance, 12, 129, 193bureaucracy, 10, 12, 16staff, 46structures. see structure, diocesansynod, 16, 91, 118

diocese, 1, 10, 12, 15, 17–19, 22, 30,44, 77, 193

see also bishopDiocese of Southwark, 12, 16directionlessness, 177director, xiv, 76, 107

board of -s, 35, 60, 107, 150, 152

242 Subject Index

disabilities, people with, 182disciple, 3, 48, 51, 53, 88, 115,

138, 170disciplinary

multi-, 82–4procedures, 22power. see power, disciplinary

discourseaspirational, 173critical, 173–4instrumental, 173sceptical, 173–4

discretion, 27, 198disunity, 96doctrine, 24, 67, 141donor, xv, 54, 128, 200downsizing, 197drug dependency, 58

East Greenwich, 166, 168Parish of, xv, 23, 019

eco initiative, 147economic

approach, 161development, 159environment. see environment,

economicefficiency, 159exchange, 152, 158factors, 161goods, 160, 162incentive, 161influences, 78necessities, 161performance, 160production, 152regeneration, 147

economics, 38, 101, 161economies of scale, 11, 100–1, 176ecumenical/ecumenism, 11, 87–111

activity, 93–4, 97, 99chaplaincy, 100, 108, 110church school. see faith school,

ecumenicalclergy as, 32co-operation. see co-operation,

ecumenicalcourse, 32interdenominational 99

language, 97local, 96, 103management, 12multidenominational, 99national ecumenical body, 95relationships, x, 92–5, 97, 99, 107see also, Christian unity

Ecumenical Borough Dean, 32, 132–4,155, 166

educationauthority. see authority, educationChristian, 199facilities, 182faith-based, 54, 70, 73–4in company, 179mutual, 98, 130needs, 109organization. see organization,

educationalpolicy, ixreligious, 134

efficiency/efficient, 11, 104, 127,157–9, 198

equilibrium, 3elder, 3, 25, 35, 88–9elderly people, 155élite

denominational, 12liberal, 94

emergencyfood, 166planning, 131–4

emerging church, 78emperor, 115–16, 142, 186employee, 58, 62–3, 72, 74, 84–5, 157,

160, 176, 183, 186, 200employment, 50, 166, 184ensoulment, 169entrepreneur, 177–8, 181, 197environment

adaptation to, 6built, 172changing, 42ecological, 159, 162, 169, 182economic, 41, 179, 197–8habitual, 42institutional, 64military, 177organizational, 179, 197–8, 200

Subject Index 243

physical, 161–2, 179, 197relationship with, 9, 41resource, 179, 197–8secular, 20social, 64, 161, 165, 170–1, 179,

197–8, 200see also context; isomorphism

episcopal church. see church,episcopal

Episcopal Church of the United Statesof America, 31

equal opportunities legislation, 58equality, xvii, 28, 49, 75, 137–8, 141,

154, 160, 167, 169estate, housing, 172, 182–4ethics, 19, 94, 158–61, 164

code of, 159, 162committee, 162see also utilitarian ethics

ethnicity, 17, 117, 123Eucharist, xviii, 71, 82, 96–7, 138Europe, ix, 10, 65, 71, 136, 141, 156,

175, 201–2evangelical church. see church,

evangelicalevangelism, 19, 48, 52, 71–2, 90, 147,

164, 183evangelistic organization, 71, 104, 199excepted charity. see charity, exceptedexperiment, 77, 181expert power. see power, expertexpertise, 39, 93, 123, 126, 174, 176

secular, 59exploitation, 165externality, 161extravasation, 189

faith, 3, 51, 53, 55–7, 84and ethnicity, 123basis of, 121boundary of, 87different faiths, 88–91, 97–100, 102,

104–8, 110, 128, 130, 134, 196sector, 124–6teaching of, xviitradition, 24, 55, 63, 67, 99,

104, 106see also inter-faith; multi-faith

Faith and Social Action Officer, 131

faith community, xii–xiii, 2, 67building. see building, religiousChristian. see Christian Faithchaplains authorized by, 84–5conservative member of, 99consultation with, ixjoint venture, 105, 108–10leader, 83, 108–9, 123–5, 134member of, 82, 99, 105, 107, 109,

123–4, 134relationships with secular

institutions, 109–11, 117–19,125, 131–2, 135

representative of, 106, 109, 122–6,131, 133–4

representative body of, 123–5, 134see also inter-faith; multi-faith

Faith in the City, 131faith school, 55, 61, 99, 106, 180–1

ecumenical, 104faith-based organization, x–xii, 50–86

activities of, 58, 68, 122, 136, 146,181

as hybrid, 60, 74, 80, 151. see alsoorganization, hybrid

attached, 7, 50, 58, 60–1, 63–4, 67,69, 70–1, 74–6, 79, 85, 106, 109,121–2, 151, 153, 155,194–6, 200

autonomy of, 164budget, 68challenges, 185–94, 196–7change in, 75characteristics of, xiv, xvi, 51, 55–9,

61–2, 79, 81, 151, 196, 199charitable, 54communication by, 130connected religious organization, 7,

50, 52, 59–61, 63–5, 74, 146contracts, 66, 68, 74, 151, 156, 164definition of, x, 50, 55–6embedded, 155employees in, 62, 149engagement with community, ixenvironment of, 9formalization in. see formalizationfunding of, 50, 58–61, 65–7, 70–1,

74–5, 79, 151, 188, 194, 196governing body of, 66, 75

244 Subject Index

faith-based organization – continuedidentification as, 58, 73in new communities, 173isomorphism in. see isomorphismlocation of, 53, 55–7management of, xi–xii, xiv–xv, 53,

59, 62–3, 79, 81, 156, 201–3merger of, 79–81minister in, 22new, 64, 69–70, 120, 146, 169origins of, 50, 83–4oscillation of, 196outcome measurement, 67purpose of, 52–3regulation of, 7, 54, 128–9relationship with secular

institutions, 113, 120, 129,173–4

secularization of, 60, 63–4self-presentation of, 58social capital in, 119–22social justice activity, 152–3, 164spectrum of, 56–61, 63–4, 66, 6–9,

75, 79–82, 85, 106, 147–8, 196strategy. see strategy, in faith-based

organizationtraining in, 65types of, 57users of, 58–9, 63volunteers in, 148–9wandering, 59–61, 63, 66, 68–70,

75–6, 80, 151–2, 181, 195–6welfare provision by, 146–52, 164.

see also welfare provisionsee also mediating institution

family centre, 182federation of congregations, 18, 33,

47–8, 71see also denomination

fellowship, 150of congregations, 2, 4, 16, 47–9

female. see male/femalefinancial

accounts, 6, 54, 94, 128,161, 157

advice, 50capital. see capital, financialcontribution, 19, 199crisis, 71, 100, 148, 165, 182, 187

health, of company, 162reporting, 68resources, 7, 15–16, 92, 129, 147,

149, 187–8space, 63viability, 74, 189see also diocesan board of finance

Finland, 156firm, 36–41, 100–5, 127, 157, 197

change in. see change in companyclassical, 197competition/co-operation between

–s, 100–3, 105, 157, 175culture, 38, 127, 175–6. see also

culture; normsdecisions in. see decision-makingenvironment, 159. see also

environmentethics of. see ethicsgoals, 38, 40, 176in market, 157large, 100market in, 157modern, 42, 197multinational, 36objective, 36organic, 180political, 41postmodern, 185, 197–8stakeholders. see stakeholderstrategy. see strategy

flexibility, 48, 147, 178, 197–8food bank, 22, 74, 80, 121, 132, 134,

145, 155, 164–7forgiveness, 98, 102–3formal

group. see group, formalnetwork. see network, formalorganization. see organization,

formalpartnership. see partnership, formalrules. see rules, formal

formalization, 1, 6–8, 32, 40forum, 125–6

churches’, 132faith leaders’, 83inter/multi faith. see multi faith

forumForward in Faith, 95

Subject Index 245

France, ixfranchise, 17, 31–2Franciscans, 76free church. see church, freeFresh Expression of Church, 182Friday Prayers, 109funding

diversity of, 62from churches, 12, 147, 174, 182from government/public sector,

59–61, 67, 148, 150, 182–3lottery, 74, 108of congregations. see congregation,

finances/funding ofof faith-based organizations. see

faith-based organizations,funding of

of mission organizations. seemission organization,funding of

of voluntary organizations. seevoluntary organization,funding of

of welfare provision, 146. see alsosocial welfare, funding of

secular. see secular fundingsocial justice work, 146

gambling, 74, 108game

evolutionary, 107–8iterated, 102–3political, 2, 42theory, 102, 127

General Election, 133General Practitioner (GP) 29, 31–2General Synod of the Church of

