Bien Phap Thi Cong Trong Xay Dung Dan Dung

8/6/2019 Bien Phap Thi Cong Trong Xay Dung Dan Dung

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Huy ng thit b phc v thi cng:+Cng tc thi cng t:Thi cng c gii kt hp th cng. D kin huy ng xe my cc loi sau:Xe o bnh hi hiu SAMSUNG, SOLAR (KOREA).Xe xc t hiu KOMATSU.My bm nc.My m bn, m di.+Cng tc b tng:Dng b tng ti, c ch t nh my sn xut b tng n khi giin t hng, loi xe b tng c dung tch 6m3.My m di, bn, my ct un st, khoan.My lm mt b tng.+ Cng tc coffa ct thp:S dng cc thit b sau:H thng coffa g kt hp coffa thp nh hnh.Dng puli cu lp .My ct, un ct thp.My hn in.My ca khoan (BOSCH).Thit b cm tay (bt vt, bn inh) bng hi v bng in.Vn khun v ging chng phi m bo: n nh khng bin hnh, cngv bn. Chu c trng lc v p lc mt bn ca b tng mi cngnh cc lc xut hin trong qu trnh thi cng. m bo kch thc vhnh dng chnh xc, m bo ng v tr so vi cc b phn ca cngtrnh ang thc hin.+ Cng tc hon thin:My trn va.My Nivo.My ca, mi hiu BOSCH.My phun sn.My ct gch (kh, nc) hiu HITACHI.My nh bng nn.+Cng tc mc, vn khun g:My lin hp.My bo tay.My ca tay.

+ Cng tc in nc:Khoan in cm tay, my o in tr t.+Thit b trc c, kim tra cht lng cng trnh:Thit b th nghim ti hin trng.B dng c kim tra st b tng.Dng c o m ca ct.Thng hay vt liu khc ct gi cc mu ct liu, cement.ng o 100ml, nhit k.1 my kinh v Leica TC600 (Thy S), 1 my kinh v NIKON (Nht), 1 mythy bnh LeiCa 820 (Thy S), my thy chun, sng bn b tng.

Khun ly mu b tng theo tiu chun.Thit b kim tra cng thp, b tng, mc va ti phng th nghim.1. Cng tc chun b thi cng:


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i n gia on thi cng ca cng trnh th vic chun b cc s liu vk thut, x hi l mt cng tc rt quan trng, n nh hng trc tipn tin , cht lng v i sng ca cn b, cng nhn thi cng cngtrng sau ny.+ Cc cng vic cn chun b:Mt ct a cht cng trnh, tnh cht c l ca cc lp t, ca nn va cht thy vn.Kh nng vn chuyn thit b my mc c gii n cng trng sao choan ton v kinh t nht.Cc ngun vt t cung cp cho cng trnh.Ngun in nc phc v cho thi cng v phc v cho sinh hot ca cnb, cng nhn thi cng cng trnh.Nhng qui nh chung ni cng trnh xy dng.Chun b h s php l:Sau khi c thng bo trng thu s tin hnh ngay cc th tc php l:+ Thng tho i n k kt hp ng kinh t giao nhn thu xy lp.+ Nhn bn giao mt bng, ct mc, cao chun.+ Lin h vi chnh quyn a phng lm th tc cn thit a cngnhn, thit b thi cng, vt t n cng trng. Mt khc, kt hp vi aphng trong cng tc bo v, phng chng chy n v v sinh mitrng.+ K kt cc hp ng kinh t, hp ng mua bn cung cp vt t vnhanh chng tp kt ti cng trng.Nghin cu k h s:Nghin cu li ton b bn v thit k k thut. So snh cc bin php tchc thi cng sao cho tit kim thi gian v t hiu qu, m bo chtlng cng trnh hp l nht v tin hnh lm bng tin thi cng chitit tng hng mc cng trnh c th, b tr cn b, cng nhn ph hp thi cng lin tc. Cng trong thi gian ny chng ta s chun b k ktcc hp ng cung cp vt t thit b cn thit.2. Mt bng t chc thi cng:- Mt bng cng trnh nm trn ng nh Phong Ph, do vt liu,my mc thit b c vn chuyn ch yu trn tuyn ng ny.- Hin ti xung quanh khu vc mt xy dng cha cao, xung quanh cng trnh tng i trng v c ng giao thng ni b i ngang cngtrnh.

- Cc cng tc gia cng lp dng nh thp, vn khun c thc hinngay cnh cng trng. Tn dng phn t trng ca cng trnh.- Cc bi cha vt liu st thp nm gc cng trnh, coffa g, coffa nhac phn theo chng loi ring cha tng bi ring bit.- Ngun in phc v thi cng cho cng trnh c s dng t trm clp t trn cng trnh.- Ngun nc phc v thi cng cng trnh s dng ngun nc hin c a phng.3. S t chc thi cng: - S t chc thi cng c b tr ph hp vi c im cng trnh trnh

ca cn b nhm m bo cho cng trnh thi cng ng tin , tcht lng.- S t chc hin trng thi cng gm 3 b phn:


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+ B phn ch huy chung ti tr s.B phn ch huy ti cng trnh.B phn thi cng trc tip.Mi quan h gia tr s chnh v vic qun l ti cng trng:B phn ch huy ti tr s v s ch huy ti hin trng thng xuyn cho, bn bc, trao i t chc thi cng ti cng trng bng cc bui hpgiao ban hng tun ti hin trng. Cc phng ban ti tr s chnhthng xuyn kim tra v gip ban ch huy cng trng gii quyt mivng mc v khi lng, vt t, my mc, thit b.Vai tr ca ban ch huy cng trng:+ T chc ti cng trng bao gm : 01 ch huy trng cng trnh v 01ch huy ph ti cng trnh, ch huy trng l ngi trc tip iu hnh thicng chung ti hin trng v ch huy ph l ngi thay th khi ch huytrng vng mt.+ Ban ch huy cng trng ton quyn gii quyt mi vn trn cngtrng v chu trch nhim trc Cng ty v mi quyt nh ca mnh.Cc trng b phn phi chu trch nhim trc ban ch huy cng trngv mi vn ca bp hn mnh ph trch v nhn lnh trc tip t banch huy cng trng+Ban ch huy cng trng ca cng ty c giao ton quyn qun l, giiquyt mi vn lin quan n cng tc v sinh mi trng v thc hincc th tc php l vi cc c quan chnh quyn s ti, vi ban qun lbn A v vi ngi lao ng.+Ban ch huy cng trng lp ra cc bin php bo m v sinh mitrng ni thi cng v khu vc ln cn, nh bin php che chn, chngbi, chng khi, chng n, gy nhim, s dng my mc, thit b phhp, tun theo cc qui nh ca Nh nc v ch s ting n, khi+Ban ch huy cng trng s t chc cho mt nhm lao ng phc v chocng tc v sinh mi trng. B phn ny s trc tip thc hin cc cngvic nh qut dn v sinh cng trng v khu vc ln cn, ti ncchng bi, thu gom rc trong thi cng+Ban ch huy cng trng c nhim v gio dc thc chp hnh cc quinh v v sinh, bo v mi trng cho lc lng cn b, nhn vin, cngnhn tham gia ti cng trng thng qua cc hot ng sinh hot, laong hng ngy, cc cuc hp giao ban gia ban ch huy vi i trngthi cng.

Vai tr gim st k thut ti cng trng:+ B phn gim st k thut c chuyn mn v trnh nghip v cacng ty c thnh lp v hot ng rt c hiu qu trong vic qunl, kim tra cht lng sn phm xy dng. B phn gim st k thutny c b tr ngay ti hin trng t khi cng trnh bt u thi cng.+ B phn ny c quyn v trch nhim kim tra cht lng vt liu, chtlng bn thnh phm, cht lng thi cng cng trnh theo ng quytrnh th nghim kim tra. Mi cng tc u c b phn ny kim tra,nghim thu trc khi mi gim st k thut nghim thu. B phn ny cquyn t chi mi vt liu khng t yu cu v cht lng chng loi.

Cc b phn xy dng cng trnh:+ Cc b phn phc v: k thut ca cc n v thi cng, vt t, hnhchnh, an ton lao ng, trc t, kho c iu hnh trc tip bi ch huy


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trng v ch huy ph cng trnh.+ Cc i thi cng gm: i ct thp, i coffa, i b tng, i honthin, i in, i nc, i phc v thi cng trc tip ti cng trngc lnh o bi nhng k s giu kinh nghim chu trch nhim t chcthi cng theo chc nng c giao ca i di s ch huy trc tip cach huy trng cng trnh4. Cng tc trc c: + nh v cng trnh xy dng trong phm vi khu t:* Cng trnh l nh chung c cho cc s. S lin quan gia cc cu kincc b phn rt cht ch nn cng tc trc c cc k quan trng. Cngtc trc c gip vic thi cng c chnh xc v mt kch thc ca cngtrnh, m bo thng ng, nm ngang ca kt cu, xc nh ngv tr cu kin, h thng k thutn loi tr n mc ti thiu cc sais v tim ct, v tr trong thi cng.*Cn c theo cc mc bn giao ca n v thit k. Da vo cc li trcchun trn mt bng neo vo cc vt c nh. Cc mc ny c boqun gm tt c cc cng vic xc nh, cao cho tng hng mc, ccchi tit thi cng, t vic lp t coffa cho n cc cng tc hon thinthc hin giai on cui cng trnh.+ Lp li trc to trc c:* Lui trc c c lp da vo cc trc ca cng trnh theo thit k.y l cng tc quan trng, m bo cng trnh c b tr, kch thc vthng ng. Cc li trc ca tng trn c lp trn c s li xut phtt tng trt, cc im ny c chuyn ln cc tng trn theo phngphp chuyn thng ng.+ Chuyn cao ln tng bng thc thp o trc tip theo mp tng,mp ct vi sai lch l 3mm, s dng my thy bnh t ng trongthi cng thng nht v thun li cho vic thi cng cc cu kin, chi tittrn tng cao c dch +1000 so vi cao hon thin c nh libng sn ti tng, vch, ct.+ Lp li quan st:+ Cc bc ca cng tc trc c v cc yu cu k thut s c cng tytun th theo qui nh tiu chun Vit Nam 3972-85 c th nh sau: khinhn c tim mc ca ch u t, s xc nh tim mc trn mt bng.V tr cc tim mc c bo v bng cch b tng c ro chn m bokhng b m, b mt trong qu trnh thi cng.

+ Li khng ch thi cng c b tr thun tin theo cc trc trn bn vm bo cho vic thi cng c bo v lu di m bo chnh xc cao.+ Cc mc o ln c b tr khong cch m bo n nh v bo vtrong sut qu trnh thi cng. Khong cch cc mc quan trc ln s cthc hin mt tun trn mt ln c ch n im gia ti nh thmsn, xong phn xy cc bo co kt qu quan trc s c thc hin dng biu v hon thnh ngay trong ngy . Bo co c lp thnh02 b gm cc thng tin sau:+ Thi gian quan trc.+ Tn ngi thc hin quan trc v ghi s liu.

+ L lch thit b o.+ Mt bng v tr cc quan trc.+ Cc s liu sau khi quan trc ti cc mc.


