Biogas Asia Pacific Forum 2015 Malaysia, April 28-30

BIO-METHANE FUELLED PALM OIL OPERATIONS

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Indonesia perspective

M. Ansori Nasution ansoricca@gmail.com

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• Opportunity of Biomethane Fuelled • Indonesia Palm Oil mill status • Benefits of Biogas/Biomethane to POM

• Conducted Research • CBG (Compress Biogas) for Vehicle Fuel • CBG as Household Stove Fuel

• Challenges of Bio Methane Fuelled • Conclusions

OUTLINES

Area: 7.824.623 ha

Source: IOPRI, 2012

Indonesian oil palm in 2014

Plantation area Mature area CPO Production Palm kernel production

10,261,785 ha 7,411,242 ha 29,51 MT 5.7 MT

INDONESIA PALM OIL STATUS

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POMS IN INDONESIA

POMs in Indonesia

Province Total Installed Cap. (Ton FFB/h)

N. Aceh Darussalam 25 980

North Sumatera 92 3,815

West Sumatera 26 1,645

Riau 140 6,660

Kep. Riau 1 40

Jambi 42 2,245

South Sumatera 58 3,555

Kep. Bangka Belitung 16 1,235

Bengkulu 19 990

Lampung 10 375

West Java 1 30

Banten 1 60

West Kalimantan 65 5,475

Central Kalimantan 43 3,100

South Kalimantan 15 770

East Kalimantan 29 1,545

Central Sulawesi 7 590

South Sulawesi 2 150

West Sulawesi 6 260

Southeast Sulawesi 3 260

Papua 3 140

West Papua 4 360

Total 608 34,280

POMs are mainly located in Sumatera (70%) Kalimantan (25 %) & others Located in remote area Indonesia CPO Mills capacity are 30, 45, 60 ton FFB/hr About 5% mills installed with methane capture system

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Typical POMs in Indonesia

POME: Characteristics

Parameter Concentration

(mg/L) Limit Element

Concentration

(mg/L)

Oil and grease 4000–6000 25 Potassium 2,270

Biochemical oxygen

demand 25,000 100 Magnesium 615

Chemical oxygen demand 50,000 350 Calcium 439

Total solid 40,500 1500 Phosphorus 180

Suspended solids 18,000 250 Iron 46.5

Total volatile solids 34,000 Boron 7.6

Total Nitrogen 750 Zinc 2.3

Ammonicals nitrogen 35 Manganese 2.0

Copper 0.89

Source: Nasution et al. 2009

One of Important

point

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POME : Common Treatment

Common POME treatment in Palm Oil Mill : * Dominated by open lagoon technology - Need large area (3-4 ha per plant) - High cost for maintenance and social cost - Requires about 60-90 days for processing before discharged to watercourses - Produce methane gas as green house gas that emitted to

atmosphere. * Combination of utilizing POME as fertilizer such as land

application and composting, and another treatment such as membrane, chemical coagulation…

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Benefits of Biogas/Biomethane to POM

Certified CPO

(RSPO)

ELECTRICIT

Y

CDM

(if Exist)

Water process

reduction

METHANE CAPTURE

REDUCE

OPERATIONAL COST

OF POND SYSTEM

Social impact or

minimize external

interference FERTILIZER

VEHICLE

FUEL

HEAT

INVESTATIO

N

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SOFT RETURN UTILIZATION OF GASES

Bio-Methane/CBG potency at POM

30 ton FFB/ h 6.2

KLGE/day

45 ton FFB/h 8.7

KLGE/day

60 ton FFB/h 12.4

KLGE/day

Capacity Biomethane

(200 bar) POM

*Assumptions: COD = 50,000 ppm 1 kg COD ~ 0,35 M3 methane **1 litre CBG = 0,5 (LGE) litre gasoline equivalent (base on research conducted) 8

Indonesia (all POM) 300 KLGE per hour

CBG for Vehicle fuel

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1. Biogas Production 2. Biogas Upgrading (CO2, H2S scrubbing) 3. Bio-methane compression into CBG

converter kit must be installed for gasoline car.

KEUNTUNGAN PENGGUNAAN CBG_Hasil Sementara

• 1 litre CBG equals to 0.5 litres gasoline of equivalent

• Power generated using CBG-fueled slightly lower than gasoline especially at up hill road

FUEL CONSUMPTION AND CAR PERFORMANCE

• 2 Ways to decrease greenhouse gases :

• CH4 mitigation is conducted by methane capture in anaerobic digester.

• Emissions reduction by applying CBG in vehicle to replace of gasoline fuel

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

• Only press one Button

• Can change the Fuel (CBG to gasoline or reverse) in running or stop condition.

• Automatic exchange to gasoline if the pressure low

USER FRIENDLY

Advantages Of CBG as Vehicle Fuel

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TEKNOLOGI BIOGAS PPKS_Pilot Plant CBG for Household Stove fuel

Compressing up to 15 bar The Cylinder dedicated for LPG Burning time less than 1 hour compared to LPG about 3.5 hours 11

CHALLENGES OF BIO METHANE FUELLED

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• Mill owners are still satisfied with the revenue from sale of CPO

• High Investment (reactor, gas engine, biogas upgrading and compressor)

• Low Economic Revenue (for electricity, presently around IDR 1050 /kwh + IDR 400 if subtitute Diesel fuel)

It is not attractive (especially for mill Owners):

• Not easy/economic to Injected to Natural gas pipeline

• Connection cost and power loss to national grid line (elctricity)

• Dominant vehicle use diesel (converter kit for diesel is high cost and ratio diesel and biomethane is low).

POM located in Remote Area

• Not yet standardization of technology in Methane capture

Others

CONCLUSION

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• Reducing the use of fossil energy.

• Increasing the amount of labors

• Developing the agricultural sector.

• Reducing dependence on fuel imports.

• Creating friendly environment

• Aplicable for blending with or to replace natural gases

Advantages of Biomethane fuelled from Palm Oil :

Methane capture Implementation in POM is still low due to high investment and no obligation to apply this technology

Thank you

Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI)

Jl. B. Katamso No. 51, Medan 20158

Tlp: +62 61 7862477, Fax: +62 61 7862488

homepage: www.iopri.org