England, 44, 118generosity, 3Gentile, 3, 88–9, 171

Christians. see Christians, GentileGermany, 146global/globalization, ix, 33–4, 36, 159,

176, 197goals

formalization of, 40individual, 36–7, 127measurable and achievable, 13

organizational, 38–41, 44–6, 62,127, 164, 176–7

religious, 62, 82God, xvii, 3–5, 13, 24–7, 35, 47, 50,

51, 88, 90–1, 98, 114–16, 137–43,170–2, 189–90

Kingdom of. see Kingdom of Godself-revelation of, 24, 67, 90–1,

97–8, 190Word/word of, 51, 90, 186, 190–1

Google, 197Gospel/gospel, xii, 4, 70–2, 90–1, 143,

171governance, ix, 10–11, 27, 34–5, 64,

107, 128–9, 138, 187, 192, 201governing

body, 6, 25, 27, 50, 60–1, 63, 65–6,74–5, 116, 164, 180, 187, 193,195–6

instrument, 129government, xiii

central/national, ix, 1, 65–7, 95,117–18, 120, 124, 128, 131,146, 149–50, 153–4, 156,160, 182

church. see governancefunding. see funding, from

governmentlocal, 117, 120, 123, 131, 169ministers/officials, 2, 118regional, 123

Greece/Greek, 47, 51, 117, 141, 185–6Greek Orthodox Church, 117Greenwich, 23, 109, 133–4, 145,

165–6Greenwich Borough Council, 108–9Greenwich Evangelical Leaders, 133Greenwich Faith Community

Leaders, 134Greenwich Foodbank, 50, 134, 165–7Greenwich Islamic Centre, 109Greenwich Local Labour and

Business, 166Greenwich Millennium Village,

108, 168Greenwich Park, 70Greenwich Passion Play, 70Greenwich Peninsula, 23, 99–100,

108, 172, 180

246 Subject Index

Greenwich Peninsula Chaplaincy, xv,78, 85, 87, 99–100, 105–11

Greenwich Peninsula RegenerationLtd. 110

Greenwich United Church, 109group

community. see community groupcongregation as, 1, 19–20, 48, 96,

108–9, 121, 131, 169, 174,180, 183

formal, 6, 38, 123, 175in congregation, xvii, 6, 19–21, 26,

45–6, 48, 50–2, 84, 87, 93, 104,122, 147, 153–5, 164, 166–7,180, 183

in firm, 38–9, 41, 74, 103, 108, 175,177–9

informal, 38, 123, 154, 159, 166inter/multi faith, 98–9, 124, 135of clergy, 42, 46voluntary organization as, 8, 12,

69, 154guilt, 127Gurdwara, 98

hate crime, 134healing, 53, 98, 172, 183health, 160

and safety, 40care, 31, 54, 70, 84, 132, 139, 172mental, 59problems, 148spiritual, 188

heaven, 53, 90, 141, 144, 171Hellenists, 51Herodians, 115hierarchy, 35–8

alternative, 15contingent, 13, 177–8denominational, 10, 12, 17, 26, 30,

32, 93, 192formal, 10, 38, 180independence from, 76–7,

177–8levels in, 28, 35, 38, 175, 180management, 35–7, 62, 104national, 77posts filled in, 30staff, 150

sub-, 36subsidiary, 13, 36

Hindu, 111, 125, 134Holy Communion, xviii

see also EucharistHoly Spirit, 5–6, 24, 51, 53, 88–9,

143, 170Holy Trinity, Greenwich Peninsula,

109, 180homeless

outreach, 147people, 58, 155

honour, 117, 140, 142hospice chaplain. see chaplain,

hospicehospital chaplain. see chaplain,

hospitalhospitality, xv, 52, 98, 140, 183House of Lords, 118, 153housing association, 55, 59–60, 74, 79,

168, 174Housing Benefit, 165human

capital, 126construct, xviidignity, 140life, 152nature, 148, 152resources, 101, 155, 187–8, 196

humanized leadership. see leadership,humanized

hybridorganization, 57–60, 74, 80,

150–1, 158transaction, 74

hybriditydegree of, 150entrenched, 150layers of, 60, 152management of, 60

hybridization, 151

Ichthus Fellowship, 20, 47–9idealism, 62, 177identity organization, 199ideology, 20, 46–7, 64, 158, 163, 200Imam, 125impartiality, 159, 161

Subject Index 247

imperativefundamental, 9, 13, 45–7. see also

imperative, primaryof external authority structure, x,

45, 47, 130, 188, 191primary, 76. see also imperative,

fundamentalproclamation as. see proclamation,

as imperativeto seek unity, 89worship as. see worship, as

imperativeincarnation, 67incentive

economic, 161market, 164motivation, 38, 175

inclusion, 65, 75, 91, 123, 169see also social inclusion

incomeCitizen’s, 167donations, 71, 128, 195earned, 96, 128, 147–8legacy, 71of congregation, 8, 54of member, 26subsistence, 38

India, ix, 99individualism, 152, 175inducement, 38industrial mission, 12, 71, 78–80,

82, 100industry, 71–2

standard, 157type of, 200

inequality, 154, 167influence, 6–7, 11, 33, 38–9, 45, 64–6,

75, 77–8, 103, 160, 162, 165, 181,198, 201

informalactivity, 172assistance, 148congregation. see congregation,

informalco-operation, 32group. see group, informalnetwork. see network, informalorganization. see organization,

informal

partnership. see partnership,informal

relationship, 1, 49, 94, 155rules. see rules, informalreward. see reward, informalsetting, 172structure. see structure, informal

informationcollection of, 174complete, 176cost of, 75fast transmission of, 197in organizations, 6, 157–8, 198incomplete, 36–8, 40, 126–7, 134,

156, 177organization, 197–8privileged, 40religions as, 198selective release of, 40, 163

injustice. see social injusticeinnovation, 8, 12, 32–3, 43–4, 46, 51,

76–8, 81, 158, 169–70, 176–80institution

authority of, 202definition of, 69–70fragmented, 156mediating, 69–70, 72, 109–11,

119, 134religious, ix, 25, 61, 84secular, ix, x, 61, 67, 69, 72, 77,

84–5, 112, 117–26, 129–30,153–5

social, ix, 64, 112, 119, 135institutionalism, new, 64, 163, 165inter denominational. see ecumenicalinter-faith

activity, 98–100, 169dialogue, 110forum, 105, 123project, 174relationships, x, 92, 97, 99representative body, 125understanding, 111worship, 99, 110see also multi-faith

intercommunion, 95–6interdependence, 103internal audit, 101interpersonal dynamics, 75

248 Subject Index

intuition, 175, 177inventor, 178investment, 101, 182investor, 182Ireland, 117Islamic

banking, 157centre, 109community, 105

isolation, organizational, 190isomorphism, 6–9, 11, 20–2, 64–5,

94–5, 126, 146 151, 181coercive, 7-control, 95, 152mimetic, 7normative, 7, 149

Israel, 98, 117, 139, 142, 144Italy, 117

Japan, 77, 175, 181Jehovah’s Witnesses, 19, 145Jerusalem, 2–3, 88, 114, 116

Council of, 88New, 171

Jesuits. see Society of JesusJewish

authorities, 114committee member, 134congregation. see congregation,

JewishChristians. see Christians, Jewishlaw. see law, Jewishorganizations. see organizations,

Jewishscriptures. see scriptures, Jewishsynagogue, 186territory, 171trustee, 111

Jews, 117, 144, 171, 185–6Jesus, 90

jobcharacteristics, extrinsic/

intrinsic, 175creation, 147, 167, 182enrichment, 179loss of, 96–7satisfaction, 175search for, 187security, 175

jointactivity, 98agenda, 65project, 22, 101, 105, 135venture, 101–5

jumble sale, 69justice. see social justice

karah prasad, 98key worker, 182Kingdom Family Church, 109Kingdom of God, x, 9, 18, 44, 50, 72,

