BIKE-SHARING IN SPAIN: AN OVERVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS Alberto Castro & Esther Anaya Bicycle mobility Independent consultants and researchers

POLIS CONFERENCE 28th November 2012, Perugia (Italy)

Study supported by:

SYNOPSIS A. BIKE-SHARING SCHEMES (BSSs) IN SPAIN

A1. Evolution A2. Previous studies

B. STUDY 2011 B1. Goals B2. Methodology B3. Content B4. Some results

C. CONCLUSION D. DOWNLOAD

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Evolution of the number of implemented BSSs (N=147)

A1. EVOLUTION Quick development from 2007

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A2. PREVIOUS STUDIES Year 2007 2009 2011

Name

Guía metodológica

para la implantación

de sistemas de bicicletas

públicas en España

Estudio sobre el impacto de

la implantación de sistemas de

bicicletas públicas en

España

Balance General de la Bicicleta Pública en España

Authors

Ferrando Harritz, Esther Anaya & Idoia

Arauzo

Esther Anaya, Diana

González & Ferrando Harritz

Esther Anaya & Alberto Castro

Funding IDAE Ministry of Infrastructure

Fundación ECA Bureau-Veritas & IDAE (Institute of Energy

Saving of Ministry of Industry)

Conference

1st Spanish Bike-Sharing Conference (Barcelona)

2nd Spanish Bike-Sharing Conference

(Sevilla)

3rd Spanish Bike-Sharing Conference (Santander)

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B1. GOALS

Overview (quantitative): List of Spanish bike-sharing

schemes (BSSs) Main characteristics of the

systems

Recommendations (qualitative): Benefits and strategies to

optimize them Problems and suggestions to

solve them

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B2: METHODOLOGY Overview (quantitative):

Data base of Esther Anaya mainly compiled through Internet research

Survey for municipalities with BSSs

Recommendations (qualitative): Literature review (academic

works, reports, websites, press, etc)

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B3. CONTENT Foreword: 5 international experts on bike-sharing Introduction: study’s background and concept of BSS Status quo: in Spain, Europe and world-wide Characteristics of BSSs in Spain

Design (subscriptions, opening hours, pricing, technology) Number and location of bicycles & stations Rents & users profile Management Funding

Benefits of BSSs Description Optimization

Problems of BSSs Description Solution

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B4. SOME RESULTS. BSSS AND MUNICIPALITIES 28/11/2012

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135

184

12

12

0

50

100

150

200

250

BSSs Municipalities

Number of BSSs and municipalities

SuspendedIn operation

Total implemented = 147

Total implemented = 196

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B4. SOME RESULTS. POPULATION 28/11/2012

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0-50,000 inhab.51%

50,001 -100,000 inhab.

21%

100,001 -500,000 inhab.

24%

> 500,000 inhab.

4%

Population of municipalities with BSSs (N=135)

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B4. SOME RESULTS. BICYCLES 28/11/2012

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65%

101 - 50031%

501-1,0001%

Más de 1,0003%

Number of bicycles (N=135)

Total = 26.213 bicycles

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B4. SOME RESULTS. SUBSCRIPTIONS & PRICING 28/11/2012

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Unlimited38%

Annual62%

Long-term subscriptions (N=26)

Available42%

Not available

58%

Short-term subscriptions, <1year (N=26)

Unlimited free rents

61%30

minutes23%

60 minutes

8%

None8%

Free of charge rental period. Long term susbscription (N=26)

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B4. SOME RESULTS. TECHNOLOGY & OPENING HOURS 28/11/2012

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80 % of BSSs open 12 months/year (N=26) 80% 7 days/week(N=26) 4% 24h/day (N=26)

100%

50%60%

67%

50%

33%23%

16%17%16%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Evolution of share of manual systems(N=147)

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B4. SOME RESULTS. ROTATION 28/11/2012

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0-0.25 57%

0.26a 0.59%

0.51 - 110%

1.1 - 310%

>314%

Rents /bicycle*day (N=19)

