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Binder Check!!
Please have your binders on your desk. The 4 sections need to be labeled:
-Notes-tests/quizzes-Review-Essays
If you are missing dividers get a 4th period class to get some on Wednesday!
Tweety Tuesday
1st person writes three #hashtags
2nd person writes 3 sentences explaining the significance of ONE of the #hashtags
Today’s Topic:
Watertown, NY
Taking Notes
I will give you guided note packets for the year. This are full of information and must be
kept in your binders
Some slides you will need to take notes on, others you wont. Pay attention to the upper
left hand corner for a pencil icon.
Write notes!!!
Slides with the pencil icon have blanks that you must fill in, or questions that you must answer on your note sheets.
No notes needed
Some slides are meant to increase your understanding of a topic. These slides may have a different activity but will not have notes. If there is no pencil, you don’t need to take notes, but must pay attention!
Ex: What was the note on the previous slide you needed to complete?
Pencil
Global Studies 9
Who studies history?
Studying HistoryMany different groups of people study history:
-Archaeologists- find and analyze physical remains and artifacts (objects made by humans)
-Anthropologists- study humans and the societies they created
-Geographists- study people, their environment and the resources available to them.
ArchaeologyArchaeologists study the human remains and artifacts from the past.
They also study the technology, or the skills and tools people used to meet their basic needs.
Technology from pre-history often includes rough stone tools and animal skin clothes.
GeographyTheme: Relationship between people, places, and environments over time
Geography includes how we have altered the environment to match our needs
*Dams to slow water and prevent floods
*Canals to transport goods quickly
*Irrigation ditches to water plants
*Terrace farming in the mountains
GeographyTheme: Relationship between people, places, and environments over time
Geography also includes how the environment affects humans
Can you think of a way our environment affects us in Northern NY?
GeographyWe have 5 main ways we examine geography
Location Longitude and Latitude
Place The physical features such as mountains, water, climate and resources
Human environment interaction
How we are and have shaped the environment (dams)
Movement Trade, Migration and cultural diffusion
Region Unifying characteristics that unite a region (Atlantic coast states)
2 Types of MapsTopographic- the physical features of a place or region
Political- shows the borders of countries and nations
HemispheresThe Earth is also split into several hemispheres: Northern and Southern/ Western and Eastern
A Hemisphere is created by cutting the globe in half
Western Eastern
Northern
Southern
ClimateClimate is the average weather in a region
TropicalNear the equator; tropical rainforests
Mid latitudeVariety of weather changes with season. (North America and Europe)
High latitude Polar regions, very cold
Dry Less than 10 inches rain/year; hot during the day, cold at night
What Climate zone does this picture represent?
Review
A topographical map would most likely be used to:
1.identify the major agricultural products of Egypt
2.determine the population of Beijing, China
3.estimate the elevation of Kabul, Afghanistan
4.count the number of provinces in India
Review
The study of people, their environment, and their resources is:
1. archaeology2. anthropology3. geography4. sociology
Pre-history
The time before written records
Early PeopleEvidence suggests the earliest humans came from East Africa
Humans then migrated to Europe and Asia Migrate:the movement of people from one area to another
Paleolithic AgePaleolithic means Old Stone Age. Humans in this time had very simple tools made of stone.
Hunters and Gatherers- food came from hunting animals and gathering berries and fruits as they ripened
People were nomads- moving to follow herds and plant ripening
The Climate was very cold, the world was mostly covered in glaciers, or large sheets of ice
Life in Paleolithic AgeIt was difficult to survive in the cold weather. Nomadic groups of 20-30 banded together, taking shelter in caves during the cold seasons
Usually men hunted while women and children gathered.
Most people died before the age of 30
Cave Art depicts animals that were hunted
After reading the image below, what was the “thing” they were making?
Prehistory: The time before written Records
How can we study Pre-history if there are no written records?
Archaeologist evidence
The Paleolithic era is part of prehistory- before writing
To study events from so long ago we use artifacts and human remains
Archaeologists have discovered many graves with tools, pots, supplies and human remains.