74, 76, 78, 80–2, 115, 164, 170,173, 181, 192

kingdom organization, 72–3,79–80, 104

see also mission organization

langar, 98last resort, congregation as, 148Latin America, 36, 77law, 159

canon/charity, 54church, 25Jewish, 87–8, 91, 115, 139see also legal

lay training, 78leader/leadership

adaptable, 201as representative, 133charismatic, see charismatic,

leadershipdenominational, 19, 21, 32, 48, 89,

97, 112, 117development, 124ethical, 162faith community. see faith

community leaderhumanized, 62market, 100of congregation, xiv, 20power, 38–9relationship-oriented, 178secular literacy of, 202skill, 155State, 117–18style, 201task, 19, 43, 154task-oriented, 178

Subject Index 249

team, 49, 68, 180skills. see skills, leadershipvolunteer, 26

legalassistance, 29approach, 161authority. see authority, legalcontext. see context, legalentity, 129factor, 161incentive, 164responsibility, 161system, 157see also law

legislator, 112legitimate/legitimacy

activity, 45organizational, 17, 124power. see power, legitimatereligious, 34representational, 106, 123–5social, 64, 118, 123, 133, 173

Lewisham, 131–2liberal

elements of faith community, 99,110, 145

élite, 94minded, 93

liberation theology, 77library, 182line management 12–13, 85, 110literacy, 155

religious, 130, 202secular, 130, 202

little platoons, 119liturgy, 43, 78, 201living wage, 65lobbying, 58Local Area Agreement, 131local authority. see authority, locallocal councillor, 118locally orientated, 93London Churches Social Action

Network, 133London Citizens, 65London City Mission, 71London Industrial Chaplaincy, 80London Peace Pagoda, 99

love, 3God’s, 50, 115, 137mutual, 5–6, 138, 142of God, 137, 139of neighbour, 114, 137, 139

loyaltybrand, 100to company, 175to tradition, 24

Lutheran Church, 33

major incident plan. see emergencyplanning

majority, 41–2, 123see also church, black majority;

minority; conversionmale/female, xvii, 124, 141, 145management, x

active, 41as ideological, 163, 200as political, 38, 41–2, 44–5, 163board, 163budget, 68bureaucratic. see bureaucratic

managementby members, 187by objectives, 13central, 36, 47change. see change managementculture-specific, 175denominational, 10–12, 19, 41, 47hierarchy. see hierarchyinstrumental, 62layer/level, 35, 39, 175–6line. see line managementlocal, 36mechanistic, 62of chaplains. see chaplains,

management ofof clergy. see clergy, management ofof congregation. see congregation,

management ofof faith-based organization. see

faith-based organization,management of

of hybridity. see hybridity,management of

of mission organization. see missionorganization, management of

250 Subject Index

management – continuedof religious organization. see

religious organization,management of

of secularizations, 196of voluntary organization. see

voluntary organization,management of

of volunteers. see volunteers,management of

practice, 68private sector methods, 8, 13, 62public sector methods, 60, 62resource, 92science, 163secular techniques, 13, 151self-serving, 41staff, 68–9strategy. see strategy, managementstructure, 200style, 62, 201system, 41team, 61, 96, 180voluntary, 12voluntary sector methods, 62

management theorycritical, 163, 165problematic, 163scientific, 200secular, xi, 34–6, 41, 51, 62, 73,

79–82, 100–3, 106–7, 113,126–7, 156, 159, 165, 170, 174,189–91, 195, 197, 199–200, 202

manager, 38as entrepreneur, 177ethical, 160production, 37professional, 11public sector, 203research and development, 40sales, 37, 40secular, 64, 154skillful, 26voluntary sector, 8

marginalization, 12, 119, 123, 155market, 28, 37, 100, 157–8

changing, 178competitive, 8, 37, 100, 102,

157, 199

conditions, 36, 40, 100, 180contract, 75, 127, 157different, 101, 175entrepreneur in, 197firm as surrogate, 157global, 176, 197ideal, 65incentive, 164information in, 126, 156–7. see also

informationleadership, 100local, 176mechanisms, 156new, 100, 176niche, 46, 198regional, 100regulated, 157, 160–1relationships in, 127religious, 198–200share, 37transaction, 73, 75, 156–7,

163–4, 197market/organization, 157–8, 163

spectrum, 51, 101–2, 104, 136, 157transactions, 73, 75, 157–8

marketization of public services, 151marriage, 8, 69

heterosexual, 75homosexual, 117

martyr, 114, 170mass production, 197McDonaldization, 34, 197mediating institution. see institution,

mediatingmediation of external authority

structure, 18, 24, 190–2megachurch, 198member/membership, of congegation

accountability of, 27, 33, 191action for social justice, 118, 145,

153. see also social justiceas constituting the Church, 18, 200as customer, 199authority of, 8, 13, 16, 25–7, 42–3,

45, 153, 187, 190–1autonomy of, 34, 42, 188change in, 153concept of, 122cosmopolitan. see cosmopolitan

Subject Index 251

culture of, 45, 87decline in, 189definition of, 18–19, 21, 23differences between, 50, 87, 145effect of congregation on, 165embedded, 181exploitation of, 165funding of congregation. see

congregation, funding ofgoals of, 45–6governance by, 187group of. see groupincome of. see incomeincrease in, 26interests of, 122, 153localist/locally oriented. see locally

orientedlocation of, 118mindset of, 47minister as, 128–9moving to new congregation, 78,

180–1needs of, 18, 154, 198–9new, 26, 34, 183, 189, 191of clergy, 20, 103, 168. see also clergyof denomination, x, 1–2, 20, 27, 87,

92, 96–7, 104, 107of sect, 19–20, 42, 145political engagement, 146proclamation by, 45quiet care by. see quiet carerecruitment of, 20, 44, 173, 183relationship with faith-based

organization, 58, 146, 151, 188,194–5

relationships between, 1, 21, 33, 122retention of, 34secularization of, 188. see also

secularizationskills of, 144, 155social capital of, 173–4social class of. see classsocialization of, 158welfare provision within, 145, 153.

see also welfare provisionMember of Parliament, 118memorandum and articles, 193

menas faith leaders, 123–5religious volunteers, 145technical roles, 153

mental health, 59merger

of companies, 96, 101–2of denominations, 11, 22–3, 104of faith communities, 105of faith-based organizations, 79, 81of mission organizations, 79–81

Messy Church, 183Methodist Church, 9, 17, 22, 33, 76,

111, 132, 182–3Methodist Missionary Society, 76, 79Metropolitan Police Borough

Commander, 132Mexico, 175microeconomics, 101migrants, 44, 65, 131Millennium Dome/Exhibition,

108, 168minister, xvii–xviii

accountability of, 13, 24–9, 39,42, 92

appraisal of, 13, 25–6as chaplain/missioner, 70, 72, 85as member of congregation, 94,

128–9as member of party, 95as volunteer manager, 187authority of, 13, 24, 27–8, 43, 92,

128, 190career, 29–32competition between, 100conservative, 94denominational, 9, 14, 20, 22, 24,

28–9, 32, 39, 42–3, 46, 92ecumenism, 92, 94effectiveness of, 26–8isomorphism of, 94. see also

isomorphismlength of tenure, 16, 32–3mindset of, 46–7, 92of new congregation, 180of parish, 193payment of, 13, 29, 128–9professional, 32

252 Subject Index

minister – continuedrelationships between, 1, 20, 22,

84, 132relationship to secular authorities,

112, 118, 125, 132relocation of, 13–14, 29, 31, 70skills of, 14training of, 72, 203see also clergy

minority, 41–2, 98see also majority; conversion

missionactivity, 128, 169, 183agency, 192. see also mission

organizationbureaucratization of. see

bureaucratization, of missionactivity

Christian, 68, 72denominational, 12, 76, 79–80drift, 187–8, 194–5industrial. see industrial missionorganization. see mission

organizationurban, 154

mission organization, 192boundary spanning, 130challenges, 71–2, 78change in, 73chaplaincy as, 82, 85characteristics of, 51definition of, 50–1examples of, 70–1funding of, 12, 71–2, 80, 182–4independence of, 76innovation in, 51, 78management of, 79merger of, 79–81open system, 77proclamation as purpose, 72, 80relationship to denomination, 12,