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B4. SOME RESULTS. BENEFITS 28/11/2012

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POSITIVE EFFECT OPTIMIZATIONCongestion charge or limitation of car traffic in citiesLocation of stations in origin and destination of frequent car routes and park&ride infrastructuresCombination with car-sharingInformative integrationPhysical integrationOperational integrationDiscounts for intermodal usersAvoid decrease of quantity and quality of private bicycle infrastructureCommon elements for pubic and private bicycle (eg. Traffic calm, cycle ways, maps, signposting...)Compensatory measures (eg. Cycle parking inside and outside buildings, security against theft, maintenance courses…)Reduction of car trafficOptimization of redistribution"Green" redistribution and repair vehiculesIntegrated health policies including bike-sharingPromotion of the positive effects of cycling on healthReminder of traffic rules (eg. On the handlebar)Traffic safety campaignsInsurances covering accident riskHire local staffIntegrate bike-sharing with social projectsInvolve retailers

Enhance local economy

Reduction of car traffic

Promotion of public transport

Increase of cycling

Reduction of pollution

Improvement of public health

Increase of traffic safety

B4. SOME RESULTS. PROBLEMS

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PROBLEM SOLUTIONOptimize redistrubution through algorithmsIncrease the number and size of stationsIncrease use fees (especially of intensive users)Limit the number of subscriptionsShift trips to private bicyclesInformation about availability of free bicycles and docking pointsBigger or denser station networkRe-location of stationsPromotion campaingsGuarantee of good initial conditionsDurable and easy-reparing bicyclesDevices for detecting breakdowns Keep bicycles in safe lots during the nightRe-location of stationsVideo surveillanceDurable and easy-reparing bicyclesProtection of bicycle piecesEducational campaignsEasy devices for returning bicyclesAvoid technological errorsOpen communation ways with users

Overuse

Underuse

Breakdowns

Theft and damage

PROBLEM SOLUTIONOptimize logistic of redistrubutionAvoid stations on uphillsRe-location of stationsIncentives for returning bicycles with low demandIntroduce electric bicyclesIncrease the size of stations with high demand"Green" redistribution and repair vehiculesInformation about availability of free bicycles and docking pointsPrevious study of availability of space and impactsAvoid occupying space of pedestrians, cycling and public transportRe-organize the stationRound tables for sensitive groupsRegulation of the upper cycling mobility normativeTraining on traffic safetyInsurances covering accident riskPosibility of defense in case of finePosibility of unsubscription in case of increase of feesCustomer call centers free of chargeUnderstandable and fair conditions of useEconomical fees for disadvantaged groupsAvoid depositsDiversity of ways of subscription and useCost-benefit studies including externalitiesDiversify financial sourcesSolve problems concerning overuse, breakdowns, theft, redistribution and/or legal aspects

Low economic and

tecnological

Economic unviability

Redistribution

Space ocupancy

Legal aspects

B4. SOME RESULTS. BENEFITS AND PROBLEMS 28/11/2012

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Walking 36,2%

Private bicycle 1,7%

Public transport 55,5%

Car+PT 1,9%Car 4,7%

"For this specific trip, if you would not have bike-sharing, which transport mode would you have used?"

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C. CONCLUSIONS 28/11/2012

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Methodology for success: 1. Set goals: “success” = achievement of goals 2. Take into account positive and negative effects 3. Consider the zero option: Not implementing 4. Ensure durable funding 5. Define short-term and long-term quantitative targets 6. Define indicators to measure the target 7. Collect data 8. Monitor the system 9. Compare these values with the targets 10. Introduce improvements if required

D. DOWNLOAD Full report free of charge available at:

www.fundacionecabv.org/sites/default/files/BalanceGeneralBicicletaPublicaEspan-a_0.pdf

Language: Spanish Summary: English & Spanish

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Contact: Alberto Castro PhD Civil Engineer Bicycle mobility consultant and researcher E-mail: alberto.acf@gmail.com CV: www.linkedin.com/in/albertocastro1 Blog: bicicletapublica.wordpress.com

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