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+ Cc ghi ch (nu c) ca nhn vin o c.+ Ch k ca ngi thc hin quan trc, i din n v thi cng, BQLDA.Ton b kt qu s c trnh cho T vn gim st v lu gi trong h snghim thu cc giai on thi cng, hon thnh cng trnh.+ Cng ty s tin hnh trc c mt cch h thng, kt hp cht chng b vi tin thi cng. Cng tc o c c tin hnh thngxuyn trn cng trng, bao gm tt c cc cng vic xc nh v tr, cao cho cc hng mc, cc chi tit thi cng, t vic lp t coffa cho ncc cng vic hon thin thc hin giai on cui cng trnh.+ Dng c quan trc gm cc my thuc ti sn cng ty. Tt c u trong tnh trng hot ng tt c th gm:+ My kinh v theo 10B ca c.+ My thy bnh ca c.PHN MNG + Do cng trnh l chung c nn phn mng cn phi c tnh ton kcn thn trn c s nghin cu nhng ti liu lin quan v a cht cat v sc chu ti cng trnh.+ Qua tnh ton, nghin cu s liu cng trnh a ra gii php mngb tng ct thp cho cng trnh l mt phng n hp l.+ Mng b tng ct thp c gia cng thp, ngay ti cng trng.+ Mng c ch to gm hai loi mng bng v mng n. Vn khun b tng mng dng vn khun g gia cng v lp dng.+ V tr cc mng c xc nh v trnh by trn bn v c nh dutrn mt bng cng trnh.+ trnh lu lng nc ngm, tri ma lm cn tr qu trnh thi cngnn b tr nhng mng nh,h thu nc, my bm quanh chu vi h mng thot nc lm sch h mng.+ o mng tng khu vc ca tng khi thnh mt h mng chung. Saukhi o t xong s tin hnh m nn y mng v b tng ltmng.+ Cu to mng gm hai phn i mng v mng.Theo cu to trn phn khi mng thnh 02 t thi cng:t 1: thi cng b tng mng: + b tng lt mng 4x6, mc 100, dy 100, rng hn mngtheo mi phng l 100.+ bng th cng, dng m bn k, xc nh tim mng.

+ Thp dng lm v mng l thp 12a150 c buc thnh li sn ngoi, khi b tng mng th em vo lp t.+ Mi ni gia thp c mng v thp v mng phi m bo 30d. Buccc vin k vo ct thp theo yu cu lp bo v.+ Cn chnh ct thp theo tim mng v c nh.+ Lm thp i mng, mng.+ Lp v hiu chnh ct thp i mng, mng.+ Lp vn thnh mng, i mng, mng.+ b tng i mng mng.+ b tng mng mc # 250.

+ Lm v sinh lp ct thp, coffa v phn b tng lt mng.+ B tng c trn bng my trn qu l.+ Tin hnh b tng bng th cng n y king.


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+ Dng m di m k b tng.- Bo dng b tng mng sau khi .+ Tin hnh bo dng sau khi 1 bui.+ Cho ngi ti nc ngy 4 ln trong mt tun.+ Ph kn mt mng bng bao ti m bo m cho mng.+ Tho d vn khun mng.+ Sau khi b tng 01 ngy, tin hnh tho vn khun mng v cmng.Tho vn khun theo ng yu cu k thut trnh lm st m cu kin.t 2: Cng tc dm ging mng: Dm ging mng BTCT mc 200, c cc tit din sau: DK1(200 x 500);DK1a(200 x 300); DK2(200 x 300); DK3(100 x 300).+ Gia cng lp dng ct thp+ Ct dc v ct ai c gia cng xng theo kch thc thit k.+ Thp c buc thnh khung v lp vo v tr.+ Buc cc vin k dy 30mm vo ct thp m bo chiu dy lp btng bo v ct thp.+ Gia cng lp dng vn khun g.+ Vn khun c gia cng v ng thnh hp tp kt li.+ t vn khun vo v tr v iu chnh cho ng v tr thit k.+ Sau khi iu chnh xong c nh vn khun bng cy g 3x5.+ b tng mc 200.+ Lm v sinh vn khun, ct thp.+ Tin hnh nghim thu vn khun v ct thp dm ging mng.+ Tin hnh trn v b tng.+ m k bng m di.+ Tho d vn khun+ Sau khi b tng c 01 ngy tin hnh tho vn khun dm gingmng.+ Tho vn khun theo ng yu cu k thut trnh lm st m cu kin.THI CNG P T TN NNt c vn chuyn t im n v tr gn mt bng mng.Lm sn cng tc i qua h ging mng.Dng xe ra vn chuyn lp h mng t ngoi vo trong.Ti nc m k.

PHN KHUNGI. CNG TC COFFA+ Cng tc coffa l mt trong nhng khu quan trng quyt nh n chtlng b tng, hnh dng v kch thc ca kt cu. Coffa s dng chocc cng tc phn thn l coffa thp v coffa g, coffa c phn loi vtp kt ring ti cc bi trn cng trng. Trc khi a vo s dngcoffa c v sinh sch s v ph ln mt lp chng dnh. i vi coffa gcn ht sc cn thn trong ca x trnh lng ph v ch.+ Coffa c gia cng, lp dng ngay ti cng trng.+ Trc khi tho coffa, bn B mi gim st k thut bn A n nghim

thu b mt ca cu kin.COFFA CT.+ Coffa c dng l coffa g.


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+ S dng cy chng g trn. ng knh cy chng t 8 10cm.+ S dng nhng thanh g 5 x 10cm lm ging ngang v dc.b. COFFA DM, SN+ Coffa dm, sn bng g.+ Cy chng g trn.+ Cng tc coffa c thc hin nh sau:+ Chun b:- Bt mc xc nh v tr coffa.- B tr nhn lc ph hp, thc hin theo ng nhu cu cng vic.- V sinh mt bng ni s lp dng coffa.+ Cng tc coffa c thc hin nh sau:Cn b k thut trc tip ch o cho cc t trng, ch chuyn mn thchin cng tc coffa, m bo tht chnh xc theo yu cu k thut. Trnhtnh trng lp dng xong coffa phi tho d dng li do khng ngyu cu k thut.Tin hnh lp dng coffa theo bn v chi tit v ch dn ca cn b kthut.Coffa c lp dng phi vng chc, neo cht vo nhng im c nh,khng cho coffa b x dch bin dng trong qu trnh b tng.V sinh coffa sch sau khi lp dng xong.Cn b k thut phi nghim thu cng tc coffa trc khi tin hnh cngtc tip theo.Coffa phi c ti nc v sinh trc khi b tng.

LP DNG COFFA

+ Bo dng, bo v cng tc coffa.Coffa sau khi c lp dng xong nu cha c b tng th s cbo k trnh b x dch.

II. CNG TC CT THP:+ Ct thp c gia cng, lp dng ngay ti cng trng, c tin hnhtheo tng cng vic, tng khu vc nh b ai, un thp, ct thp, kothng thp thp c gia cng bng c th cng v bng my. My mcphc v cho cng tc ct thp trn cng trng v c nhiu loi nh myun, my ct, my ko thp

+ Thp a v cng trnh phi ng yu cu thit k mi c php s dng. Ct thp c dng c hai loi l thp gn v thp trn. Tit dinc nhiu loi vi ng knh khc nhau nh 6, 8 ,10, 12 ,14, 16 ,18vic s dng thp ng loi l tu thuc vo bn v thit k kt cu cngtrnh. Khi gia cng thp trn phi b mc cn thp gn th khng b mc.+ Ct thp c gia cng l thp ai, thp m, li thp+ Ct thp trc khi s dng phi c sa thng, nh sch g thp, cth dng ba p thng hoc dng my un nn thng. Vi thp cng knh di 20mm th ta c th ct un bng tay v nu ng knhln hn 20mm th ta phi dng my.

+ Thp khi ct ra un phi xc nh thm dn di ca n, yu cu: ctthp b un gin ra thm 0,5d khi un gc 450, 1d khi un gc 900, 1,5dkhi un gc 1800. on neo ct thp cng trng qui nh l 30d ct


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thp. Ni ct thp c hai dng l ni hn v ni bng km buc.+ Chun b lp thp:B phn gia cng thp s thc hin ng bn v di s hng dn cacn b k thut. Thp sau khi gia cng s c nh s theo ng chngloi v phn b ti ni cn lp dng. Tin hnh vch mc v tr lp thp.V dinh thp, dn dp mt bng v tr lp thp. Chun b cc ph kin, tphp sn v tr lp thp nh cc k, km buc ng thi b tr nhnlc ph hp vi yu cu cng vic.+ Thc hin cng tc ct thp:Tin hnh lp thp theo bn v kt cu di s hng dn ca cn b kthut. Ct thp sau khi lp dng phi m bo ng kch thc, ng s hiu thit k, ng v tr khong cch ca nhng thanh thp v im nichiu di cc mi ni. Lu nhng v tr tip gip ca ct vi tng, ctvi lam phi t thp ch lin kt. Nu pht hin ra nhng sai lch sovi bn v thit k cn phi chnh sa li ngay nh lch st, qun haythiu thp ch. S dng c kch thc theo yu cu m bo dyca lp b tng bo v theo thit k nhm bo v cho thp chng li s tc ng ca mi trng xung quanh. Coffa phi c lp dng vngchc, khng xy ra tnh trng thp b x lch, chuyn v tr bin dngtrong qu trnh m b tng. Sau khi lp dng ct thp xong phi dnv sing sch s, trnh khng tc ng mnh vo cu trc thp lpdng phng thp b x lch. Cn b k thut nghim thu ct thpsua khi lp dng xong khi mi tin hnh cng tc tip theo.Ngoi ra cng trng cn dng thp lm hng ro bo v an ton chocng nhn lm vic v c hn vo cc cy chng st theo cc phnglm h ging vng chc.Ct thp sau khi lp dng xong, nu cha b tng phi c bo v k trnh vt nng ln gy x lch khng ng theo hnh dng, kchthc, v tr thit k. Trnh cc cht bn nh du m, bi bm dnhvo thp. Ct thp sau khi lp dng xong phi tin hnh b tng cngnhanh cng tt trnh cc iu kin bn ngoi thm nhp lm cho thpb g st. Sn phm b tng sau khi tho coffa nht thit khng c lithp.* Mt s lu trong cng tc ct thp:+ Ct thp ct:Do kch thc, tit din ca cng trnh ln nn ct thp ct khng c

gia cng sn thnh khung thp m c ni tng thanh vo thp ch ct,sau mi lp dng thp ai v lp to thnh khung ngay ti v tr ctcn t thp. Di chn ct dng hai thanh thp hn cho gc nhau vicc thanh thp gc ca khung thp c nh v tr ct, on trn mt t th dng thp C mc t hai cnh ca thp ai c bn mt nh vy mct c nh v chnh xc.+ Ct thp dm:c ghp thnh tng thanh theo yu cu kt cu theo nguyn tc ctthp pha trn ca dm ph nm trn ct thp dm chnh v ct thp phatrn ca dm chnh nm trn ct thp sn. Lp dng ct thp dm mp

trn vn khun dm v khi lp xong ri mi h xung.+ Ct thp sn:Ch t thp bin php (hn vo st sn) sau ny buc dy cp ko


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ct v chng trt cho cy chng trn sn. t cc k bo m lp bov sn.