76, 79–80relationship to faith-based

organizations, 72, 81relationship to religious

organizations, 1, 53relationship to secular

organizations, 1survival of, 71

tasks of, 52–3, 71see also kingdom organization

missional community, 72, 77missionary, 70, 72missionary organization, 158money, 3–4, 8, 15–16, 23, 37, 52, 59,

66–9, 101, 108, 126, 128–9, 158,165, 188, 194. see also funding

monitoring, 24, 65, 67, 157monopoly, 100, 157moral, ix, 27

agenda/framework, 85, 152compass, 159duty of care, 161rights, 159vision, 121

morality, ix, 152see also social morality

Moravian Church, 19, 54motivation, 35–6, 62–3, 65, 173,

175, 187ecumenical, 96of religious capital, 121, 173of welfare activity, 141personal, 62, 153religious, 82, 84, 149, 164see also demotivation

Muhammad, 98multi-faith

activity, 7, 97–100, 110–11, 169chaplaincy, 78, 83–4, 86–7, 99,

106–7forum, 123, 134funeral, 99organizations. see organizations,

multi faithpilgrimage, 99project, 105, 108, 134, 174relationships, 92, 97, 99, 123, 169

society, 84, 111welfare provision, 100see also inter faith

multinational company, 36musician, 31Muslim, 98–9, 108, 111, 117, 134

organization. see organization,Muslim

school, 99

Subject Index 253

mutualaccountability. see accountability,

mutualadjustment, 157–8assistance, 15, 156responsibility, 16, 49

Nash equilibrium, 37National Council for Voluntary

Organizations, 8National Health Service, 31–2, 84, 132National Lottery, 74, 108nationality, 117needs

individual/personal, 4, 36, 40, 58,82–3, 106, 109, 114, 130, 132,140, 142, 148, 150, 163, 165–7,169, 199–200

religious/spiritual, 82–4, 199social, 109, 129social welfare, 129, 153spiritual, 82–3, 106, 148stakeholder, 162see also member, needs

Neighbourhood Watch, 184network

accountability, 15, 24, 28–9, 33, 85,188, 192

community, 123–4congregation as, 173faith, 125, 146, 148–9, 155family, 105formal, 121friendship, 105informal, 121of authorities, 24, 28of congregations, 76, 78, 92, 155,

179–80, 192of outlets, 101of relationships, 33, 35, 38, 99,

119–20, 122, 146, 148–9,155, 173

of sales agents, 101organization as, 197social, 122, 146, 148–9, 155, 173

neutral territory, 148new and changing communities, x,

14, 129, 146, 168–70, 172–4

New Testament, xii, 2, 4, 43, 45, 87,116–1, 130, 164, 170, 181,191, 201

see also scripturesNew Wine Church, 133NGO, 65niche market, 46, 198night shelter, 55, 155non-profit. see not-for-profitnormative

compliance structure. seecompliance structure,normative

federation, 21–2isomorphism. see isomorphism,

normativestructure. see structure, normative

norms, 12, 22, 32, 113, 123, 126–7,145, 156–8, 173

Northern Ireland, ixnot-for-profit, 54, 199

oath of allegiance, 25objective

company, 36, 74, 104–5congregational, 13deparmental, 74external, 105faith community, 105, 202management by -s, 13organizational, 74, 156, 187personal, 38, 69, 74, 105religious, 74, 202satisficed, 176secular, 74–5subsidiary, 74survival as, 74

objects of company or trust, 193obligations, 75, 152, 160–1observer, 200office-holder

congregational, xvii, 2, 93, 187denominational, 97

offshoring, 197Old Testament, see New Testament;

scriptures, Jewisholigopoly, 100Olympic and Paralympic Games,

132–3

254 Subject Index

open system. see system, openordinand, ordination candidate, 40,

46–7ordination

decleration at, 24of women, 15training, 30, 40, 70

organization/organizationalactivity. see agency activityaim, 44, 48, 66, 94, 176, 187. see also

organization/organizationalgoals

autonomous, 11, 17, 30–1, 34, 43,47, 103, 153, 164

behaviour, 6, 13, 22–3, 27, 45–6, 51,66, 81, 97, 101, 103–4, 119,127, 160–1, 163, 188, 200

boundary, xvii, 5–6, 18–22, 43, 87,91, 93–4, 107, 119–20, 122,130, 151, 163, 174, 191–3, 197

bureaucratic. see bureaucracycapital, 127central, 17centralized, 11–12, 17–18, 21, 36challenges, 186–203charitable. see charitable company;

charitable trust; charityChristian, xi, xiv, 33, 45, 50, 56, 71,

73, 113, 117, 120, 133, 138,144, 172, 202

closure, 40, 59, 80, 92, 187, 189,192–3

constituents of, 6critique of, 165culture. see culture, organizational;

congregation, culture of; firm,culture of

definition of, 69, 156, 163denominational. see

denominational organizationdifferentiated, 7distinct(ive) 9, 21, 120, 123, 125,

129, 131, 146, 149, 151,157–8, 197

diversity of, 19, 62, 117, 120, 173,187, 192–3, 195, 198

educational, 57engagement, ix, 65–7, 92–3, 106,

109, 113, 117–19, 124–5, 130–2,

135, 144–6, 148, 150, 152–4,165, 168, 173–4, 176, 183

environment of. see environment,organizational

evangelistic, 71, 104, 183, 199faith-based. see faith-based

organizationsfluid, 156, 178, 193formal, 11, 17–18, 148formalization of. see formalizationfranchise. see franchisefunding of. see fundingglobal, 33–4, 176goals of. see goals, organizationalgoverning body of. see governing

bodyhierarchical. see hierarchyhybrid. see hybrid organizationindependent, 1, 4, 12, 29, 47–8, 54,

71, 73, 76–7, 81–2, 92, 94, 100,118, 132–3, 136, 155, 179, 190,192–3

informal, 38, 49, 158, 163, 192information. see information

organizationinstability, 49interests, 11, 160, 163international, 17isomorphism of. see isomorphismJewish, xikingdom. see kingdom organizationlanguage, 130. see also literacylarge, 35, 100, 150/market spectrum, transaction. see

market/organizationmission. see mission organizationmulti faith, xi–xii, 107multi-organizational, 103Muslim, 67national, 2, 11, 16–17, 33non-sectarian, 149norms. see normsnon-profit. see not-for-profitnot-for-profit. see not-for-profitobjective of. see objectiveopen system. see system, openpolicy of. see policypolitical. see political organization

Subject Index 255

politics in, 44. see also politics,organizational

post-holders in. see alsopost-holder

position in, 39power in, 37, 40–2. see also powerpriorities, 68private sector. see private sector

organizationprocess, 34, 68, 76, 94–5, 101, 123,

147, 149, 153, 157–8, 162, 176,178–9, 181, 190, 192, 196, 198,200, 202

professional, 158public sector. see public sector

organizationpurpose of. see purpose,

organizationalregional, 9, 15–17, 21, 29–30, 46, 54,

95, 10, 103, 112–13, 123–4, 159religious. see religious organizationrelationships between, x, xiii, 6,

8–9, 42, 68, 87, 102, 104–5, 110,128–30, 134, 146

representative, 125, 133representative of, 10, 20, 61, 72, 76,

89,95, 108, 118, 123–5, 131–5,155, 184

secular. see secular organizationsservice. see service organizationsmall, 21, 48, 79, 114, 147, 150,

154, 174, 177, 179, 189social welfare. see social welfare

organizationspectrum. see spectrum,

organizationalstaff post, 39State. see State organizationstructure. see structure,

organizationalsurvival of, 6, 8, 46, 71, 74, 92, 154,

170, 177, 188, 194temporary, 125third-sector. see voluntary

organizationturmoil, 196umbrella, 8–9, 16–18, 44,

124, 166unity. see unity, organizational

values of. see values, organizationalvoluntary. see voluntary (sector)

orgnizationOrganization Development, 179orphan, 114Orthodox Church, 117, 201outcomes, 15, 37, 39, 44, 67, 103, 164,

176–8outputs, 102, 150, 158outsourcing, 150, 198

Pakistan, ix, 117parachurch organization, 199parish, 1, 8–10, 14–19, 23, 27, 31, 39,

44, 46, 54, 61, 65, 72, 94–5, 118,129, 151, 192–3

population of, 18, 23territorial, 23, 118

Parish of East Greenwich, xv, 23,109, 168

Parliament, 54, 117–18parliamentary constituency, 118Parochial Church Council, 9, 17, 31,

