BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVENdload.oktatas.educatio.hu/erettsegi/feladatok_2019... · by the cuckoo, since this is the only bird not repelled by the dense fur of the caterpillar. 8. In

Biológia angol nyelven középszint — írásbeli vizsga 1912

EMBERI ERŐFORRÁSOK MINISZTÉRIUMA

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BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVEN

KÖZÉPSZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA

2019. május 14. 8:00

Időtartam: 150 perc

Pótlapok száma Tisztázati Piszkozati

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9.

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Biológia angol nyelven középszint

1912 írásbeli vizsga 2 / 12 2019. május 14.

Név: ........................................................... osztály:......

Important information

Before you start working read the instructions below carefully. Your questions are either multiple choice or open-ended ones. When answering multiple choice questions you need to write one or two capital letters into the empty boxes. These are the letters of the correct answer or answers. Make sure that your answers are unambiguous, otherwise they will not be accepted. If you want to correct your answer cross out the wrong one and write the correct letter next to it. When answering open-ended questions, you need to write technical terms, a few words, a whole sentence or several sentences. Write your answers on the dotted (……..) line. Mind your grammar because if your answer is not understandable because of bad grammar, or because it is illegible (e.g. it is not clear what the subject of the sentence is), it will not be accepted even if it contains the correct terms. Contradictory answers given to the same question cannot get points. Each correct answer is awarded 1 mark, unless otherwise indicated. Use black or blue pen. Do not write anything into the grey boxes. Good luck for your work!

A D A D C B D correct acceptable wrong



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I. The predator and its prey 11 points

The painting depicts the meeting of an owl bringing down a hare (a herbivorous mammal) and a dog. Describe one feature visible in the picture which shows that the owl is a bird, while the hare and the dog belong to mammals. 1. The owl is a bird because

.……………………………………

……………………………………,

while the dog and the hare are

mammals because…

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Write the number of the statements below into the appropriate parts of the Venn diagram.

2. It has image forming camera eyes. 3. In the lungs the air is passed along air tubules/capillaries. 4. Its strong canines show its predatory lifestyle. 5. The claws on its legs help it to catch its prey. 6. It has regulated body temperature (nearly constant). 7. It feeds its offspring with her milk. 8. The digestion of its main food substance is helped by cellulose digesting bacteria. 9. The surface of its sternum is enlarged by a keel. 10. It is a predator.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Total

owl hare

dog



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II. Ecological interactions 8 points Identify and name the following ecological interactions. (The +/- type of description is not enough.) 1. The squirrel likes taking up residence in holes abandoned by woodpeckers.

……………………………………………………………………………………...……….

2. The broomrape (napraforgószádorgó) sucks the organic substances from the root of the sunflower.

………………………………….………………………………………………...…………

3. Numerous tropical orchids live on the branches of giant trees to reach the scattered light penetrating through the foliage. The branches serve merely as a support while the nutrients are taken up from the rainwater trickling down the tree.

………………………………………………....… Tropical orchid species living on trees

4. The bean and pea plants accommodate nitrogen fixing bacteria in their root nodules, which,

in turn, supply the host plants with nitrogenous compounds. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Most plants cannot sprout underneath the walnut tree because of the germination inhibiting

substances released by the walnut tree.

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. In lichens the unicellular algae and fungal hyphae help each other.

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. The population explosion of the gypsy moth (gyapjaslepke) caterpillars is often prevented

by the cuckoo, since this is the only bird not repelled by the dense fur of the caterpillar.

……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. In the alimentary canal of the common vole (mezei pocok) masses of cellulose digesting

bacteria live.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Total



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III. Bladderwort and conferva 11 points

In the picture on the left the flowering bladderwort (rence) common in the freshwaters of Hungary can be seen. The picture in the middle shows the tiny bladders of its modified underwater leaves which are capable of capturing and digesting small crabs. The picture on the right shows the microscopic view of the conferva (békanyál), a filamentous green algae, living around the bladderwort. The leaves of the bladderwort are green but the plant requires the nitrogenous compounds derived from the aquatic arthropods captured. Based on the description above what are the characteristic features of the bladderwort? Fill in the gaps of the following text with the suitable words. The energy source of the bladderwort is the sunlight, therefore with regard to its energy source it is a(n) (1) …………………… organism. It is able to rely on carbon dioxide or carbonic acid dissolved in water to manufacture its organic matters, therefore with regard to its carbon source it is a(n) (2) …………………… organism. However, it obtains its nitrogen from the organic matter of the insect prey, therefore according to its nitrogen source it can be regarded as (3) …………………….. Its bright yellow flowers indicate that the pollen grains are transferred to the stigma by (4) ……………………... Fertilisation is brought about with the help of pollen tube formed inside the (5) ………………………..