III. CNG TC B TNG:Cng nh cng tc vn khun, ct thp th cng tc b tng cng gi vai tr quan trng trong thi cng. B tng s dng phi tun th theoTCVN.B tng c s dng l b tng thng phm c a n cng trnhbng xe trn, c a ln sn bng cu thp v mt xe bm ngang cngsut 80m3/gi d phng. Cht lng cc loi ct liu nh ct, , ximng, ncthng xuyn c kim nghim theo TCVN. Cc th nghim s c lu gi np trnh ban qun l xt duyt. Bn sao v ximng s dng trn xi mng s np trnh, trong nu r loi b tng c kim tra phn tch cht lng ti phng th nghim c chc nngc ban qun l chp thun, bo m ph hp vi yu cu s dng cacng trnh.Cp phi b tng s dng cho cng trnh s c lp v np trnh banqun l thit k ph duyt. Quy trnh b tng cho tng loi cu kinphi c gim st cht ch m bo t cht lng b tng cao nht.Cc dng c che nng, trnh mt nc nhanh, che ma, m btng phi lun d phng sn. B tng phi m bo khng b r, khng bphn tng khi m b tng.+ Thc hin cng tc b tng:- Tp hp cc s liu, h s, l lch ca ct liu s dng cho b tng (ct,, xi mng, thp) khi cc s liu c tp hp y , ng yu cuthit k th mi c s dng, thit k cp phi b tng theo yu cu cakt cu cng trnh. Sau khi c thit k cp phi s ly mu th nghimhnh lp phng 15 x 15 x 15 bo dng mu theo quy trnh k thut sau tin hnh p mu kim tra cng b tng.- Ct thp, coffa phi c nghim thu trc khi b tng, xt n ttc cc lc tc dng (do my mc phc v cho vic b tng gy ra nh m di, ng bm) khi b tng vo thp v coffa phi m bokhng lm sai lch v tr thp hay gy n cho coffa lm cho cu kin bbin dng, sai lch so vi thit k ra. Trc khi phi kim tra klng, kp thi bt kn cc khe h gia coffa vi nhau trnh tnh trng btng chy nc bng giy bao thm nc, bng keokim tra cc cc k

m bo lp bo v b tng. V sinh sch s phn bn trong v bn ngoicu kin b tng khng st vt no trong ngoi cu kin v khi ri s khng ly ra c.- Vch ct cao , ct nn ca khi theo yu cu thit k. Chun bmt bng to khong khng thao tc, ng vn chuyn t ni trn nni sao cho thun li nht, b tng c vn chuyn ti l lin tckhng c gin on nu khng s nh hng n cng cng nh lin kt ca b tng vi kt cu thp.- Chun b cc dng c, thit b b tng nh m b tng, xng xc, x ngnu cao phi chun b gin do nh khi ct

trng hp vo ban m phi chun b h thng chiu sng phc vcho cng tc b tng.- B tr lc lng nhn cng, gim st k thut theo yu cu cng vic.


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+ T chc cc nhm thc hin bao gm:- B phn hng dn ch o: gm cn b k thut, i trng i thicng. B phn ch huy ny phi c mt tc trc khi b tng, kp thipht hin v x l mi tnh hung xy ra trn cng trng.- Nhm kim tra: Kim tra li coffa, ct thp, km buc trc v trongkhi .- Nhm vn chuyn, b tng: b tng c chuyn ti v tr bngbm b tng hoc bng xe ct kt vn chuyn n.- Nhm hon thin b mt b tng: m bo sau khi b mt b tngng cao thit k nhn phng hoc to dc cho b tng. Trong qutrnh b tng ch phi m di tht k cho b tng phn b utrong kt cu ( s dng m di my).- Vic b tng, hon thin b mt b tng s phi thc hin theo ngyu cu k thut i s ch o ca b phn hng dn.+ Mt s lu trong cng tc b tng:- B tng ct: b tng ct dng b tng thng phm c trn snmang n cng trng bng xe trn. T y b tng c cng nhn xcv th cng tng x b tng vo ct. B tr nhn lc gm ngi xc,ngi vn chuyn, ngi chuyn, ngi m di v ngi b tng. b tng trn ct cao th phi bt gin do. m bo phi hp nhp nhngmi thnh vin thc hin cng vic cho b tng vo ct c lintc. cao b tng ct phi nh hn 1,5m do , ta phi cha l trn vn khun ct m bo ri ca b tng khi ct. Ch m dik cho b tng phn b u trong ct v trnh r mt b tng. Cctng trn cao dng cn trc thp phn b b tng ct.- B tng dm, sn: do t im Thnh ph xe b tng ch c th voban m v vy cng tc b tng dm, sn c tin hnh vo banm cho n sng. Dm, sn c ton khi sua khi nghim thuct thp, ng in m trong sn, cc v tr t ng ncxe b tngc t ngoi cng trnh, c bm ln sn bng vi bm. B tr btng trn sn gm hai ngi iu chnh vi bm, mt nhm dn b tngra cho u v m di. b tng ti u th m di ti , b tngt trn cao xung ch su trc sau mi ch cn. Do sn rng nnkhi b tng phi to rnh phn chia mt khi b mt ln thnh ccdin tch nh hn . Ch b tng t gia ra hai bn.Ngoi ra cn b tng thnh b nc, thnh thang my, cu thang

Khi thi cng b tng ct thp phi lm nhiu t, mch ngng gia cct phi xc nh trc. V tr t mch ngng sao cho ni lc v tr tng i nh v phi vung gc vi phng truyn lc nn ca kt cu:i vi ct th mch ngng t ti v tr tip gip gia u ct vi mtdi ca dm, i vi sn nm th t ti chn m ct, i vi dm xinmch ngng t ti chn dm xin, i vi cu trc mch ngng t tivai cu trc hay pha trn cu trc, i vi dm, sn mch ngng tngay di chn bn sn, sn khng sn th mch ngng t bt k vtr no min sao song song vi phng cnh ngn, sn c sn th mchngng t nhp sn nm v pha bn phi. Ch x l mch ngng

phi to nhm b mt ca mch ngng.+ Bo dng tho d coffa:- Bo dng b tng giai on u s bt u ngay sau khi b mt b


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tng cng, khng b v v vic bo dng phi tin hnh lin tctrong 12 gi.- B mt b tng phi lun gi m bng cch ti nc ln hoc dng vtliu gi nc ph ln b mt gi cho b tng lun c m.- Ch c tho d coffa khi cng b tng t yu cu theo quy phmthi cng v nghim thu. Khi tho coffa khng c lm chn ng v rungnh hng kt cu b tng. Ngay sau khi tho coffa phi kim tra sacha tt c cc khuyt tt nh v, nt, n.

PHN HON THIN

- CNG TC XY:+ Do tnh cht cng trnh l dang khung b tng ct thp chu lc nn htng ch mang tnh cht bao che ch yu, t tham gia chu lc, vt liuc dng khi xy tng l gch. Tuy nhin, cng cn phi tun th banguyn tc chnh khi xy gch l:+ Gch xy tng hng phi phng mt, vung gc vi phng ca lc tcdng vo khi xy hoc gc nghing ca lc tc dng vo khi xy vphng vung gc vi khi xy phi


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hnh sn loi b tp cht trong ct.( Nc sch phi c ly t ngun nc ca khu vc.( Cp phi va phi c pha trn thch hp, trnh nhng trng hp vanon lm gim lin kt hay va gi gy lng ph. Cht lng ca vaxy t c kim tra th nghim trong phng v trn hin trng xydng.( Chun b xy:Coffa dm, sn, ct v h ging chng c tho ra v dn dp gngng m bo khng vng trong qu trnh xy, ng thi to ra mtmt bng thun li cho vic vn chuyn vt liu xy n ng ch v b tr vt liu khi xy nh gch, mng h, khi xy ln cao cn phi b tr gin do.Th chnh v th ph u .Dng c xy gm bay, thc, dy nh, bn ch, niv.Xc nh tng xy l loi no 100, 200 hay ln hn xy hp l ngk thut.Xc nh tim mc, v tr xy.Th ph vn chuyn vt liu gch, mng h, gin do li v tr th chnh,sp chng thch hp trn mt bng xy.Nu xy trn tng cao th vt liu c chuyn ln bng puli.2. Trnh t v cc yu cu k thut khi xy:- Xy t di ln trn, tng chnh xy trc, tng ph xy sau, xungquanh xy trc, trong xy sau.- Nu gch kh phi ti nc m bo gch khng ht nc ca vato lin kt tt khi xy.- B mt tip gip khi xy phi c trt mt lp h du to linkt gia gch v b mt tip gip nh dm, ct.- m bo cho tng thng v phng th trong qu trnh xy phiging dy nh v thng xuyn th qu di.- Mch va dao ng t 8 12mm, mch va phi nm ngang phi dyhn mch va dc, bo m mch no va. iu chnh tng va phava thp nu tng khng ngang phng.- C hai cch xy l 3 dc 1 ngang hay 5 dc 1 ngang.- Ch v tr tip gip gia tng v dm th phi xy xin, xy bnggch inh ng thi cc l trng phi mit h k nhm trnh trng hpnt mp tip gip ca tng vi d .

- v tr tip gip ca tng vi mt trn ca cng c x l mt lph du khong 1cm v xy khong 03 hng gch inh chng nt.- Khi xy ch cha nhng l trng trn tng lp dng ca, lam gi,ng in, ng ncsau ny.- Sau khi khi xy va xong th hn ch cc lc va chm khi xy tcng t t.- Nu xy tip ln tng c th cn phi v sinh ti nc tng c trckhi xy tip.3. T chc lm vic:- m bo cht lng vt liu nh xi mng, ct, , gch khi a n

cng trnh c kim tra nghim thu ngay xem c yu cu ra haycha (xi mng, gch, ng loi ng mc), nu cha thp hi thay ingay. V sau khi khi xy hon chnh cng phi kim tra nghim thu


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ln na cho n khi cng trnh hon tt. Cng vic ny do ch huy trngphi hp vi nhng k s khc trn cng trng m trch. Hn hp vaphi c pha trn ng tiu chun c kim tra cht bng cch lymu th nghim ngay ti cng trng sau khi pha trn xong v do, st, ng u ca va xy.- Cc t i thc hin cng tc xy c th l ca cng ty hoc ngoi ctnh chuyn nghip c t chc lm vic xy chuyn. Mi t xy ngu l mt trng nhm, iu hnh cc thnh vin khc trong t xy,chu trch nhim v khu vc mnh xy. T trng xy phi xc nh s bs lng cng nhn mnh c sn tm ra binphp phn t phn on hp l, khi lng trong cc phn t phnon phi xp x bng nhau trnh gy bin ng v nhn lc v mbo cho xy khng b gin on na chng.- Ngi th tuyt i phi chp hnh cc bin php an ton lao ng khixy, nht l khi ng trn gin do, lm vic trn cao phi c hnh langbo v, i vi cc tng ngoi th phi c li bao che phng vt rixung di.- T chc mt bng thi cng phi tin li ph hp gm 03 khu: khu vcthao tc xy, khu vc cha vt liu v khu vc chuyn tip vt liu. Bakhu vc ny khng tch ri vi nhau c. c bit l khi lm vic trngin do th gin do phi vng, sn cng tc phi chc chn cha vtliu v thao tc xy.- Thng thng cho cng vic xy c lin tc th c 01 th chnh thc 01th ph, nu kt cu phc tp, khi lng nhiu th s ngi philn hn. Gch va c chuyn ln tng bng puli; va c trn bngmy hoc th cng c th trn di t ri chuyn ln hoc chuyn ximng ln tng ang xy ri trn trn . Cn tin hnh trn kh trc risau trn t sau. Th ph phi cung cp vt liu ch oth chnh xymt cch y nhm trnh gin on trong thi cng gy lng ph, hiusut km.