Artifact:Objects made by humans
Science and TechnologyTheme: Tools and methods used by people to get what they need and want
What types of technology did Paleolithic people have?
Stone arrow heads for hunting
Pots for cooking
Baskets for gathering
ReviewSketch a scene of life in the Paleolithic Age
Neolithic RevolutionRevolution= Change
Around 10,000 years ago early people began to change from hunting and gathering to farming and herding.
This period is known as the Neolithic Revolution
Neolithic Revolution
Change and Turning PointsTheme: Basic alterations in events, things and ideas
What is the basic alteration of the Neolithic Revolution?
Humans stopped migrating and settled in one place.
Life in Neolithic Age
Villages are established
Women took care of home, men farmed and took care of animals
Some groups domesticated animals in closed pens, others herded them to green pastures.
The rank of men increased over women
Read “The Changing Ways of Life” on page 12 of your blue books (under the desk)
Effects of the Neolithic Revolution
People lived longer
Steady source of food increased
Population increased
Civilizations started to develop
Compare and ContrastPaleolithic Neolithic
Skara BraeRead pages 11-12 to learn about Skara Brae, an ancient village that developed during the Neolithic Revolution.
1)Explain why cooperation would be essential to survival in Neolithic Villages like Skara Brae
2)Identify two forms of technology the people of Skara Brae developed. What was one they were missing?
EffectsWhat types of changes do you think occurred because of the Neolithic Revolution?
-Surplus food -improved health -permanent shelters-women’s status declines-Trade and interaction
Increase population
Crash Course: Neolithic Revolution
As the video plays write down 3 things about the Neolithic Revolution and how it changed life
Villages Cities Civilizations
As the population increased, villages became cities, and soon cities developed into Civilizations
Features of CivilizationsCivilizations all have 8 basic features
1) Cities
2) Well-organized central governments
3) Complex religions
4) Job specialization
5) Social classes
6) Arts and architecture
7) Public works
8) Writing
CitiesAs farmers were able to produce surplus food populations grew. Villages became cities as their populations continued to grow.
Organized GovernmentGovernments were responsible for
-issuing laws
-collecting taxes
-ensuring a steady and sufficient food supply
-organizing defense
.
Bureaucracy developed: officials would oversee various duties such as farming production, animal husbandry, road repair
During the Paleolithic Age governments were led by the tribe elders, who had the most experience. In the Neolithic Age Warrior Kings fought to gain and maintain power
Complex ReligionsMost ancient religions were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many gods. Many gods were based around nature such as Sun gods, river goddesses, and animal spirits. Others were based around human activities such as war gods.
To appease the gods people built temples and made sacrifices. Priests were specially trained in rituals, knowledge and ceremonies to keep the favor of the gods.
Job SpecializationAs cities continued to grow, so did their “To-do-list”. Urban people developed numerous skills to help them maintain their cities and evolving lifestyles:
-Artisans were skilled craft workers who made pottery, tools, and other goods.
-Bricklayers built city walls and buildings
-Soldiers defended cities
-Farmers worked the land
Social ClassesPeople were ranked according to their jobs.
Priests and nobles
Wealthy merchants
Artisans
Peasant farmers
Slaves
Nobles- wealthy families with ties to the king
Label the pyramid on your papers
Egyptian Social classes
Arts and ArchitectureTo emphasize the power of the government, the rulers would commission grand buildings such as temples and palaces.
Public WorksRulers would order projects to benefit the city by protecting it from attack and ensuring a steady food supply. Such projects included irrigation systems, roads, bridges, and defensive walls. What is the purpose
of the system pictured to the right?
Irrigation- bringing water to the plants away from the water source
WritingWriting has developed over time from pictograms to letters. Pictograms are simple drawings that show the words they represent. In time symbols were added for ideas that could not easily be drawn.
Only a select few, called scribes, learned to read and write.
Would scribes be in a low, mid or high social class? Why?
Scribe: people who learned to read and write
Review
What social class would it be unlikely for a Scribe to come from?
1)Priests2)Nobles3)Merchants4)Farmers
Review
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Neolithic Age?
1)Villages2)Farming3)Nomads4)Job Specialization