129, 192partnership

board, 122–6, 131, 174business, 31civil, 117faith/secular, 57, 183formal, 149–50informal, 149inter-sector, 8, 55, 66, 150–2strategic, 101–2, 104–5, 131

party, ecclesiastical, 47passion play, 70, 104pastoral care, xvii–xviii, 22–3, 32, 71,

83, 109, 128path dependency, 121patronage system, 4, 192payment

of salary/stipend, 13, 15–16, 72, 80,129, 175

of tax, xv, 54, 115–17, 28, 153, 162,165–7

peace, 89, 98, 116, 172mala, 99network, 147pagoda, 99vigil, 135

256 Subject Index

pension scheme, 71pentecostal church. see church,

pentecostalPeople of God, 190persecution, 2, 6, 114, 116–17, 170personal

commitment, 145enthusiasms, 188evangelism, 71experience, xvifactors, 160irreducibility of the, 140,

148, 163objectives/motives, 74, 105, 179pronoun, xviirelationships, 4, 76–7, 132, 174satisfaction, 177story, 46support, 20, 40values, 69, 161

personalityforce of, 19, 38, 48founding, 20sale of, 199types, 145

personnel, 7, 9, 16, 48, 59, 63,69–70, 100, 117, 119, 130,146, 202

Pharisees, 88, 115pioneer, 78, 182–4planning, 7, 30, 44, 131, 153, 162,

182, 185pluralism, 119, 156Poland, 117police

chaplaincy, 132community support officer, 184consultation with, 112Metropolitan, 112, 132station, 109–10

policydenominational, 28formation, 65government, ix, 65, 150making, xiii, 65, 107, 131, 167organizational, 95, 107, 196public, 159–60, 162

politicalaction, 48, 146activity, 41, 45, 153. see also politics,

organizationalcapital. see capital, politicalchurches as, 112coalition, 41decision-making. see

decision-making, politicalmodel

ecclesiastical, 47factors, 161games, 42grouping, 17institution, 78management as, 163organization, 146process, 41skills, 38territory, 32

politicsChristians in, 174democratic, 119organizational, 2, 36, 38–9, 42,

44–5, 47. see also politicalactivity

Pope, the, 17, 25, 35, 77, 201post

application for, 12, 15, 30, 58chaplaincy, 80, 100incumbency/ministry, 16, 23, 28–9,

31, 187redundancy of, 186–7

post-holdercompany, 101denominational. see

denominational post-holderpaid, 15, 188

postmodernaspects, 198era, 197firm. see firm, postmodernorganization, 197world, 94

poverty, 3, 70, 147, 152, 154, 167power, 38–42

and politics, 38, 44and responsibility, 14asymmetrical, 163

Subject Index 257

balance of 38bargaining, 100bureaucratic, 39–40coercive, 28, 39cultural, 38definition of, 37–8denominational, 2, 16,

18, 46disciplinary, 40distance 175expert, 39hidden, 40lack of, 46, 154latent, 40leader, 39, 199legitimate, 39pull techniques, 40push techniques, 40referent, 39reward, 38–9self-serving, 41socialized, 41ubiquitous, 41

prayer, 4, 51, 53, 71, 90, 94, 96, 108–9,116, 140, 174

Friday, 109group, 21mat, 82space, 82, 100, 106, 108–10

predictability, 31, 41, 100, 198preferential option for the poor, 77preferred supplier, 101–2, 104–5Presbyterian Church, 117president of temple, 125press office, 7press, the, 112priest, xvii–xviii, 9, 24, 27, 35–6, 46,

118, 132, 201see also clergy; minister

primary authority structure. seeauthority structure, primary

Primary Care Trust, 184principal/agent theory, 24, 28, 35prison, 114, 139, 165

chaplain. see chaplain, prisonservice, 81thought -, 40

prisoner, 143former, 61-’s dilemma, 37, 102

private sector, 55–6accountability in, 24characteristics of, 57, 62critique of, 153–5games in, 42literature, xiimanagement methods from, 7–8,

13, 16, 34, 36, 42, 62organization, 42relationships with other sectors, 8,

53, 61, 69, 74, 104, 109, 120,129, 155, 174, 189

representatives of, 126structures, 10study of, 202

procedures, 176accounting, 7disciplinary, 22

proclamationas imperative, x, 9, 13, 44–5, 76,

164, 170, 173, 192, 202as religious activity, 52–3, 61, 82as purpose of mission organization,

50, 71–3, 78, 80–1, 85–6by apostles, 52–3, 89, 96, 170,

185–6by congregation, 18, 24, 33, 73, 148,

181, 188, 192by Jesus, 143by religious orders, 70Christian, 104critique as, 165

product, 40–1, 100–1, 157–8, 175,177–8, 198

customized, 197production, 37, 101–2, 127, 152, 157,

181, 197mass-, 197–8

professionalbody, 7career, 29–30clergy, 7, 32ecumenical, 32norms of, 32organization, 158secular, 76

258 Subject Index

professional – continuedspiritual care, 83–4volunteer management as, 8

profitmaximization of, 36, 102, 176repatriation of, 121

projectBeacon, 182–4building, 7, 167choice of, 68congregational, 57development, 70ecumenical, 99, 132faith-based, 121, 188, 194funding of, 74, 187–8joint, 22, 101, 103, 105, 135multi faith, 98–100, 105–6, 108,

134, 174regeneration, 113, 148research, 141, 156social justice, 144–5, 164. see also

social justicesocial welfare, 7, 21, 145, 147–8,

169, 173. see also social welfarespecial, 14-specific, 66

prophet, 2, 5, 89, 98, 142–4, 152prophetic activity, 152Protestant

Christians, 144denominations, 77reform movement. see reform

movement, Protestantpsychologist, 37psychological

needs. see needs, psychologicalpossibility, 95theory, 199

publicapprobation, 115, 119authority. see authority, publicbenefit, 9, 53–4, 61, 128expenditure, 186morals, ixpolicy, 159–60, 162sacrament, 174services, 151transport, 168

public sector, x, 55–6, 60accountability in, 24board members from, 64, 76characteristics of, 57, 62clergy in, 22communication with, 67contracts. see contract, public sectorcritique of, 153–5expectations of other sectors, 149funding from. see funding, from

government/public sectorliterature, xiimanager, 203management methods from, 7–8,

13, 16, 34, 36, 42, 60, 62organization, 42, 68, 129, 150–1partnership boards. see partnership

boardrelationships with other sectors, 8,

53, 59, 61, 69, 74, 104, 109,120, 129, 132, 149, 151, 155,174, 189

representatives of, 126structures, 10study of, 202

publishing, 19, 104, 199purpose

charitable, 9, 53–4, 128evangelistic, 183of business, 160, 162, 164of life, 152of congregation, 13, 173, 188, 201of faith–based organization, x, 50,

52–3, 63, 66, 72–4, 187of inter-faith organization, 105of mission organization, 50–1, 53,

72, 80of multi-faith organization, 98–9,

106of religious organization, 173of voluntary organization, 8, 120,

187, 194organizational, 63welfare, 120, 147

quality of life, 160, 169quiet care. see care, quietQur’an, the, 98, 104

Subject Index 259

Ravensbourne College, 109–10, 168recession, 182reconciliation, 19–20, 67recruitment

of congregation members, 19–20,42, 180

of employees, 58, 60, 64, 68–9, 176of ministers, 31, 36of missionaries, 71of governing body, 50, 58, 68, 76of volunteers, 60, 64, 68, 85, 145,

166, 186–7, 194–5Reform, 95reform

ecclesiastical, 22movement, 77

Reformation, the, 136, 201reformed church. see church, reformedregeneration

activity, 100, 147of community, 172programmes, 147project, 14, 113, 148see also economic regeneration

regional. see organization, regionalregulation

of chaplaincies, 100of charities, 54, 128of congregation/denomination, 1,

6–7, 44, 76, 140, 180of companies, 160–1of ecumenical relationships, 95of market, 157

relationshipsecumenical. see ecumenical

relationshipsexternal, x–xiinter faith. see inter faith

relationshipsinternal, xmulti faith. see multi faith

relationshipsreligion

advancement of, 9, 109, 128, 147as a category, xias a market. see market, religiousbenign, 118Christian, 17, 84, 169

constitutive of faith-basedorganization, 56, 59

distinctive –s, xi, 98, 104effect of sacred texts on, xiiimportance of, ix, 202informational, 198mass-production, 198modern, 198official, 117plural, 69, 98, 104, 119practised at home, 145privatization of, 202relationship to ethnicity and

nationality, 117relationship to volunteering, 144relationship with welfare provision,