II.CNG TC T TRT:( bo v, to v thm m cho kt cu tng, dmth ta cn phitin hnh t trt.( C cc loi trt nh trt tng, trt lp lt, trt lp va nn, trt lp vamt, trt gc, trt cnh gc li, trt lp mt, trt cnh gc lm, trt dm

trn1. Chun b trt:- Dng c: bay, bn xoa, thc, niv, dy nh Vt liu l va xi mngmc 75 vi cp phi thch hp.- Cng vic trt c thc hin sau khi cc kt cu cn t c hnhthnh.- Cht lng lp trt ph thuc rt nhiu vo b mt cn trt, b mt cntrt cn phi t mt cng n nh, chc chn ri mi tin hnh trt;i vi tng th cn phi ch cho tng kh mi trt.- v sinh sch s bi bn trn b mt trt, nu b mt g gh, li lm th

cn phi c o hay p thm to cho b mt tng i bng phng rimi tin hnh trt.- To nhm cho b mt cn trt va trt dnh vo.


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- Nu b mt trt kh qu th ti nc vo.- Tri bao pha di chn ch trt nhm tn dng li va ri khi trt,trnh gy lng ph.- Ngoi ra to bm dnh b mt tt ta nn trt trc b mt kt cubng mt lp h du.- Nu trt b mt ngoi ca tng th phi m bo gin do v sn cngtc an ton trc khi trt.- Thc hin xong cc cng vic nu trn ta gm h hay dng inh, gchv lm du ln mc, phi trn u v cui bc tng trc, sau mitin hnh cc mc pha trong. Lm cc mc pha trn ri th qu di lm mc di v gia tng. Khong cch cc mc v cc pha phi nhhn thc tm d kim tra phng lp trt. Mt sn thao tc trngin do v mt sn di chn gin do phi qut dn sch s trc khitin hnh cng vic.2. Trnh t v cc yu cu k thut khi trt:- Nhn chung k thut trt cc kt cu l ging nhau ch c mt s imring ta cn phi lu do tnh cht ca n trn b mt nhm to ra mtlp trt c cht lng, t yu cu.- Tin hnh trt trn, dm trc ri ti tng, ct sau.- Trt theo b dy ca mc nh du. Nn trt th vi ch kim tra dnh kt cu.- Chiu dy lp trt t 10 20mm, khi trt phi chia thnh nhiu lpmng t 5-8mm. Nu trt qu dy s b phng, dt, nt thng thngchiu dy ca mt lp trt nn khng mng hn 5mm v khng dy hn8mm. Khi ngng trt phi to mch ngng hnh gy khng thng, ctlp va trt thng gc.- Thc hin tun t 03 lp trt lt, lp m v lp ngoi.- Dng va xi mng mc 75.- Lp va trt phi bm chc vo b mt cc kt cu cng trnh; loi vav chiu dy lp va trt phi ng yu cu thit k; b mt lp va phinhn phng; cc ng g cnh ch phi ngang bng hay thng ng.- Cc lp va trang tr thng c yu cu m thut cao.- Phi kim tra bm dnh ca va bng cch g nh trn mt lp vatrt, tt c nhng ch bp u phi trt li bng cch ph rng ch ra,mit cht mp va xung quanh, cho se mt mi trt sa li. Mttng, b sau khi trt khng c khe nt, g gh, n chn chim hoc va

chy. Phi ch ch trt di b ca s, g ca, chn tng, chn l,bp, cc ch d b b st khc. Cc cnh ct, g ca, tng phi thng,sc cnh, cc gc vung phi c kim tra bng thc. Cc g b ca sphi thng hng vi nhau. Mt trn b ca s phi c dc theo thit k v lp va trt n sau vo di khung ca s t nht 10mm.- Tun th nghim ngt cc nguyn tc an ton lao ng khi lm vic trngin do hay trn cao.- Nhng ch tip gip gia gch vi g cn phi lm nhm b mt g rimi trt.- Khi trt xong th cn phi che y cn thn trnh tc ng ca thi tit,

v va chm do v tnh tc ng vo. Ch bo dng b mt trt, lungi m cho b mt trt trong 7 n 10 ngy.- Trong qu trnh t trt nu pht hin trong va c thnh phn ht ln


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nh , si cn phi loi b ngay.- Tn dng li va ri bn di c vt lt trt tip.Thng thng cc t i xy cng m nhn lun c phn trt. Nguyntc t chc nhn chung khng khc xy l my.

III. CNG TC LNG:+ Lp lng c thc hin trn nn b tng gch v, b tng ct thp.Cu to chung gm lp va m v lp lng mt.+ Lp va lng c chiu dy t 2-3cm, dng va lng xi mng ct vngmc 75 100.+ Dng c lng cng nh trt gm: bay, bn xoa, thc, niv, dydi vt liu dng lng cng nh trt l hn hp va xi mng v ctvng phi m bo.+ Trc khi lng kt cu phi n nh v phng, v sinh tht sch kt cucn lng, thng thng nn nh rng ta phi chia nh mc tng khuvc lng, cao mt nn sn phi c kim tra ri cn c vo tng,cc gc xung quanh thit lp ln mng li cc mc ph hp vi chiu dithc khi lng.+ khi lng xong phi ch bo qun b mt lng (che y cn thn)trnh 9id li tu tin mun i phi lt vn vo lp mi lng xong.+ Ch cng tc dng h cho lp lng nhm gip lm tng cht lngb mt lng v vy t 7 -10 ngy u sau khi lng cong phi ti ncdng h.

IV. CNG TC P, LT:+ Vai tr ca cng tc p lt l nhm tng tnh thm m ca cng trnh,

c tc dng bo v cng trnh chng li tc ng ca thi tit bn ngoi.Op c tin hnh trc lt.1. Chun b p lt:+ Chun b vt liu dng p lt l nhng vt liu c ch to sn cmy scnh gch men Ceramic, gch men, Granite gch phi ng chtlng, ng qui cch, khng nt n gi c ng nt hoa vn.+ Va lt dng l xi mng nguyn cht trn vi nc, ta cng c th phatrn 5% h vi so vi th tch ca xi mng tng do ca va p.+ Dng c gm: bay, niv, thc, dao ct gch, gi sch, dy

+ Dt b nhng ch li lm trn b mt cn p, cho thm va vo nhngch lm m bo cho b mt p bng phng.+ Kim tra li cao nn nh, phng ca tng cn p lt, sa libng va xi mng.2. Trnh t v cc yu cu k thut khi p lt:+ p: Dng thc k mt ng nm ngang chn tng cch nn bngchiu rng ca mt vin gch cn p. Xc nh vin mc hai bn, trtva vo hai vin mc dnh vo tng. Cn c vo hai vin mc xc nhng thng ng, cng dy theo hng thng ng trt va xi mng pgch hng thng ng. Cng dy theo 2 hng thng ng hai bn p cchng pha trong, v c th p cho n ht cao cn p. Cui cng ldng h xi mng trng ch ln cc khe h ca gch (ch joint).+ Lt: Trong khu vc cn lt cn kim tra li cc gc vung xung quanh


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xem c chnh xc cha. Xp m hng gch xung quanh xc nh vingch gc. Ri va lt c nh gch gc bng cao gch cn lt, lt hnggch pha cnh tng. Cng dy theo hai hng gch cnh tng lt cchng bn trong. Cui cng dng h xi mng trng ch ln cc khe h cagch (ch joint).+ Kim tra phng bng thc di khong 2m t p v mt p quinh l khng qu 1mm trn 1m chiu di v phng ca b mt p lt,khe h ca thc v mt p khng qu 2mm.+ Chiu dy mch p gia hai vin gch theo phng ng v phngngang l 3mm i vi tm p c kch thc ln hn 200 x 200mm, 2mmvi tm p c kch thc nh hn 200 x 200; vi gch men s, gch gm, nhn to mch va ly theo tnh cht ca phng v kch thc tm p.Cc mch va ngang dc phi sc nt, u n, no va.+ Phi chng r ch occ chi tit kt cu thp tip xc vi mt p v ccchi tit thp gi mt p. Cc chi tit neo gi (inh, cht, mc) phi mkm hoc thp khng r.+ Ch cn thn khi p lt khng lm bn tm p, v sinh bng gi lau.Trnh cc lc va chm mnh vo tm p gy v. Hoa vn khi p lt phikhp vi nhau. Ch joint phi ng mu sc thit k.+ Trc khi p phi t xong h thng ng v ng dy in ngm, ktcu p phi chc, trc khi p phi ty sch cc vt dnh du, m trn bmt.+ Mt tng trt v mt b tng trc khi p phi nh xm, mt vacement trt ch p khng xoa nhn m phi kha thnh li qu trm.Khong cch gia cc vch kha khng c ln hn 5cm v khng cln hn chiu rng ca vin gch p.+ Va m gia kt cu v gch p phi dnh kt tt, khng b bong dp,khi v trn b mt p khng c tip bp. Tin hnh p li nhng vingch b bp.

V. CNG TC QUT VI V SN:+ Cng tc qut vi v sn c thc hin sau khi trt xong nhm lmtng tnh thm m cho cng trnh chng li tc hi ca thi tit.+ i vi cng tc qut vi:Vi s dng l vi ti chn sng lc k v ho nc. Yu cu khi pha ncvi l khng qu c rt kh qut hoc qu long th khi qut vi s b

chy. Trc khi qut b mt qut vi phi v sinh k v quan trng lphi bng phng khng c li lm v vy cng tc trt ta phi thc hintt, to ra b mt ng yu cu k thut th cng tc qut vi s d dnghn. Ta tin hnh qut hai lp: lp lt (qut mt n hai nc) v lpmt. Lp trc kh mi tin hnh qut lp sau. Dung c qut l chi, tinhnh qut ngang v qut t trn xung (qut tng), qut trn th tha chi song song vi ca. Trnh t qut t trn cao xung thp, quttrn trc, tng qut sau, qut cc ng bin, ng gc lm c s qut cc mng trn tip theo. Phi m bo mt qut khng b loang l,khng l ra vt chi hay git vi ng li trn b mt lm gim tnh thm

m cng trnh, trnh ngi i va chm vo b mt mi qut lm gim ng u ca mu sc lp bn ngoi. Ch qut vi mt ngoitng phi tun th cc bin php an ton lao ng khi lm vic trn


