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BIOL 197L – Lab #7: INVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY AND ANATOMY I
Which phyla did we study in class?And what genera represented these phyla?
CnidariaHydra sp.
PlatyhelmintheDugesia sp.
MolluscaVenus sp.
AnnelidaLumbricus sp.
What phylum does this organism belong to?What genus does this organism belong to?
Which life form is represented here?What is the other life form?
CnidariaHydra
Polyp (sedentary)Medusa (free-swimming)
Other types of organisms that represent the phylum Cnidaria:
• Jellyfish• Sea anemones• Corals• Hydrozoans
What symmetry do cnidarians show?
Radial symmetry
What type of body plan do cnidarians show?
Diploblasty
• Two germ layers:• Ectoderm• Endoerm
What internal space acts as the central digestive cavity?
Gastrovascular cavityIs the gastrovascular cavity a complete or an incomplete gut?
The gastrovascular cavity is an incomplete (or blind) gut
Identify:
Gastrovascular cavity
Identify:
TentaclesWhat are the stinging cells of the tentacles called?
Nematocysts
• Used to paralyze and entangle prey• The tentacles push food through the mouth
opening
Identify:
Mouth
How do members of the genus Hydra reproduce?
Asexually and sexually (hermaphroditic)What is the asexual method called?
BuddingNote that budding occurs from the gastrovascular cavity
Identify:Tissue
What germ layer is it derived from?
EpidermisDerived from ectoderm
Identify:Tissue
What germ layer is it derived from?
GastrodermisDerived from endoderm
What acellular substance joins the tissue tissues?
Mesoglea
Is this Hydra a male or female?What is the structure that produces this type of gamete called?
Male (note the multiple spermaries)Testes (spermaries)
Is this Hydra a male or female?What is the structure that produces this type of gamete called?
Female (note that only one ovary is present – as opposed to multiple spermaries in males)
Ovary
Identify:
Identify:
Tentacles
(The outer layer)
Identify:
Tentacles
Epidermis
The middle layer
Identify:
Tentacles
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Identify:
Tentacles
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Flagellum
Identify:
Tentacles
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Mouth
Flagellum
The inner layer
Identify:
Tentacles
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Mouth
Flagellum
Gastrodemis
Identify:
Tentacles
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Mouth
Flagellum
Gastrodemis
GastrovascularCavity
Identify:
Identify:
Tentacles(Containing nematocysts)
Identify:
Mouth
Tentacles(Containing nematocysts)
Identify:
Mouth
Tentacles(Containing nematocysts)
Asexual bud
What phylum does this organism belong to?What genus does this organism belong to?
PlatyhelmintheDegusia sp.
• Free-living flatworms• AKA planarians
What type of symmetry does Degusia sp. show?
Bilateral symmetry
What is the term that is used to describe the evolutionary milestone that resulted in the anterior concentration of nervous
tissue, in other words the presence of a head?
Cephalization
What body type does Degusia show?
Acoelomate
Identify:StructurePurpose
Auricle (ear-like structure)Contains a variety of sensor cells, chiefly of touch and chemical detection
Identify:StructurePurpose
Eye spotsDetect light
Identify:StructurePurpose
PharynxFeeding structure
Identify:
Identify:
Ventral nerveCords
Identify:
Ventral nerveCords
Pharynx
Identify:
Ventral nerveCords
Pharynx
GastrovascularCavity
Identify:
Ventral nerveCords
Pharynx
GastrovascularCavity
Eyespots
Identify:
Ventral nerveCords
Pharynx
GastrovascularCavity
Eyespots
Ganglia
Identify:
Ventral nerveCords
Pharynx
GastrovascularCavity
Eyespots
GangliaAuricles
Identify:
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamber
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamberPharynx
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamberPharynx
Cilia
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamberPharynx
Cilia
Lateral branch of gut
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamberPharynx
Cilia
Lateral branch of gutEndoderm
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamberPharynx
Cilia
Lateral branch of gutEndoderm
Mesoderm
Identify:
Pharyngeal chamberPharynx
Cilia
Lateral branch of gutEndoderm
MesodermEctoderm
What phylum does this specimen belong to?What genera represented this phylum?
