BIODIV

ERSITY

CHAPTER

8.4

INTRODUCTIONBIODIVERSITY refers to the

variety forms of living things on the Earth interacting with each other

CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

• TAXONOMY is used to identify, describe, and naming organisms.

• Organisms with the same characteristics are gathered in the same class.

• Classified into 5 major:a) Monera d)Plantaeb) Protista e)Animaliac) Fungi

1.MONERA

1. PROKARYOTIC-organisms with no distinct membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.

2. Unicellular and has cell walls3. They can be photosynthetic and non-

photosynthetic4. Examples :bacteria and cyanobacteria

BACTER IA

CYANOBACTERIA

2.PROTISTA

• Eukaryotes-includes unicellular or multicellular organisms, and each have nucleus and organelles that are surrounded by membranes.

• Some have cell walls and some doesn’t.

• Multicellular protists are not specialized to perform specific functions in the organisms

• Has 2 types:1. Algae2. Protozoa

EXAMPLE OF PROTISTSPROTOZOA ALGAE

Amoeba sp. Chlamydomonas sp.

Paramecium sp. Spirogyra sp.

3.FUNGI• Both multicellular

and unicellular organism• The cell walls of

fungi contain a material called chitin.• Body consists of a

network of thread-like hyphae called mycelium.

• They do not contain chlorophyll and may feed saprotrophically by absorbing nutrients from decaying organic matter while others are parasitic.

• Examples : moulds(mucor), mushrooms and yeast.

MOULDS

OR

MUCOR

MUSHROOMS

YEAST

4.PLANTAE

• Plants are multicellular organisms that are immobile, contains chlorophyll and produce their own food by photosynthesis.

• Each plant cells has cell wall, nucleus and other organelles.

• Examples: palm trees, conifers, and flowering plants.

• Animals are multicellular and mobile.

• Do not have any cell walls • Do not have chlorophyll• Example: bird ,dragonfly ,and

fish

5.ANIMALIA

BIRD

DRAGONFLY

FISH

THE HIERARCHY IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

KINGDOM

PHYLIUM

CLASS

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS

SPECIES

• Living organisms are classified into 7 hierarchical levels.

• The number of organisms in each unit decreases from kingdom to species.

• Therefore ,each higher unit covers a greater range of organisms.

LINNAEUS BINOMIAL SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION

This type of classification uses 2 words to name every species or organisms found:a)The first word in the name refers to genus .b)The second word is the specific name.

Both name are in LATIN Both name are in italics if typed or underlined if written.Examples: Human- homo sapiens or homo sapiens

THE IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

• Maintaining a balanced nature

• Source of food• Source of medicine• Clean air• Shelter• Clean drinking water• Preserved all living

organisms from become extinct

THAT

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USTh

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