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cao. Khi qut nn che y cc b phn khc pha di trnh bn. Cngnhn qut vi phi c tay ngh cao.+ i vi cng tc sn nc:B mt cng trnh c ph ln mt lp sn nc s to ra mt v phon m, sang trng.Trc khi sn nc ngi ta thng nh ln tng mt lp b masticnhm to nhn mn cho tng nh vy lp sn nc cui cng s tc yu cu k thut. Mt s yu cu k thut ca lp sn b mastic:phng, nhn, bng, khng r, khng bong rp b dy lp b khng qu3mm, b mt mastic khng sn ph phi u mu.+ Cc li k thut thng xy ra vi lp mastic nguyn nhn v cch khcphc:+ Lp mastic b bi phn:+ Nguyn nhn: Do b mt p dng b qu kh, nc trong hn hp nho b ht ht vo b mt, do qu trnh ninh kt (chn) ca hn hpkhng xy ra nn lp mastic bin thnh bi phn. C th khi pha trn dng lng nc qu thp cng vi vic trn khng u cng gy ra hintng trn. Cng c th khi pha trn xong thi cng ngay, khng chcho ho cht pht huy tc dng.+ Khc phc: Buc phi co b ht lp mastic ny, lm sch bi bmbng nc v chi c, Chun b b mt tht k, nu b mt kh qu thnn lm m. Lng nc pha trn cn theo ng t l l nc 1, bt 3(trong khong 16 -18 lt nc sch cho mt bao 40kg). Trn cho tht kv ch t nht l t 7 n 10 pht cho ho cht pht huy tc dng sau quy li mt ln na ri mi bt u thi cng.+ Lp mastic b nt chn chim:+ Nguyn nhn: Do lp mastic ny c trt qu dy, vt dy chophp l 3mm.+ Khc phc: Co b ht nhng ch nt chn chim. Nu b mt vng ml m su qu, th nn dng h xi mng t thm cho tng i phng,ri trt lp mastic mi.+ Ngoi sn nc cho cng trnh, sn cn dng sn ca i, ca s,nhng cu kin cn trang tr muTrc khi qut phi lm v sinh schs b mt cn sn khng bi bm vo lp sn cn t. Chn sn ngloi cng trnh ra. Khng nn qut sn vo nhng ngy nng qu (lpsn ngoi s kh trc lp sn trong khng m bo cht lng) hoc

lnh qu (sn lu kh).+ Sn c qut lm nhiu lp. Trc qut lp lt sau qut lp mt.Lu l lp trc kh mi qut lp sau. Phi bo qun tt khi sn cncha kh.+ Chn hng qut sao cho lp cui cng phi theo ng thng ng ivi tng, hng nh sng t ca vo i vi trn, theo chiu th g ivi mt g.+ Cc li k thut thng xy ra vi sn nc:+ Mn sn b r: Trn b mt mng sn c nhng ht hoc r.+ Trng hp c ht: Do c nhng vy hoc nhng mu sn kh. V cc

nguyn nhn sau: Sn b kh trn thnh vt cha sn khi thi cng hay dobi bn bm vo. Sau khi thi cng ln trc khng ra sch dng c thicng cc vy sn st li. V sinh b mt khng k, li trn b mt


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nhiu bi (sau khi x nhm lp mastic).+ Trng hp c l: do pha sn qu long to ra nhiu bt kh. Khi thicng th bt kh hin din trn mng sn. Khi kh v ra thnh l. Nu lsn dung mi - sn du th do x l b mt cn sn khng c k.+ Mng sn b nhn: Sau khi kh mng sn b nhn nheo, sn si, khngmt, phng.+ Con ln (roller) khng thch hp: Con ln c lng qu di s to nn bmt c vn ln sn si. Sn qu dy hoc sn khng u, ch dy, chmng lm cho sn khng kh cng lc. B mt bn ngoi kh trc, lpbn trong vn cha kp kh nn b mt ngoi b nhn. Sn di tri nnggt, lp ngoi b kh qu nhanh, lp bn trong cha kp kh nn b mtngoi b nhn. Sn xong gp tri lnh, nhit gim t ngt cng lmcho lp trong kh chm v lp ngoi kh nhanh.+ Mu sn khng ng nht: khi ch dng mt loi sn mu nhng khngu mu.+ Do khng khuy u thng sn trc khi ln. Th thi cng khng utay. Dng c thi cng khc nhau. Dm v khng kho lo. Mi ln thicng sn c pha long vi mt t l khc nhau.+ S phn ho: B mt mng sn c bt trng.+ Dng loi sn r tin, t l cht n/ cht to mng cao. Tia t ngoi vthi tit nh hng xu n mng sn. Do pha sn qu long lm gim kt dnh ca sn.+ Mng sn b phng rp: Sau khi kh, hnh thnh ti (bng) kh trongmng sn.+ Do b mt sn thng xuyn b m t. Do thi cng trn b mt qum. iu kin thi cng khng m bo: nhit thp, thi tit qu mt. Thi gian sn cch lp qu ngn. i vi sn dung mi: Do nhit qu cao dung mi bay hi nhanh trn mng sn cha lin kt.+ Mng sn b bong trc: Sau khi kh, mng sn b bong trc, c hai hintng: trc ton b lp mng, trc 1 hoc hn 1 lp mng.+ X l b mt khng tt, cn bi bm hay cc cht lm gim bmdnh nh du, m, spThi cng khng ng h thng, khng s dngsn ltDo mng sn b phng rp hoc phn ho. Dng lp sn hdung mi mnh hn h dung mi ca lp sn trc. Thi cng di iukin s to mng b cn tr nh nhit qu cao hoc qu thp hoc cnhiu gi lm cho mng sn bay hi qu nhanh.

+ Mng sn b nt n: Sau khi kh, mng sn xut hin nhng vt rn,vt nt.+ S dng loi sn r tin, cht lng qu thp. Pha qu long hoc lnsn qu mng. Dng hai lp sn c co dn khc nhau. S dng lpmastic khng t cht lng, d b rn, nt. Kt cu vt cn sn yu. V d nh mng b ln, tng b x.+ Mng sn b ru mc: Sau khi kh, trn mng sn nhng m, vt mcen.+ Do b mt cn sn b m. Sn lp sn ln b mt b mc sn mkhng qua x l. Sn lp sn qu mng hoc ch sn mt lp, khng

cht lng chng mc cn thit. Dng sn ni tht em sn ngoi tht.+ Mng sn b mt mu: Sau khi kh mt thi gian, mng sn b nhtmu hoc mt hn mu.


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+ Mng sn b phn hy di tc dng ca tia t ngoi v nhit cao.Dng sn ni tht em sn ngoi tht. B chy do kim ho: do khngdng lp sn lt chng kim. Nh sn xut dng mu khng ph hp mcch s dng.+ Mng sn b chy kim ( kim ho): Mng sn b mt mu, c nhngm loang.+ Do kim ca h, va qu cao tn cng vo lp mng sn, lm suyyu cht kt dnh, dn n mt mu v xung cp ton b mng sn. Dolp va h qu ti hoc lp mastic c kim cao. Khng dng lp snlt chng kim.+ Mng sn b mui ho: b mt mng sn c mt lp cht trng nh mui, thng gp nht l sn mu m.+ Do thi cng trn b mt tng mi v m. S hnh thnh mui canxiCaCO3 do m v ma ng li trn b mt mng sn.+ Mng sn b x phng ho: B mt mng sn b nht v bin mu,thng xy ra sn dung mi.+ Do h va mi c kim cao phn ng vi sn. Do x phng hockim ng li trn mng sn mt thi gian di.+ Mng sn b lch mu: khi dm v b lch mu.+ Do s dng sn khc mu dm v. Lp lt khng u hoc khnglt, nn khi dm v ging nh sn lp th hai l lp th nht. S dngdng c thi cng khc nhau dm v. Nhit khi dm v khc vi khisn cc lp sn trc. Ngi thi cng c tay ngh km. Nh sn xutkim sot mu khng k.+ Mng sn c ph km: B mt mng sn khng che ph ht lpnn.+ Pha sn qu long. S dng loi sn r tin. Gia cng khng ng quitrnh. Tay ngh thi cng thp, ln khng u.+ Mng sn b chy: B mt mng sn khng bng phng. Do v sinh bmt cn sn khng k, cn st li nhiu bi ca lp mastic. Pha sn qulong, tay ngh thi cng km.

VI. CNG TC GIA CNG, LP T CA:y l cng vic c nhiu c th ring v yu cu v cht lng, mthut cao, nn t vic ch to, lp dng, bo qun u phi cn thn tm v chnh xc m bo bn vng v an ton.

b ca ca phi tho cc yu cu sau:+ bn c hc.+ bn chu p lc gi.+ bn chu thm nc.+ lt khng kh.+ Bin php chng cn trng, nm mc.+ Vt liu ca:Vt liu g, st, nhm theo yu cu thit k. Ring vt liu g m cag gia cng ca t 13% n 17% nh qua l sy.+ Cht kt dnh: yu cu m bo gn cht cc mi lin kt ca khung

cnh, bn, chng m, ch s dng cht kt dnh khi gia cng cc chi titg c m


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tng ca.+ Lin kt cc thanh ca, khun ca, khung cnh bng mng, cht vcht kt dnh to thnh khung cng, hn ch vt, ke cha ra ngoi lmmt thm m.+ Lin kt khung ca vi tng bng cc u mt chnh nh, bt sthoc vt n.+ Np ca c dy khng i sut dc thanh, mu sc ho hp muca, lin kt vi ca bng inh vt.Ph tng ca: S lng, chng loi, kch thc, phng php c nhtng loi ph tng theo ng yu cu thit k, ng mu m cthng nht trc.Khi lp t ca t ng cao v kch thc thit k, thng ng, vunggc, khng cong vnh.+ Lp t khun ca khi thi cng khi tng, bn l, bt st lin kt vikhi xy bng va xi mng ct vng.+ B ca sau khi lp c c nh tm cho khi lp va gn kt vi tngt cng chu lc.m bo bao bc kn ca lp cht bn khng bm vo.

VII. CNG TC CHNG THM, CHNG NNG MI, SN:t ng thot nc ma cho mi nh theo thit k Quanh chn ng thot phn tip gip vi nn sn phi c chn k bngcao su tng hp chuyn dng.+ Ming thu nc ca ng thot t ti cui chiu dc nc ca sn.+ Ming thu nc ca ng thot t cng mt lc khi b tng sn.+ t li chn rc trn ming thu ca ng thot.

+ Chn ng thot nc cn c x l d dng ly rc ra khi ng khicn thit.+ Cn kim tra nh k tnh trng v sinh trn mi.+ Ngm nc xi mng 8kg/m3, 7 ngy m, 2 gi khuy 1 ln cho sn btng cn chng thm.+ lng va theo ng dy, dc v mc va, ng quy trnh chngthm thit k yu cu:Lng bng cch cng ging dy gn tick hai u v mt s im, trilp va ng dy yu cu. Dng bn xoa g v u v xoa phng. Bodng m trong thi gian 7 ngy.

Mi lp lng v qut chng thm c chng ln sn khu dng nc uvn ln khi chn tng >30cm chng nc thm qua tng.+ m bo yu cu chng thm tt, lp b tng chng thm c thicng trnh t nh sau:Thnh phn b tng chng thm theo cp phi thit k.m b tng bng my.Bo dng tt.

