Lesson 7.2 Appendicular skeleton
Consist of the bones of the upper and lower limbs and their girdles
Girdles – bones where the limbs attach to the body
There are two girdles:PectoralPelvic
BONES OF THE Upper LIMBS AND Pect0ral GIRDLE
Pectoral girdle – where the upper limbs attach
Includes the:
1) Clavicle (collar bone)Which attaches to the top of
the sternum.
Clavicle
BONES OF THE Upper LIMB AND Pect0ral GIRDLEPectoral girdle – where the upper limbs attach Includes the:
1) Clavicle (collar bone) AND
2) Scapula (shoulder blade)attaches to axis by ligaments and muscles which allows the shoulder joint to have the largest range of motion.
braced by the clavicle
Scapula
Bones of upper Appendage
1. Humerus - largest bone of arm and attaches to the scapula at the shoulder joint
Humerus
Bones of upper Appendage
1. Humerus
2. Ulna one of two bones of the
forearm bone on the side that has
the pinkie (little finger) (UP)
attached to humerus by a hinge joint
Ulna
Bones of upper Appendage
1. Humerus 2. Ulna
3. Radius Second bone of the forearmOn the same side as the thumb
Rotates around the ulna to twist the forearm
Radius
Bones of the Hand
Wrist
1) Carpals – 8 bones that make up the wrist
• The articulations of the carpal bones allow the wrist to bend and twist. Pretty good range of motion.
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
Wrist(1)Carpals
(2) Metacarpals - branch out from the carpals composing the main part of the hand.
Metacarpels
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
Wrist(1) Carpals (2) Metacarpals
(3) Phalanges 14 of theseform the fingers and thumbs
Fingers have three phalanges
Thumb has only two phalanges
Phalanges
MetacarpelsCarpels
Bones of the Hand
BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB AND PELVIC GIRDLE
BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB AND PELVIC GIRDLE
Pelvic Girdle – where the lower limbs attach to the axial skeleton.
The 2 large pelvic bones that attach to the sacrum (vertebral column) make up the pelvic girdle.
Pelvicbone
Bones of the lower limb (appendage):
Femur attaches to the pelvic
girdle at the hiplargest and strongest bone of
the bodythe upper leg
Femur
Bones of the lower limb (appendage):Femur
Bones of the lower leg:
Two bones make up the lower leg:
1) Tibiaolarger of twooextends from knee joint to
the ankle joint
Tibia
Bones of the lower limb (appendage):Femur
Bones of the lower leg:
Two bones make up the lower leg:1) Tibia
2)Fibula Thinner than tibiaTell a little fibAttaches to the tibiaDoes not rotate like the radius of arm
Fibula
Bones of the lower limb (appendage):Femur
Bones of the lower leg:
Two bones make up the lower leg:1) Tibia 2) Fibula
Patella – knee cap•found in front of the knee•brace for tendons that
straighten leg•shields the knee joint
from injury
Bones of the Foot
Bones of the foot:
1) Tarsals7 tarsal bones make up the ankle
Allows foot to rotateTalus is largest of tarsal bones – attaches directly to tibia and fibula
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
Bones of the foot:1) Tarsals
2) Calcaneus – heel bone
calcaneus
Bones of the foot:1) Tarsals2) Calcaneus
3) Metatarsals•in front of tarsals•five of them•make framework of instep and ball of foot•arranged in curved arches
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
Bones of the foot:1) Tarsals2) Clcaneus 3) Metatarsals
4) Phalangesattach to metatarsalsfive of themMade of three bones each
except for big toe is only 2 like in hands
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot
THE FOOT IS A MIRACULOUS DESIGN:
supports the body on a small arches allowing it to move and be balanced!!!!!