114, 122, 136, 141research on, 141, 156respect for, 119worship as location of, 96, 169

religiousactivity, 61, 65, 71, 74, 109, 138,

145–6, 189, 198. see alsoaffective activity

affiliation, 58, 105, 144, 151belief, 21capital. see capital, religiouschaplaincy as, 106conflict, ixcongregation as, 11, 18, 130, 191convictions, 68, 152duty, 140education. see education, religiousera, 90experience, 55, 190, 198funding, 151, 194. see also fundinggoals. see goalshistory, 112inspiration, 69language, 67, 130, 146literacy, 67, 130, 202market-place. see market, religiousmotivation, 149mutual assistance as, 15needs. see needs, religious/spiritualnot-for-profit. see not-for-profitobjective, 74order, 27, 53, 70, 73, 76–7

260 Subject Index

religious – continuedorganization. see religious

organization; congregation;church

practice, ix, 44purpose, 54, 72resources, 119, 199sector, 54–5, 56–7, 60, 71, 74, 119,

122–3, 202secularization, 189–90. see also

secularization, religioustasks, 52–3thought categories, 11tradition, 50, 53, 55–7, 60, 84, 106,

145, 152values, 147volunteers, 151. see also

volunteerwelfare provision as, 136

religious organizationas religious, 96authority structures of. see authority

structurebureaucratization of. see

bureaucratizationcentralized, 36challenges facing, xii, 151,

185–94, 197changing, 156, 196characteristics of, x, xiii, 55,

151, 199charitable, 53, 128Christian, xi, 202compliance structures of. see

compliance structurescongregation as prototypical, 1, 16,

18, 30, 76, 113, 179, 181conservative, 153constitution of, 193critique by, 121culture of, 180. see also

congregation, culture ofdefinition of, x, 1, 72denomination as, 33distinctive, 27, 54, 57, 107, 120,

123, 128, 146, 151–2formalization of. see formalizationglobal, 33–4

governance of, ix, 187. seegovernance

hierarchies in. see hierarchyisomorphism of. see isomorphismmanagement of, xi, xii, xiv, xv, 13,

63–4, 106, 156, 165, 187–94,200, 202–3

mission organization as, 51network accountability of. see

accountability, networknetwork-creating, 173political capital of, 121politics in. see politics; politicalprotection against secularization

of, 80regeneration activity of, 172, 181relationships of, ix, x, 50, 52–3, 55,

58–61, 68–70, 73–7, 84, 113,117, 127, 129, 134, 151,174, 181

representative of, 125–6resources of, 122, 149sacred text of, xiisector, 54secular literacy of, 130secularization of. see secularizationsocial justice role of, 152–5. see also

social justicestructure. see structure, of religious

organizationtheology of, 92welfare role of, 120–1, 148, 150–3,

155. see also social welfareworship the defining activity

of, 120see also congregation; church;

Church; faith-basedorganization

religious/secular spectrum, 51, 53, 57,59–61, 63–4, 66, 68–70, 74–5,79–82, 84, 86, 104, 106–7, 119,147–8, 181, 196

representativeof clergy, 10of the Church, 133of congregation, 72, 89, 118,

125, 135of denomination, 20, 72, 95, 125,

133, 155

Subject Index 261

of faith sector, 122–5, 133–5of mission organization, 76of religious organization, 61, 72, 134of secular organization, 61, 108,

132, 184research

and development, 40literature, xi, xv–xvi, 2, 97, 179religious sector, 10, 32, 56, 58, 60,

62–4, 73, 83, 107, 131, 141, 156private sector, 107, 120, 176,

179, 200voluntary sector, 6, 120

residents’ association, 183resource mobilization theory, 92resources, 13, 23, 28–9, 37–9, 44, 59,

70, 83–4, 119–20, 122, 126,146–7, 194, 198–9

financial, 7, 15–16, 92, 126, 149,165, 188

human. see human resourcesmaterial, 3, 92, 155shortage, 188, 193theological, 92, 141, 191, 199

responsibilitycorporate social, 158–62for reconciliation, 67legal, 161mutual, 16pastoral, xvii–xviii, 83. see also

pastoral careposition of, 29–30, 95power and, 14social, 80, 136

restrictive practice, 97resurrection, of Jesus, 3, 53, 90,

115, 170reward

for compliance, 40for service, 141informal personal, 127, 177power. see power, reward

rights, 147, 152, 159, 161risk, 7, 37, 64–5, 89, 97, 163, 176–7role

denominational, 46in bureaucracy, 13, 22, 30, 96, 180in congregation, 94, 153leadership, 48, 68

minister’s, 24volunteer’s, 83

Roman Catholicbishop, 97chaplain, 111Church, 23, 25, 27, 36, 65, 77, 95–6,

133, 190, 193, 198, 201congregation/parish, 44, 65, 95, 97diocese, 75member, 117priest, 9, 118, 132province, 33

routinization, 15, 20, 179Royal Borough of Greenwich. see

Greenwich Borough Councilrules, 176

church representation, 193of life, 71, 73denominational, 97formal, 127–8informal, 127

rural community. see community,rural

rural dean, 10, 20

sacramentadministration of, xvii, xviii, 83Church as, 129public, 174reserved, 82

sacred texts. see scripturessafeguarding of children and

vulnerable adults, 134see also child protection

salesagent, 101department, 19, 40, 101future, 37manager, 37, 40

Salvation Army, 71, 73, 132Samaritan, 90sanctions, 38–9, 97, 127, 160–1satisficing, 176Scandinavia, 112scenario planning, 162, 179schism, 20, 77scholarship, 70

262 Subject Index

school, 70, 165business, xiv, 202faith. see faith schoolgovernor, 184state/community, 180–1, 183

Scotland, 117scriptures, 143, 185–6, 190, 201

Christian/Church’s, xi, xii, 24,164, 171

Hebrew/Jewish, xii, 139see also New Testament; Old

Testamentsect, 18–22, 47–9, 88, 93, 145, 194

boundary of, 6, 20–21reconciliation within, 19–20recruitment into, 19–20, 42

Section 106 Agreement, 184sectarian, 6, 20, 22, 48, 93, 145sector

faith. see faith sectorfaith-based, 54, 126, 202–3other (i.e., not religious) xi, 8, 27,

42, 54–5, 58, 62, 64, 81, 122,127–9, 134, 136, 144, 146,150–1, 202

private. see private sectorpublic. see public sectorreligious. see religious sectorsecular. see secular sectorsocial housing, 59third (voluntary), 150. see also

voluntary sectorvoluntary. see voluntary sector

secularactivities, 80agency, 59, 65/attached spectrum, 63authorities. see authorities, secularenvironment. see environment,

secularexpertise, 59Europe, 71/faith partnership, 57funding, 67–8, 147influence, 64, 181institution, x, 61, 69, 72, 77, 84,

110, 117, 153–5literacy, 130, 202

management theory. seemanagement theory, secular

methods, 68objectives, 74–5organization, x, 8, 13, 35, 44, 51,

57–9, 62–6, 69–70, 79, 81, 104,106–7, 111, 113, 119, 121, 124,128, 130, 145–8, 153–4. see alsobureaucracy, secular; privatesector organization; publicsector organization; voluntary(sector) organization

outcome measurements, 67outlook, 14/religious spectrum. see

religious/secular spectrumrulers, 115–16, 138, 142sector, 60, 155housing association/sector, 59, 79society/world, x, 20, 62, 69–70, 72,

74, 94, 114, 118, 128, 130, 156,172, 191

staff member, 63, 66, 76task, 68thought categories, 15training course, 64values, 68

secularist hegemony, 119secularization, ix, 188, 202

cultural, 189, 191defences against, 66institutional, 189of beliefs, 189of bishop, 14–15of congregation, 65of denominational strucure, 15of faith-based organizations, 60of ideas, 189, 191of society, 71plural, 189–90, 195–6practical, 189pressures, 64religious, 65, 189–92, 195–6state, 189

self-confidence, 41–2, 177senior management team, 96, 179–80sensory garden/room, 182