VII. MT S VN V T CHC THI CNG TRONG CNG TCHON THIN:So vi cc cng tc khc trong xy dng cng tc hon thin khng tnng v vn chu lc cho cng trnh nhng li i hi khc khe vthm m v vy i ng cng nhn lm cng tc hon thin phi c tay


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ngh cao, c con mt thm m su. Ngi ta vn ni ngnh xy dng lmt trong 10 ngnh m thut ca th gii v s rc r ca n v hnhthc s lm cho b mt ca thnh ph, ca t nc c nng ln. Ninh th ta mi bit c tm quan trng ca cng tc hon thin vnhng ngi to nn n. Do tnh cht m quan m cng tc hon thinc lm sau cng.Thng thng cng nhn lm cng tc hon thin tnh cng theo m2, cct i ny l chuyn nghip thng l ca cng ty hoc cng l t ingoi.T chc t i thng l mt ngi t trng v cc thnh vin khc, b tr mi ngi lm vic mt khu vc c th khc nhau. Ngi t trngphi thng xuyn kim tra cng vic ca cc thnh vin trong t kpthi pht hin nhng sai st, nhc nh nhng sai st t tm ra hnggii quyt hp l. C th c nhiu t i cng lm cng tc hon thinsong song vi nhau nu cng trnh ln, i hi thi gian. Khi hon thinth tin hnh theo trnh t t trn xung v t trong ra ngoi vi cc khuhon hoan thin nh lng, trtDng c v my mc phc v thi cngcho cng tc hon thin c chuyn mn ho cao nh my khoan lgch, my mi tng phng caoCng nhn lm cng tc hon thin phi tun th cht ch cc nguyn tcan ton lao ng c bit l trong sn nc cng trnh khi phi lm vicvi gin do trn cao. H gin phi vng chc, nu l thang dy th phivng vng.

***** CC SAI S CHO PHP THEO QUY PHM: Sai s cho php: Theo TCVN 4453-87 nhng c thm yu cu ngoi tr

khi c ghi ch c bit trong bn v hay phn khc ca yu cu k thut,sai s cho php ca vn khun thi cng s khng c vt qu gii hnnh sau:1. Sai s so vi thit k chiu di:a. ng thng v mt phng ca ct, tng:- Di


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Khong cch gia gia cc thanh thp 12mm. Cc cng tc nh giacng ct thp, sn chng r, sn ph mt ngoi, chiu di ng hn,cng cc mi hn, chiu dy ng hn s c thc hin theo ngTCVN.d. X l b mt:Tt c cc cu kin thp s c lm sch b mt, co ht r st (nu c)trc khi sn chng r. dy lp sn ti thiu 50 m v c ch ticng trng sau khi sn chng st ti thiu 48 gi sn cho tht kh.AN TON LAO NG

Trong cc ngnh k thut c bit l trong ngnh xy dng vn anton lao ng trong lc thi cng, sn xut lun l vn quan trng ct ln hng u. Ch c mt hoch nh an ton lao ng c th, c hiuqu cao mi gip cho ngi lao ng c mt tm l vng vng honthnh nhim v c giao, to ra sn phm c cht lng tt.Thng thng trong xy dng ngoi i ng gim st v mt k thut cnb tr thm mt i ng gim st v an ton lao ng trn cng trng.i ng ny lm t nhm k s c chuyn mn v an ton lao ng co to cc trng, c giao nhim v thit lp cc bin php lm vican ton, nhc nh ch dn ngi cng nhn trong nhng trng hp lmvic m h khng lng trc nguy him nhm m bo tnh mng choh gp phn khng nh vo vic hon thnh cng trnh ng tin vkhi xy ra tai nn lao ng cng trnh c khi phi dng xy dng tip.T chc b my lm cng tc an ton lao ng trn cng trng gm mttrng nhm v khong 03 thnh vin khc. Mi ngi chu trch nhimv mt khu vc c th trn cng trng m bo cc iu kin tt nhtcho cng nhn lm vic c an ton.Nhim v ca nhm gim st an ton lao ng:- Chu trch nhim chnh v an ton lao ng trong khu vc c phncng gim st.- C quyn nh ch cng vic khi c s mt an ton trong khu vc gimst.- Tuyn truyn, ph bin cc quy tc an ton lao ng cho cng nhnthc hin.- Kim tra n c hng dn an ton khi thi cng cc b phn sn xuttheo khu vc c phn cng.

- ra cc bin php an ton c th trn cng trng.- Pht hin kp thi nhng trng hp vi phm v an ton ca cng nhn,bo ln ch huy trng cng trnh c hnh thc k lut c th.- Nhc nh cng nhn trang b bo h lao ng khi lm vic.- Nhim v ca ch huy trng cng trnh:Thnh lp t an ton lao ng, phn giao trch nhim c th cho tngthnh vin trong t.Thc hin nghim chnh cc vn bn php lut cng nh cc quy phmm Nh nc ban hnh.Thc hin nghim chnh cc vn bn ch th ca cng ty.

T chc cho ngi lao ng trn cng trng c k hp ng lao ng,hun luyn an ton lao ng, kim tra sc kho, t chc b phn y t cpcu, b phn phng chy cha chy cng trng.


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Lp s theo di, ghi chp nht k cng trnh.Hng dn kim tra nhc nh thc hin cng tc an ton lao ng trncng trng qua cc cuc hp giao ban.Khen thng nhng c nhn tp th lm tt cng tc an ton lao ng,ng thi x l k lut nhng trng hp vi phm.Tip thu kin cp di v tm hng gii quyt thch hp.Nhim v v trch nhim ca ngi lao ng:Nhn thc ng n cng tc bo h lao ng bo v li ch cho gianh, c nhn v x hi.Cn thn lng trc nhng nguy him trong cng vic mnh ang lm.Tun theo s phn cng ca ngi c trch nhim trn cng trng.Lm tt cng vic ca mnh, khng lm ba, lm u, khng lm nhngcng vic m mnh khng c chuyn mn.Loi b t tng tr th c nhn d6 gy ra ti nn ng tic, on ktcng mi ngi lm tt cng vic.C quyn t chi khi iu kin lm vic khng m bo an ton.Phi c tinh thn trch nhim cao, kp thi pht hin gp ngn cnnhng trng hp vi phm quy tc an ton lao ng.QUY TC AN TON PHNG TAI NN VT RI, TRN CNGTRNG XY DNG:Cng trng xy dng phi c cc phng n thi cng, cc bin php anton lao ng phng tai nn vt ri .Khi lm vic trn cao phi c ti ng dng c thi cng, khng c btrong ti qun o. S dng dng c ngh, my mc thit b, phngtin bo v c nhn (nh nn bo h lao ng),ng chng loi ccht lng tt m bo an ton ph hp vi cng vic v iu kin lmvic. Khng a nghch, tung nm dng c, vt liu hay bt c vt gtrong khu vc thi cng.Khi gin do cao hn 6m, phi c t nht hai tng sn. Sn thao tc bntrn, sn bo v bn di. Khi lm vic ng thi lm vic trn hai sn thgia hai sn c sn hay li bo v. Sn cng tc bn trong nh xy,th bn ngoi nh phi t ro hoc bin cm, cch chn tng 1,5m nuxy cao khng hn 7m hoc cch chn tng 2m nu xy caoln hn 7m. khng c thi cng cng mt lc hai tng hoc nhiu tngtrn mt phng thng ng nu khng c thit b bo v an ton chongi lm vic di.

Khi tho d coffa phi tho d theo trnh t hp l, phi c bin php phng coffa ri hoc kt cu cng trnh b sp bt ng, phi c rochn v bin bo cc l hng ca cng trnh. Coffa sau khi tho d phic nh inh v xp vo ni qui nh, khng coffa ln sn cng tc,chiu ngh ca cu thang, ban cng, cc mt dc, cc li i st cnh lhng hoc cc mp ngoi ca cng trnh hoc nm coffa t trn caoxung.Cc h cu thang, mp sn tng, l tngphi c lan can, ro chn,bin bo, lui bo v che y. Cc li i qua li pha di gin do v gi phi c che chn bo v pha trn, Trong phm vi c ngi thng lm

vic gn cc khi nh cao tng phi c sn, li bo v bn trn trnhvt liu, dng c t trn cao ri vo ngi.Khi chuyn vt liu tha, vt liu thi t trn cao trn 3m xung phi c


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mng trt hoc cc thit b nng khc. Ming di mng trt t cchmt t khng qu 1m. khng c vt liu tha, thi t trn caoxung khi bn di cha c ro chn, cha t bin bo v cha c ngicnh gii. Cc vt liu, dng c trn mi phi c bin php chng ln,trt theo mi dc, k c trng hp do tc ng ca gi. Khng xp tiln gin do, gi , thang, sn cng tckhng ng ni qui nh.Khng i vo vng nguy him, ni ngn ro, ging dy hoc binbotrng hp lm vic trong vng nguy him phi thc hin cc binphp an ton thch ng. Trong qu trnh cu lp, khng c nging, bm trn kt cu, cu kin i qua pha trn u ngi. Sau khibuc mc, phi nng ti ln n cao 20cm ri dng li kim tra mc cn bng v n nh ca ti.QUY TC AN TON S DNG THIT B NNG:Thit b nng ch c a vo s dng sau khi c kim nh k thut an ton t yu cu v ng k s dng theo ng quy nh.Cng nhn iu khin thit b nng phi c o to (c bng hoc giychng nhn iu khin thit b nng ng vi chng loi thit b), hunluyn k thut an ton, c cp th an ton v c quyt nh b tr iukhin thit b nng bng vn bn.t cn trc phi h cc chn chng, k lt chng ln bo m n nhca cn trc.Phi m bo khong cch nh nht t thit b nng hoc ti n ngdy in nh sau:1,5m i vi ng dy c in p n 1KV2,0m i vi ng dy c in p n 1-22KV4,0m i vi ng dy c in p n 35-110KV6,0m i vi ng dy c in p n 220KV9,0m i vi ng dy c in p n 500KVPhi m bo khong cch t phn quay ca cn trc n chng ngivt t nht l 1m.Phi c ngi nh tn hiu cho thit b nng. Nu li cn cu th nhnthy ti th tn hiu do cng nhn mc cp thc hin.Phi thng xuyn kim tra tnh trng dy cp thp ca thit b nng,xch buc ti. Nu c du hiu h hng b dp, b mn, n, r stqu tiuchun cho php th loi b. Kt qu kim tra phi ghi vo s theo di vnhnh thit b.

Phi c phng php buc mc ti an ton bo m ti khng tut ritrong qu trnh cu chuyn. Cng nhn mc ti phi c o to k thutmc ti v phi c th an ton.Khi thi cng cu bng phng n s dng hai cu th phi c phng nthi cng, phi c gii php an ton c tnh ton v ph duyt ng quinh. Ti phn b ln mi thit b nng khng c ln hn trng ti. Phigiao trch nhim cho ngi c kinh nghim v cng tc nng chuyn chhuy trong qu trnh nng chuyn.Khi thit b nng hot ng:Cm ngi ng gia ti v chng ngi vt. Cm ng di vn tay

cn ca cn trc, k c trong bn knh tay cn ri xung khi b t dychng v khng gian pha trc, sau mm xe ca thit b nng.Cm cu qu ti trng cho php ca thit b nng.