MolluscaVenus sp.
Most mollusks share what four characteristic features?
1) Foot – locomotion and 2) Visceral mass – housing of organs
3) Mantle – Secretes the shell4) Shell – protection (CaCO3 which is made of twp parts, called valves)
What type of symmetry does Venus exhibit?
Bilateral symmetry
What body type does Venus exhibit?
Triploblastly
What type of body cavity does Venus exhibit?
Coelomate
Determine the anatomical positions:
Determine the anatomical positions:
Dorsal
Determine the anatomical positions:
Dorsal
Posterior
Determine the anatomical positions:
Dorsal
Posterior
Ventral
Determine the anatomical positions:
Dorsal
Posterior
Ventral
Anterior
Identify:
Identify:
Pericardium
Identify:
Pericardium
Posterior adductormuscle
Identify:
Pericardium
Posterior adductormuscle
Mantle
Identify:
Pericardium
Posterior adductormuscle
Mantle
Labial palp(the mouth is located here)
Identify:
Pericardium
Posterior adductormuscle
Mantle
Labial palp(the mouth is located here)
AnteriorAdductormuscle
Identify:Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Identify:Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Umbo
Identify:Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Umbo
Mantle
Identify:Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Umbo
Mantle
PosteriorAdductormuscle
Identify:Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Umbo
Mantle
Anterior Adductormuscle
Identify:Note that this image is flipped, so the anterior is the right side, and the posterior is the left side.
You can see this by noting the position of the umbo.
Umbo
Mantle
Anterior Adductormuscle
Foot
Identify:
(The green substance)
Identify:
(The yellow substance)
Digestive gland
Identify:
Digestive gland
Gonads
Identify:
Digestive gland
Gonads
Gills
Identify:
Digestive gland
Gonads
Visceral mass
Gills
Identify:
Digestive gland
Gonads
Gills
Visceral mass
Foot
Identify:
Digestive gland
Gonads
Gills
Visceral mass
Foot
Mantle
What phylum does this animal belong to?What genus represented this phylum?
AnnelidaLumbricus sp.
What type of symmetry does Lumbrius demonstate?
Bilateral symmetry
What body type does Lumbricus show?
Triploblasty
How does Lumbricus reproduce?
What type of body cavity does Lumbricus have?
Coelomate
Sexually; Lumbricus is a hermaphroditic, and transfer sperm when mating (they do not self-fertilize)
Identify:
Identify:Prostomium
Identify:
MouthProstomium
Identify:
MouthProstomium
Peristomium
Identify:
MouthProstomium
PeristomiumChaetae
Identify:
MouthProstomium
PeristomiumChaetae
Seminal receptacles
Identify:
MouthProstomium
PeristomiumChaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonopore
Identify:
MouthProstomium
PeristomiumChaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonoporeMale gonopore
Identify:
MouthProstomium
PeristomiumChaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonoporeMale gonopore
Spermgroove
Identify:
MouthProstomium
PeristomiumChaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonoporeMale gonopore
Spermgroove Genital chaetae
Identify:
MouthProstomium
PeristomiumChaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonoporeMale gonopore
Spermgroove Genital chaetae
Clitellum
Identify:
MouthProstomium
PeristomiumChaetae
Seminal receptacles
Female gonoporeMale gonopore
Spermgroove Genital chaetae
ClitellumTubercle
Identify:
Identify:
Mouth
Identify: Pharynx
Pharynx
Identify:
Pharynx
Seminal vesicles
Identify:
Pharynx
Seminal vesicles
Seminal receptacles
Identify:
Pharynx
Seminal vesicles
Seminal receptacles
Crop
Identify:
Pharynx
Seminal vesicles
Seminal receptacles
Gizzard
Crop
Identify:
Pharynx
Seminal vesicles
Seminal receptacles
GizzardIntestines
Crop
