Biologi Folio-Endangered Ecosystem

7/28/2019 Biologi Folio-Endangered Ecosystem

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Biologi Form 4

Chapter 9

NAME : Najwan Fitri Bin Hamidon

CLASS : 5 SERI SETIA

TEACHER : Pn. Norpizah

SCHOOL : SMK PUTRAJAYA PRESINT 14 (1)


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LIST OF CONTENTS

NUMBER CONTENT PAGE

I. Introduction 3

II. Objective 4

III. Human Activities That Endanger An

Ecosystem

IV. Greenhouse Effects And The Thinning OfOzone Layer

V. Step To Maintain Stable Enviroment

VI. Conclusion

VII. Reference


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INTRODUCTION

I, Najwan Fitri Bin Hamidon from 5 Seri Setia would like those who

have been indirectly or directly involve in the making of this folio

titled ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM. Ministry Of Educations effort

in organizing the making of this folio is highly appreciated in a way

of increasing students understanding in biology .Hence, not only

increasing students level of understanding , but also increasing the

value of studying biology as it is related to our living .

By doing this folio, it does not only increase my understanding

towards biology ,also it makes me grow enthusiastic towards the

intriguing subject, biology .I have now completed a paperwork onthe topic ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM based on the last chapter in

the form 4 syllabus.Nevertheless ,I felt relief and grateful upon having such fabulous

companion and references who were my biology teacher Pn.

Norpizah Binti Hashim,my parents ,helpful friends also siblings .I

was really thankful to those who have helped me out ,being

supportive yet helpful especially in providing extra information onthe topic which is given to in the making of this folio .Without their

help surely I will not be able to make this folio as a satisfying piece

.Not to forget Pn. Aniza Binti Abu Bakar for giving the students the

opportunity to make this folio .

Last but not the least, thank you once again to those who has helped

directly or indirectly in the making of the folio


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OBJECTIVE

A healthy yet lovely environment is always a significant dream to

others. However numerous negative impact from unresponsible

human activities has greatly affect our dream environment . It has

not only cause in balance in environment but also causes various

environmental problem besides endangering the ecosystem. The

only way for us and the future generation to have a sense of peace

mind living in the dream and lovely environment is mainly by

planning development activities with great care which will possibly

not affecting the environment at all.

To raise the efforts of creating a convenient, safer yetconducive environment for ourselves and the future

generations .

To deduce the time for the depletion and the destructionof the environment due to the environmental problems caused

by human beings


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HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT

ENDANGER ANECOSYSTEM

Human Activities That Threaten The Ecosystem

The worlds population might reach to 10 billions in the next fifty

years .Hence, when there are increments in the number of the

worlds population , it generally means that there is an increasing

demand for shelter, food, medicine, transport and raw materials .

Today, due to expectation of modern living and industrialrevolution, the world has to confront the destruction of forests to

build more houses, to being use as plantation areas and build roads,

just to fulfil humans needs .

Unplanned developments and mismanagement of ecosystem give

rise to vast amounts of environmental crisis .Among those

environmental problems are greenhouse effect, global warming,

pollution, soil erosion, landslide, flash flood and ozone depletion .

The human activities that we are talking about are like agriculture,

burning or combustion, industrialization, urbanization and last but

not least, deforestation.


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Pollutions


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DEFORESTATION

Large agriculture of forests are cleared for extracting timber of fuel

wood , agriculture needs, and for the sake of urbanization. The

impacts are enormous and outrageous. Let see what are the

drawbacks of deforestation .

1.LANDSLIDES

Soil erosion is blocked. Thus, water flows inland and causesflash flood and landslides.

When it rains for a long time especially during rainy season, thetop layer of soil loosens and slides down ,thus causing

landslides


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2.SOIL EROSION

leaning of trees causes the loss of tree leaves that protect thesoil from a massive impulsive force of heavy raindrops and also

causes the loss of tree roots that hold the soil in place

The wide exposure to the raindrops forces, give arise to soilerosion. Here ,the top layer of soil is easily being washed away

by heavy rainfall. The eroded soil, is then, deposited in rivers or

streams


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3.FLASH FLOOD

During heavy rains, rainwater flows harshly into rivers becausethere is a non-existence of retention of water by plant roots as

well as proper water catchments areas

Due to silting in the rivers, the water flow is blocked. Thus,water flows inland and causes flash floods in low areas.

In addition, soil erosion contributes in the depletion of mineralsin the soil, causing the land trouble to be used as a place of

cultivation


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4.FARMING

In order to full fill the demands of todays food supplement,large areas of lands have been used and will be used

for farming purposes.

Excessive use of land for farming and stock rearing lead toinfertile land and may expose the soil to erosion by wind or

heavy rainfalls.