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Cm nng h ti ln thng xe t khi c ngi ng trn thng xe.Cm cu ti trng thi dy cp xin, cm ko l ti trn mt t.Cm cu ti b vi di t, b vt khc ln hoc b lin kt vi nnmng v vt khc.QUY TC AN TON LM VIC TRN CAO TRONG XY DNG: Cng nhn lm vic trn cao phi m bo tiu chun v sc kho, cgiy chng nhn ca c quan y t cp, phi s dng y cc trang bphng tin bo v c nhn khi lm vic trn cao nh dy an ton, nnnha cng, vn lt, thankhng c b tr ph n c thai, ang chocon b, tr em di 18 tui lm vic trn cao.Nhng ging hm h trn mt bng v l trng trn cc sn tng cngtrnh phi c y kn v ro ngn chc chn. Ti v tr sn cng tchoc li i li trn cao nguy him phi c lan can bo v, lan can bo vphi cao 1m v c t nht hai thanh ngang c kh nng gi ngi khi bng.Thang di ng phi m bo chc chn: chiu rng chn thang t nht l0,5m thang khng b mt, on cong khi a vo s dng, chiu di cathang phi thch hp vi cao cn lm vic. Thang phi t trn mtnn bng phng, n nh v chn gi chc chn. Khng tc thang nghingvi mt phng nm ngang ln hn 600 hoc nh hn 450. khi ni dithang phi dng dy buc chc chn v u thang phi neo buc vocng trnh, phi kim tra tnh trng an ton chung ca thang trc khi s dng.Phi lt vn hoc thang trn mi nh lp tole Fibr ximng hoc tole nha cho cng nhn di chuyn lm vic. Nghim cm i trc tip ln cctm tole Fibr ximng, tole nha.Khi lm vic trn mi c dc ln hn 250 cng nhn phi eo dy anton, phi s dng thang gp t qua b nc i li an ton.Khng s dng gin do, gi , ni, thang khi khng p ng cnhng yu cu k thut v iu kin an ton lao ng nh khng y cc mc neo, dy chng hoc c neo vo cc b phn kt cu km nnh nh lan can, mi ua, ban cngcng nh vo cc v tr cha tnhton chu lc c lc neo gi. Khi s dng phi theo ng chc nngca chng.Cm xp ti ln gin do, gi , ni ngoi nhng v tr qui nh.Khi lm vic t cao 2m tr ln hoc cha n cao , nhng di

ch lm vic c cc vt chng ngi nguy him th phi trang b dy anton cho cng nhn hoc li bo v nu khng lm c sn thao tc,sn lm vic bn trn, sn bo v bn di.Cm ng trn cc kt cu, cu kin lp rp cha c n nh chcchn, li i li trn cc b phn lp rp phi theo ch dn trong thit k.Khng ung ru bia, s dng cc cht kch thch mnh nh thuc lotrc v trong qu trnh lm vic trn cao.GII PHP PHNG IN CHM MT (trong li in h th c trungtnh ni t trc tip)Bo m in tr cch in ca thit b khng nh hn 0,5 M(. Mi thit

b in phi c l lch my v c nh k kim tra o in tr cch in(6 thng hoc 1 nm/ln).V kim loi ca my in, t lnh in, b phn truyn ng ca thit b


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inphi c ni khng.Dy khng bo v (k hiu P.E) l dy dn t im trung tnh ca mypht in hoc my bin p (i vi mng in xoay chiu 3 pha) hoc t u ra c ni t (i vi ngun 1 pha).Dy P.E phi c tit din khng nh hn 0.5 tit din dy pha.Trn cy pha phi t thit b bo v (chu ch, CB) v m bo iukin dng in ngn mch (dng in trong mch dy pha dy P.E)khng nh hn 3 ln dng in danh nh ca cu ch, p t mt :Inm >=3Icc.Dy khng bo v (dy P.E) phi c ni t lp li u vo t ng dy n thit b cn ni khng c cui ng dy cng nh cuicc nhnh r c chiu di ln hn 200m.Trng hp khng thc hin c ni khng, cn lp t thit b ctin bo v dng in r (ELCB hoc cu dao chng git) ngt mchin khi c s c r in. Khi s dng thit b ct in bo v dng inr, h thng in v ph ti in phi bo m k thut hn ch dngin r thit b lm vic chnh xc, tin cy.Khi lp t ELCB cn ch ch c cc dy pha v dy trung tnh c lpvo cc cc vo v ra ca ELCB (loi ELCB 3 pha 4 cc hoc ELCB 1 pha 2cc). Dy khng bo v P.E khng c php i qua ELCB.V. QUY TC AN TON I VI IN CAO TH: - Tun th y cc quy trnh k thut an ton khi tin hnh cng victhi cng xy lp, sa cha, ci to ng dy ti in: kho st hintrng, ng k ct in bn giao ng dy ti hin trng, thc hincc bin php th in ni t, c lp 2 u on dy cng tc.- Khi tin hnh thi cng cc cng trnh xy dng trong vng nguy himca ng dy ti in cao th trn khng ang hot ng phi c giychng nhn ca c quan qun l ng dy v cc iu kin m bo anton cho vic thi cng. Vng nguy him ca ng dy ti in c quinh nh sau:

in p (KV) Khong cch(mt)Di 1 2,0T 1 20 1035 15

110 20T 150 - 220 25

Tuyt i khng vi phm khong cch an ton bo v ng dy ti incao th. Khong cch an ton bo v tng ng vi cc cp in p cquy nh nh sau:in p ng dy ti in Khong cch nh nht iTrn khng( KV) Vi tng dy pha (mt)

15 KV (dy c v bc) 1,0

15 KV (dy khng c v bc) 2,0110 KV 4,0220 KV 6,0


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QUY TC AN TON HN IN:- i vi cng nhn hn:-Phi c hun luyn v k thut an ton cng vic hn in v cp than ton, c kim tra sc kho t yu cu.-c trang b y qun o lao ng, knh hn, tp , giy, gng taycc loi phng tin bo v khc. Khi hn trong hm, thng, khoang, bkn, ni m tcng nhn hn cn phi c trang b gng tay, giycch in. Ti v tr hn phi c thm hoc bc cch in.- i vi thit b hn v ni lm vic:-My hn phi m bo tnh trng tt: c v bao che tt v m bo cchin, v my phi c ni t hoc ni khng ng. Quy phm ni t,ni khng cc thit b in, cc cc in vo v ra phi c kp bngbulng v bc cch in.-Km hn phi m bo k thut c tay cm bng vt liu cch in vchu nhit. Dy in hn phi m bo khng b trc v bc, dy mtcng phi l loi v bc, cc mi ni phi c bao kn bng bng keocch in. Khng s dng km hn t ch, km hn b hng, mc lp bov cch in.-t my hn v tr khng c ngi qua li, my hn ngoi tri phi cmi che bng vt liu khng chy. Khu vc hn phi cch ly vi khu vclm vic khc, nu khng th gia cc v tr phi t tm chn bng vtliu khng chy. Khi hn in ni c nguy c n, chy phi tun theocc quy nh v an ton phng chng chy n.Khi hn trn cao phi lm sn thao tc bng vt liu khng chy. Nukhng c sn th th hn phi eo dy an ton, ng thi phi c ti ngdng c v mu que hn tha.Khi hn trn nhng cao khc nhau, phi c bin php che chn bo v,khng cc git kim loi nng , mu que hn tha, cc vt kiu khcri xung ngi di, ri xung cc vt liu d chy bn di.Khi u in cho my hn phi do th in thc hin, phi qua cu dao,p t mt. Mi my hn phi c cp in t mt cu dao ring. Cm ridy in trn mt t, dy in va chm vo st thp, kt cu kim loica cng trnh.Khi tin hnh hn:Cng nhn hn phi c trch nhim theo di tnh trng hot ng camy hn trong qu trnh lm vic. Khi c s c hng hc phi bo ngay

cho th in sa cha.Cm sa cha my hn khi ang c in.Khi hn bn trong cc hm, thng, khoang, b kn (hoc hn trn caokhng c sn thao tc), phi c ngi nm vng k thut an ton nggim st. Ngi vo hn phi eo dy an ton ni vi dy dn ti chngi gim st ( ct in kp thi v cp cu khi c s c).Cm hm cc hm, thng khoang, b kn ang c p sut hoc angcha cht d xy ra chy n. Cm s dng hoc bo qun cc nhin liu,vt liu d chy n ni tin hnh cng vic hn in.Khi hn c to bi v kh cng nh khi hn bn trong cc thng, bung,

khoang, b kn phi thc hin thng gi cp, ht v phi thc hin thnggi ht cc b ch tin hnh hn. Khng kh ht phi thi ra ngoi khuvc ly khng kh cp.


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Chiu sng khi tin hnh hn trong cc thng, khoang, b kn phi dngn di ng in p 12V hoc dng n nh hng chiu t ngoi vo.

MT S BIN PHP PHNG CHY IN: phng qu ti:Khi thit k phi chn tit din dy dn ph hp vi dng in s dng.Khng c t cu mc thm qua nhiu dng c tiu th in trnmng.Thng xuyn kim tra nhit cc my mc, thit b, dy dn khng nng qu mc qui nh.Khi s dng cc my mc thit b in phi c thit b bo v nh cu ch,ptmt. phng chp mch:Khng s dng dy in trn khng c v cch in.Cm dng inh, dy thp buc gia dy in.Cc mi ni dy cn chc v gn, cc mi ni phi t so le nhau v cbc cch in tt, nn c hp u dy an ton. phng in tr tip xc ln:Cc im u dy phi ng k thut.Khng treo cc vt nng trn dy.Cc im tip xc in, cu daokhng c b r hoc khuyt tt vti s pht nhit ln. phng chy do tnh in:Truyn in tch tnh in i bng cch tip t hoc cc thit b mymc, cc b cha, cc ng dn bng kim loi.Tng m tng i ca khng kh trong cc phn xng c nguyhim v tnh in ln khong 70% (khi m t 30 40% thng gy rachy do tnh in i vi nhng phn xng nguy him v tnh in).Cc ai truyn chuyn ng cn tip t phn kim loi. phng chy do h quang in v s truyn nhit ca vt liu tiu thin:Dng nhng b phn c bit trnh h quang in nh cu dao du,my bin th, ui n chng n.Cm dng bn i, bp in m khng c ngi trng nom.Cm dng vt liu d chy lm chao n, khng dng bng n in sy qun o, nhng vt liu tiu th in nh bn i, n chiu sng, bp

in phi xa cc vt chy t nht 0,5m. phng ng c in b chy:Khi ng ngun in vo ng c m khng thy ng c hot ng, cnngt in v sa cha kp thi. phng st nh:Cn lp t h thng chng st nh thng cho cc cng trnh nh cacao, ni thng xuyn c ging.Lp t thit b ct st hoc lc st cho cc thit b in t hoc inthoi.