Subject Index 263

servantauthorities as, 116, 138Christian as, 4, 137, 142Church as, 129, 164Jesus as, 137minister as, 26–7, 35, 138

serviceconcept of, 150culture of. see culture of serviceentrepreneur, 177mutual, 49, 138, 150organization, 17, 58, 63–4, 71,

148–9, 151, 156, 163religious, 82, 109, 133, 183user, 200

services, 169complementary, 156, 166market for, 157–8reduction of, 186social, 57, 59, 71, 75, 182specialist, 58

shame, 127shareholder, 41, 160–1Sheffield Industrial Mission, 79shepherd, 26–7, 91, 139shopping centre, 106shrine, 90Sikh, 98, 111, 123, 125, 134skills

appropriate, 14, 31, 63, 132, 197arbitration, 95combination of, 101congregational, 173knowledge worker, 197leadership, 155literacy, 155management, 26political, 38presentational, 155professional, 158social. see social skillsstandardization of, 157–8trustees’, 59

slave, slavery, 137, 141–2, 172social

acceptance, 164action, 48, 67, 99, 131, 133,

148, 172activity, 82–3, 96, 156

agent, 152behaviour, 163benefit, 8, 119capital. see capital, socialcare. see care, socialchange, 174, 197class, 22, 145cohesion, 122, 131, 174construction, 78context, 32, 156, 173dynamics, 38, 106environment. see environment,

socialevent, 92–3, 98–9, 105, 110, 183forms, 129goods, 159–60, 182housing, 59–60, 168, 182inclusion, 65, 123. see also inclusioninequality, 167influences, 78injustice, 154, 164institution, ixissues, 112justice, x, 21, 71, 113, 121, 129–30,

136, 141–50, 152–6, 164–5, 167,169, 172

legitimation, 173life, 163morality, 153. see also moral;

moralityneeds. see needs, socialnetwork, 122norms. see normspossibility, 95pressure, 160problem, 50process, ixproject, 7, 173. see also welfare

provisionrecognition, 144resources, 120, 147responsibility , 80, 136, 158–60, 162scientist, 2security benefits, 80services. see services, socialservice organization. see

organization, social serviceskills, 144space, 63, 77, 173

264 Subject Index

social – continuedstructures, 112, 152, 163thought, 65welfare. see social welfare

social welfare, 52, 64–5, 70–1, 74, 81,147–8, 150, 152, 156, 164

organization, 66project, 7, 21, 144, 147–8see also welfare provision

socialization, 145, 158, 160society

American, 34bible, 99civic, 125civil, 112, 119, 124–5, 128contractualized, 156critique of, 121, 165culture of, 191enclosed, 19global, 159informally organized, 158marginalization by, 155multi faith. see multi-faith societynational, 159plural, 119, 130, 152regional, 159religious history of, 112secular. see secular societyservice to, 23, 136, 150, 164shaping of, 74values of, 159–60, 162

Society of Jesus, 77sociology, 37sole trader, 177solidarity, 140, 147soup kitchen, 155South American Missionary

Society, 79South London Industrial Mission, 80Southern Baptists, 31Southwark and London Diocesan

Housing Association, 60space

consultation, 131financial, 63–4industrial, 182meeting, 131neutral. see neutral spaceoffice, 182

physical, 174prayer, 82, 100, 106, 109–10social, 63–4, 77, 173worship, 22

span of control, 35specification

of part, 101of product, 157of task, 126

spectrumco-operation, 101–4linear, 55–7market/organization. see

market/organization spectrumreligious/secular. see

religious/secular spectrumspiritual

blessings, 3capital. see capital, spiritualcare, 83Church as, 77counsel, 83health, of congregation,188ministries, 49needs. see needs, spiritualwelfare. see welfare, spiritual

St Christopher’s Hospice, 81–4stability, periods of, 49, 103, 108, 163,

174, 177, 179staff member

activity, 107, 128, 149, 186,188, 194

allocation of, 23behaviour of, 34department, 42ethics of, 161from other sectors, 8, 59–60, 66, 81function, 39hospital, 84management of, 68mission organization, 51motivation, 62–3, 187ownership by, 8paid, 8, 75, 83, 128, 149–50, 166,

186, 188position, 39post, 30qualified, 7recruitment of, 64, 68–9, 106

Subject Index 265

relationship with client, 59relationships, 74religious convictions of, 60, 62–3school, 99secularization of, 64senior, 46shedding, 101, 186supply of, 64training, 68values of. see values, of staff membervolunteer management by,

187–8, 194stagnation, 190–1stakeholder, 27, 74, 160–2, 164standardized

measures, 73methods, 197norms, 158outputs, 158processes, 158skills, 157–8

Starbucks, 17, 31State

accountability to, 8church relationship with, 112,

115–17, 129–30, 145, 151church critique of, 156church social justice work in

relation to, 156denomination’s relationship with,

117–18European, 65faith community relationships

with, 118ideal, 65local manifestations of,

113, 117nation, 65, 136organization, 117regulation, 54secularization. see secularization,

statestructure. see structure, statewelfare, 152welfare provision. see welfare

provision, Statestatistics, 147, 164stipend, 29, 129storytelling, 183

strategicactivity/behaviour, 13, 38, 97decisions, 150partnership, 101–2, 104–5, 174planning, 182

strategyagreed, 102, 187bargaining over, 38business, 162change in, 72corporate social responsibility,

162, 164denominational, 7evolution of, 100formulation of, 122, 132funding, 187global, 36goal-directed, 40–1, 164in faith-based organization, 122in new contexts, 176management, 11robust, 152

Street Pastors, 132, 145, 155structural relationship, 55, 58, 60, 85,

102, 110, 112structure

ambiguous, 39appropriate, 132–3, 201authority. see authority structurebureaucratic, 1, 10, 12, 14, 21, 93career, 30cognitive, 163compliance. see compliance

structurecongregational, x, 7, 9, 11–12, 27,

43, 48, 77, 173 187, 192, 200contract, 158corporate social responsibility, 162democratic, 1denominational, x, 8–12, 14–15, 22,

30, 34, 42–3, 71, 78, 92, 95–6,103, 112, 145, 179–80, 192, 199

devolved, 36diocesan, 12, 19, 22, 33diverse, 48, 146, 193evolved, 193federal, 1flatter, 35

266 Subject Index

structure – continuedflexible, 178, 198from other sectors, 202funding, 183governance, 27, 35, 107, 138,

192, 201hierarchical, 77, 104, 192increasing, 52informal, 38, 163innovation, 179inter-faith, 134–5internal, 25layers, 179loose, 77management. see management

structuremanagement of, xmatrix, 177–8mission, 12national, 9, 12, 21, 31normative, 163of relationships, 158, 177of religious organization, xorganic, 180organizational, 6–7, 36, 40–1, 44,

48, 51, 120, 145parish/parochial, 151, 193payment, 183recruitment, 31regional, 9regulative, 163representative, 135social. see social structuresstate, 10, 65subsidiary, 193synodical, 192taller, 35theological, 98, 201traditional, 201–2two-tier, 128welfare, 147workgroup, 178

subgroup, 6, 21, 153subordinate, in private sector

organization, 13, 158subsidiarity, 140substance abuser, 155

supplier, 100–2, 160, 199preferred, 101–2, 105local, 176

Sure Start, 184synagogue, 89, 142–4, 185–6system

benefits, xvbureaucratic, 34business, 160denominational, 14legal, 157management, 41medical notes, 83open, 9, 64, 77–8, 197organizational, 6parish, 23, 118, 192patronage, 14values, 121, 162welfare, 148

target, 12, 26–7, 62tax

authorities, 54avoidance, 121, 153, 167bedroom, 165–6compensatory, 162exemptions, 54reclaim, 54, 128registration, 54Roman, 115, 117system, xv

teaching, xvii, 47–8, 53, 88, 99,136, 183

team, 38-building, 179challenges for, 178chaplaincy, 72, 79–82, 84–6,

99–100, 106–7, 109effective, 178flexible, 197independent, 71industrial mission. see team,

chaplaincyineffective, 178leadership. see leadership, teammanagement. see management,

teammerger, 79–80multi-disciplinary, 83–4

Subject Index 267

multi-faith, 106–7, 109spiritual caregivers, 83–4volunteer welcomers, 109working, 197