Inorganic fertilizers usage in farming also results toeutrophication


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5.URBANISATION

Industrialisation give off industrial waste and heated wastewater causing water pollution and thermal pollution.

Toxic gases released by industries contribute to a majorconcerning problem ; air pollution


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about -18 or -19 C, about 33C below the actual surface

temperature of about14 C or 15 C. The mechanism that produces

this difference between the actual temperature and the blackbody

temperature is due to the atmosphere and is known as thegreenhouse effect Global warming, a recent warming of the Earth's

surface and lower atmosphere, is believed to be the result of a

strengthening of the greenhouse effect mostly due to human-

produced increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases.


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THE THINNING OF THE

OZONE LAYER

The ozone layer protects the Earth from the ultraviolet rays sent

down by the sun. If the ozone layer is depleted by human action, the

effects on the planet could be catastrophic. Ozone is present in the

stratosphere. The stratosphere reaches 30 miles above the Earth,and at the very top it contains ozone. The suns rays area absorbed

by the ozone in the stratosphere and thus do not reach the Earth.

Ozone is a bluish gas that is formed by three atoms of oxygen. The

form of oxygen that humans breathe in consists of two oxygen

atoms, 2.When found on the surface of the planet, ozone is

considered a dangerous pollutant and is one substance responsible

for producing the greenhouse effect.

The highest regions of the stratosphere contain about 90% of all

In recent years, the ozone layer has been the subject of much

discussion. And rightly so, because the ozone layer protects both

plant and animal life on the planet .The fact that the ozone layer was

being depleted was discovered in themid-1980s. The main cause of

this is the release of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons).Antarctica was an

early victim of ozone destruction. A massive hole in the ozone layer

right above Antarctica now threatens not only that continent, but

many others that could be the victims of Antarctica's melting

icecaps. In the future, the ozone problem will have to be solved so

that the protective layer can be conserved.


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STEP TO MAINTAIN A

STABLE ENVIROMENTS

There Are Many Step Can Be Taken To Maintain The Balance Of

Nature Such As:

1.Enforcement Of Environmental Law

Environment quality act, 1974 Controls and prevents the pollution of the environment Controls the type of licensing, content and quality

of environment

Tests and examines the samples of substances and gas fromindustries

Natural forestry act, 1984-Aims at protecting and preserving our forests and wildlife

Pesticides act, 1974-Aims at controlling the use of pesticides

Protection of wildlife act, 1972-Aims at protecting wildlifeanimals, birds and plants

Fisheries act, 1985-Aims at controlling marine pollution


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2.Use Of Technology

Use modern equipment and chemicals to control oil spills. Recycle rubbish. To look for methods to do research. Change organic rubbish to biogas. Use less polluting and clean fuels in motor vehicles. Control and treat the toxic and dangerous waste before

disposing.

3.Education

To increase the awareness and sensitivity of the individual tothe environment.

To provide the basic knowledge of environmental problemsand effects of pollutions.

To teach the public the necessary skills to protect and maintaina healthy society.

To help the individuals to become responsible and sensitive tothe environment


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4.Preservation And Conservation Of The Ecosystem

Force the development companies to replant the forest treesafter deforestation.

Remaining the mangrove swamps area so that the ecosystemis protected.

Restore the mining and used land for agriculture. Put effort in rivers cleaning to ensure there is sufficient supply

of water in future) Practice of biological control.

A method of controlling the animal pests by using naturalpredators instead of using chemical substances.

Factors to choose the animals predators.

5.Efficient Use Of Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy

Energy plays an important role in our life Non-renewableenergy will be exhausted in one day. For example, coal, oil and

fossil fuels.

Solar energy can be used as a substitute of fuel Renewable energy, such as solar energy, wave power and tidal

power are environmental friendly and need to be developed


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CONCLUSION

The effects of unplanned development and mismanagement of the

ecosystem can lead to damaging consequences such as soil erosion,

flash floods, landslides, eutrophication ,pollution global warming,

ozone depletion, climatic changes and loss of biodiversity. There are

four types of pollution which are air ,water ,thermal, and noise

pollution. Greenhouse gases released by various human activities

can trap heat in the atmosphere and raise the Earths average

temperature. Such an overall rise in the Earths temperature can

leads to global warming. The thinning of ozone layer is mainly due

to the accumulation of chloroflurocarbon (CFCs)in the atmosphere.

Sustainable development must take intoconsideration of propermanagement of the ecosystem to ensure a balance of nature is

maintained.


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REFERENCES

Biology Book Form 4Success (Oxford Fajar) Biology > reference books.Internet

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Biologi Folio-Endangered Ecosystem