Compare the structure of bladderwort and conferva. Write the appropriate letter into the empty box.

A) The bladderwort B) The conferva C) Both of them D) Neither of them

6. It is a living organism with differentiated tissues.

7. It has seeds.

8. It has cells surrounded with membrane and cell wall.

9. It has cell nucleus.

10. It is a parasitic organism.

11. It is made up of branching filaments.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11. Total



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IV. Bones and muscles 12 points

1. The letters in the picture indicate some of the flexor and extensor muscles of a running person. Which muscles are extensors? Write the letter of the correct combination of letters in the box.

A) The muscles indicated by ‘A‘, ‘C‘ and ‘E‘ B) The muscles indicated by ‘B‘, ‘D‘ and ‘E‘ C) The muscles indicated by ‘A‘, ‘C‘ and ‘F‘ D) The muscles indicated by ‘B‘, ‘C‘ and ‘E‘ E) The muscles indicated by ‘B‘, ‘D‘ and ‘F‘

2. The position (the angle between them) of

which long bones is changed by the contraction of muscle ‘B’? Name the two bones. (2 points)

……………………. and ………………….

3. The position (the angle between them) of

which long bones is changed by the contraction of muscle ‘C’? Name the two bones. (2 points)

………………………………..………. and …………………………………………. 4. The coordinated working of the muscles is controlled by the central nervous system. Where

do the neurons, whose fibres terminate on the muscle fibres of the limbs, originate from?

A) From the grey matter of the spinal cord. B) From the white matter of the spinal cord. C) From the autonomic ganglia on either side of the vertebral column. D) From the brain stem. E) From the cerebellum.

5. Where does the nerve tract responsible for the initiation of voluntary movements

originate from?

A) From the cerebellum. B) From the cerebral cortex. C) From the grey matter of the spinal cord. D) From the white matter of the spinal cord. E) From the muscles themselves

6. The patellar or knee jerk reflex is often examined by doctors. Which letter in

the picture indicates the muscle which is involved in this examination?

A

B

C

D

E F



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7. Describe the purpose of examining the patellar reflex.

…………………………………………………..…………….……………………………..

…………………………………………………………………...………………………….. 8. What is the original biological function of the patellar reflex?

…………………………………………………………………………….…………………

…………………………………………………………………………….…………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

9. You are well advised to do some warm-up exercises before doing strenuous physical

activities. Describe briefly what is happing in the joints during warming up and what type of accidents can be prevented by it. (2 points)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Total



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V. The beginnings of genetics 8 points Some characteristic features of the inheritance of traits were already recognised by Count Imre Festetics (1762-1847) at the beginning of 19th century, as he crossed together different breeds of sheep on his estate near Kőszeg and examined the appearance of character forms in the offspring.

The picture of Imre Festetics (on the left) and Gregor Mendel (on the right)

Fill in the gaps in the following text with the suitable words listed below. You do not need to use all of the words and one word can be used more than once. heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, recessive, test, intermediary,

1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 25, 50, 75 By repeatedly crossing closely related individuals, Festetics managed to achieve that the individuals carried the same forms of a gene, which is to say that he received ‘pure breeding’, in more modern term (1) …………………… individuals. Festetics observed that if individuals belonging to two pure breeding lines showing the alternative forms of a character were crossed, the first filial (F1) generation is uniform and the (2) ……………………. character form seemingly disappears. However, in the second filial (F2) generation the ‘lost’ character form reappears again. It was not until 50 years later that Mendel described that, in case of monohybrid crosses, the ratio of individuals showing the dominant and the recessive forms of a character is (3) ………………….The ratio can be explained by assuming that the phenotype of homozygous individuals is the same as that of the (4) ………………………….individuals. The later makes up (5) …………………….% of the F2 generation. Mendel must have been influenced by the method applied by Festetics but Mendel was also able to determine whether the individual showing the dominant form of the character was homozygous or it carried the recessive allele as well. In order to do so, he crossed the individual whose genotype was to be determined with a homozygous (6) ……………………… individual and if both alternative forms appeared among the offspring, it proved that the individual was (7) ………………………. This is the principle idea of the (8) ………………………. cross.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Total



