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Biological AssessmentDeveloped by Ken CookeKentucky Division of WaterWatershed Watch Program Coordinator
Modified by Mike KempProfessor of Environmental Engineering TechnologyMurray State University
1WEF_Bio_Monitoring
BiomonitoringBiomonitoring
WEF_Bio_Monitoring 2
BiomonitoringBiomonitoring
WEF_Bio_Monitoring 3
Stream organisms require– access to food– refuge from predators– tolerable temperatures– sufficient oxygen– tolerable chemical
conditions
A degraded habitat may not support some organisms. A degraded habitat may not support some organisms.
Benthic MacroinvertebratesBenthic Macroinvertebrates
• Benthic – bottom of the stream; macro – visible with the naked eye; invertebrate – no backbone
• Ubiquitous and easy to collect• Relatively sedentary• Vary in sensitivity to habitat alteration and pollution
WEF_Bio_Monitoring 4
Good Mid Range Poor
A Diverse Community A Diverse Community Representing a Range of TolerancesRepresenting a Range of Tolerances
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A Less Diverse Community A Less Diverse Community Dominated by Tolerant SpeciesDominated by Tolerant Species
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BiomonitoringBiomonitoring
• True or False. The presence of pollution tolerant species such as leeches is an indication of poor water quality.
WEF_Bio_Monitoring 7
BiomonitoringBiomonitoring
• True or False. The presence of pollution tolerant species such as leeches is an indication of poor water quality.
False
WEF_Bio_Monitoring 8
Equipment to BringEquipment to Bring
• Boots, waders, or shoes that can get wet
• D-frame or 10-inch aquarium net
• Light-colored plastic pan
• Field guides, key, and illustrations for identification
• Magnifying glass
• Biological monitoring assessment datasheet
WEF_Bio_Monitoring 9
Choose one or more riffles in your stream reach
Selecting the SiteSelecting the Site
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Sampling Protocol – Traveling Kick Sampling Protocol – Traveling Kick
• Set net in riffle• Kick and stir 1/2 meters above net• Rinse net in pan containing a small
amount of water• Repeat at five different locations in
riffle to produce one composite sample
• Inspect and remove large debris• Identify organisms and calculate
score• Carefully rinse net and pan before
sampling another stream
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1/2 meter line1/2 meter line
Sampling Protocol – Low GradientSampling Protocol – Low Gradient
• Estimate habitat present• “Jab” net in representative habitat• Rinse net in pan containing a
small amount of water• Repeat at ten different locations
in the reach to produce one composite sample
• Inspect and remove large debris.• Identify organisms and calculate
score• Carefully rinse net and pan before
sampling another stream
WEF_Bio_Monitoring 12
• For each site, how many kick-net samples should be taken?
• What should you do if your reach does not have any riffles?
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• For each site, how many kick-net samples should be taken?
Five. These can be combined to form one composite sample.
• What should you do if your reach does not have any riffles?
WEF_Bio_Monitoring 14
• For each site, how many kick-net samples should be taken?
Five. These can be combined to form one composite sample.
• What should you do if your reach does not have any riffles?
Look for other habitats that might support macroinvertebrates. Use the low gradient sampling protocol if necessary.
WEF_Bio_Monitoring 15
Identify the Following Identify the Following Macroinvertebrates:Macroinvertebrates:
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Images from http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent525/water/aquatic/index.htm
B. Newton 2003B. Newton 2003
AA BB CC
DD EE FF
Identify the Following Identify the Following Macroinvertebrates:Macroinvertebrates:
WEF_Bio_Monitoring 17
Images from http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent525/water/aquatic/index.htm
B. Newton 2003B. Newton 2003
AA BB CC
DD EE FF
Caddisfly Larva Crane Fly Larva Water Penny
Damselfly LarvaeScud (Isopod)Mayfly Larva
Macroinvertebrate TallyMacroinvertebrate Tally
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Group 1 Taxa Code Group 2 Taxa Code Group 3 Taxa Code
Water Penny Larvae X Damselfly Nymphs Blackfly Larvae
Mayfly Nymphs Dragonfly Nymphs X Aquatic Worms X
Stonefly Nymphs Crane Fly Larvae Midge Larvae
Dobsonfly Larvae X Beetle Larvae Pouch Snails X
Caddisfly Larvae Crayfish Leeches
Riffle Beetle Adults Scuds
Other Snails X Clams X
Sow Bugs/Isopods
Number of taxa present 3 Number of taxa present 2 Number of taxa present 2
Times index value of (3) =
9 Times index value of (2) = 4 Times index value of (1) =
2
Cumulative Index Value 15
Biological Assessment Scale
Poor Fair Good Excellent
180 5 10 15 20 25 30 +