AN TON LAO NG TRONG CNG TC LP DNG GIN DO,COFFA, CT THP:- Cng nhn phi c sc kho m bo cho vic ln cao lp dng v


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tho d gin do.- Lp dng v tho d gin do phi tun theo cc th t qui nh.- Trong lc lm vic khng c n a, khng s dng cht kch thch,phi s dng cc phng tin dng c bo h.- Cc t lp dng trc phi vng chc mi c s dng i li s dng cc t tip theo.- Khng c neo t gio vo nhng b phn ca cng trnh khng vngchc.- Khi lp dng v tho d phi c bin bo cm ngi khng c nhim vi qua li.- Tho d xong phi thu dn dng cho ln sau.- Khi tho d dng giy, rng rc th cc b phn, tuyt i khngc y c gin do hoc tho ri ng trn cao nm xung tgy h hng mt an ton.- Chn gio phi ng vng trn nn vng chc, khi gp nc khng bln. Khp ni, cht, kho phi m bo lin kt tt. Khng dng nhngng thp qu h hng.- Coffa, cc vt liu ri vn a xung bi vt liu di t trnh trnghp cc vt ri xung gy tai nn cho ngi i li.- Khi lp coffa, thp phim bo chu lc tt, phn b u, lp dng phichc chn. Phi cn thn tuyt i khi h thp dm trn sn: khng bt c b phn no ca c th v tr dm.- Coffa phi c thu dn gn gng khng trng ln nhau hay trng lnct thp.AN TON LAO NG TRONG CNG TC B TNG:Khi nghim thu khi b tng lu n khi , cy chng, cu thangln xung sn thao tc, s lng dm b tng, n chiu sng, bo h laong ( nn cng, ng cao su, gng tay) cho cng nhn cc iu kinphc v cho vic b tng khi mi tin hnh .Khi s dng m in m b tng phi kim tra v m v cc dyin trc khi em ra s dng.AN TON LAO NG TRONG S DNG CC MY NH TRONG XYDNG (my ct, my bo, my pht in, my ca)Tt c cc loi my khi s dng c nhiu im chung v p dng binphp an ton ging nhau.Cng nhn vn hnh my phi bit cch s dng my, c th cchng ch

s dng my.Kim tra, bo dng my thng xuyn m bo cho my hot ngtt nht.Sa cha cc h hng xy ra cho my.Qu trnh hot ng ng cng sut, tnh nng ca my do nh ch toqui nh.Vi my chy in ngoi vic chy my, u in ng k thut an toncn thng xuyn kim tra cch in ca v my.AN TON LAO NG TRONG CNG TC XY T, HON THIN BMT CNG TRNH:

Trc khi xy tng phi kim tra li tnh trng n nh ca mng hocphn tng xy trc hoc n nh ca gi , gin do. cao2,5m tr ln, vt liu phi c ng vo thng cha rc chc chn


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(khng vn chuyn bng tung, buc dy hoc xp c ngn trn bn nngm khng c thnh che chn).Cm xy tng ln cao qu hai tng khi cc tng sn cha gc dm snhoc ca lm sn tm cc tng .Chiu cao ca mi nc tng khng thp hn sn cng tc hai hng gch.Khi xy phi ng trn mt sn cng tc thp hn chiu cao ca mttng ang xy t nht 15cm. Cm ng trn tng xy.Khng vt liu, dng c trn mt tng khi ngng xy.Khi ng pha trong ca tng nh th pha ngoi ca tng nh phit ro che chn cch chn tng 1,5m nu tng xy cao cha qu 7mv ro cch chn tng 2m nu tng xy qu 7m.Cc tng cao t 1,5m tr ln phi bt gin do xy, cng nhn khngc ngi ngh trn tng mi xy xong.Vn chuyn gch ln cao phi dng ro, trnh qung nm.Vi cng tc khc trn cao ngi cng nhn phi nhc nh cn trng cbit khi lm vic ni cheo leo cn b k thut phi kim tra dy an tonneo buc chc chn mi cho thc hin cng tc.Phi ngng vic xy t nu ma to v che chn cho khi xy gin dolun kim tra chc, tnh n nh ca khi xy.Sn cng tc tt, chn gio vng chc, phi chn cn thn khng cpknh. Mi ln di chuyn gio, gh khng dng c nh con ln, chiqut, bay, bn xoa, vi sn trn sn cng tc (mt gh), v di chuyn rthay b ri xung gy nguy him.Chn thang phi chn chng trt. u thang phi bt gi v c dy buc gh vo mt v tr c nh trong nh.Khi qut vi hay sn phi mc qun o bo h lao ng v cc th phngh khc nh gng tay, khu trang. Lm vic trn cao nhng ch cheoleo nguy him, nht thit phi mang dy an ton.Qut vi, sn ni c in phi ngt.S dng cc dng c nh b mastic phi cn thn, nu khng d b ttay, chy mu v khi thi cng cnh bn b, li dao mn v sc.NHNG BIN PHP P DNG KHI X L NHNG V VIC LINQUAN N TAI NN LAO NG:Trong ngnh xy dng iu kin lm vic phc tp li i hi phi png tin , khng xy ra tai nn l kh khn v th phi hn ch khng xy ra tai nn l vn kh khn chnh v th phi hn ch

khng xy ra tai nn ng tic xy ra.Nhng v tai nn nh c th xy ra do vn x tr cc v tai nn laong l quan trng.Khi c tai nn in phi kp thi ngt in tch nn nhn ra khi ngunin sau tin hnh h hp nhn to cho nn nhn nu b bt tnh.Vi cc tai nn chy mu, gy xng ta x tr bnh tnh bng b v avo bnh vin gn nht.Nu b thng ct sng khi di chuyn nn nhn phi nh nhng.Kp thi lp bin bn hin trng, ni dung bin bn trung thc.Hp kim im rt kinh nghim, hoc k lut nhm ngn chn tai nn

khng tip tc xy ra.CC BIN PHP KHC LIN QUAN N VN AN TON LAONG TRN CNG TRNG:


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B tr mt bng hp l thun tin cho thi cng v giao thng i li. Lmvic phi y sng, trang b h thng chiu sng thch hp, y .C y nh v sinh, t thuc y t. C y bin bo cng trnh, niquy an ton cng trn cng trng.m bo an ton giao thng trn cng trng: li xe, cu phi tun theos ch dn ca ch huy cng trng. B tr bo v m bo an ninh trncng trng. Nhng ngi khng c trch nhim khng c i lung tungtrn cng trng, khng c chuyn mn nhim v khng c iu khinphng tin.Khng b tr ngi lm vic, i li trong phm vi vng quay ca my omy xc. Khng ch ngi trn thng xe t.Cng tc cu lp t cng phi kim tra k cc thit b nng h, thao tctrong qu trnh s dng. m bo lu thng tt trong gi cao im.i vi nhng h mng o su, ni thng xuyn c ngi qua li philm ro chn cn thn, ban m phi c tn hiu thng bo cho ngi quali bit.Trnh nha nng dnh vo ngi khi ang lm vic.Ngi lm vic trn cng trng phi trang b y nn bo h laong, tu theo tng cng vic m trang b bo h lao ng thch hp.CNG TC PHNG CHY CHA CHY:Khi tin hnh thi cng s lin h vi cng an phng chy cha chy aphng lp phng n phng chy cha chy trn cng trng.Trang b y cc phng tin phng chy cha chy nh bnh chachy, ct, ncB tr h thng chng st, ni t cho nh v cc thit b khc.Cng tc un nu nha phi theo di thng xuyn nha khi trn vchy.V SINH MI TRNG

Ban ch huy cng trng c ton quyn qun l, gii quyt mi vn lin quan n cng tc v sinh mi trng v thc hin th tc php li vi c quan chnh quyn. Ban ch huy cng trng ra cc bin phpche chn, chng bi, khi, ting n, b tr gi gic thi cng hp l chotng cng tc nht l cng tc d gy nhim mi trng v n m botun theo qui nh ca nh nc v khi, ting n. Ngoi ra ban ch huycng trng phi t chc mt nhm lao ng phc v cho cng tc v

sinh mi trng.Khi thi cng xong th tin hnh thu dn v sinh sch s, gn gng ngni qui nh khi thi cng cc cng tc sau khng gp tr ngi v mbo v sinh khu vc thi cng.Cc vt liu tha v cht thi sau khi thi cng nu khng cn s dng nath x l hy b m bo v sinh cho cng trng.Cc xe vn chuyn vt liu phi ph bt cn thn, trnh ri vi khi vnchuyn d gy ra nguy him cho ngi lu thng, nh hng n mquan ng ph.Trm trn b tng phi t cch xa khu dn c sinh sng, c h thng

chng bi, chng n tt khng gy nh hng ti mi trng xung quanh.Nh v sinh trn cng trng phi qut dn thng xuyn, m bo cnc v dng c v sinh.


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H thng nc phc v thi cng, phc v cng tc phng chy cha chyc cung cp y bng ngun cp nc khu vc v h. H thngmng m thot nc ma phi c dc thot nc ra h thngthot nc ca khu vc v vy trn mt bng thi cng cn to ra mt dc thch hp cho nc thot khng ng.

H S HON CNG

H S PHP LQuyt nh ph duyt ca cc cp c thm quyn.Giy chng nhn quyn s dng data.Vn bn chp thun ca c quan c thm quyn.Quy hoch, kin trc.Thit k, k thut, tng d ton.Thit k v thit b phng chy cha chy.Bo v cng trng.u ni vi cng trnh h tng k thut ( cp in, cp nc, thot nc,giao thng)An ton iu (nu c), an ton giao thng.Giy php kinh doanh ca cc n v t vn thit k xy dng trongnc v chng ch hnh ngh ca cc c nhn ph hp vi cng vic thchin.T vn xy dng (kho st, thit k kin trc, kt cu)Gim st thi cng xy lp.Kim nh cht lng.Giy php kinh doanh ca cc nh thu xy lp trong nc (nh thuchnh, nh thu ph)Giy php u t xy ti Vit Nam ca cc nh thu nc ngoi (thu t vn xy dng, thu xy lp)Hp ng thi cng cng trnh gia ch u t v nh thu xy lp.H s thit k k thut c cc cp c thm quyn ph duyt.Bo co kho st a cht cng trnh.Bin bn kim tra (nghim thu hon thnh) ca cp c thm quyn.Thc hin giy php xy dng (i vi trng hp phi c giy php xydng).Ch gii t xy dng.

Phng chy cha chy, chng st.Bo v mi trng.An ton lao ng an ton vn hnh.TI LIU QUN L CHT LNGBn v hon cng cc hng mc v ton b cng trnh v kin trc, ktcu, lp t thit b, h thng k thut cng trnh hon thin(c danhmc bn v v hon cng km theo).Cc chng ch k thut v cc phiu kim tra xc nhn cht lng vtliu, cu kin sn phm xy dng v my mc thit b s dng ca cngtrnh.

Chng ch k thut xc nhn ca ni sn xut i vi: b tng, ct thp,kt cu thp, cu kin sn phm xy dng khc, thit bPhiu kim tra cht lng thng qua mu ly ti hin trng do mt t


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chc php nhn c t cch php nhn v nng lc thc hin i vi btng, ct thp, kt cu thp, cu kin sn phm xy dng khc.Phiu kim tra cht lng thit bCc ti liu o c.Bo co kt qu cc th nghim hin trng (gia c nn, sc chu ti cacc, mng, in tr ni t)Bin php th nghim hiu chnh vn hnh thit b chy th khng ti vc ti.Bin bn th cc thit b thng tin lin lc cc thit b bo v.Bin bn th cc thit b phng chy cha chy.Bin bn kim nh mi trng mi sinh (i vi cc cng trnh phi lpd n bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng).Nht k theo di xy dng cng trnh ca cc ch u t, nh thu xylp v t vn thit k.Bin bn nghim thu cng trnh xy lp, nghim thu giai on xy lp,nghim thu thit b chy th khng ti, nghim thu thit b chy th tnghp, nghim thu hng mc cng trnh, nghim thu hon thnh a vos dng.Ti liu hng dn hoc qui nh hin hnh, bo tr thit b v cng trnh.Bo co cc ch u t v v qu trnh thi cng xy dng v cht lngcng trnh.Bo co ca nh thu xy lp, t vn thit k, n v gim st ca chu t v kt qu cng vic kim nghim.

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