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VI. The starch and the cellulose 12 points

The picture shows the demonstration of the presence of starch in a slice of bread and in a potato half.

1. Provide the name of the chemical that gives the colour reaction with starch as seen in the picture.

…………………………………………………..

Although both starch and cellulose are made up of glucose molecules, the features of these three chemicals are very different. Write the number of the statements into the appropriate parts of the Venn diagram according to which one(s) the statement refers to.

2. It can be dissolved in hot water. 3. It tastes sweet. 4. Bacteria are able to break it down into monosaccharides (simple sugars). 5. A typical substance the cell walls are made of. 6. It is a stored food reserve. 7. It is a carbohydrate. 8. It is absorbed from the intestine into the blood. 9. It is the major component of flour.

10. It is a macromolecule found in animals and humans similar in its structure to starch. Also,

it is one of the storage substances of the liver and muscles. Give the name of this

molecule! ………….……..

11. The cellulose is indigestible for humans, whereas starch is broken down by two types of

digestive juices. Give the name of these digestive juices. ………...……….…….

and…….……….…………. (2 points)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11. Total

starch cellulose

glucose



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VII. The human skin 9 points The skin is a sensory organ in addition to having protective and regulatory functions. Study the diagram of the human skin carefully. The functions of the skin are listed below. Write the letters indicating the different parts of the skin into the boxes next to the functions they perform.

1. It is a receptor detecting pressure.

2. In response to heat its functioning is changing in a way which increases the heat loss of the body.

3. It is a layer of heat insulation.

4. It is involved in excretion.

5. A particular form of vitamin D is formed here.

6. Its pigment cells absorb UV light.

7. In addition to pressure and touch the skin is able to detect other type of stimuli. Name these stimuli.

(2 points) ………………………………………. and ……………………………………….

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Total

A

F

C

D

E

B



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VIII. Let us breathe deeply 9 points 1. The diagram below shows some parts of the human respiratory system. Name the parts

marked by the capital letters and write their names on the dotted line! (3 points)

A: …………………………………………. B: …………………………………………. C: …………………………………………. 2. What is the function of the cartilaginous parts in the

organs marked ‘B’ and ‘C’?

……………………………………………..……….

…………………………………………..………….

3. Two important parameters of the respiratory system are its minute volume and vital capacity. Explain briefly what is meant by these terms. (2 points) Respiratory minute volume: ………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………...…………………………….

Vital capacity: ...……………………………………………………………………………

……...……………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Who would be expected to have the largest vital capacity of the people listed below? Let us assume that the people compared are the same age and weight. Write the letter of the correct answer into the box

A) A sportswoman (plays water polo) B) A woman who does not do any sport C) A sportsman (plays water polo) D) A man who does not do any sport E) The people above have similar vital capacities.

5. During physical activity the respiratory minute volume increases. Give the biological

reason for this finding.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. The respiratory minute volume can be increased by increasing the number of breaths per minute. Explain the other possible mechanism which would increase the minute volume.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Total



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score

maximum achieved I. The predator and its prey 11 II. Ecological interactions 8 III. Bladderwort and confera 11 IV. Bones and muscles 12 V. The beginning of genetics 8 VI. The starch and the cellulose 12 VII. The human skin 9

VIII. Let us breathe deeply 9 Total 80 The total score of the written examination (achieved score 1.25 rounded to an integer))

80 · 1.25 = 100

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BIOLÓGIA ANGOL NYELVENdload.oktatas.educatio.hu/erettsegi/feladatok_2019... · by the cuckoo, since this is the only bird not repelled by the dense fur of the caterpillar. 8. In