technology, 78, 190, 200change in. see change, technological

temple, 98, 115, 125, 137tension, 41, 43, 60, 75, 79, 99Thames Gateway, 182–3Thamesmead, 165–6The O2, 109, 167theological

changing, 98characteristics, 15, 96college, 30, 47, 192convictions, 10, 88, 145differences, 10, 32, 88, 91, 96, 98distinctiveness, 94factors, 201issues, 92language, 35literature, 140objectives, 74resources, 141structure. see structure, theologicaltendencies, 192training, 183underpinning, 90unities, 91, 96, 141values, 92views, 1, 92

theologyconservative, 94, 122, 145experimental, 77founding, 20liberal, 145liberation, 77local, 141mission, 79worship as location of, 96

third world solidarity, 147tit-for-tat, 103toddler group. see carers’ and toddlers’

grouptrade union, 38, 41, 73, 65, 93, 95tradition. see Christian traditiontraditional authority. see authority,

traditional

training, 13, 17congregational, 48, 78control of, 17course, 39, 46, 64, 72faith-friendly, 65lay, 78medical, 82of chaplains, 110of clergy, 30, 39, 46, 70, 72, 99safeguarding, 28–9secular, 181staff, 68volunteer, 194

transaction costs, 75transformation, 50, 82, 140,

171–2, 177transport, 3, 100, 168, 172, 176trial and error, 177Trussell Trust, 155, 166trust, 5

charitable, xv, 47, 54, 70, 128, 155culture of, see culture, of trustdeed, 129, 193development, 184development of, 127lack of, 102network of, 119patronage, 192patterns of, 119relationships of, 119, 135

trustee, 8, 48, 59, 76, 106–7, 109,128–9, 150, 152, 166, 200

recruitment. see recruitment oftrustees

unpaid, 128turbulence, 32, 103, 108twelve, the, 51–2

umbrella organization. seeorganization, umbrella

uncertainty, 39, 40, 158, 176–7, 198unecumenical, 97–8unemployment, 166unfreezing / changing / freezing, 178United Reformed Church, 111, 132United Society for the Propagation of

the Gospel, 70United States of America, 10, 31, 50,

54, 56, 58, 61, 121, 146, 199

268 Subject Index

unityChristian, 77, 89, 95–7Eucharistic, 96fundamental, 103in Christ, 91organic, 23organizational, 95–6ultimate, 107

university chaplain. see chaplain,university

unsocial hours, 74urban

change, 172community. see community,

urbanlife, 171mission, 154priority area, 131regeneration, 148, 174

utilitarianethics, 159compliance structure. see

compliance structure

valueschanging, 68–9economic, 159environmental, 161ideals of welfare, 62, 140internalization of, 75of staff member, 69of volunteer, 69, 149organizational, 63, 68, 74–5,

120, 162personal, 69, 148religious, 63, 68, 140, 147, 149, 173secular, 68shared, 123system, 121theological, 92, 140–1

Vatican, 77Vineyard Churches, 78, 183violence, ix, 114, 186voluntary

action, 8, 144–6, 161association, 8, 95, 106, 192congregation as, 198funding, 16. see also congregation,

funding

labour, 63, 128, 147, 149, 199management, 12. see also

management, voluntaryspiritual care as, 83street pastor, 132trustee, 8, 60work, 150

voluntary organization, 7–8as business, 8challenges, 151, 185–7, 194–6charitable status of, 54clergy in, 22contract, 151, 163culture of trust in, 129. see also

culture of trustestablishment of, 173formalization in. see formalizationfunding of, 120–1, 146, 150,

187–8, 194governance of, 150hierarchical, 15hybridization, 151–2isomorphism in, 8, 149, 151. see also

isomorphismmanagement of, 36merger with faith-based

organization, 80national, 16partnership, 8path dependent, 121purpose of, 120rules designed for, 128Salvation Army as, 71secular, 67, 80, 84, 121, 149, 187–8small, 150social action, 67social capital of, 121. see also capital,

socialsocial justice work, 155staff member, 64, 150, 186, 194. see

also staff memberuntidy, 12

voluntary sector, 8, 55, 202academies in, 61appraisal in, 13as mediating institution, 119as secular, 60authority structure internal, x, 42bureaucratization of, 8

Subject Index 269

challenges, 185–7funding, 61housing associations in, 59hybridization in, 150isomorphism in, 8. see also

isomorphismliterature, xiimanager, 8, 64management theory, 62organization. see voluntary

organizationownership by paid staff, 8relationship with congregations, 69,

122, 173–4relationship with faith-based

organizations, 53, 55–7, 60, 64,74, 122, 126, 174, 194, 196

relationships with other sectors,104, 129, 149

relationship with religious sector,123, 126, 169, 187, 192

religious organizations in/not in, 57representative of, 122, 126secular, 120, 149trustee, 64, 76umbrella organization, 8university departments, 202welfare project/role, 120, 146, 148–9see also secular voluntary sector

volunteeras resource, 126chaplain, 85, 100, 109Christian, 126, 144–5, 166, 194–5.

see also Christian volunteeringfemale, 145from secular sector, 64in congregation, 146, 149,

187–8, 200in faith-based organization, 50, 74,

146, 149, 166, 195, 200in hospice, 83in inter-faith forum, 123–4in mission organization, 51in religious organization, 149, 187in secular organization, 107, 122,

144–6leader. see leader, volunteermanagement of, 186–8, 194motivation of, 62

ownership by, 8personal objectives/values of, 69,

74–5, 151, 194recruitment. see recruitment,

volunteerrelationship with client, 59religious, 145, 151, 194–5secular, 64training ofvalues of. see values, of volunteerwelcome, 109

Wandsworth, 148water supply, 157way of being, 150welfare. see social welfare

budget, 129ideals of, 62, 140–1, 150public, 149relationship to social justice, 152spiritual, 148state, 152see also utilitarian ethics

wellbeing, 150, 152Welfare and Religion in a European

Perspective (WREP) researchproject, 141, 156

welfare provision, x, 138buildings for, 147Christian, 144, 146congregational, 2, 113, 144–5, 150,

155, 164contract for, 122, 150, 156faith-based, 120–1, 126, 129, 146,

149, 152, 155, 163–4, 169, 202funding of, 146gap-filling, 156holistic 151material, 156mediator, 148multi-faith, 100non-material, 156religious, 120–1, 126, 129, 136, 141,

146–7, 149–53, 155–6, 202secular, 147State, 136, 148, 156, 167structured, 147–8see also social welfare

whistle-blower, 162

270 Subject Index

widow, 51–2, 114, 140, 144women

as faith community representatives,124–5

clergy, 95Greek, 186group of, 99leading, 185leading on welfare and social

justice, 121–2ministry of, 78Muslim, 99relational work, 153religious orders, 70volunteers, 145

Word/word of God, 51, 90–1, 186,190–1

word and deed, x, 18, 50, 72–3, 76, 80,190, 192

workcaring, 153full-time, routine, 197group, 175, 177–8hard, 4, 177in city, 172in community, 169life balance, 177long hours at, 187multitasking, 177of congregation, 61of minister, 28, 30of missioner, 51paid, 150people into, 166processes, 157–8standardization of, 158

workerautonomous, 175, 197community. see community workerconsultation of, 175economic conditions of, 38franchise, 31housing association, 60local, 176, 194loyalty, 175

overseas, 48task-oriented, 178values of, 74

workingclass. see class, workingconditions, 38, 175group, 135life, quality of, 159team, 197week, 94

workplace chaplain. see chaplain,workplace

workplace chaplaincy, 72see also industrial mission

worshipas charitable, 61as activity and definition of

congregation/religousorganization, x, 1, 18, 30, 33,44–5, 51, 53, 72–3, 80–1, 94, 96,120, 138, 145, 148, 173, 188,190, 192–3

as imperative, x, 13, 44–5, 76, 202cultural adaptation, 77ecumenical, 96–7event, 71, 109–10experiment, 77in new community, 169, 173–4,

181, 183information-rich, 198inter-faith, 98–9, 110location of theology, 96public, 120volunteer labour for, 147words and actions of, 130words of, 130

youngadults, 19, 182people, 26, 72–3, 155, 163

youthclub, 26, 147provision, 163, 182work, 7, 74worker, 31, 163